wmm 2>3> THE INLAND PRINTER The Leading Trade Journal of the World IN THE Printing and Allied Industries. VOLUME XXXIII. April, 1904, to September, 1904. CHICAGO, ILL., U. S. A.: The Inland Printer Company, Publishers. INDEX TO THE INLAND PRINTER VOLUME XXXIII. FROM APRIL, 1904, TO SEPTEMBER, 1904. Biography : Bullen, Henry L. C. Colored inserts: Bierstadt Lake, Colorado . 353 Bronco buster, A . 841 Corner in the barn, A . 408 “ Golden Gate,” San Francisco . 207 Gypsy . 193 Japanese poster . 49 Scot, The . 657 Touching leather . 681 Vespers . 513 Wall decoration for a bachelor’s apart¬ ments . 33 Composing-room: Artist-compositor’s opportunities. The... 837 Book and poster work . 845 Brass job galleys and other tools . 555 Calendar printing economized . 361 Caring for brass rule . 417 Check on proofs submitted . 844 Composing-room . 417. SS4 “Dead” bank, The . 554 Display composition . 41, 200, 356, 522, 661, 820 Economical layout, An . 419 Envelope printing . 418 Importance of taking a proof of new type fonts before laying, The . 555 Imposing book forms with a pencil . 844 Indention of typewriter type . 4x7 Initials . 845 Job composition . 66, 229, 394, 550, 689, 846 Lead case, The . 845 Leak-holes of sloth and the backwater of profit, The . 418 Lectures for apprentices . 104, 247, 584 Mental arithmetic of stonework, The.... 252 New and ingenious uses of the typo¬ graphic numbering machine . 826 Odd measures . 417 Ornament and border cases . 845 Ornaments . 845 Place material conveniently . 417 Printer’s cabinet, The . 554 Printing on blank books . 845 Rule and rule cases . 844 Space and quad case, The . 844 Specimens . no, 272, 430, 588, 738, 900 Submitting proofs . 844 Suggestions for saving labor on platen Sweep in the evening . 417 Systematic labeling of cases . 844 Telephone company emblems . 845 Correspondence: Ad. -writing not for printers . 379 . American superiority . 217 Approves a foreman’s association . 64 British workman, The . 63 Complimentary . 379 Correction, A . 842 Correspondence . 63, 216, 379, 537, 681, 841 Cost of production . 539 Deducting spoilage from employes’ wages 537 Economic calendar printing . 681 Eight- hour agitation . 537 First typewriter type, The . 65 From W. B. Prescott . 65 Correspondence — Continued. page Gordon lock-up . 537 Imposition — the three-fold twelve . 681 Luttrell Times press, The . 681 Penoprints . 538 Placing the responsibility for spoilage... 538 Printer apprentices organize . 380 Printer’s stepping-stone, A . 63 Raising the standard . 216 Reasonable profit . 379 Setting ads. on the Linotype . 64 Setting music type . 216, 540 Standard line in Germany . 217 Status of proofreaders, The . 841 Subordinate numbers . 216 To W. B. Prescott . ’. . . 379 Training of apprentices. . . 841 Typewriter circulars again . 63 Unsalaried organizers . 216 Work not insured . 540 Workmen’s responsibility . 218 E. Editorial : Ascertaining cost . 212 Competent printers wanted . 371 Cooperative printing scheme, A . 210 Demurrer, A . 208 Disciplinary measures . 372 Dollar printer and the dollar lawyer, The 50 Dollar value of suavity . 675 Dr. Howells on the girl printer . 674 Editorial notes . 49, 207, 369, 529, 673. 833 German idea in Sweden, The . 53 Industry is business . 676 Instructing apprentices . . . 374 Irritating shop rules . 533 Labor leader’s unenviable position . 52 Legal requirements . 370 Linotype in Europe, The . 675 Open-cut type and other things . 54 Overmodest printer, The . 533 Printers’ stationery . 375 Printing-trade statistics . 532 Profit and loss account . 372 Save the discounts . 371 Star-gazers and students . 531 Suggestive value of specimens . 55 Technical classes in Australia . 836 Technical education . 535 Two views on yellow journalism . 835 Value of reputation, The . 209 Venal journalism . 674 Electrotyping and stereop typing : Effect of zinc on stereotype metal . 92 Electrotypes versus stereotypes . 90 Electrotyping and stereotyping . 90, 428 Half-tone stereotyping . 265 Progress in stereotypy . 428 Purifying metal . 429 Remedy for smooth shells . 429 Stereotyping half-tones . 428 Stereotyping music plates . 90 Zinc in stereotype metal . 428 Engraving: Albumen the best substratum for collo- Another book on three-color photography 408 Autograph-ink for zinc etching . 241 Bichromate poisoning . 700 Choice of diaphragm . 93 Engraving — Continued. page Color illustration instead of black and white . 576 Daguerreotype, The . 410 Date of first three-color printing . 864 Distance of the screen . 95 Duplicating cuts . 243 Enamel for zinc and dry enamel formulae 865 Enclosed arc instead of open arc electric lamps . 93 Etchings in color . 241 Father of modern wood engraving, The. . 576 Fifty years of photography . 864 First half-tone in a daily newspaper. The 577 From a reader in Finland . 410 Glucose enamel solution . 865 Half-tone direct from landscape . 93 Half-tone etching . 575 Half-tone process, The . 94 Half-tones in daily newspapers . 242 High-light process in lithographic half¬ tones, The . 409 How to illustrate . 699 Illustrator and Process Review, The.... 408 Important matter for process men, An . . 698 Improved sensitizer for red rays . 241 Indorsed by photoengravers . 902 Inland Printer student, An . 574 Kraemer’s Picturesque Cincinnati . 92 Largest photoengraving establishment, The . 92, 576 Last word on half-tone, The . 864 Last word on three-color work, The . 241 Lenses for three-color work . 408 Mountant for photographs, A . 95 New methods of color photography . 408 Photographic journal editors on the un¬ printable picture . 865 Photographing on wood . 701 Pictures not suitable for publication .... 698 Pinaverdol for collodion emulsion . 698 Process engraving . 92, 241, 408, 574, 698 Question of unprintable pictures again, The . 865 Ready weights and measures . 575 Record half-tone making . 577 Reengraving half-tones . 242 Reetching half-tones . 699 Removing magnesia from finished half- 865 Sensitizers for zinc and copper . 94 Sodium sulphid . 92 Specimens of three-color illustrations.... 575 Stripping and turning negative films. ... 241 Three-color sensitizers for collodion emulsion . 577 Turning black into white . 243 Valuable catalogue, A . 241 Vignetting half-tones . 865 What makes a picture unfit for publi¬ cation? . 409 World-wide range of process workers. The . 408 Illustrations: Along Cliff Drive, Santa Cruz, Cal . 418 Alum canyon, San Jose, Cal . 7°4 Assassin of the sea, The . 365 Bandar-Log Press illustrations: Bandar-Log Press . 268 Bandar-Logs . 271 Coo]ing a warm member.. . 271 Fame’s reward . 270 INDEX iii lis s S“f! «l l?is2s21s!l§§lg?sS li$ ** IV I N‘D EX . Illustrations — Continued. i Summer vacation, A . Thames at Westminster, The . Thrushes . Timmis lithotype, The — keyboard and paper perforator . Timmis lithotype, The — printing appa- Tokio newsboy, A . Tokio newsboys selling extras . Turner idea, A . United States battleship Kentucky under searchlight . Victim of the flood, A . View on the Chippewa river, Eau Claire, Wisconsin . Waterfront, The, Canton, China . Whittington stone, The . Wicks typefoundry . . . Wilson adjustable patent blocks . Winter home at Pasadena, California, of James E. Lee, president Challenge Machinery Company . Young April . L Lithography: About time clocks . Alterations on aluminum plates . Aluminum printing . Application of the hygrol printing process to a lithographic press . Arbitration agreement, The . Arbitration plan of the lithographers’ Bamboo paper . Bronze or iridescent sheen . Brooklyn camera club exhibition . Celluloid plates for printing in the type Color prover, The . Crayon drawings on glass plates . Delicate crayon tints on lithographic drawings . Direct printing or decalcomania . Drier and lacteal in lithographic proving. Dry lithography . Easy way of engraving on aluminum, An English literature of lithography, The . . . Estimating on engraving . Federweiss, Spanish chalk or soapstone . . Fiberloid a substitute for celluloid . Finely ruled tints from aluminum . Gelatin grains, films and folios . Gelatin overlays . Grained papers for processwork . How to produce a bright gold on tin printing . Hygrol printing-inks . Importance of the transferrer . Influence of Michael Angelo upon art. . . Ink too thin . Kluth’s pocket calendar for 1904 . Lithographic art in technical exhibitions Lithographic employers’ ultimatum, The. Lithographic stone deposits in Greece . . Lithography . . 84, 244, 411, 571, 705, Menace to the lithographic trade, A. . . . Music printing on stone . Needle for vignette engraving. . . New eight-color rotary printing machine New four-color multiprint press . New Philippines’ banknote currency. The New system of harmony or contrast of colors, A . Nine-hour day for lithographers in Aus- Opening for a lithographing establish- Overlay in typography, The . . . Pantograph, A . Photography and lithography... Photo lens in lithography, The. Photo-linol . Photo-lithography . Polishing old lithographic pens. 548 667 78 79 235 896 56 818 861 378 707 244 411 86 411 86 866 706 571 ?66 411 572 706 412 867 84 245 868 7°5 244 866 572 7°5 85 84 707 85 866 ’ 84 867 87 436 868 85 244 57i 571 57i 57i 245 244 573 244 Lithography — Continued. 1 Poster lithography . Preparing lithographic stone for trans- Preparing the stone for the albumen process . Preserving Ben Day film transfers . Printing two colors from one transfer. . Proper way to mix the lithographic tousche, The . Rapid-drying inks . Recipe for lithographic etching ground. . Recipes for preparing lithographic trans¬ fer papers . Registering color and embossing plates. . Resourceful manager, A . . . Reverse transfer by the aid of silicate of Rubber cylinder tin printing...., . Rubber pantographic enlarging machine, The . . . . Rule of three applied to color. The . Sensitizing the stone before transferring. Solution for hot weather damping . Steam lithographic jobbing press. The. . Stone quarries of Bavaria, The . . Strong etching ground for nitric acid etching . Study in developers, A . ' . Superiority of American commercial lithography . Time required to grain the lithographic Tin-plate printing-press, The . Tinting of zinc plates while printing.. .. To make pencil sketches. . Touching up broken lines on aluminum Transfer ink for copper-plate transfer- Trimming, mounting and framing of pic¬ tures, The . Type printing versus lithography . Typographic posters . Useful color process for fine art sub- Varnish for water-color sketches and Why Ben Day films spoil. . M. Machine Composition: About files . Adventures of a tourist . . . Assembler and fine-delivery carriage.... Automatic light-up . Battle-scarred machines . Belts . Book about the Monotype, A . Border designs . Border designs on the Linotype . Burr composing machine . Copper- facing Linotype slugs . Don’t forget . 74, 224, 386, 566, 684, Double-decker troubles . Double-decker, The . Enthusiastic Linotypist, An . Experience versus instructions . Flat rollers . Font distinguisher . For tabular work . Futile efforts . Government printing-office installs ma- Graduate’s experience, A . Hair-lines . High averages . High slugs . History of composing machines, A . Hollow slugs . How to make a mouthpiece torch . “Human” machine, A . Imaginary troubles . Imperfect face on slugs . Instructions for printer-machinists . Intermediate clutch . Letters not dropping . Machine Composition — Continued. i-a Line delivery carriage . 74, 389, 6 Linotype adjustments . 8 Linotype troubles . . 6 Linotypes in New Zealand . 386, 6 Lithotype, The . Loose spaceband sleeves . 8 Machine composition . 74, 224, 386, 566, 6«- - '8 Machine scale in Switzerland . Matrices dropping double . . ... Metal . 0 Minor difficulties . Monotypes in the Government printing- Mouthpiece leaks . New Simplex record . 2 New source of trouble, A . 8 New typesetting machine . 3 Oil burners . 8 Originality . 6 Plea for justice to operators, A . Pointers by a graduate . 2 Pot-roller pin . 3 Practical suggestions . 2 Pump and metal trouble . 2 Recent patents on typesetting machinery 78, 228, 392, 8 Screw-drivers . 5 Setting music on the Linotype . 3 Simplex machine in Japan . 6 Slugs give trouble in pressroom . 2 Spaceband cleaning . 5 Squirts, etc . 2 “ Stringer ” composing machine, The. ... 2 String-o-type machine, The . 6 Tabular work . 3 Transfer carriage adjustment . 5 Trimming knives and other troubles . 8 Typesetting machines in Europe . ’. 6 Typewriter and Linotype . 5 “ Unnecessary ” parts . 5 Miscellaneous: Abbreviations . 6 Advertising . 8 Advertising men meet . 8 Advertising men organize . 4 All about the Bandar Log Press . 2 American copyright decision, An . . 3 Announcement . 4 Art bookbinding . 8 Ascertaining cost . 414, 578, 8 At the top of the ladder . s Australian notes . 8 Berlin notes . 717, 8 Best asset, The . 1 Book for photographers. .' . 2 Book-publishing in France . 4 Book review . 102, 736, 8 Books not second-class mail matter . 3 Boston school of printing . 5 Business notices . 114, 276, 434, 590, 743. 9 Characteristic greetings . 4 Child’s book plate, A . 9 Chinese writing with a pencil brush, A. 2 Chronicle for printers, A . 3 Circulating medium, A . Clever house organ, A . 7 Color in the graphic arts . 96, 260, 718, 8 Color-section, The . Convention of the International Printing Pressmen’s Union . 7 Copyright reciprocity . 4 Courageous compositors wanted . 7 Cut-rate job printing . Die-cut printed novelties . . . 2 Do hens “set” or “sit”? . 7 “Down brakes” warning, A . 6 Economic value of printers’ specimens, The . Editing the copy . 1 Eight-hour legislation . Electrical equipment of the Government printing-office . 7 Employment bureau results . 8 HH® 1 sal H!?s“sHs?jas25???i;S5:-!hKS“?h2s!*!2K J: “sn-shs:!?! IK'Is.I VI INDEX. Proofroom — Continued. Logic or custom . Master printer on proofreading, A. Matter of personal choice, A . Need for new verbs . Oddity, An . Our bad college spelling . Plan of reading, A . Proofroom . 59, 222, 383, 54J Proving in colors . Questions . Rime versus rhyme . Spelling . Split infinitive justified. The . PAGE . 712 • 713 . . . . 850 . . . . 383 .... 223 • ■ • ■ 59 . . . . 659 .... 223 . . . . 384 . . . . 850 . . . . 223 Proofroom — Continued. Style in names of newspapers. Sunday scholars . Typographic form . Verb questioned, A . Who and whom . Whom and who . Type and Typefounding: Accented modern job type... European typefounders’ trust. Fallacy of tall types, The.... 384 713 713 850 548 Type and Typefounding — Continued. page Interpoint Braille types, The — A notable invention . 44, 198 Lining systems of American type- foundries, The . 526 Rumored typefounding combination in Europe . 680 Typefounders and typefounding in Amer- 383 577 666 Allison, Robert . 560 Lyman, Nathan . 254 Pelouze, Edward D . 879 Pelouze, Henry L . 416 Pelouze, Wm. S . 95 INDEX TO ADVERTISEMENTS. Acme Compound Co. . 159, 319 623 Acme Staple Co . 20, 308, 350 Advertising World . 43c American Embossing Co . American Paper Feeder Co . 147 350, 495. 758 American Steel & Copper Plate Co 318, 478, 622 American Type Founders Co . 72 290, 291, 306, 351, 504 Anderson, C. F., & Co . 25, 310 Andrews & Pittman Mfg. Co . 276 Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe Ry. Atlas Electrotype Co . 158, 318 622 Ault & Wiborg Co . 8, 163, 323 Babcock Ptg. Press Mfg. Co . 332, 49 Barnes-Crosby Co . 153, 281, 44 Barnhart Bros. & Spindler. . . .9, 17 49 M, 28 Bauman & Dusenberry . Beck, Chas., Paper Co . 114, 14 443. 49 Bennett-Thomas Mfg. Co . 14 Berlin Ink & Color Co . Big Four Route . Bingham’s, Sam’l, Son, Mfg. Co.. 18 Bissell College of Photoengraving. 183, 440, 59 Black-Clawson Co . 158, 318, 47 Blackhall Mfg. Co . 278, 43 Blatchford, E. W., & Co . 159, 31 62 Blomgren Bros. & Co . Bonnerwith Bros . 114, 159, 31 Booton, C. H., Co . British Printer . 152, 31 Brown Folding Machine Co.. _ .1 334, 5i Buffalo Printing Ink Works . 13. 467, 49 Burrage, Robt. R . 1 18, 280, 44 Business Directory •.... 145, 286, 44 Butler, J. W., Paper Co . 1, 16 Buxton & Skinner Stationery Co. Cabot, Godfrey L . 158, 318, 47 Campbell Co.... 4-5, 168-169, 324-325, 628-629, Carver, C. R., Co . 150, 186, 456, Challenge Machinery Co.... 142, 19 351, 505, 64 Chambers Bros. Co . 30, 177, 33 Champion Coated Paper Co... 12, 29 Chicago & North-Western Ry . 155 477. 620 Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul Ry. 316, 476, 621 Chicago Roller Co . 139, 309 Child Acme Cutter & Press Co.... 27 346, 502 Clark Paper & Mfg. Co . Cleland Chemical Co . 117, 280 593. Coes, Loring, & Co... .131, 289, 457, Consolidated Press Clipping Co, Cottrell, C. B., & Sons Co . 347, 596 Coy Printing Press Co . 27, 114 352, Crawley Book Machinery Co. . Dexter, C. H., & Sons.. 280, 448, Dexter Folder Co . 22, 184, 452, 5c 644-645, ; Dick, Rev. Robert, Estate. .. 121, Dinse, Page & Co . 32, 297, Dixon, Jos., Crucible C0....118, 282 Eastman Kodak Co . Electric City Engraving Co . n, 185 345, 499, 649 Electro-Tint Engraving Co . Elliott Co . Fairbanks Co . .' . 2 Farmer, A. D., & Son . 1 Foyer Process Co . 152, 297, 4 Franklin Engraving & Electrotyping 192, 6 Freund, Wm., & Sons . 139, 315, 474 Gatchel & Manning . Gerber, Henry, Co . . Gibbs-Brower Co . 442, 603, 752 Gilbert, Harris & Co . 137, 309 Gill Engraving Co . Globe Engraving & Electrotype Co . . 298, 454, 500, 638 Glueine Mfg. Co . 117 Godfrey & Co . 158, 318, 478, 622, 782 Goes Lithographing Co....... 13, 162, 330 483, 641 Goldsmith-Leving Co . Goodrich, Jas. E., Co . Gordon Press Brake Co . 119 Goss Printing Press Co . 326-327 Great Western Smelting & Refining Co 159, 479 Hamilton Mfg. Co . 31, 191, 349, 511 Harris Automatic Press Co . . 159, 319, 440 615, 639 Hellmuth, Charles . 150, 190, 469, 509 647 Higgins, Chas. M., & Co . 118, 281, 440 59°, 594 Hoke Engraving Plate Co . Hollingsworth, Sam’l... 158, 318, 478, 622 Hollister Bros . 117, 280 Illustro Engraving Co . Indiana Chemical Co . Inland Type Foundry. ..128, 288, . Inland- Walton Engraving Co . 471, 608 Jaenecke Printing Ink -Co . Japan Paper Co... 152, 352, 590, 618, Jenney Electric Mfg. Co . 26, 170, 509, 633 Johnson, Chas. Eneu, & Co . Juergens Bros. Co . 121, 315, 451, 615 647 Kast & Ehinger . 150, 190, 469, 509 Keith Paper Co . Keystone Blue Paper Co . 159 Keystone Type Foundry . 16, 336, 640 Kramer Web Co . Krause, Karl . 479, 623, 783 Latham Machinery Co . 126, 311, 344, 613, 768, 933 Lawrence & Lohr . 933 Levey, Fred’k H., Co . Covers Lindenmeyr, Henry, & Sons . Covers Little, A. P . 155, 314, 472, 593, 746, 924 Lloyd, Geo. E., & Co . 150, 296, 466 Lynchard Quoin Co . 743, McMillan, Harry W . Macey, Fred, Co . Macey-Wernicke Co . Marlatt, Geo. E . 439 Marshall Mfg. Co . Martenson, L., & Co . 158, 318 622 Martini Book Sewing Machine. . Mayer, J. IT . Mayer, Robert, & Co . 340, 60* Megill, Edw. L . 139, 315, 474 Mergenthaler Linotype Co... 124, 176 Merriam, G. & C., Co . Michigan Central R. R . 154, 312 Midland Glue Co.. 117, 280, 439, 59; Miehle Ptg. Press & Mfg. Co. . Miller College of Art . Mittag & Volger . 159, 319, 479 Mittineague Paper Co... 32, 192, 464 Mohaupt Bros . Monasch Lithographing Co . Monon Route . Monotype . 8, 168, 328, 488 Morrison, J. L., C0....121, 276, 31. 618 Moses, Lionel.. . 119, 281, Vol. XXXIII. No. 1 APRIL, 1904 Price. 25 Cents Henry Lindenmeyr <5 Sons DELUXE COVERS A jftebv Line o_f she rich colors . The latest addition to our stock, com* prising the best and largest assort* ment of paper of every description. PROMPT SHIPMENTS. Paper Warehouses 32 to 36 Bleecker Street 20 Beekman Street New York fioipok*. mass.. IS.S.fl. -V.U„ P.p.r C. zssntss&-u~ Holyoke, Mass., U. S. A. WROE & BIGELOW, 1 106-7 ! BEST VALUE PAPER OLD VERMONT BOND has that appearance of richness, ele¬ gance and solidity attained only in the highest grade papers, but costs considerable less. WHITE AND BLUE. Regular and Cloth Finish. Envelopes to Match. U N I ON^VtC O. 2/ ‘Beekma.n^Stv.e.e.t.oA New ork SEND FOR OUR NEW BOOK OF Samples of Specialties in COVER PAPERS Made in three styles, in twenty-four colors, in zi x 33, 60 and 80 lb. These papers are made only by ourselves VELLUM and SATIN TINTS In fifteen colors, 21x33. 60 and 80 lb. ONION SKIN BOND HALF-TONE WRITING In 17x22. 19x24 and 17x28 Keith Paper Co. AND And after dreams of horror comes again The welcome morn with its rays of peace ★ ★ ★ * * ★ ★ ★ -Bryant As far as the East is from the West So far are Butler Brands the Best VoxPopuli 1-1 2 THE INLAND PRINTER The Simplex 1 One-Man " Type Setter “SCRATCH GRAVEL” Pay-roll makes you “ scratch gravel ” Saturdays, does it ? Well, it is your own fault, when the SIMPLEX would help you out. By doing more work on a smaller pay-roll. And our terms make it easy to get this help. Hundreds of publishers have used the SIMPLEX to escape the drudgery and expense of hand compo¬ sition. Let us tell you how easily you can do it. The Unitype Company 148-156 Sands Street, BROOKLYN 410 Sansome Street, SAN FRANCISCO 200 Monroe Street, CHICAGO THE INLAND PRINTER 3 years l and ly, in the of trade, ortunity \g him- whole rocess and by cement bot of , first a p. ’ss in bby, and to print fter ^e ot •- j m an memorable, and the want of any memo¬ rial at Oxford. SPECIALPRICES ON OLD HAMPSHIRE BOND [Special Uncensored Dispatch to The Inland Printer.J South Hadley Falls, April i, 1904. — There aren’t any special prices on Old Hampshire Bond, either paper or envel¬ opes. List prices rule absolutely. FIFTEENTH CENTURY PRINT1’ logne in that he continu 14S5, b longer w learn It he hac one T1 an En howevi be, the curios a b bu QxF is said ;stc t> 4 THE INLAND PRINTER The Century The Century earns more than any other press The Century THE INLAND PRINTER 5 The Century AND THIS IS WHY It can be run at the highest rate of speed and yet produce the highest quality of output. It thoroughly digests and super-digests the ink before it reaches the ink-plate, and so insures the most perfect color with the least expenditure of ink. It “makes ready” easily and quickly, and when once “made ready "stays “made ready.” It combines structural rigidity with impressional delicacy, and its run has never to be stopped in order to make readjustments. Finally, it has been designed from the standpoint of the most advanced Twentieth Century mechanical science, and attains perfection by means of a number of original and ingenious mechanical devices, which are patented and peculiar to itself. THE CAMPBELL COMPANY HENRY A. WISE WOOD, President i Madison Avenue a 334 Dearborn Street NEWYORK CHICAGO 189 Fleet Street, LONDON, E. C. The Century 6 THE INLAND PRINTER The Story" if 5,000 per Hour^ N 1896 we commenced business in the building shown in the upper right-hand corner of this advertisement — a part of the house in which the late President Wm. McKinley was born. It was factory, warehouse and office in one, and our whole force, officers and employes, is shown in the illustration. The Little Wonder Press shown in the upper left-hand corner was our sole manufacture. We started in to feed separate pieces of stock, and to guarantee 5,000 per hour. We guaranteed no more, not because we could not print faster, but because that was all the printer of that day would believe. If we had told him all our press would do at first he would have thought we were lying. Our little improvised factory has grown to a strictly modern plant, with twenty-five thousand square feet of floor space. Our force has increased to about two hundred, in all departments. We now make thirty-two different sizes and styles of presses. We hear that our name is favorably known to printers all over the world. 5,000 PER HOUR GOOD WORK ALWAYS AUTOMATIC Always feeding separate sheets or pieces of stock, never continuous roll or web. ALWAYS GUARANTEED These are the main factors in this growth. We have developed by helping printers to make money IF YOU ARE INTERESTED, ADDRESS THE HARRIS AUTOMATIC PRESS CO. CHICAGO — Old Colony Building NILES, OHIO NEW YORK — 26 Cortlandt Street For machines in countries other than the United States and Canada, address the Anglo-American Inventions Syndicate, Ltd., 19 Cursitor Street, Chancery Lane, London, E. C., England. THE INLAND PRINTER 7 The Only Cutter Built with an INDEPENDENT AUTOMATIC CLAMP. Cuts as accurately as a Hand Clamp. Our latest efforts will no doubt be appreciated by many users of cutting machines, who have long felt the necessity of a fast Automatic Clamping Paper Cutter which would be both practical and reliable for the finest and most accurate work, and at the same time have sufficient weight and strength to withstand the strain of modern demands. THE IMPROVED HOLYOKE WILL EASILY FULFIL EVERY REQUIREMENT. Built in sizes 34, 38, 44, 48, 54, 64, 74 and 84 inches. THE SEYBOLD MACHINE CO. Main Office and Factory . . . DAYTON, OHIO, U. S. A. NEW YORK CHICAGO BERLIN LONDON Manufacturers of high-grade Machines for Bookbinders. Printers, Lithographers, Paper Mills, Paper Houses, etc. Southern Agents— J. H. SCHROETER & BRO., Atlanta, Ga. THE J. L. MORRISON CO., Toronto, Can. the Seybold Improved lyolyoke Cutter THE INLAND PRINTER THE AULT £y WIBORG CO. Makers of Letterpress, Steelplate, Copperplate and Lithographic Inks Dry Colors, Varnishes, Oils and Dryers. Importers of Lithographic Stones, Supplies and Bronzes. CINCINNATI, NEW YORK, CHICAGO ST. LOUIS, TORONTO, LONDON THE MONOTYPE WiM #ne iFlonotppe can Uo HE specimens of Monotyped work by The F. A. Bassette Company of Springfield, Massachusetts, are inter esting as showing the scope of work which may be safely undertaken by the possessor of a single Monotype. There is almost no class of composi tion this most versatile machine will not do better than it could be done by hand. (J]Mhe benefits given by the Mono tytpe are not confined to a saving in first cost of composition, though in this respect it leads all other median ical compositors. It also saves a great deal in expense of press make-ready; it largely reduces an office’s outlay for foundry type ; it gives new type equal ing the best foundry product, for which reason work printed from the type it casts and sets is always of the first quality and commands the very highest prices. WOOD & NATHAN CO Sole Selling Agents: i Madison Av. New York HADWEN SWAIN MFG. CO. Representative for Pacific Coast SAN FRANCISCO, CAL. W. P. GUNTHORP, JR. Chicago Representative 334 DEARBORN ST., CHICAGO, ILL. 48 TECHNIQUE Vol. XVIII !3lfi*cb 6bgar Burton IR ISAAC NEWTON, IT IS SAID, WAS SO MUCH MORE MASTER OF SCIENCE THAN COMMON SENSE THAT HE MADE A BIG HOLE IN THE WALL FOR HIS CAT TO GO THROUGH, AND A LITTLE ONE for the kitten. Whatever the truth of this story may be, it is certain that a scientific bent of mind too often crowds out the complementary characteristic — the ability to manage the commonplace problems of life. 1 When a man knows by experience the trials and troub- I les of a young engineer, and also possesses the tact, patience, and personal ability to handle every-day affairs, he is fitted to be dean of a large technical school; and that is why Alfred Edgar Burton was, in 1902, made the first dean of the Massachusetts Insti¬ tute of Technology. Dean Burton was born in Portland, Maine, in 1857. His father was a wholesale flour merchant, and afterwards treasurer of the Maine Savings Bank On the father’s side the family were English and settled in Virginia in Colonial times. His great-grandfather, who was a farmer, fought in the Revolution, and at the close of the war came to Gorham, Maine. On the mother’s side, the earliest ancestor in this country was a French Huguenot refugee, who settled at North Yarmouth, Maine. He was killed by the Indians. During Burton’s boyhood the family lived on Munjoy Hill in Portland. After a short session at a private school, he attended the North Grammar School, and then the Portland High School. He graduated from the High School class of 1874, and entered Bowdoin College the same year, taking the examinations for the engineering department, which had been established in 1871, under the direction of George L. Vose, afterwards Hayward Professor of Topographical and Civil Engineer¬ ing at the Institute. The engineering department at Bowdoin con¬ tinued in existence for ten years, and during that time there have been some twenty-five or thirty graduates. Perhaps the best known in Portland. MONOTYPED BY THE F. A. BASSETTE COMPANY SPRINGFIELD: MASSACHUSETTS 19 0 4 355 TECHNIQUE Name and Society Stevenson, Henry J. Stevenson, Lucy Marion Stewart, Donald Argyle J )' Stickney, William, A.B. Stiles, Harry Allard Stoddard, Ava Marcella Stoddard, Edna Dwinel Stoddard, Robert Kilburn Stone, Ida Stratton, George Eben Streeter, Harold Warner Stresau, Richard Strickland, Sidney Talbot J Y Strong, Homer David Sullivan, Patrick Joseph Sumner, Warren Ellis Sutherland, Clarence Hale 6 X Sutton, David, B.S. Swanson, Grace Marie Sweet, Arthur Jeremiah, A.B. <1> /' Sweetser, Albert Edson Sweetser, Harold Ricketson Sweetser, Philip Starr Swenson, Omer Stephen A J <1> Swett, George Wright Sykes, Roy Ainsworth Talbot, Arthur Wilbur Tarr, Forace Austin Tarbett, Ralph Edwin Taylor, Allyn Chandler Taylor, DeWitt McClure Taylor, Floyd Thomas Taylor, Robert E, Lee, B.A. J >i Taylor, Winfred Albert very ink made with it prints perfectly fwith a black brilliant impression. ead these letters from representative ink makers. ook at the printing in this paper, - ^ the ink used was made with it. very ink maker should use it •for litho and halftone inks. ufficient for trial I sent free. New York, March 3, 1898. We supply the Black Ink used by the “ Inland Printer ” For their letterpress and half-tone work, and this Ink is made with your Peerless Black, experi¬ ence having taught us that no other Black will give so good a result in fine letterpress and half-tone inks. We have purchased Peerless Black for many years, and that we continue to use it is a proof that we consider it a Black of exceptional merit. Yours very truly. JAENECKE BROS, & FR.SCHNEEMAN. London. January If, 1897 We have used your PEERLESS CARBON BLACK for the last thirteen years tor making the fine Black Ink we supply to the “ British Printer " and with which that Journal prints its fine Letterpress and Process work. We think' we were the first in Eng- land to use your Black, and we consider that we, in a sense “discovered” it. We have much pleasure in adding that it has always been very reliable and continues to give us the greatest iati®> faction. We are. dear sirs. Yours .faithfully. MANDER BROS. Philadelphia, August 9, 1902. Referring to yours of the 6th. we find the Peerless Black fully maintaining CHAS. ENEU JOHNSON Ob CO. amples, prices, etc. can be | obtained from:- GUARANTEE^j^OYi PMi^QOAL/rr Made by The Peerless Carbon BlackCo., Pittsburg, Pa. Sole Agents; Binney fit Smith Co. NEW YORK LONDON PARIS HAMBURG 81-83 FULTON ST. 63 FARRI NGDON ST. 15 RUE ELZEVIR. 55*57 NEUERWALL. 16 THE INLAND PRINTER CALENDARS 1905 NEW PAYNE PROCESS HE great novelty in the Calendar line for 1 905 is the New Payne Process Calendar. This Calendar marks the most radical departure from regular lines we have ever known. Nothing could be more novel, unique and attractive. We have been fortunate in securing the sole agency for these Calendars for the United States, and all orders, except for the sample line, must be sent through us. A part of the sample line is now ready, and may be procured at once. The balance will be mailed as fast as completed. A charge of $ 1 .00, without rebate, was to have been made for these samples, but we have been able to make such arrangements with the manufacturers that you can procure the entire sample line free of charge. Write The Payne Process Co., South Haven, Mich., for particulars concerning the samples. J. W. BUTLER PAPER CO. 212-218 MONROE STREET, CHICAGO, ILL. THE KEYSTONE TYPE FOUNDRY 9th and Spruce Streets, Philadelphia THE HOME OF N ICKEL-ALL® Y» UNIVERSAL LINE TYPE, BORDERS AN® ORNAMENTS PARAGON PAPER CUTTERS, PARAGON RULING MACHINES, ETC. . . . . . . in . min . hiiiiiiiiiiii . in . mi . . . mm . . Discount on KEYSTONE TYPE 15 °l° and 21° for Cash Keystone Type, cast of our Nickel- Alloy Metal, on Universal Line and Point Set, is absolutely reliable in quality, modern and artistic in style, and embodies the greatest value to the buyer. Delivery F. O. B. at Destination CI.We now deliver F.O.B. at destination our Type, Brass Rules, Borders, Ornaments, Leads, Slugs, All-Brass Galleys, and the smaller and lighter classes of printing material when ordered to the amount of not less than $20.00 net, at one time. On foreign shipments, we deliver only F.O.B. at seaport or boundary line. C.We do not deliver Presses, Paper Cutters and other machinery, or machines weighing over fifty pounds, nor Imposing Stones, Cabinets, Cases, Stands, or other bulky wood goods. A complete list of all goods upon which we pay freight will be sent upon request. CWe do not pay the charges upon express shipments, but to accom¬ modate customers desiring to save time by having their goods sent by express, we will allow on orders of not less than $20.00 net, that part of the express charges equal to what the freight would be had the shipment been made that way. C,By delivering Free on Board at Destination orders . amounting to not less than $20.00 net, we are placing Keystone Type and Material in the hands of printers and publishers throughout the country at the lowest cost to them, and at the same time enabling them to deal directly with our main house in Philadelphia, our New York House, or any of our several Agents, without being compelled to pay the heavy freight charges as heretofore. Keystone Type Foundry Ninth and Spruce Streets : Philadelphia April 1, 1904 DISPLAY IN POWELL (SEE NEXT PAGE) 10-POINT CARDINAL. BOR DE RS , 24-PO I NT STIPPLE TINT NO. 1‘ 3 6-POINT NO. 1i niiiiiiiiiinniiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiimiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiniiiiiiiimmr . . ill . . . . . mi . . . mini . iiiiih . . . . u Powell Series An advance showing of this splendid series. A face that is neither too light nor too heavy, neither too wide nor too thin — but just right. A lefier that looks well any¬ where. Made of the famous 14-Point, 18-Point, 8 A. 14 a. 3.25 24-Point, 5 A. 10 a. 3.50 30-Point. 4 A. 8 a. 4.25 36-Point, 3 A. 6 a. 5.25 42-Point, 3 A. 6 a. 6.75 48-Point, 3 A. 5a. 7.75 60-Point, 3 A. 4 a. 10.50 72-Point. 3 A. 4 a. 13.50 by the small gothic figures beside the type. Nickel-Alloy Metal On Universal Line THE POWELL AUXILIARIES The and of ft dt e $ Put up in fonts at the following prices : 6 to 14-pt. inc. $ .50 each 18 to 30-pt. inc. .60 each 36 to 42-pt. inc. .75 each 48 to 72-pt. inc. 1.00 each We now have ready for de¬ livery the 18, 24, 30, 36, 42 and 48-point sizes and will have the 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 80 and 72-point sizes about the middle of the present month. Keystone Type Foundry chIcago K Philadelphia, U. S. A. m= . . . . . . mu . . . limn . in . mi . . . . THE INLAND PRINTER 17 THE LATEST Quadruple 16 Book Folder Double Thirty-two All folds are at right angles. All “buckling” is relieved. MADE BY BROWN FOLDING MACHINE CO. ERIE, PA. NEW YORK-H. L. Egbert & Co., 23 New Chambers Street. AGENCIES CHICAGO — Champlin & Smith, 304 Dearborn Street. 1-2 LONDON— W.C. Horne & Sons, S Torren Street, City Road. 18 THE INLAND PRINTER THE INLAND PRINTER 19 X$>e Fuchs CBb Lang Mfg. Co. 29 Warren Street 328 Dearborn Street 150 N. Fourth Street 6 Bouverie Street Factory Machine Works Foundry NEW YORK CHICAGO PHILADELPHIA LONDON, ENG. BROOKLYN RUTHERFORD, N.J. RUTHERFORD, N.J. ^MACHINERY AND SUPPLIES - - — - -FOR - - - - LITHOGRAPHERS AND PRINTERS Owners ot EMMERICH C& VONDERLEHRj> ^/MACHINERY BRONZING MACHINES Century Model POINTS OF ADVANTAGE — Large Cylinder (26 inches diameter); Vibrating Pad Frame; Vibrating Dusting Rolls; no shelves for bronze to settle upon; a Worm Conveyor carries waste bronze out of machine. The finest Bronzing Machine ever constructed. WE WARN THE TRADE AGAINST INFRINGEMENTS Bronzing Machines Bronze Sifting Machines Coating and Varnishing Ink Mills Embossing Machines Dusting Machines Litho. Tin Presses Machines for Metal Color Mixers Calendering Machines Tin Bronzing Machines Tin Cleaning Machines Stone Planers Ruling Machines Engraved Steel Rolls Magnesiaing Machines Litho. Hand Presses Stone Grinders Reducing Machines Paper Rolls 20 THE INLAND PRINTER Reliance Can also be placed in all grades of our Paper, Cardboards, Box- boards, Printing Machinery, Printing Inks, and everything connected with the Paper and Printing Trades. E THE EXPORT AGENTS FOR American Writing Paper Co. The Duncan Company Geo. W. Wheelwright Paper Co. Imperial Paper IMills of Canada, Ltd. AND OTHERS. Before placing your orders, write for samples and quotations, and see what we can do for you. PARSONS BROTHERS, PAPER MERCHANTS AND EXPORTERS 257 Broadway, NEW YORK CITY Cable Address: " Parsobros," New York. 171 ^UECableI CUTS RAPIDLY AND ACCURATELY AND NOISELESS IN OPERATION THE STANDARD MACHINERY COMP’Y — — — Main Office and Works — — — ■ — MYSTIC, CONNECTICUT ALWAYS THE BEST Okie’s 40c. Cut Black You have no doubt heard of the superiority of Okie Inks, used by all the leading printers of the world. We carry three grades of this ink always in stock, which enables us to meet the most exacting demands. We manufacture every ink used in the art. This page is a specimen and speaks for itself. F. E. OKIE CO. KENTON PLACE PHILADELPHIA, PA., U. S. A. PRINTED ON IRWIN N. N1EGARGEE CO.'S “SNOW-1 I ITE lM EL" THE INLAND PRINTER 25 Write for Circulars, Prices and Terms. AMERICA IS NOT LARGE ENOUGH TO HOLD AMERICAN PRINTING INVENTIONS These find a ready sale on the British market, which presents a field as remunerative as it is world-wide. Walker Bros, have absolutely unrivaled facilities for placing well-tested inventions on the British market, and are open to take up sole agencies for approved lines. > - < UTtjr Untislj Jftarfcrt WALKER BROS., of Bouverie Street, London, are known throughout British printerdom as the suppliers of everything, from a bodkin to a mammoth news press. Their staff of representatives moves in the best trade circles, and by them Great Britain and Ireland is systematically worked. Walker Bros.’ house circular, “ The Printers' Engineer ,” mailed gratis monthly to every known printer in the British Empire, is not only read but kept for reference. It is questionable if any house in the world has better means of reaching the trade at home and abroad. WALKER BROS. Printers* Engineers and Sundriesmen 51 BOUVERIE STREET, E. C., LONDON, ENGLAND CORRESPONDENCE INVITED C. F. ANDERSON Lr CO. | Formerly CENTRAL MACHINE WORKS~| 327-329 DEARBORN STREET, CHICAGO. The Anderson Bundling Press.. 26 THE INLAND PRINTER “A stitch in time saves nine” and JENNEY MOTORS installed now will save many future breakdowns, repair bills and overgrown power expense items, to say nothing of delays, worries and inconveniences. We are specialists and pioneers in building motors Jenney Electric Mfg. Co. Chicago Office Indianapolis, Ind. St. Louis Office 1501 Fisher Building 404 Benoist Building Jenney Motor attached to Wire Stitcher FOR PRINTERS & ENGRAVERS TF you could see our 1 motors in operation you would under¬ stand why we excel the other fellow. Why not send for photos of our motors attached to such machines as you are using? Bissell College of Photo-Engraving L. H. BISSELL, President, conducted with the Illinois College of Photography. One and Two Years Courses. Finest equipped plant in the world for teaching PHOTO-ENGRAVING in all of its branches ; in charge of thoroughly skilled instructors. Full particulars as to rates for short courses, lodging for students, etc., on application to the President. BISSELL COLLEGE OF PHOTO - ENGRAVING 851 Wabash Ave., Effingham, Ill. THE INLAND PRINTER 27 Great successes are reached via special lines. Some firms make Counter Checks by the carload THE COY ROTARY IS THE ONLY WEB PRESS ON THE MARKET THAT CAN MAKE AND NUMBER COUNTER CHECKS The demand for which is constantly growing. This machine can pay for itself in one year. THE COY PRINTING PRESS CO., 107 SOUTH SANGAMON STREET, CHICAGO New Acme Automatic Clamping Cutters n 34 inch , 38 inch , , 46 inch & 30 inch . SELF, HAND and FOOT CLAMP In Combination Inside Gear, Flush Box Frames, Crank Motion, Cut Gears and Steel Shafts The Child Acme Cutter & Press Co. 33-35-37 Kemble Street, BOSTON, MASS. 41 Park Row, - - NEW YORK, N. Y. St. Louis Printers’ Supply Co., 211 N. Third St., St. Louis Miller & Richard, - - 7 Jordan St., Toronto, Canada G. E. Sanborn & Co., . Chicago 225 Washington St., Buffalo, N. Y. - 661 Rose Bldg., Cleveland, Ohio Co., - - - San Francisco, Cal. . Cincinnati, Ohio THE INLAND PRINTER We are not printers. Our Business is making plates for letter-press printing— any kind— any style— any quality— for any purpose— illustrative or advertising. Design, draw, etch or engrave, nickle or electrotype them. There are many methods. We operate them all— under one roof— a separate depart¬ ment for each— a capable management for each. We have the facilities and skill to produce anything required in our line. We are always pleased to quote prices and furnish samples. Pinor engraving & pn ULUDL ELECTROTYPE UU. 40 7 to 427 DEARBORN ST., (near Polk) CHICAGO, ILL. TELEPHONES 438 and 3088 HARRISON Consolidation of GEO. H. BENEDICT &. CO. The GLOBE ELECTROTYPE CO. m i - THE INLAND PRINTER 29 30 THE INLAND PRINTER These Three Men Ought to Know. HERE IS WHAT THEY SAY ABOUT The King Paper Feeder Mr. KNAPP, President of the American Lithographic Co.: “Chambers, we were building in our mechanical department a paper-feeder of our own, and we consider it a good one. But after using the one you have supplied, I have told our mechanical engineer to lay ours aside. There’s no need for it.” Mr. GEORGE F. LASHER, General Printer, Philadelphia: “I would not give our King Feeder, made by Chambers Brothers Co., for any other two feeders in the place.” Mr. CHAS. R. GRAHAM, Vice-President Historical Publishing Co., Philadelphia: “Chambers, your folder and feeder is a very fine combination. The sheet you are handling now is one that our other feeders won’t feed.” Does anything further need to be said to get you to look into the possibilities of the King Feeder ? CHAMBERS BROTHERS COMPANY FIFTY-SECOND ST., below Lancaster Ave., PHILADELPHIA, PA. THE INLAND PRINTER 31 MODERN PRINTERS’ FURNITURE THE WISCONSIN IMPOSING STONE FRAME FITTED WITH BLANK CASES, CHASE RACKS AND DRAWERS FOR METAL FURNITURE THIS will be found a most useful frame, containing as it does racks for large sizes of chases, something not found in any other of the modern stone frames. We furnish this frame with plain blank cases as shown in the illustration, or with Indexed Electrotype Cases. On one side of this frame there are twenty-eight cases, size inside 15 x 26 inches. These cases are arranged in two tiers, fourteen cases in each tier. On the other side are chase racks, as follows : Nine Compartments, size, 26x18 Nine Compartments, “ 14x18 Nine Compartments, “ 11^x15 At the top are two drawers, running through the frame, and they can be drawn from either side. These are for quoins, tools, furniture, etc. The bottoms of Chase Racks are covered with heavy sheet iron, turned at front edge and securely fastened, thus preventing injury to the frame by the iron chases when pushed into place. Weight, crated for shipment, 1,100 lbs., including stone. PRICE With 28 blank cases as shown, $95 With 28 Indexed Electrotype Cases and full equipment of division strips and Index Book $105 Subject to usual discount. SPECIAL FRAMES MADE TO ORDER. Prices and sketches furnished on application. Manufactured Exclusively by A valuable Line Gauge mailed will write for it. THE HAMILTON MFQ. CO. MAIN OFFICE AND FACTORY EASTERN OFFICE AND WAREHOUSE TWO RIVERS, WIS. MIDDLETOWN, N.Y. Our goods are for sale and carried in stock by all first-class Dealers in Printers’ Supplies in the United States, Canada, England, France, Germany, Australia, South Africa, Mexico and South America. ASK FOR HAMILTON GOODS — IT PAYS TO GET THE BEST 32 THE INLAND PRINTER FULL EQUIPMENTS OF THE LATEST AND MOST IMPROVED Roller=Making Machinery FURNISHED JAMES ROWE 241=247 South Jefferson Street CHICAGO, ILL. Printing Machinery Company, Ltd. European Agents 15 Tudor St. London, E. C., Eng. Rapid JVork Our Motto DINSE, PAGE & CO. Electrotypers - ■ : AND . - ; Stereotypers 196 South Clark St, Chicago Telephone, Central No. 1216 Cover and Book Papers TRADE MARK JAMES WHITE ■ ON THE TABLE WAS A HEAP OF BRIGHT NEW TYPE. 36 THE INLAND PRINTER “ IN THE FIRE OF THE SUNSET, WITH THE SECRET BETWEEN THEM.” Christina looked down. “ Might I come and help thee ? ” she said quietly. “ I should like that above all things, yet I doubt if Meinherr would permit. Come when thou canst, with¬ out their notice.” So Christina went out, and Peter stood in the door¬ way and called Johann with a voice that ill befitted a mere apprentice, so exultant it was. “ Ho, master,” he cried, “ I will stay within for some few days. I have work to do. Bid the Fraulein bring meat in season.” Then the door closed, the bolt slid home, and the work began. First he ground down the end of one of the rods, making it square and true, and sizing it to the types then being cut outside. This he annealed in the charcoal fire, and when it had cooled soft, he set to work with the gravers. It was slow, and seemed the more difficult from his having so recently worked in pewter, but at last he managed to form an acceptable letter. Peter had little patience with the flourishes by which Herr Fust set so much store, and now still less did he love them, since they were so hard to cut. Then, very cautiously, letting the heat slide into the punch from a pair of heated tongs, he tempered the metal. Having made his punch, he set about finding the best way to use it ; but that was comparatively simple. The brass worked easily, after his struggle with the his face. He slid the bolt, drove it home, and with¬ drew it again. He seized her hand. In the brass of the inlay was the clear-cut intaglio of the rough bird’s foot. •» & The impression of the bolt seemed to bewitch them both. They gazed at it, some new rapture welling up in their hearts. She stroked his hand, not knowing that she held it. The thing was so simple, yet not one of the searching minds in that house of wonder had conceived it. They two, having found it together, were drawn to each other as children who stumble upon unknown fields of delight. “ It can be done so,” they breathed, and they set to looking about the little workshop for materials. Peter had forgotten his shyness in the presence of his companion. Among the rubbish of former attempts they found some small steel rods and a quantity of brass intended for fittings for a press Johann had designed but never built. There was a little charcoal forge in the room, and Peter’s engraving tools. Noth¬ ing more seemed to be needed. Christina went back to the outer shop, returning for the tray when Peter had eaten his dinner. “ I will work here, with the door shut,” he said. “ It should not need long to make the thing. And thou wilt bring my food to me — I will let no one else in.” THE INLAND PRINTER 37 steel, and he was not much concerned with matters of exact proportion as yet. At last, making as sure as he could of the safety of his precious punch, he drove the thing. The mold looked clean. He filled it with wax, and the impres¬ sion came out as perfect as he could have desired. At that, being weary, and finding the light dim, he began to look about for more candles. There was none left. The last one flickering out, he noticed that the dawn was beginning to creep, chill and gray, through the dusty little panes of the window above the bench. His dinner of the day before, still untasted, was on the table. Then he remembered, rather dimly, that this was the second dawn. Came a vision of Christina, wistful and silent, following him with unquiet eyes. And so, leav¬ ing the matter and grasping nothing with his outworn brain, he stretched himself on the floor and slept. When Christina’s knock, demure yet determined, aroused him, the room was full of the gold of sunset. He drew the bolt. She came in, set down the tray, and turned to him. A strange wetness was in her eyes. He, unconscious of his haggard face and disordered garments, led her to the table, and, taking her hand, laid in it a bit of red wax. She carried the toil-stained hand that gave it to her lips, and they stood, silent still, in the fire of the sunset with the secret between them. # * Outside, Johann had chqckled cynically when the door had opened for the Fraulein. He himself had well-nigh battered it off its hinges during the last two “ JOHANN SCOWLED ELABORATELY AT THE FRAU.” days, and Peter had never heard him at all. But it was no part of his province to take care of Herr Fust’s daughter, and, even when she did not come out for hours in the evening, he said nothing. She was missed down-stairs, of course, but the women of the household dared not come up to inquire for her. So nobody minded till Herr Fust came home. And then, it being already late, he found a tearful spouse awaiting him, shoeless and with her hair frowzily braided, but very resolute, and clamant in her demand that her daughter be rescued from the villains above. Which, when he finally understood that the girl had not returned from taking the evening meal to Johann and Peter, he was. ready enough to set about. Of course, owing to the past record of that worthy, he thought only of Johann, and was correspondingly enraged at the idea of the man’s ingratitude. So angry was he, in fact, that Frau Fust was per¬ mitted to follow him up the stairs and into the main workshop. They paused and looked around in bewil¬ derment. Johann sat low down in his chair, his hands folded placidly, his eyes dwelling on his collection of Dutch block-prints that covered the wall, and a flick¬ ering smile on his lips. Frau Fust rushed at him, but stopped in confusion on seeing him so lonely and so calm. 38 THE INLAND PRINTER “ Where is Christina ? ” asked Meinherr in a husk)' voice. “ Quick, where is she ? ” Johann scowled elaborately at the Frau, and jerked his thumb toward Peter’s door. Frau Fust went down on her knees, praying volubly for her daughter’s soul. The goldsmith strode to the door, tried it, felt the bolt, and threw his weight against it, shouting. Nobody thought to listen for sounds from within. Herr Fust knocked frantically. The Frau seized Johann’s proof¬ ing mallet, and would have brought it to batter down the door, but Johann quietly took it from her and returned it to its place. “ If I might speak,” he said mildly, in a pause of the hammering, “ I would suggest that thou make the lad marry her.” Fust stared at him. “ Of course,” con¬ tinued Johann apologetically, “ I only suggest this. It’s — it’s what they made me do, as thou knowest.” At that there seemed to be some disturbance inside. Johann and the Frau crowded to the door. Meinherr tried it again. The bolt had been withdrawn. The door swung wide. They were greeted by odors of burning charcoal and stale wine. The good Moselle that had been part of Peter’s supper was running down the center of the floor, and Christina was in the act of feeding the pewter goblet that had contained it into the melting pot. Peter was just extracting a letter from a steaming mold. On the table was a heap of bright new type — more than all the apprentices had cut that day. For the rest, it is a matter of history and the parish record in Mentz. Written for The Inland Printer. THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE. BY F. HORACE TEALL. NO. VI. — THE GRAMMAR OF NOUNS AND PRONOUNS. NOUNS and pronouns are united for consideration because a pronoun is simply a word used instead of a noun, and therefore subject to the same grammat¬ ical laws. Not very much of, technical grammar is essential to enable one to use such words correctly, but a clear understanding of the conventional reasons for choice of one form for a certain connection, and of another in different connection, is the only sure basis of practice. It is because of this that so much has been said of grammar in these articles, which may render their best service by showing in contrast examples of correct and incorrect use. With nouns the only changes in form that we need consider are those which show plurality or possession. Grammar otherwise affects the other words associated with them, not the nouns themselves. Thus, the gen¬ der of a noun, which is often indicated by the form of the word, as by the addition of a syllable, is one of the matters which we may here neglect, because it is reasonably sure that all readers know that the pronoun of corresponding gender is always to be used. As a mere point toward completeness, however, it may be well here to give some grammatical definitions. A common noun is one that names any one of a number of similar things ; that is, it belongs in com¬ mon to each individual of a class. This covers all nouns that can not be included under the definition of a proper noun. Every word that names a material thing, whether the thing is simple or complex, one or a collection, or a quality, or anything known by the same name that is used of any similar thing, is a com¬ mon noun. Thus collective, abstract, concrete, and every other kind of significant names are common, although some grammarians have divided these sub¬ classes in ways that seem to separate them from com¬ mon nouns. The varying - grammatical phases of words are called their accidents, and the whole system of changes is called accidence. These names originally meant inflections, or variations in form, only ; but, many of the inflections having been disused, the names have been continued as applicable to the differences formerly indicated by varying forms of the words themselves, but now shown mainly by the association with other words. Accidence of the noun and of the pronoun includes person, number, gender, and case. Nouns are not changed to show person; that is, the same form of the noun is used in the first person (the speaker — a noun is seldom or never used without a pronoun in this person), the second (the one spoken to), or the third (the one spoken of). Personal pro¬ nouns vary in this respect, as I, you, he. Number is commonly shown by the form of the noun, the singular number being the name of one, and the plural (more than one) being that name with .y or es added, or some¬ times with a change of y to ies, or with a different change in some foreign words or words that keep their foreign form. Number in pronouns is shown by dif¬ ferent words, not mere inflections. Different genders, or words denoting sex, are also expressed largely by different words, but sometimes the feminine gender is merely an inflection of the masculine. The definition of case may be left for ■ statement when we consider the accidence of cases. This article can not cover more than number ; and even that, as, indeed, other matters, must be left partly to the text¬ books and dictionaries. These articles must be con¬ fined to points of importance to printers in doing their work, and person need not be treated further than the sentence dealing with it already given. Following is a group of sentences containing wrong plural forms, some of them being very common errors, some not so common : Take two cupsful of flour, and one of sugar. He accounted for all monies received by him. Eight Henries have sat on the throne of England. Her two son-in-laws might support her. Court-martials were held. Such crisises may occur. Summons were issued. The specimens belong to different genuses. The animateS can be seen plainly. THE INLAND PRINTER 39 Correct forms of the words that are wrong in these examples (which are taken from a book where they are said to have been found in books and papers) are cupfuls, moneys, Henrys, sons-in-law, courts-martial, crises, summonses, genera, animalcules. These do not include nearly all possible or even frequent errors, but they exemplify classes of words that are covered by rules so fixed and so elementary as to be included, without essential variation, in most grammar text-books. But the rules are commonly learned so early in school experience that they are often afterward forgotten. Therefore it may be useful here to state them anew, in the order of occurrence in our sentences. Words ending in -ful are derivative, not what is commonly understood as compound, and thus the first element in such a word becomes merely an element in a new word, not a distinct entity. A cupful is a meas¬ ure, with no reference to a cup as a cup, and a spoon¬ ful, a needleful, or any other such word is on the same footing, the plural form to be made in the regular way, by adding ^ at the end of the word. It is no more reasonable to speak of cupsful, spoonsful, etc., than it would be to talk of Sunsday instead of Sundays. In the sense of a number of cups, each full, the proper form would be “ cups full.” Plurals of words ending with y are made by chan¬ ging to ies, and words ending in ey simply have .? added. Some people have used the form “ monies,” and it is even given in the Standard Dictionary as per¬ missible; but it is simply an error. Who ever wrote of monkies instead of monkeys? Monies is no better than monkies. Proper names, in their 'unchanged sense, properly preserve their form unchanged in the plural ; thus, a number of persons named Henry may be called Henrys, and those named Mary are Marys. A good reason in the latter case is that the form distinguishes the persons from those named Marie. But when such names become common nouns, as for a henry as an electrical measure, they are subject to the changes of ordinary common nouns, and a number of such meas¬ ures are henries. Triple compounds like that in our next sentence are really not compounds in their nature, but only through convention, and the part that properly takes the sign of the plural is the distinctly naming part, as “son.” Thus we should say sons-in-law, not son-in- laws ; courts-martial, not court-martials, etc. As a rule foreign words used in English properly have their native plural forms, and some such words familiar to everybody have preserved their foreign plu¬ ral. Thus we speak of crises, not crisises. These are commonly recorded in the dictionaries. A summons is a message summoning its addressee, and more than one such message are summonses. Animalcules are often called animalculse, but only by those who ignorantly imagine that the singular form is a Latin word. ' fT , . . . Written for The Inland Printer. CUT-RATE JOB PRINTING. BY FREDERICK F. TURNER. A DESIRE to know how ten thousand 6 by 9 cir¬ culars or handbills, as they are known in some parts of the country, could be profitably printed for $1.50, and business cards and bill-heads at 40 cents per thousand, and the conditions under which the work was done, led the writer to accept a position for a few days in a large metropolitan cut-rate job office. The sun rays never penetrate the cramped quarters in a basement; artificial light is burned continually during business hours, and the air is stifling. Work commences at 7:30 a.m. ; quit at 6 p.m. — ten hours per day. Before I had donned my apron I was handed copy for a 6 by 9 circular, written on both sides of the sheet in very bad English — a perfect medley. As I was “ studying it out ” the foreman came over to my frame and fairly hissed in my ear: “ Cheap job! No time to lose! Set it in any old stuff! You’ll find lots of it around, and don’t change a line under any cir¬ cumstances ! ” I smiled secretly and started in, trying my best to decipher the matter as I went along. Although it has been my misfortune to have worked in many job offices not much better than this one, I never before had labored where the work of setting a job was fraught with so much displeasure and diffi¬ culty as here. One-half hour I was given to set it. Others had done so, I was informed, so must I. And be it said that I was anxious to at least equal the record. By spacing a twenty-four point line with eighteen-point quads and a six-point slug, and by resorting to other tricks of the trade of this character, I gained time. It is admitted that these are relics of barbarism in the printing trades, but there was no alternative here. There was in the office type — any old stuff — a-plenty, but material for spacing, such as quotation furniture, spaces, quads, leads and slugs, was at a premium. The job was finished in something like ship-shape manner in thirty-five minutes, five min¬ utes behind the allotted time, and I confidently looked for my discharge. Happily, however, there must have been something about it that appealed to the foreman, for I was immediately put on better work — such as it was. This presented an opportunity for observation, as I was not timed so minutely. The man who had the next frame to me, an old hand by his own confession, was given a 9 by 12 cir¬ cular to set. He was allowed, I believe, one hour to set it. Although he had the advantage of a thorough acquaintance with the office, he experienced the same difficulty as I, and judging by his discomfiture, it was apparent that uppermost in his mind was the holding of his position. The circular that he set is reproduced herewith in reduced form. It was “ railroaded ” to the press, afterward delivered to the customer and distrib¬ uted throughout the city as we see it. Probably some will say that a careless workman, in addition to lack of material, is responsible for the unkempt appearance 40 THE INLAND PRINTER of this job. As a matter of fact, the man was not care¬ less ; he was uneducated. He possessed only a super¬ ficial knowledge of the English language, and for this reason he should not have been allowed to set it. He obeyed instructions and set the job to the best of his ability. This gives an idea of the class of workmen employed in this cut-rate job office, also of the material with which the work is done. When a jobber is employed where he is pressed for time and harassed by lack of material, it is not unnat¬ ural that the quality of his work will suffer in conse- Retiring from Business Sale. As we are going out of the Dry Goods Business before January 1st. we are SEIjIjI$T Gr >out our entire stock, consisting of BET 4 FAHCY €OOBS, liA.MUS, MENS, OHILDBBNS and Infants Good* AT 40C. ON THE DOLLAR. You got a big oportunity to Safe more than 1|a by buying in our clearing out of STOCK SALE Ladies, Hens and Childrens Underwear Ladies White & Black Underskirts, Gowns, Chemises Skirts, Waists, Wrappers, Corsets, Gloves Stockings. Mens Shirts, Collars & Cuffs Handkerchiefs. Hose. Suspenders Childrens White and Golored Dresses, Short and Long Ribbon, Table Cloths, Notions and many other Articles too numerous to mentions, which you can buy for a little over nothing as the all stock amounting to MANY THOUSANDS OF DOLLARS MUST BE SOLD TILL JANUARY 1st, AND NOW IN THE TIME BEFORE HOLIDAYS TO BUY YOURS ARTICLES HERE AND SAVE MONEY AT m A Jj P 33 R M B RQS», DRY GOODS STORE. 849 BROADWAY A SAMPLE OF ‘‘ RUSH ” WORK. quence, and in such cases compositors have made the most inconceivable blunders imaginable in their anxiety to get a job finished. The jobbers here were so handi¬ capped by lack of material and time that they made but a slight pretense of justifying their work. It had become so habitual that it had actually become a stand¬ ing rule with the jobbers to leave a goodly portion of this work to the stone-hand. The language he employed when locking these forms would not look well in print. However, a basin of water containing strips of wet blotting-paper served to alleviate his “ sufferings ” somewhat. A strip of this placed along¬ side of a “ doubtful ” page was a good remedy for a balky form. In conversation with the proprietors of the office, some interesting facts were revealed. It was explained that, in order to meet competition, it was necessary to resort to rate-cutting. It was admitted that some of the work was done at well-nigh ruinous figures. Orders for circulars in less than ten thousand lots were charged for at the rate of 35 cents per thousand. When ordered by the ten thousand, sixteen 6 by 9 circulars- were locked together. The form when printed brought $24. The cost of the work, according to their own figures, was as follows : One-half hour’s composition on each circular at the rate of 20 cents per hour amounted to $1.60 ; proofreading and correcting of the whole usually brought composition up to $2.50; time allowed for locking-up was three hours, which, at 30* cents per hour, was 90 cents ; making ready, one hour, 30 cents ; feeding, at the rate of 15 cents per hour for twelve hours, $1.80 ; cost of paper and ink was figured,, as near as could be estimated, at 8 cents per thousand,, which amounted to $12.80; total, $18.30; balance,. $5.70. From this must be deducted rent, light, heat and power, benzine, rags, carfare in delivering, etc. In the face of these facts it is evident that this- plant is anything but a get-rich-quick concern. It is- very plain that cut-rate job printing does not ade¬ quately pay the proprietor. In this case they could scarcely believe their own figures, but “ guessed ” that what they lost on circulars they gained on bill-heads, statements and business cards. Although the cost of printing these was estimated on practically the same basis as are the circulars, more profit was made on these, it was said, because they were for the most part presswork. THE SCIENTIST HAD TOLD IT ALL. Many humorous stories are told of “green” reporters, in< the various press clubs of the*country, but often they are too- full of journalistic technicalities to be appreciated by those outside the profession. But one that ought to be clearly understood is told of a young man from Indiana, who came to New York city and secured a position on the American. It was his first attempt at reporting, and it was not found1 necessary to send him out of the office until nearly midnight, when the city editor learned that a famous British scientist had arrived on a belated steamer and was staying at the Hol¬ land House. “ Call on him to-night and get a good interview,” said the- city editor, and the new reporter started out with growing hopes. In about an hour he returned to the office and found a seat at a vacant desk. As he made no attempt to write, the city editor called him to his desk and asked : “ Where is your interview with Mr. A - ? ” “ I didn’t get it,” he replied, rather pertly. “ And why ? ” “ Well, he said he had told everything to the Herald reporter and had nothing more to say.” — Success. A POWERFUL FACTOR. I wish to say that The Inland Printer occupies a unique position in the world of letters, than which there is no more powerful factor in the uplift of the craft. Whether the printer is isolated or cosmopolitan, if his system is weak in the count¬ ing-room or mechanical department, he is sure to find some¬ thing in every issue of The Inland to set his thinking right. — F. W. Moore, Columbus, Ohio. KATASE TEMPLE, NEAR ENOSHIMA THE INLAND PRINTER 41 Written for The Inland Printer. DISPLAY COMPOSITION.* BY FREDERIC FLAGLER HELMER. I. — INTRODUCTORY : THE REASON FOR DISPLAY AND ITS FUNDAMENTALS. DISPLAY is not mere typographical fancy work. It is not a sort of trimming up of the job accord¬ ing to the printer’s whims. There is reason for it. There is need of it. It exists to-day because workers have felt instinctively that the devices they have used are good for the advancement of understanding and art, and though some useless and ridiculous things have been done in the name of display, it remains, per¬ haps, the most practical and promising craft there is. It is true, however, that we have treated this part of typography slightingly, as though it had no reason¬ able basis, and as if we could hardly expect to build up our work with any kind of assurance, believing its grounds to be so shifting and uncertain that results were haphazard at best. Yet display is founded upon the most obvious laws, which, if kept firmly in mind, will lead us certainly to successful composition. Not that perfection can be attained by rule, but that no work done with proper understanding need be bad. Display has definite things to accomplish and definite ways to carry the purpose out. In this introductory paper it may be allowable to take a brief review of the genealogy of display, that is, of its evolution, for it seems to be a development, not only of the art of printing, but, back of that, of the art of expression. We ought to consider this, lest we get tangled up in mere technical tricks and traditional expedients that have been more or less in use without any far-seeing purpose. As to the evolution of display, then, we understand that, in the first place, words were written down, not for their publication, but their preservation. The early manuscript was a memorandum, or a record. People passed on the folk tales and recitals of events from mouth to mouth. Memory was cultivated and relied upon save where one was so fortunate as to be able to refresh himself from clay cylinder, or papyrus, or skin, or paper. Those who had books, if books they may be called, knew them by heart, doubtless. We can imagine that they referred to them rather to assure themselves of elusive words or phrases than for first introduction to the matter. Looking at one of the old manuscripts penned without break between words or even between sentences, we have great pity for the man who would be compelled to work out his lesson or his story from it without previous knowledge — or a “ pony.” Reading a book for the first time was not an every¬ day experience. It was rather the event of a lifetime. Encountering literature so seldom in this “ preserved ” state, the ancient folk had patience with it ; so long as all the matter was there, it did not make much differ¬ ence how long they might take to get it out. But, * Copyright, 1904, The Inland Printer Company. naturally, after a time the amount of reading matter so increased that, to expedite the recognition of words, the letters were grouped together and marked off by dots or, as we do, by spaces. Eventually a fuller punc¬ tuation followed, for it was discovered that to preserve literature was not enough, but that the expression or the presentation of text in an easily understood manner was quite essential. Expression of thought by speech had attained high development among the orators of Athens and of Rome, with inflection and gesture and dramatic effect of great perfection, while written language seems to have been but the full notes of speeches, dead words, or better, sleeping forms of beauty, like the legendary enchanted princess, awaiting the lips of some worthy who could raise them into life. For it is quite as impossible for any one to conjure up at once a reali¬ zation of sense and beauty from the slow and painful reading of hard manuscript — which we know from the letters of certain people who write us — as for one to appreciate the thoughts of a stumbling, slow and monotonous lecturer. When printing began, it strictly imitated the manu¬ script. Then, printers who had movable types essayed to play with them a little, putting them occasionally into geometrical or regular forms for the sake of fancy. At the same time the title-page was attempted, with a breaking of lines not always consistent with the sense ; a spacing out, sometimes to weakness, to obviate the lack of quads, and the use of different sizes of letters, together with some ornaments. This new way of arrangement, different from the regular block form still preserved in our text pages, started the movement toward display — in fact, it was elementary display. Both intelligently and unintelligently, from then on, were experiments made in changing the form of type- work, till we have at hand a great number of means and devices by which we are able to vary typography for the attainment of special effects. Shorn of foolish fads and mere personal fancies, display brings up a collection of the most helpful expedients. We may account it a higher form of punc¬ tuation — higher because it can dispense with punctu¬ ation by points and do far more for clearness than can the period, the comma and all the other little wayside markers. It is founded on axiomatic rather than con¬ ventional principles. For instance, when a line ends, even an absolutely ignorant man would know that the end means a stop, whereas he might not guess that a dot is supposed to indicate the same. A parenthesis, the punctuation mark of most obvious use we have, can hardly be claimed to show the subordinate charac¬ ter of its enclosed matter as well as if that matter were set separately in smaller type. While the evolution of display explains, in a meas¬ ure, the reason of its existence, namely, that writers sought first by the expedients of spacing or punctuating by marks to make printed matter express as well as simply record their thoughts, the reason for display is 42 THE INLAND PRINTER only partly told if we neglect to take into account the positive need of it in the conditions of literature and business to-day. The competitive struggle for the public attention which business has so long compelled, would have dulled the people’s attention to advertising if the read¬ ing of advertisements entailed the laborious task of “trying out” the juice or gist from solid blocks of uniform type. The newspapers, with their great grist of informa¬ tion, would be an over- Display, a log¬ ical arrangement of copy for the purpose of mak¬ ing things plain ■ whelming proposition for the reader but for the headlines and subheads. The magazines without this f enlightened and enlightening form of type manipulation would never have been able to become such commercial successes and at the same time such rich purveyors to public intelligence and pleasure. We appreciate in a general way the great strides made in the “ science ” of advertising, but how little do we generally understand that the development of display has been one of the greatest factors of adver¬ tising success. It is not alone the copy, but the com¬ position also, that tells. It devolves upon display to pick out the main points of a piece of information and so enlarge, separate or otherwise “ display ” them as to make them seen at a glance, and thus give the reader immediately an idea of what is contained. Display is a table of contents, Display, a logical arrangement of copy for the purpose of making things plain fact, attractiveness is so necessary in order to get atten¬ tion at all that we may even be persuaded at times to class the latter first. Attractiveness, in this division of the subject of display, stands for the elements that appeal to the taste; interpretation, for those which appeal to the understanding. The ordinary experience of a successful piece of display is that first something striking or especially pleasing catches the eye, then that the arrangement proves so logical, so temptingly easy to follow, that the reader is led on through to the end. The two aims mingle at some points, yet for convenience of analysis we divide the elements under these two, and subdivide again these two into many other parts, in order to get at fundamentals and recog¬ nize the actual means of con¬ Display, a logical arrangement of copy for the purpose of making things plain structing good display. These, then, are some of the ways in which display attracts attention, or makes typographical matter interesting in form or effect. By using striking contrasts in the size of type. By showing pleasing harmony or comparison of type faces. By the use of symmetry, i. e., centering, or in other ways balancing the matter. By making the contrasts and symmetrical shapes together produce patterns of really artistic effect. By dividing the rectangular spaces or type forms Display, a logical arrangement of copy for the purpose of making things plain Fig. 4 Display, a logical arrangement of copy for the purpose of making things plain Fig. 5 DISPLAY, a logical arrangement of copy for the purpose of Making Things Plain Fig. 6 not separated from the text and put on another page where it will be overlooked, but set right across the face of the matter. The face thus becomes a mirror of character in typographical as well as physical com¬ position. According to its development and employment to-day, display has two aims. One is to interpret, the other to attract. The most essential, doubtless, is inter¬ pretation, but the other is of no small importance. In into pleasing proportions, as in paragraphing, panel¬ ing, etc. By the use of ornaments and borders. By illustrations. By color schemes. On the other hand, the following are ways in which display treats matter for its interpretation or easy understanding: By varying the size of type for the sake of distinction between parts. THE INLAND PRINTER 43 By using light and heavy type-faces or contrasting styles together. By varying the measure, which allows matter to be broken up into logical or natural divisions. By separating parts by means of leading, spacing, etc., to make them “ stand out ” or appear entirely distinct. By the use of color for contrast. By the proximity of ornament or illustration that will lead eyes to the type. By balance, or contrast of position. In the lessons to follow this “ introductory,” we will consider these elements of display for the most part individually ; but to get, at the very outset, a little idea of how fundamental some of them are, what definite parts they play, how they may work together how emphasis is thrown on isolated words such as “ display ” and “ plain.” The difference between Figs. 2 and 3 is principally one of shape, Fig. 3 subdividing the second and fourth lines of Fig. 2 in order to make a form more compact, yet without losing the sense conveyed by the display of the other. Again, if we take this sentence, and besides group¬ ing the words appropriately into lines, as they are in Fig. 3, also group the lines themselves, as in Fig. 4, it must be admitted that there is less excuse still for any one to miss the writer’s meaning. But display’s resources do not stop here. Another axiomatic principle is that a big thing is at first sight given more notice than a small one, or in printing terms, that twenty-four-point type stands out notice¬ ably beside twelve-point, and eighteen-point beside Display, a Logical Arrangement of Copy for the purpose of Making Things Plain Fig. 7 in harmony and even separately accomplish sometimes the double aim of display, we will experiment with a simple example. Giving thought mainly to display for interpreta¬ tion, let us take this line : Display, a logical arrangement of copy for the pur¬ pose of making things plain. Now, if this is set to a fixed measure without any effort at grouping, that is, without making the divi¬ sions into lines assist in punctuating or explaining the sentence, we have composition like Fig. 1. It is a truism that every line of material type has an end, and where the line stands alone we expect the end to mark the completion of whatever is there printed. This is natural and obvious. But in the making of books convention has ruled out this natural understanding that a break means something of a pause, if not a termination, and elevates another fact above it. This fact is that the proximity of another line below means unbroken continuation when there is no punctuation mark. Display, however, makes use of these endings of lines, these breaks from the right of one line to the left of the next, because naturally they mean division. Display also makes use of proximity, or distance between lines, to convey the idea of relation. These may be called primary principles — they are natural and axiomatic — and the very soundness of display is proclaimed in the fact that it goes back to these first ideas. If we apply division to our experimental sentence, we may, with no variation of size or face of type, throw the meaning out with a great deal of distinct¬ ness by such a method as this of Fig. 2 or Fig. 3. Notice how completely the use of the comma is made unnecessary ; how each line is composed only of words related to each other by the evident meaning involved ; eight-point. If we add to the means already employed and put the words we consider most important into larger type than the rest, we have, as in Fig. 5, a result that actually thrusts the main points at one before he can read the sentence through. This prin¬ ciple of contrast is used also in the aim to attract attention and to make artistic patterns in our work, yet undoubtedly its chief value is in carrying out the gradation of emphasis through a piece of composition which we call “ subordination.” With all the divisions and contrasts that it accepts, display still insists on harmony and unity. Unity is due any subject which is given an individual setting, since advertisements assembled together in one page or magazine section must be kept separate, -and circu¬ lars, booklets, etc., are not considered worthy of notice except they have individual style. Unity is observed in Figs. 1-5, as all the type is of one face. Harmony, or even unity, may include the use of contrasting faces that look well together. Fig. 6 presents a display in one size of type but including the common and harmo¬ nious changes to caps, and italic. Fig. 7 introduces Priory Text with the Caslon uniformly used in the other figures to show the harmony that may be main¬ tained between fonts of radically different character of face. While all these matters will be considered more fully in their special treatment in following lessons, let us observe that in these extremely simple specimens not only do we have illustrations of the fundamentals of breaking into lines, grouping lines (by leading) and making emphasis by contrast of size, we can still do little without that backbone of display called “ center¬ ing,” without clothing this central spine with a fair consideration of shape, without illuminating with white space. These latter devices, while not quite so obvious, are fully reasonable, and follow close after the others 44 THE INLAND PRINTER in importance. Beyond these also come many more which we can not afford to neglect — nor will they be neglected in their time and place. The simplicity of the points and examples offered in this paper is intended to direct thought to the plain, substantial basis of display on which we wish to build the argument of later lessons. (To be continued.) Written for The Inland Printer. THE INTERPOINT BRAILLE TYPES — A NOTABLE INVENTION. NO. I. - BY R. COUPLAND HARDING. PRINTERS generally have little to do practically with the production of books for the blind. The processes differ widely from those of ordinary typog¬ raphy, and even from embossing as practiced by job-printers. The work is usually carried on in insti¬ tutions for the instruction of the blind; special appli¬ ances are provided, and the operation is mostly carried out by the pupils. Sympathy with those who have suf¬ fered one of the greatest of deprivations must, how¬ ever, awaken an interest in anything that tends to alleviate their conditions, and when the matter con¬ cerns printing and bookmaking it must specially appeal to the printer. The purpose of the present article is to bring before the readers of this magazine one of the most beautiful and ingenious inventions in typography that the nine¬ teenth century has produced ; one which, though per¬ fected and exhibited in the closing year of that century, oidb ecDEtfgfip s r v 'v 'w x y t cl bc3 ej^cj kcj klrrtft o cj p r S t uyoc-y z SC Fig. I. and now in regular use, has not yet, so far as I have seen, been noticed in the British or American trade papers. Most people have seen some of the books printed in large, raised characters, which blind folk read by the sense of touch, but so little is generally known on the matter that it is necessary to give a brief historic outline of the subject to make plain the nature of the invention to which I refer, the credit of which, as also of the first production of embossed books for the blind, is due to France. It was in 1783 that the benevolent Abbe Valentin Haiiy, to whom belongs also the distinction of found¬ ing the first institution for the instruction of the blind,, had a special font cast for embossed printing for the use of his pupils, and found, to his great satisfaction, that their touch was sufficiently sensitive to enable them to distinguish the characters. Like many other first attempts, that of the abbe was painfully crude, and the task of learning to read must have been laborious in the extreme and must have cost his pupils many severe headaches. He used the ordinary script of the period, broadening some of the letters under the mis¬ taken idea that they would thus be more legible, and used the full quotum of fifty-two characters, caps, and minims. The scheme of his font is shown in Fig. 1. It says much for the delicate touch of the pupils that they could discriminate between characters such as these. Note the needless complication of the forms, as for instance in the flourished A and P. The lead¬ ing defects of the system became at once apparent, and the next step was the substitution of a bold great primer roman with marks of abbreviation : Un bo pere done tojors a ses efas la noriture et le clesir du bie e tot. Fig. 2. Except in a material reduction of the inordinate bulk of the first books, the reform was not very great. The next improvement, and a very great one, was brought out in England by Mr. Gall. He realized the two fundamental defects of the earlier systems — the overburdening of the mind with unnecessary forms (which, by the way, is a radical defect in our present scripts, though appealing as they do only to the eye it does not strike the ordinary reader), and the reten¬ tion of nice distinctions, which, though they do not necessarily strain the vision, are very perplexing to the touch. Gall’s modified roman, with its single alpha¬ bet, was the first really scientific system. The alphabet, with others, may be found in the “ American Diction¬ ary of Printing and Bookmaking.” Shortly after the promulgation of Gall’s alphabet, the Society of Arts of Scotland offered a gold medal for the best alphabet and method of printing for the blind. Out of the twenty-one alphabets devised by competitors, Fry’s was selected. It would pass now as an ordinary fanciful sanserif, but, compared with Gall’s, was a retrogression. Lucas’ might also fairly claim to be a scientific system. In this the roman forms were abandoned altogether and ordinary short¬ hand symbols substituted, such symbols, of course, being used separately and not combined as in short¬ hand writing. Frere’s was somewhat on the same lines, and had the further advantage of being phonetic. The’ system of Moon (1845), himself a blind man and teacher of the blind, had considerable vogue. It had points in common with both the preceding, but a fea- THE INLAND PRINTER 45 ture of its own that each character though simplified had a resemblance more or less remote to the roman character, in whole or in part, to which it corresponded. In the United States, J. R. Friedlander devised a sin¬ gle-alphabet system of capitals, neither roman nor sans, but with most of the vertical lines curved, some¬ what in the style known to printers as “ concave.” Dr. S. G. Howe, of Boston, devised a single-alphabet •scheme, using an angular form of minims ; many valu¬ able works were printed in this stylei Mr. Napoleon Kneass, a blind gentleman of Philadelphia, modified Howe’s system by adding an alphabet of capitals — a retrograde step. Mr. Kneass contributed the article •on the subject to Ringwalt’s “ American Encyclopedia of Printing ” (1871), where those interested may find Friedlander’s, Howe’s and Kneass’ systems shown together. The Braille system, which at this time was superseding all others in France, is only casually men¬ tioned in Mr. Kneass’ article. Thirty years ago, the three principles laid down in 1852 by the Rev. B. G. Johns and quoted with approval by Mr. Kneass still ihindered reform. Two out of the three were fallacious Fig. 3. — more in the interests of those who can see them than •of the blind. In order that their seeing neighbors might read the embossed books without difficulty, the Wind had to learn a double alphabet with difficult forms, and were compelled to master the anomalies of English spelling. These are difficult enough to those whose eyes take in words and groups of letters as a whole — to the reader by touch they must be inde¬ scribably perplexing. It is remarkable that the “Amer¬ ican Dictionary of Printing and Bookmaking ”(1891-4) has no word about the Braille, which by that time had come into extensive use in Britain ; but that excel¬ lent book of reference brings the subject down to no later period than its predecessor of twenty years Lefore. Early in the nineteenth century, Ch. Barbier, a Frenchman, invented an alphabet formed of three points arranged in various relative positions ; but to Louis Braille, born near Paris in 1809, belongs the •credit of devising a “ point ” alphabet that has to a great extent superseded all other systems. The basis of the system, which was brought out in 1852, is the grouping of six points in two columns of three each. By suppressing one or more of these, a great variety of groups are formed of from one to six points. The first space occupied by a point, the rest blank, repre¬ sents a; the last or sixth point, the rest blank, is the apostrophe. The entire group of six, in French, rep¬ resents e ; in English, where this character is not required, the word “ for.” The Braille alphabet, ex¬ cluding extra characters, is shown in Fig. 3. The small points represent blanks and are inserted only to show the relative positions of the embossed points. It will be noted that every letter has at least one point at the top ; the punctuation marks do not. In the English scheme, many of the letters are used as in shorthand, as arbitrary abbreviations — 1 for “ Lord,” s for “ some,” t for “ that,” etc., and modified letters, extending to a scheme of nine points for words like “ father ” and “ mother.” The first ten letter- signs, distinguished by a prefix, represent the figures 1 to o, and in French, the capitals are also indicated by a prefix. A few years ago, the Braille was adapted by K. Ishikawa, assistant instructor in the Blind and Dumb School, Tokyo, to the Japanese syllabary ; but the large number of signs (73) exceeded the range of the six-group, and for the less-used syllables the nine- figure had to be used. I have a specimen-sheet of the complete scheme, printed in raised characters from types cast by the Tokyo-Tsukiji Typefoundry, dated May, 1896. (To be continuedJ EIGHT-HOUR LEGISLATION. WELVE years ago the Legislature of the State of Kansas passed with some pride a statute pro¬ viding that thereafter eight hours should constitute a day’s work for laborers, workmen, mechanics and other persons employed by or on behalf of the State of Kansas, or by or on behalf of any county, city, town¬ ship or other municipality in the State, and making it unlawful for any one thereafter contracting to do any public work to require or permit any laborer to work longer than eight hours per day, except under certain specified conditions, and requiring further that each such contractor for any public building or work should pay the current rate of daily wages.1 It is not sur¬ prising that there came to be many who doubted the constitutionality of such enactment, and the question was in due course passed upon by the Supreme Court, in the case known as “ In re Dalton.” There the peti¬ tioner, who had been arrested for violation of the pro¬ visions of this statute, sought to be released on habeas corpus proceedings. The court held that the law was constitutional, because it was but a direction of the State to its agents, and no more than a proper exercise of its powers in this respect.2 So far as this decision went, it determined the constitutionality of the statute when judged by the standards of the constitution of Kansas, and made the enactment and its observance binding upon all the people of the State. But more recently there arose another case, in which the statute was attacked because of its alleged 1 Laws of Kansas, 1891, c. 114. 2 In re Dalton, 59 Pac. Rep. 336. 46 THE INLAND PRINTER contravention of the provisions of the Federal Consti¬ tution, and upon these grounds the matter went to the Federal Supreme Court for final decision. By a unani¬ mous opinion, the justices of that great tribunal have upheld the constitutionality of the statute, and hence¬ forth there can be no doubt that eight hours constitute a legal day’s work in Kansas on all State and municipal labor, and that the current day’s pay, whatever the hours, received by laborers on other contracts or other day labor, will be received by those employed by or on behalf of the State or its municipalities. This decision3 proceeded upon the ground that it is within the power of a State, as guardian and trustee of its people, and having full control of its affairs, to prescribe the conditions upon which it will permit public work to be done on behalf of itself or its munici¬ palities, and that the building of a highway, whether done by the State directly, or by one of its instrumen¬ talities, a municipality, is a work of a public, not a pri¬ vate character. The precise point determined was that one who, after the enactment of such a statute, con¬ tracts for public work, is not, by reason of its pro¬ visions, deprived of his liberty or his property, nor denied the equal protection of the laws in violation of the Federal Constitution. This is, of course, based on the obvious fact that all persons seeking to do this work are placed upon precisely the same footing, and in this there can be no advantage of one over the other. Added interest is felt in this decision because it is directly opposed to the decision of the New York Court of Appeals, the highest court in that State, concerning the constitutionality of a statute of the State of New York, substantially similar. By a divided court, it was there held that the statute was unconstitutional and void.4 The opinion of the majority held that a munici¬ pal contractor who has fully performed his contract for grading a public street and, as provided therein, has received from the proper authorities a certificate showing that the contract price agreed to be paid has been earned, may compel the city to pay the amount due, although he has failed to comply with the stipula¬ tion required by the labor law that he will pay his workmen not less than the prevailing rate of wages in that locality, and if he fails to pay such wages the con¬ tract shall be void, since the labor law, so far as it relates to such a case, is unconstitutional. First, because in its actual operation it permits and requires the expenditure of the money of the city or that of the local property owner for other than city pur¬ poses ; second, because it invades rights of liberty and property in that it denies to the city and the con¬ tractor the right to agree with their employes upon the measure of their compensation, and compels them in all cases to pay an arbitrary and uniform rate which is expressed in vague language, difficult to define and ascertain, and subject to constant change from arti¬ ficial causes ; third, because it virtually confiscates all 3 Atkin vs. Kansas, 191 U. S. 207. 4 People ex rel. Rodgers vs. Coler, 166 N. Y. 1. property rights of the contractor under his contract for breach of his engagement to obey the statute, and it attempts to make acts and omissions penal which are in themselves innocent and harmless. It, in effect, imposes a penalty upon the exercise by the city or the contractor of the right to agree with their employes upon terms and conditions of their employment. The agreement that the contract shall be void for violation of labor law is no defense for the city, because that defense rests upon the validity of the law ; and that law being invalid, there is no agreement and hence no forfeiture. The opinion for the minority, the dissenting opinion, written by Chief Justice Parker, held that as between citizens there could be no doubt that such an enact¬ ment would be wholly void ; but expressly restricted by terms, as it was, to those employed by the State and its agencies upon work for the State, that is, the public, it should be declared constitutional, for the State had ever maintained and used the power to fix or alter, as it saw fit, the compensation of its servants. “ Indeed,” Judge Parker remarked, “ the compensation for every kind and character of service whatever had always been fixed either by the Legislature directly, or through agencies created by it, the original source of power in all cases being the Legislature. Nevertheless, there were those who conceived the absurd idea that there was some distinction between the compensation for day laborers and the compensation for all others engaged in the service of the State, and so the demand of one Clark, who was employed on the canals, for the compensation fixed by the Legislature, was challenged and came before this court, where the question was put at rest by a unanimous decision that ‘ There is no express or implied restriction to be found in the con¬ stitution upon the power of the Legislature to fix and declare the rate of compensation to be paid for labor or services to be performed upon the public works of the State. That legislation is doubtless open to criti¬ cism from the standpoint of sound policy and expedi¬ ency, but the courts have nothing to do with these questions, so long as it is not in conflict with the con¬ stitution. And we think that a general law regulating the compensation of laborers employed by the State or by officers under its authority, which disturbs no vested right or contract, was within the power of the Legis¬ lature to enact, whatever may be said as to its wisdom or policy.’ ” 5 Therefore, Judge Parker continued, the State may contract, it can contract, and impose upon those with whom it makes its bargains, such terms as seem wise or expedient to it, precisely the same as pri¬ vate individuals or corporations, so long as no consti¬ tutional rights are infringed. And he could find none to which this enactment ran counter. The decision of the majority in this New York case is a direct negation of the principles declared by, the Kansas court, but the opinion of Judge Parker, supra, is fully in line with the position taken by the Federal 5 Clark vs. State of New York, 142 N. Y. THE INLAND PRINTER 47 Court. From the trend of such comment upon the cases as has been made by the daily press, and those ardently favoring or ardently opposing the enactment in all States of such eight-hour laws, it would appear that there is a somewhat widespread misunderstanding of the precise effect, the one upon the other, of these opposing declarations of principles. Federal courts, whenever called upon to admin¬ ister State law, or pass upon questions involving mat¬ ters of State law, adopt such constructions of that law as have been made and adopted by the court of last resort in that State. They have no authority to do aught else. Federal and State laws have concurrent operation, Federal and State courts have concurrent jurisdiction, but only in such matters as do not bring them into conflict. Whenever this conflict occurs, the Federal law is, of course, supreme, and the State law is at once abrogated. In Kansas the eight-hour law was an integral part of the law of the land when affirmed by the highest court in the State. Its reaffirm¬ ance, when brought to the Federal Supreme Court, made it no more binding upon the citizens of the State, save as it was now known to have been approved beyond possibility of recall except by the power that enacted it — the Legislature. Being a State law, it is now of no more binding or legal effect upon citizens of other States than before. Therefore, the decision of the Federal Supreme Court has no direct effect upon the New York statute. If a new case should arise under this statute, the Kansas case could be cited as persuasive authority, and would certainly be of very great weight. It might even induce the Court of Appeals to change its opinion, but it would not be, it could not be, controlling opinion. As a recent writer6 has said, the courts of a State are the final arbiters of the interpretation and validity of its own laws under its own constitution. The New York statute was held unconstitutional under the New York constitution by the highest court of the State of New York. So long as this decision is not overruled the Federal courts are bound to follow it in cases arising under the New York statute. If a case were taken to the Supreme Court of the United States, that court could and probably would hold that the statute did not violate the Federal Con¬ stitution, but it could not hold that the statute did not violate identically similar provisions in the State con¬ stitution. Failure to differentiate these two factors of the problem is responsible for a deal of the uncertainty with which the people at large regard this matter. It should be observed here that all the foregoing applies only to the relation between the State and its employes ; it does not and can not apply to relations between individual employers and their employes. Were such a statute passed, it seems plain it would be at once declared void, because an unwarranted and unwarrantable invasion of private rights. Upon one ground only could it be supported — the police power of the State, by which is meant the power inherent in 6 7 Law Notes 203. the supreme authority of a State or nation to make laws for the proper regulation of the lives, health and prop¬ erty of the people. Under this power statutes have been made, and upheld, limiting the hours of labor of persons working in mines or smelters, or restricting the employment of women and children. But these are all exceptional cases and are supported for' that very rea¬ son. To say broadly that I shall work for you but a stipulated number of hours, or that you are to be punished if you allow me to work longer, and that the payment shall be the same as given other workmen upon the same tasks, whether their workday be shorter or longer — that can not be sound law. If the pending bill providing for eight hours only each day, on all work and contracts performed for the Government, passes Congress and becomes law, it would seem likely, in the light of this Kansas case, to be upheld, so long as adequate provision were made for the integrity of vested rights and contracts. It must be said, however, that this is so sweeping in its scope, and will affect so many factories where Govern¬ ment work is but a part of the output, and where employes now work from eight to ten hours daily, that the possible results of the enactment can not be accu¬ rately foretold, and a construction of the law and its meaning will probably be necessary at an early day. For, should this present bill fail, another would doubt¬ less take its place with the quickness of the succeeding runners in a relay race. It is not generally known, perhaps, that one of the earliest of eight-hour laws was passed by the State of Connecticut, and all but twoscore years ago at that. The law7 still stands upon the statute books, a model of brevity and comprehensiveness ; but it is without strength or virility, it is never invoked, it is a dead letter. In 1867 the General Assembly enacted this statute : “ Eight hours of labor, performed in any one day, by any one person, shall be a lawful day’s work, unless otherwise agreed.” It will be observed that there was no distinction between employers who were the agents of the State, or the State itself, and those who were individuals or corporations. There were no legal or verbal subtleties, no provisos of learned sound, no apparent possibilities of latent defect. Yet the last three words were the undoing of the whole. Within two years of its enact¬ ment, the statute came before the Supreme Court of Errors for construction, and, while the question of constitutionality did not arise, the court found that when there was an agreement to work more than eight hours for the wage stipulated, the statute did not apply. It further found that this agreement might be implied as well as expressed, and also that if an employe remained at his task for more than eight hours he could recover no more than the compensation agreed upon, in the absence of any stipulation that he should be paid for the additional time. In a word, if it was the custom 7 Conn. Statutes, rev 7. 1902, 4692. 48 THE INLAND PRINTER to work ten hours, the employe who accepted work was held to have impliedly agreed to work ten hours for the current wages, and thus was the statute superseded. The precise point determined by this case8 was, that a week’s work under a contract of work at a fixed price per week, was work for the period of a week, and not for six periods of eight hours each, and that con¬ sequently a party who under such a contract had worked sixteen hours a day, could not recover for two weeks’ work in the period of one week. The only effect of the statute, where a case falls within it, is to release the laborer from work, and entitle him to compensa¬ tion for a day’s labor, at the end of eight hours. If the laborer works more than eight hours in a day, he can not, unless by special agreement, claim any additional compensation for such additional work. In this par¬ ticular instance, the plaintiff had contracted to conduct s. coal gas establishment for the defendant, receiving a fixed sum per week as wages. The business was of such a nature as to require sixteen or more hours’ work each day, and the contract was made with an under¬ standing on the part of both parties of this fact. The plaintiff accepted his weekly wages, and then under the .statute claimed that because he worked twice eight hours he was entitled to twice his agreed weekly com¬ pensation, each week. This contention the court could not accept. Written for The Inland Printer. WONDERS OF A CITY PRINT-SHOP. TOM JENKINS returned to his ancestral home during his Christmas vacation, and naturally gravitated to the Frogtown Free Press office, where he had served his time. Everything looked just the •same as he left it, except for a change in the dates of fhe stud-horse bills and auction posters that adorned the walls. Mr. Jones, the editor, proprietor and type- hustler-general, met him at the door and, recognizing his old assistant, shook hands and inquired if he was looking for a job. “ No,” replied Tom, “ I have got a pretty good thing in the city, thank you.” “ Where are you working ? ” “ At the Forensic Collegiate Press, Chicago,” said Tom. “ What sort of a place is it? ” asked Jones. “ It is an educational institution where the neo¬ phytes are instructed in the art of acquiring their fari¬ naceous sustenance by the sudorific exudation of their jaws,” remarked Tom. “ My ! ” ejaculated the devil, who, with Bill Thomas and the rest of the staff had come forward to greet the newcomer. “ I suppose they pay pretty good down there, and you would not care to come back here ? ” “ Well, no. After my urban experience I should not care for these bucolic surroundings.” 8 Luske vs. Hotchkiss, 37 Conn. 219. “ Do you do pretty nice work there ? ” “ Yes. Only that my innate modesty prevents me mentioning the fact, I might state that I do some of the finest work in the place, for I seem to have an intuitive perception of the idea endeavored to be incul¬ cated by the advertisers, and by a psychological asso¬ ciation of those ideas in a proper philosophical manner am enabled to turn out displaywork that for elegance of design, originality of conception and classic beauty is not to be surpassed in the city, though there are some pretty good printers there.” “ I suppose you have to be a pretty swift typesetter to hold a job there? ” “We don’t set much type by hand. We have a machine to do that and a boy to correct it before it comes to us.” “ Do you just distribute, then?” “ Oh, no ; a man melts it all up again and it don’t have to be distributed.” “ It must be pretty hard work dragging the machine around to the cases every time you want to set a line,” observed the devil. “ You don’t drag it about,” said Bill, “ I have seen a picture of a machine in The Printer, and it has a big hopper, like a fanning mill, on the top where you pour the type in you want to set.” “That’s where you put the copy in,” interjected the boss, who, to turn the subject, inquired whether Tom had the same old trouble kicking the Gordon. “We have electric motors to run the jobbers and boys to feed them.” “ Do you run a cylinder press, then ? ” “ No, our principal press is a rotary that feeds itself from a roll of paper a couple of miles long. They just put one end in to get her started and off she goes.” “ There must be some pretty big offices in the city ? ” broke in one of the boys. “ Yes, some of them are bigger than that new barn and four or five stories high.” “ Say, Tom,” said Mr. Jones, whose indignation had by this time got the better of him, “ we always did think you were a pretty good liar, but when you come to tell us you work in a shop where they have a machine to set type, a boy to correct it and a man to throw it into the kettle ; and talk about sheets of paper half a mile wide and as long as from here to the State road, stuck into a print-shop bigger than Cy Hemlock’s barn, you are laying it on too thick.” “ But it is true as gospel,” said Tom, with some warmth. “ Get out of here before I bat you over the head with a mallet,” retorted Mr. J. “ I always did hate a liar, anyway,” he added, as Tom quit the shop in a rage. “ That fellow must think we are crazy if he imagines we take any stock in yarns like that.” HIS TEACHER. I owe most of my skill in my trade to The Inland Printer. — John Lawrence, Talbotton, Georgia. THE INLAND PRINTER 49 INLAND PRINTER A. H. McQuilkin, Editor. :orial Contributors — Arthur K. Taylor, F. W. Edwin B. Dewey, W. B. Prescott, P. S. Good] R. C. Mallette. Published, monthly by THE INLAND PRINTER COMPANY Vol. XXXIII. APRIL, 1904. EDITORIAL NOTES. PRINTING is a strictly “made-to-order” business. “ Misfits ” or “ uncalled-for ” goods are a dead loss. In dull seasons it is not possible to stock up for future trade. These reflections should stiffen figures. THE German phototypic printers and their em¬ ployes recently concluded arrangements for a new scale. The 8j4-hour day has been agreed to and the minimum salary during the first year following the four years’ term of apprenticeship is to be $4.90 weekly, subsequently rising to at least $5.80. One apprentice is allowed to every five journeymen. For overtime one-third extra is paid, and one-half extra for Sunday work. T)RINTERS’ boards of trade and the local Typoth- X etse may take a lesson in policy from their co¬ partners in the trades unions. The trades-unionists have their quarrels among themselves as to jurisdic¬ tion, etc., but they unite solidly on standing out for the maximum price. The tendency of the employers, how¬ ever, is to put a competitor in as bad a hole as possible and throw the plunder to the public, forgetful that “ fed fish won’t bite.” FROM the mistaken policy of trades unions in tak¬ ing incompetents into membership lest they should be used by employers to defeat the aims of organized labor, has come about a condition wherein good mechanics are at a premium, but at a lower pre¬ mium than could be paid if the employers’ resources were not taxed in paying an excess minimum scale to incompetents. In the final sifting of evidence as to the “ rights of labor,” “ labor’s proportion of prosper¬ ity,” etc., it is open to question if labor is not now receiving in many instances more than its due. r I "'HE government of the Presidency of Madras, X India, has had trouble in its printing-office, too. During the progress of a strike there, convicts from the Penitentiary Press were drafted into the service, and at last advices were to be retained until “other printers could be found.” There seems to be a close association between government works and the prison. It is said that if Uncle Sam’s government printers strike there is a possibility they may go to jail. Under John Bull’s benevolent assimilation scheme as applied to the East Indies, if the Madras government printers strike they are defeated by taking men out of the penitentiary under a picket-proof police escort. And yet some peo¬ ple affect surprise at the decline of th'e striking habit among printers. _ AMBIGUOUS orders bring error and contention in l their train. Unlike the “ quality of mercy ” that 1 him that gives and him that takes, the ambig- order damns him that takes equally with the -. A case in point: Under date of March 10 an 50 THE INLAND PRINTER engraving house writes : “We have some little trouble with one of our customers over the reading of an order, and thought perhaps you could give us some light upon the subject. The order reads : ‘ One engraving of each side of carton enlarged 2j4 times.’ There are four parts three inches square. Please give us your opinion as to what size it should be when enlarged.” Would it not have been wiser to inquire of the customer exactly what he meant than to wait until the interpretation wa.s placed before him in the form of an engraving and a bill? According to the order, 22 J4 inches would be the size of the area of each cut, but there was room for a misunderstanding that the man who booked the order and every one who accepted the instructions is respon¬ sible for. “ Be sure you are right, then — but not till then — go ahead.” IT appears that in Merry England the courts, or some of them, fix the rates which may be charged for certain classes of law work. The Master Printers’ Association of London objected to a rate which had been set in 1871, and “ approached ” the Lord High Chancellor to whisper in his judicial ear that “ Since these prices were fixed wages have twice advanced, and the documents are no longer of the length that they used to be, the price allowed being quite unre- munerative, and in many cases devolving an absolute loss on the printer.” Although there is no record of the bewigged L. H. C. being from Missouri, he had to be “ shown,” and after a deputation of the association waited on him with the proofs, he “ saw ” and raised the rate fifty per cent. The master printers say this is one result of organization, and the Lord High Chan¬ cellor proved himself to be a great jurist — it took him nearly two years to reach a decision. THE employing printers of London, England, ap¬ pear to be much incensed against the Society of Compositors. They complain that the Society refused to submit certain disputed questions to arbi¬ tration, though the employers were willing to accept the decision of the governmental bodies, equivalent to our board of mediation and arbitration, or even a com¬ mittee of trade-unionists of repute. The bone of con¬ tention is whether a machine operator in a book office can be required to do other work than machine compo¬ sition. The employers contend that if a man has spare time, owing to lack of work suitable for machine com¬ position, he can be required to work at the case or elsewhere at the higher wages paid operators. The employers say the Society’s answer is in effect: “If machine composition is so slack that the man has, prac¬ tically, only half a day’s work in the week, he shall sit and do nothing for the remainder of the week at the employer’s expense, although handwork is waiting to be done.” That is probably overdrawn, and without expressing an opinion on the merits of this contro¬ versy, there are few, if any, scales on this side of the Atlantic that contemplate a man receiving wages for time he has not actually worked. Generally speaking, the office’s right to assign employes most advanta¬ geously is not questioned, except it be for regulations: requiring the higher rate of wages to be paid when there is not the same minimum scale for all classes of work. Individual workmen may and do object to being shifted from one class of work to another, but that is a personal question and one about which the union does not interest itself. THE London Daily News is a radical, or pro-labor, paper ; yet it had trouble with its employes. First it quietly supplanted its composing-room force with nonunionists, paying its old employes full wages in lieu of the notice customary in the trade in England. For some reason this was unsatisfactory, and in a few days the following note appeared in the News: We are gratified to be able to state that, through the medium of Mr. John Burns, M.P., an entirely satisfactory arrangement has been made between the managers of The Daily News and its old staff of compositors and that, in con¬ sequence, to-day’s issue has been produced by them. The new basis of agreement is a time rate of wages of £3 10s. per week for the “case” hands, the Linotype operators remaining on “piece.” We have reason to believe that the incident, so far from having any ill effect, will greatly improve the future rela¬ tions between the master printers and the London Society of Compositors. For this happy result we have to thank the amicable spirit in which the negotiations have been conducted, and the admirable qualities of Mr. John Burns as a smoother of troubled waters. The nonsociety men who have been engaged in the production of this paper since Thursday last received from The Daily News six months’ salary in lieu of notice — the total amounting to £4,000. THE DOLLAR PRINTER AND THE DOLLAR LAWYER. HERE’S fallacy in the idea still fondly cherished by some makers of printing as well as many buyers of printing — the idea that so long as a bit of printed matter will answer even indifferently well the purpose for which it was intended, its chief commen¬ dation, the point toward which attention must be most closely directed, is its cheapness. This thought is per¬ haps not unknown in other lines of activity, but, as it seems to those of us who are interested in the two¬ fold capacity of onlooker and partaker, it is not else¬ where so persistent and so tenacious. A practitioner of law whom I know, for instance, was called upon to draw wills for a man and his wife. The matter was absurdly simple, the instruments al¬ most unprecedentedly brief. They were hastily penned upon a half-sheet of foolscap each, duly acknowledged, and handed to the husband. He took them somewhat dubiously and said, “ How much ? ” The lawyer was youthful, ’tis true. He considered the probable amount of the estates involved, the time expended and the fear of losing other possible clients to whom it might be said that his charges were high, and made answer that he guessed about a dollar would do for. the job. Herein he closely resembled more than a few printers THE INLAND PRINTER 51 whom both you and I know right well. The client seemed to hesitate, and the attorney was deliberating whether it would be contrary to professional ethics to reduce it to ninety cents, when the dollar was seen to be forthcoming, and the couple departed. The Black- stonian soliloquized that it was as a matter of fact altogether too cheap, but he would not have been doing anything anyway, and the dollar was really all clear profit, because expenses were going on whether were scornfully destroyed, and the worthy testators went on their way rejoicing. Telling me of the matter, the first lawyer said that it had taught him never to fear asking a fair and rea¬ sonable compensation for whatever of office or court work came to ■ him thereafter, taking care, however, that services were really rendered to an extent that would justify the charge made. In the case cited, the wills first made were to all there were clients or not. Again does this reasoning remind us of certain printers who seek to square them¬ selves with their own better judgment. But presently it came to the knowledge of this lawyer that the couple went from his office direct to that of another newly admitted counsellor and told him that they wanted their wills drawn up, but wanted it done rightly — not to rush it too much. This man gave close heed to explanations, drew the instruments carefully upon best of ledger parchment, sealed them with imposing wax, and, tying them with the time- honored red tape, calmly asked five dollars for each. It was paid cheerfully and with alacrity, the first wills intents and purposes the equal of those subsequently prepared, so far as concerned the mere question of compliance with statutory requirements. But in ap¬ pearance they were hasty, niggardly, unsatisfactory and unattractive. Very possibly the signers of the wills had an unduly inflated notion of the importance of the property they were thus devising, but they were fully warranted in desiring the instrument bearing their wishes to be such as would be a credit and not a source of regret. The primary purpose of commercial stationery is to apprise its recipient of the name and business and address of the person sending it. A pen scrawl, or 52 THE INLAND PRINTER a rubber stamp, will do this, and is cheap. But no one now thinks of employing such crude methods. The hasty, uncouth heading will do this — and it also is cheap. But it does no credit to the house or indi¬ vidual sending it out. Therefore is it that the demand for distinctive, artistic stationery was created and is expanding by leaps and bounds. It costs more than the other — yet not so much more. It is pleasant to use, and pleasant to receive. It pays for itself over and over again. It may truthfully be said to consti¬ tute one of the lubricants of the wheels of progress. And note : The dollar lawyer never again attempted to draw two wills for a dollar. He gave more for the money, but he charged, and obtained as readily, higher and more remunerative rates ever after. Herein his logic differs from that of the average printer, and herein is it to be commended. R. C. M. LABOR LEADERS’ UNENVIABLE POSITION. NE of the prominent anti-union agitators recently denounced the officers of labor organizations as anarchists who lived by fomenting strikes and inciting their “ followers ” to lawlessness. The ubiquitous interviewer secured the gentleman’s ear for the pur¬ pose of having him specify some of the anarchists to whom he referred, asking him what he thought of John Mitchell, the president of the coal miners’ union. He grew loud in his praises of Mr. Mitchell, lauding him as a real benefactor to his class and society. If that be so, then the gentleman either spoke of that of which he was ignorant or his denunciations were malicious slanders. There are labor officials who foster the striking spirit, but you will not find them among the officers of old and stable national unions, such as those of the molders, cigarmakers, bricklayers or printers. The mere agitator is found among local “ leaders ” who in reality are busy seeking popularity and led into that position by reason of their penchant for following the crowd. Mr. Mitchell has through force of circumstances been much in the public eye, and his record is known to the world. To many peo¬ ple his opposition to strikes and appeals to the miners to live up to their agreements came as a revelation of a new order in unionism. There is no unionist who is not proud of Mr. Mitchell’s achievements, but he was by no means the first labor official to oppose strikes or to exercise all the influence in his power to have unionists adhere to trade agreements. Other officials have not only threatened to fill the place of union strikers, but have done so, and at times — owing to the proximity of election day or other causes — when their action endangered their positions. In at least one instance in the printing trade, officers of a union not only secured men to fill the places of strik¬ ers, but obtained leaves of absence from their regular employment and worked themselves. In no gathering of workingmen will avoidable striking be more heartily condemned than at a meeting of national labor officials. Instead of these men “ thriving ” on strikes, their self- interests are subserved by an avoidance of them. Strikes cause an immense amount of disagreeable and profit¬ less work ; win or lose, they disturb the membership, thereby producing unrest and a certain amount of dis¬ satisfaction, which are inimical to continuance in office, and, then, strikes are great treasury depleters, which bring in their train a ceaseless stream of exasperating queries concerning the whereabouts of “ our money.” Worst of all, though, is the denouement. If a strike is a success, the official is forgotten and there is much self-gratulation among the men, with many assurances that “ we did it ” ; if a compromise is effected on the advice or through the intervention of the official, that luckless individual is accused of “ selling out ” ; if the movement is a failure, the official is a handy scapegoat on which to temporarily load all manner of sins of omission or commission. It matters not whether he took pains to demonstrate that success was impossible or that his advice was scouted at every turn during the struggle ; on him the blame is placed. These men chafe under this treatment at times, but seldom do they complain publicly. To do so might result in bringing the organization into disrepute or lessen its chances of victory, which would be deemed disloyalty to the cause. There seems to be a tacit understanding between all parties that this misrepresentation and abuse is the one sure perquisite of being dubbed a “ labor leader.” Little wonder, then, that union officers can not be counted among the pro-strikers. To a man they uphold the right to strike and defend strikers, but they are chary of resorting to that extreme measure. I doubt if Mr. Powderly ever urged men to vote for a strike in his life ; and I have been informed on excellent authority that the much-maligned Debs did everything in his power to prevent the Pullman boy¬ cott, while President Shaffer, of the ironworkers, was in private bitterly opposed to a recent strike by his organization, for “ calling ” which he has been roundly abused by the press. Some able editors predicted Shaffer’s defeat for reelection as a result of the failure of the strike, and thought the ironworkers obtuse when Shaffer was returned by acclamation. Nine or ten months elapsed between the events, and to those in the know the loss of the strike proved Shaffer understood conditions in the trade better than the majority of his fellows. Recently Mr. Gompers advocated resort to strikes before accepting reduction of wages at this time, and there were many expressions of astonishment that he should take such an extreme position. If advocacy of strikes were customary with labor officials, there would be no surprise at his position in this case; and yet, probably Mr. Gompers has more faith in the efficacy of strikes and boycotts than any other promi¬ nent unionist. As with strikes, so it is with rioting and violence. All the self-interests of these men are injured when they are resorted to. There is comparatively little violence in printing-trade disputes, but my personal THE INLAND PRINTER. 53 experience is that one can regard such “ breaks ” with infinitely more equanimity as a full private than as an official. When burdened with the responsibility of managing a strike, the natural impulse is to go gun¬ ning for the man who commits an assault. Only the inexperienced resort to such tactics in the belief that they are helping their cause along. I do not refer to the blow given on the spur of the moment during the heat of controversy between excited men, for such occurrences are regrettable and unavoidable, but to premeditated assaults committed on the theory that terrorism is effective — a most absurd idea, by the way, for a unionist to entertain, as it is palpable that if a man should secure a situation in fair and open manner — which is a cardinal principle of unionism — there is no excuse for him descending to thuggery and black¬ guardism to retain one. Though officials be opposed to the use of such methods, it is true they do not rush into print with denunciations of the perpetrators. Their reason for not doing so may be a mistaken notion, but it is a very natural and human one. As these violations of law make good “ news,” they are usually greatly magnified in the press, and the official reasons that, if he were to speak out, what he said would be distorted and used to the injury of his con¬ stituents, and, unless he be a most unusual man, he takes into consideration the fact that his mistaken col¬ leagues believe they are doing evil that good may come out of it. Ethically this is all wrong, but there are few of us who are not disposed to minify the admitted faults of our fellow-partisans or look with toleration on the wrongdoings of a friend, especially if he is laboring on our behalf. Those who severely criticize union offi¬ cials for this laxness, including the gentleman who denounced them so violently, doubtless would have their hands full if they were to attempt to make all their business friends and associates live up to the law. Among the pleas advanced in a petition praying for the extension of executive clemency to a convicted banker was one to the effect that if the banking laws were enforced the entire fraternity would be behind the bars. Even the legal profession is not free from this blight. An attorney of considerable repute (now a United States judge) once informed the writer there was a lucrative field open to the man who would be “ mean ” enough to see that lawyers obeyed the stat¬ utes in protecting the interests of their clients. But this does not excuse the lawless workingman or the union official who fails to expose him, though it shows the former’s inaction is prompted by the same motives as actuate others in almost similar circum¬ stances, even some whose sworn duty it is to enforce the laws made for rich men. The most complete answer to the detractors of labor “ leaders,” and those who believe them to be dishonest and unfair as a class, is that employers who know them best respect them and trust them. The bane of many union officials is the proneness of employers to name them as arbitrators to settle disputes with their workmen. In some labor headquarters this is a daily occurrence, and not infre¬ quently involves rendering a decision which is tanta¬ mount to making the scale for the town or district. That such propositions usually emanate from employ¬ ers is proof that labor officials are not what the English would call such a bad lot, and answers all the vitupe¬ ration about them being parasites and bloodthirsty anarchists. W. B. P. THE GERMAN IDEA IN SWEDEN. WEDEN does not cut much figure in the industrial world — in fact, we seldom think of it as a com¬ mercial country, yet they do some things exceedingly well in the land of sweet singers. Printing-office pro¬ prietors and their employes have recently entered into a scale agreement, which is to hold for five years. Naturally, this was the result of demands made by the employes, some of which were modified materially before being accepted by the employers. The Swedes have adopted the German idea — amplified in these columns some time ago — of a minimal scale for the entire country, with extra payments for difficult or superior classes of work and localities where the cost of living is above the average. The jurisdiction is now divided into three districts, with a time basis of fifty- four hours a week. In some particulars the scale dif¬ fers materially from what we have been accustomed to. In Sweden a sort of sliding scale prevails, based on the length of time a journeyman has worked at the business. Following out this plan, in one district the minimum wages during the first year after apprentice¬ ship is $5.30, for the second year $6, after which the full minimum rate of $6.48 is paid. The arrangement for overtime does not sound so strangely, for some¬ thing akin to it is found in some of our newspaper scales, being adopted for the purpose of meeting condi¬ tions incident to the publication of large Sunday papers. Under Swedish rules, not over twelve hours’ over¬ time is worked in any one week, and for the first three hours, time and a half is paid; for the rest, double time. The extra payments referred to for different localities vary from five to thirty per cent. The important and significant thing about this is that in Sweden they do not attempt to settle such matters by strikes or lockouts. FIRE PROTECTION. HERE is, it seems, a somewhat widespread im¬ pression that when once a building, large or small, has been equipped with an automatic sprinkler system and properly connected with the city mains, there is naught to be done but reduce the insurance policies or maintain them at half the former premiums, and sleep secure o’ nights, free from all fear of fire. This, however, is not so ; ’tis but another instance of extreme optimism — an optimism unwarranted by fact. A building properly protected with automatic sprinkler systems is infinitely more safe for life and property than one not so protected ; but the benefits 54 THE INLAND PRINTER flowing from the installation of such a system are imperfectly understood. It does not follow that rates of premium will be lowered simply because a building or part of one has been piped for sprinklers. Rates will not be affected to an appreciable degree unless at least two things occur jointly. The building must, first, be entirely equipped — it will not do if a portion only be given this added protection ; and secondly, it must be isolated. In such case, and especially if it be a factory building situated at some distance from other structures, the premiums may be subject to a reduc¬ tion of from one-third to one half. Local conditions will control very largely here, as in all matters pertain¬ ing to fire insurance rates. But this view of the possible reduction of premium is by no means the only view, nor really the proper view, to take of this matter. It is very true that print¬ ers pay, and for years have paid, a rate of premium that is higher than that paid by other lines of industry, where the risks are actually as great. But printers are paying for past sins of their forbears and some of their compeers. And careful and cleanly though the present shipowners and shops may be, the rates have been fixed as for the untidy, unclean and really dangerous offices of the past ; and the rates change but slowly, far more slowly than printing-office conditions change for the better. A little more or a little less on the thousand dollars is a matter of small consequence,' however, when com¬ parison is made with the loss or the preservation of an office. And here is the service of the sprinkler. It is intended simply as the ounce of prevention that shall make unnecessary the pound of cure in the shape of a draft from the insurance company after the ruins have ceased to smoke. It will not stop a conflagration that has raged over half a city ; it can not maintain intact a building exposed to the fierce heat that is destroying its neighbor building, separated perhaps by an alley, perhaps by a flimsy brick wall. But this it does : When fire makes itself evident within the protected building, the sprinkler pours a ceaseless flow of water upon the spot where the danger is, drowning it ere it can acquire headway. It will also, in the best installations, auto¬ matically summon firemen and watchmen, that they also may do battle if that seems necessary, or shut off the flow of water if there is no more fire. It will be said that damage from water may often exceed that from fire, but there are insurance policies which provide for this feature also. And a gentle soaking with water will usually cause far less loss to the printer than a combination of fire and smoke and water. I have said that a sprinkler system would not pro¬ tect a building against the sweep of flames from out¬ side. And yet there comes to mind an instance where the persistent playing of a multitude of these infinitesi¬ mal streams of water upon the floors and beams of a brick building was largely instrumental in preserving the building itself and reducing to a minimum the damage to its contents. This was exceptional, but it was of great value to the owners, as well as assisting materially in stopping the spread of the conflagration. As for the fires within the buildings which have been stopped in their very incipiency, their number is legion. Hence, the printer who occupies a few rooms or a few floors in a building, and causes his interests to be protected by means of automatic sprinklers, will not reduce his payments of premiums, probably, but he will render himself practically immune so far as con¬ cerns fire starting within his own rooms. R. C. M. OPEN=CUT TYPE AND OTHER THINGS. VIDENTLY the type designers and founders are moving in the right direction in many ways, for note that, among other things, one of the latest type¬ faces is advertised in part thus : “ Its open cut pre¬ vents filling up of counters, and insures a sharp, clean impression even on very rough stock.” This sounds well. In these columns some time ago the writer advo¬ cated as large openings as consistent in all letters where there was possible trouble because of their fill¬ ing up when running heavy ink. In some of the late black-faced letters the openings in the lower-case let¬ ters “ e,” “ a,” cap. “A ” and some others are so very small in the six and eight point sizes that it is next to impossible to run them on rough stock and not have them print solid. I have believed right along that the designers could design type with an open cut and not lose the desired style. And the openings in the letters referred to above could have been made larger — in fact some of the letters are furnished in two styles, one with a respectable opening and the other with almost none. While speaking of type designing, it will not be amiss to say that to my way of thinking these two styles of the same letters in a font of type are a nui¬ sance. Of course these letters may be used advanta¬ geously at times, but the trouble in keeping the two kinds separate by dividing the boxes, or picking the one wanted out of a box of type, is more than the thing is worth. The type salesman will tell you what a great thing it is to have some of the letters made both fat and lean, “ such nice lines can be made,” etc. But suppose there happen to be none of these letters in the line being set; and isn’t it just as probable that the line will not go in the stick when the thin letters are used, as that it will? In my opinion the great majority of printers will be better pleased if but one style of each letter is furnished with the fonts, and that one neat and plain. If the typefounders will cut out all letters of a freakish nature of their new faces, they will often be saved the expense of making new characters after the type is on the' market,1 and will give the printers type that will not soon become an' eyesore. E. B. D. THE INLAND PRINTER 55 SUGGESTIVE VALUE OF SPECIMENS. LET the foreman take home your trade journals ^ and read them at his leisure ! Possibly he takes one or more — certainly he does if he is progressive and enterprising; quite likely you have from one to half a dozen others that he does not have and does not think he can afford to buy. But he is interested in each one; and if given opportunity he will read them all and compare and sift what they have to say, deriving from this process far more real benefit than if restricted to those which he felt able to pay for. He will find mat¬ ters of interest to him, matters that spell money-saving ' to you by reason of new: or simpler or speedier methods of production hitherto unknown in your shop, but fully practical and set forth by those who have experience of their merits and demerits. True, these you might .‘see by your own reading, but you will find it of advan¬ tage that the foreman also has seen and understands the change or improvement which you desire to intro¬ duce. And many a hint that may have escaped your eye will be patent to him, suggesting difficulties over¬ come and experiences gained, of which you may reap benefits. You have, too, no doubt, books theoretical and books practical upon matters of interest to the craft. Let him take these for as careful perusal as he .will give them. Suggest those in which you think he might bave especial interest. Explain such parts as seem difficult or obscure, and listen to his own observa¬ tions — he may be nearer the truth than your earlier ideas were. And have no fear of lack of interest on the part of •other workmen. Allow them to read freely such of your trade journals and even books as they do not have for themselves, stipulating only that the periodicals be returned in good order and at the time agreed, that they may be passed to the next. A little judgment will keep the working force of a small shop supplied with ■technical literature of the best kind for nearly or quite the entire month, to the vast betterment of the interest displayed and the work produced by all, from the fore¬ man to the office boy. Nor would I stop there. I like to drop carelessly upon the desk or the tables at which patrons are wont do sit the artistic creations of typefounders, of paper dealers, of publishers of trade papers chiefest of all. Never tell me that the general public does not under¬ stand and appreciate the qualities that make for good printing in its technical and perhaps least obvious -sense ! Times without number have my visitors begged or sought to buy some particularly attractive bit of work setting forth new type or new shade or finish of paper; ‘scores of copies of The Inland Printer have been borrowed for a day or a week. Orders, more than a few, have come because of desire to duplicate or adapt a taking folder or a striking advertisement. Now, none of these orders had been, as it were, premeditated. They came because the perfection of the printed sheet •roused emulative thoughts and because with the thoughts came every incentive to immediate action — none to delay. Possibly the captious will discover herein the germ of that “ sordid commercialism ” so ardently denounced and so openly worshiped by opposite groups of print¬ ers and of publicans; but I plead not guilty. Were there never an order from this display, I would still maintain it, and with equal pleasure. That orders come, • does not detract from the pleasure of having these varied beacons of printing progress within one’s constant view, nor does it militate against that pleasure if one who sees them with equal keenness of vision fails to purchase for his own. The pleasure of doing this is of itself reward enough, whether the recipient of the book or the brochure be the foreman or the office boy, a civic officer or an occasional caller. Put before your workmen and your friends and customers the very best that is produced in the way of letterpress and plate printing. You will educate the one to a greater degree of skill and pride in the production of such work, you will educate the other to fuller appreciation of the beauty of the work you are producing. These latter will soon demand a higher and ever higher standard, but this will be met by the output of the men who are being trained consciously and unconsciously to a degree of skill superior to and hardly possible to be attained by those who labor with¬ out incentive and encouragement such as I have sug¬ gested. Educate your workman ; make him feel that there is in his task far more than day’s work and day’s wages; inspire and strengthen him when he shows interest and capacity for learning. Thus may it come about that the loud-lamented incompetency of workmen shall be a thing of the past — • a consummation most devoutly to be wished ! R. C. M. Written for The Inland Printer. “ CAN’T I HAVE IT RIGHT AWAY?” BY STRICKLAND W. GILLILAN. I sat beside the estimator’s desk one afternoon — He hadn’t had a smell of lunch, but said he’d “ join me soon.” I know a very little of the art preservative And hadn’t a suggestion or a helpful hunch to give. So there I sat and listened, in a meditative way, To tales of woe, each ending, “ Can’t I have it right away? ” I didn’t understand another syllable I heard; The articles were Greek to me to which those men referred. They talked about the kinds of type, the grades of stock and all, Of picas, slugs and nonpareil, till I was like to fall From weariness; and every man in leaving turned to say: “ I guess you understand me — and I want it right away! ” No matter what was wanted, if ’twas letter-heads or bills, Or circulars to wrap around some anti-bilious pills; No matter if the job would take a week or maybe more, Or if the same job made him wait a half a month before. Each patron turned with anxious look, while hustling out, to say: “ Oh, yes — I didn’t tell you that I want it right away ! ” “ I s’pose it’s human nature,” sighed that printer-man to me, “ But I have yet the very first wise customer to see; They wait until they’re out of all the printed stuff they’d got, And then come rushing in to be replenished on the spot. They’ll wait to give the order till the very latest day, Then tear their hair and tell us they ‘ must have it right away! ’ ” J. S. BATTLESHIP KENTUCKY, UNDER SEARCHLIGHT. Flagship Asiatic Squadron, under Rear-Admiral Robley D. Evans, U. S. N. (Now coming home.) THE INLAND PRINTER 57 BY THOMAS WOOD STEVENS. In this department critical comment on current books, mag¬ azines and other publications will be given from a literary, artistic and typographical standpoint. Material for illustration of works to be reviewed may also be desirable. Address all matters pertaining to this department to The Inland Printer Company, Chicago. The Imperial Press, at Cleveland, puts forth a small book entitled, “About Book Making: an Address before the Row- fant Club in Cleveland, by George French.” The edition is limited to no copies. The subject is considered in a rapid, logical review, with strong leanings toward the artistic phase. This address, holding as it does to the generality, and speaking with clear and sincere force, has in it more of the author’s real contribution to the craft than his larger volume, reviewed in the February number of this journal. Mr. French is not afraid of his own opinions; yet one can not refuse to admit that, when the subject is art, it is safer to speak in general terms. When the subject is bookmaking, few words are more welcome than those of Mr. French. In the present work, the author takes up, after a quick sur¬ vey of the past of printing, the real problems of the book¬ maker. His chapter on the optical quality, founded, as it is, on good observation and clear thinking, is worthy of all atten¬ tion. It does not argue the details of the matter, but gives briefly some of the causes of optical defects in printing, and suggests the remedy. In fact, the treatment suggests more than it gives ; it pictures forth a section in a long treatise, involving figures and examples, and dealing with the question in a spirit of scientific research and proof. Such a work from Mr. French would be gladly received. But in it, as in the present book, an improvement in clearness will be noted when the author leaves off his habit of using the technical terms of pictorial art — terms which he handles freely in a limited sense and partial meaning that can not fail to confuse the reader, be he artist or layman ; and which, we are bound to confess, give an impression that the author himself is not wholly clear. Mr. French’s remarks about the desirable harmony between format and literary motive are worth while. This matter has been so much written about and seems so self-evident on its face that nothing further should be necessary. In fact, we suspect that mere statement, writing the thing down, is of little value here. From the continued failures of the craft in this respect, it may be observed that examples, not advice, will do the work — if it is ever done. And teaching by example carries its own difficulty — the consequent curse of imitation. As an example, “About Book Making” is not what one might be moved to call a vital force. It teaches little that is specially admirable; and this, we hope, is not because of an effort to harmonize the material with the author’s literary manner. The presswork, while involving no special difficulty, is done in a workmanlike manner; the typographical design is neat, but not to be further characterized ; the paper is of a fair quality. The cover is stamped rather carelessly with an ordinary I’art nouveau panel, which gains no distinction from its lack of harmony with the text letter used in connection; but this is an affair of externals — it has naught to do with what lies within. In all the work of the late Stephen Crane there was one quality that would not down : he had the trick — the ultra¬ modern trick — of surprising the reader at every turn; and when the narrative would not serve this purpose, he never scorned a resort to purely technical methods — startling phrases and violent dashes of color — to the devil for and with the means; the end was the thing. Now this is heroic treatment for a jaded taste. And further, it takes courage, for there must be a limit to the game, somewhere; this limit Crane did not live to reach. But in his last book, “ The O’Ruddy,” which was finished after his death by his friend, Robert Barr, the reader is shown the difference between Crane and another man. Of that anon. “The O’Ruddy” is the most romantic and the most enjoy¬ able work of its lamented author. It is also inclined to sheer burlesque in more places than one; which, in a romantic book, can not fail to be a virtue, according to some lights. We resent the cutting of the scenes between the nurse and Peter, in Romeo and Juliet, even while we are enthralled with the affairs of the star-crossed lovers. The story of Mr. Crane’s delightful gentleman, however, is practically without suspense in its love-movement, the hero being too irresistible. O’Ruddy is left, at the death of his father, with certain estates in Ireland (of doubtful value, and heavily mortgaged already), a little ready money and some valuable papers belonging to the powerful Earl of Westport, who lives in London. These papers had been entrusted to the elder O’Ruddy while serving in France, and that worthy had never read them, chiefly because he could not read. So, as soon after his father’s death as he decently could — that is, as soon as the best brandy was gone — the son of the house set out for Lon¬ don, to deliver the papers to their right¬ ful owner. Arrived at Bristol, he suddenly found himself “a young gentleman from the country ” ; he also found young Lord Strepp, son of the earl, at the same inn, and in the act of damning a waiter in language “that would have set fire to a stone bridge.” That same evening O’Ruddy took up a quarrel with a redoubtable colonel, a friend of my lord’s, and the next day defeated the gentleman in a duel. Also he met the earl, delivered the papers, was repulsed with scorn, and became the slave of the Lady Mary, who was the earl’s lovely daughter. Rapidly following these events he acquired a servant in the nature of a wild and flame-capped countryman named Paddy; another in the person of a highwayman of note, hight Jem Bottles ; and made the acquaintance of the countess herself, who is a fine and picturesque termagant. This lady, undaunted by his fame as a duelist, attacked him violently, chasing him around a table in the common room of the inn ; seeing a chance to escape, the O’Ruddy bolted; as he pertinently remarks, “ The escape must have been a great spectacle, but I had no time for appearances. As I was passing out the door, the countess, in her disappointed rage, threw a heavy ivory fan after me, which struck an innocent bystander in the eye, for which he apologized.” It would be quite impossible to even suggest the O’Ruddy adventures on the way to London — or, for that matter, after 58 THE INLAND PRINTER his arrival — in a review. He has as many and as daring escapades as the older heroes of Irish fiction, and has them faster. All goes well for some twenty-seven chapters, in the last of which he wins the consent of Lady Mary in a fine bit of comedy wooing, locked in with the lady while her family rages outside; and is let out by a little garden gate, with his only consolation “ the remembrance of a little dab at my lips as I passed through, as brief and unsatisfactory as the peck of a sparrow.” Thus ends Chapter XXVII ; and Chapter XXVIII begins, “ It was a beautiful day = — ” This point, apparently, is the end of Crane and the begin¬ ning of Barr ; for what follows is comparatively tame, and all that went before was wild enough to suit the most fastidious. Considering the difficulty of the problem, Mr. Barr has done as well as one might expect. It was not his fault that the story itself, or rather the plot, was. neither new nor uncommon. And that he be able to do more than complete the tale without noticeable inconsistency was not to be hoped. So the fine joy and travesty of the central figure ends with the winning of the lady’s heart, the formalities in regard to her hand being entirely regular, and happening as in many another book of the same type. “The O’Ruddy” is brought out by the Frederick A. Stokes Company, carelessly printed and supplied with one illustration, or a partially colored affair that passes for one; bound with a spirited figure stamped on the front cover. All standing as a fine example of a piece of printing that has neither charm of its own nor harmony with the literary motive; exactly the soft of performance that is ably crucified in Mr. French’s book noted above; which saves further discussion. In “ Gee-Boy,” by Mr. Cyrus Lauron Hooper, of Chicago, John Lane publishes one more book which he is pleased to class, for advertising purposes, with Kenneth Grahame’s “ The Golden Age ” and “ Dream Days.” The classification is evi¬ dently for revenue only. It is true that the first half of “ Gee-Boy ” is devoted to a psychological study of childhood and boyhood; also that the author shows a fondness for the epigram and the periodic sentence, a precosity of phrase that might have found its inspiration in Mr. Grahame’s rather elaborate style; at this point the resemblance ends. The latter half of the book has nothing in. common with any classics of child life — the hero being grown up into an interesting, introspective man with a somber cast to his experience. Even in the work which treats of the child, Mr. Hooper’s aim is wholly apart from that of the work to which his book has been so graciously compared. Mr. Grahame seems never to deal with the psychology of the child for its own sake; he touches it only in its imaginative phases, and there chiefly for a sort of pageantry of effect. Mr. Hooper’s book is primarily a study, wherein everything is sacrificed to enrich the curious portrait of the hero — boy and man — and psychological detail is furnished in vast quantities, as furthering this end. The story itself is fairly simple. It begins with the child’s first efforts to realize his identity — the problem of I am me. Follows the detail of his intellectual growth ; the discovery of Fanfinx, the girl next door, whom he contracts the habit of loving. Up to the middle of the book the author spends all loving care in elaborating this strange boy — a melancholy figure, standing alone, renaming all things in a vain endeavor to bring them over into the world of his fancy, and eternally poring over the problems of life and the soul. Then events move more rapidly. Gee-Boy marries Fanfinx, being tricked to it, and the real girl of his love being tricked out of it. Fan¬ finx proves unworthy, scorns his poverty, detects him in his dream of poetic fame, and finally elopes with another man ; in which reprehensible act she is very properly drowned. Gee- Boy wanders away, goes to many schools, and after twenty years finds himself in Paris, with the completed manuscript of a book in which he hopes to analyze the fate of the soul ; this book he burns, since it fails to prove all that he had hoped. Then he enlists, fights in all lands where there is fighting to be done, and appears again in the reader’s ken, this time in a Cuban battle, where he lies waiting under fire, and discusses psychology with his former tutor, who is a captain in the same circumstance. From this captain he learns the truth of Fan- finx’s duplicity, and goes back to the real girl at last. This girl, as the reader might have guessed from her name — which is Ruth — had waited for him, and all ends as it should. In all this the most enthusiastic reader will find difficulty in tracing a resemblance to thei books which Mr. Lane so con¬ fidently declares are of the same ilk. But considered for itself, Gee-Boy has many points of interest. The style is that of a man who does not trifle; it sometimes becomes heavy — even academic- — but never uses words other than seriously. The advantage which the author secures from a careful exclusion of all except vital incidents, especially in the latter part of the story, is often sacrificed in an overelaboration of these incidents themselves. Structurally, the balance is not all it might be. But these are technical matters. And where is the book you would not like to edit, just a little, in order to bring it wholly to your liking? * * In the modern field of pseudo-historical romance there is no single writer with so much to his credit as Stanley J. Weyman. No one knows more perfectly the resources of the sliding panel, the mysterious influence of villains, the scorn¬ ful heroine, and the sword-fight on the stairs; no one brings you up with a sharper gasp when the heroine disappears, or the hero finds that the papers on which his very life depended have been stolen. Some of Mr. Weyman’s books have been romances in the best sense; tales in which the action never flags yet never falls from logical sequence; in which suspense grows from line to line and from chapter to chapter; and where men are brave and ladies fair and proud without losing the characteristics of living blood. But his latest story, “The Long Night,” published by McClure, Phillips & Co., shows in direful fashion the result when even so old a hand loses interest in the game. The book is filled with the regular romance stuff. The plot is what it should be in many respects, cleverly tangled and filled with powerful forces in well-balanced struggle. The cast of characters is practically the same as that used in all the author’s novels. But the vital spark that animated “ A Gentleman of France” and “The Castle Inn” is wholly lack¬ ing. The machinery is the same, but it moves with a rickety wooden thunder that drowns the still small music of heart¬ beats. The plot deals with an effort on the part of the Grand Duke of Savoy to take the free city of Geneva, in the year 1602. The Duke sends into the city a fakir and scholar, one Caesar Basterga, who is equipped with a scheme for bringing over the Syndic of the Guard. Then comes in the hero, a French student, who takes lodging at the house with Basterga. From this the tale winds itself up in witchcraft and treachery. The mad landlady in the top floor raves occasionally; her wooden daughter, the heroine, indulges in a series of sense¬ less sacrifices ; the hero threatens everybody at intervals, and the villain Basterga subdues them all with a flood of plots and quotations from the Latin poets. At the end, the wicked Syndic is hanged; the mad land¬ lady kills the villain by dropping an iron pot on him from the third-story window, and the hero saves the city by a fight in a stairway and an opportune dropping of the portcullis. Altogether, the tale suffers even more by its sheer length — the stuffing of the action with nonessential materials — than from any other cause. One does not n^ed much humanity in a work of this sort, but, surely, one has a right to expect, that the action will move without impediment. THE INLAND PRINTER 59 The book is embellished with sixteen illustrations by Solo¬ mon J. Solomon, which, without adding materially to the artist’s reputation, have the distinct merit of illustrating the The j It is < ing it. While there are many magazines now in the field, or very near it, the editor claims for the new journal a special mission in the world. It is not to consider the home from an artistic standpoint, nor yet to fill its columns with matter that can have an interest only by its bearing on the lighter side of social life. It will not, the publishers imply, compete with The House Beautiful or The Ladies’ Home Journal. In this there is space for gratitude. The ] attention is its attitude toward household affairs ; for here it will look at everything from the : AN INDEX EXPURG ATORIUS. on THE INLAND PRINTER’S psL' ”d -*• sssrat A V T'rf taSoSaS' oTSS pa st Answer. — I never spell it, but if I did it would be in the lat¬ ter form. I know nothing of any particular fashion in the matter, though it may be that many persons do omit the word, and they may do as they choose. A Plan of Reading.— C. G. K„ Battle Creek, Michigan, writes : “ Our plan in reading is for one reader to ‘ look over ’ first proof to eliminate typographical errors, etc., and then read the copy to another reader, who holds the proof. The first proof is then revised, and the matter is read finally in the page before going to foundry or press. What is your 60 THE INLAND PRINTER opinion of that plan? How many galleys of ten-point leaded 22 ems wide ought two readers to get out in an hour?” Answer. — The plan seems cumbrous. It uses a proofreader’s time for doing copy-holder’s work, and that can hardly be necessary when the proofs are revised and afterward have a final reading. Close comparison on the first round of proof and copy, having the copy read to the proofreader by a good copy-reader, should be sufficient. Of course the first reading may leave some typographical errors uncorrected; it probably would, nearly always. But if that were not so, why have any other reading? It is very difficult to say how much work a reader should do. In fact, it seems to be just the right question to leave open for discussion. Please let us have opin¬ ions on the subject from a number of those interested. An address before the London Association of Correctors of the Press elicited the following answer in The Printing World: “ In Mr. Frank Colebrook’s lecture on the reader’s status there is at least one remark that betrays the amateur. Mr. Colebrook says : ‘ Ideal reading, it seems to me, is for the reader to hold the copy and let his assist¬ ant take tlje proofs; and then for the reader to go over the proof for the literals.’ Mr. Colebrook does not say who shouts — the boy or the man. In either case the system is thoroughly rotten. If the boy shouts, the man, biassed by what he hears, gives insuffi¬ cient weight to what he sees, and uncon¬ sciously consents to error. If the man shouts, the boy promptly goes to sleep, and placidly consents to every¬ thing ; because the apparently simple process of giving full attention simultaneously with eye and ear is in reality very difficult, and expertness in it comes only after careful traiiiing. Dr. Mortimer Granville has pointed out that, with respect to seeing and hearing, mankind may be divided into two classes. He found out by experiment that some per¬ sons are more acute with their ears, others with their eyes; and that the ears and the eyes were very seldom of equal importance to the same person as gateways of knowledge. The corrector, however, must learn to coordinate these faculties; and, with most of us, this can only be done after a rather severe course of training. Hence the folly of entrusting so delicate a task to a boy. To shout to a boy is disastrous; indeed, a prudent reader will never suggest a single word, because the boy is sure to yield a too willing consent. It is a very natural failing. It is for this reason that the good judge or magistrate will not allow counsel ‘ to put words into a witness’s mouth.’ When the boy shouts from the proof, not only is the corrector biassed in favor of what he hears, but, in the case of bad copy, he can not travel as . fast as the boy, and this inequality of pace is fatal to accuracy. I have made many experiments in this line, and have found nothing so sat¬ isfactory as the usual plan of letting the boy shout from the copy. I do not claim that this is a perfect system, but only that it is the best system that is practicable. I suppose that, to ensure the greatest degree of accuracy, proof and copy ought to be compared in every possible way; but such an ideal sys¬ tem would send up the cost of reading to three or four times the amount commonly recognized. Where extreme accuracy was required, I have known this system to be pursued: (i) Corrector compares copy and proof word for word ; (2) boy shouts from copy; (3) boy shouts from revised proof, reader holding copy; (4) press reader compares with copy; (5) proof is finally scrutinized for press, with occasional reference to copy in cases of doubt. I have read Bibles, and other classics, by this tedious system, with results that have strik¬ ingly convinced me of the painful fallibility of the ordinary procedure. I say ‘painful,’ because it is really distressing to have found out beyond question that the system under which one is compelled to work is so imperfect, so full of snares and pitfalls. Employers do not make allowance for the imper¬ fections of the makeshift system imposed upon the corrector by the exigencies of business, for the simple reason that employers are as ignorant in the matter as I was prior to my initiation into the art of reprinting the Bible with an ap¬ proximation to abso¬ lute correctness, or as Mr. Frank Colebrook still is, in spite of his extraordinarily keen native intelligence. Experience teaches.” A Style - Book. — Of the making of style-books there is no end. One has come to us from the Review and Herald Publishing Company, Battle Creek, Michi¬ gan, with a request for criticism. The letter accompanying it says that of course no claim of infallibility is made for it, which may be only another expression for the same feeling that might lead another to say, “ Opinions differ.” At least that is the uppermost thought on glancing over the work, for the points most prominent are the ones that are decided in a manner contrary to the critic’s preferences. It may be that this is one of the beauties of the work; for it is most particularly for settling doubtful points of practice that a style-book is used. Of course infallibility in any respect is never a human attainment, and nobody ever did or ever will make a style-book that every other person who could make or use one would not wish to annihilate, rather than to praise, if the trouble were taken to analyze it. This one seems very much like all the others in general plan and arrangement. Most of them are divided into certain sections much alike in subject, and the order of the subjects seems to be of slight importance, unless possibly for some local reason. Here the order is Capitalize, Abbreviate, Citations, Compound Words, Dates, Division of Words, Figures, Itali¬ cize, Letter Form, Lower Case, Punctuation, Quotations, Spac¬ ing, Spell Out, Miscellaneous. The examples chosen with reference to capitalizing are especially left unaccompanied by anything like a rule, and for this reason it was well to give a great many of them. They are arranged in paragraphs, each of which indicates a fairly distinct class of analogous terms. The second of these is : “ Names of officers of societies, when used in proceedings of such societies, as President, Vice-President, etc.” It may be Photo by E. M. Keating. ROUSING BRUIN FROM HIS LAIR. THE INLAND PRINTER 61 that this would not mislead, but one person at any rate would prefer more accurate expression. The terms meant are not names of officers, but the titles of their offices. “New York City ” is given, and it is common ; but why ? “ City ” is not part of the name. On the contrary, the form “ the First Methodist church ” is prescribed, when “ Church ” is part of the name. Titles of nobility are to have capitals “ when refer¬ ring to specific persons ; as, the Earl of Surrey, the Prince of Wales, the Queen of England; but Victoria, queen of Eng¬ land, etc.” Some other way should be found for directing such a dif¬ ference of form, if the difference must be had ; actually naming a person, as in the last example, makes a more specific refer¬ ence than any of the others. There is a great temptation to dwell on this subject of capitalizing on such an occasion, because the reviewer has never seen a style-sheet that included every case that presents doubts; but probably no amount of dwelling on it will ever result in actual accomplishment of such inclusiveness. One thing sadly needed is a breaking away from the habit of fol¬ lowing some leader, and an infusion of real reason, regardless of the mere fact that some other person has said the thing and has found other imitators. For instance, some style-card made some time ago had the direction, “fourth of July, but the glorious Fourth,” and this has been copied by almost every¬ body since. It seems to be time for some style-maker to recognize the fact that the capital letter is demanded by reason in one of these cases as much as in the other, for the numeral word is never spelled out except in its use as the name of the holiday, which is the Fourth of July. In this connection we may revert to the church instance. It must be this same copying that leads to the inconsistency there, for the rule, if not the example, as stated in this style- book, appears in many others. Here we have directions for Michigan Tract Society, etc., but First Methodist church. Reason, and even instinctive impulse, demands the same treat¬ ment for the last word of every such name. Examples of such copying are found in other connections' also. Such is the direction to follow the Standard Dictionary in division of words, unless otherwise instructed. The “ other¬ wise v. instructions might well be included in the work itself, at least in the matter of certain large classes of words, since no one can follow this or any other dictionary without making a special study of it, and often the proofreader will change even when the dictionary is followed, although the varying instruction has not been given. Two words in point are the Standard’s conj unc-tive and disj unct-ive, a clear case of dis¬ tinction without a difference. The reviewer finds many things set down at variance with his preferences, but that is, of course, inevitable. Just two things are needed without which a style-card or style-book is almost worse than useless, and they are reasonableness and clearness. TRITE QUESTION SPRIGHTLY PHRASED. After the proofreader follows his vocation a year or two, he is not moved by other considerations than the “ Style of the Office.” But at times he is agitated because he can not reconcile tradition, common sense, and the office style; and at such times it may happen that he writes to a trade journal a pathetic appeal like this : “Will you please take up and settle the vexed question of the proper use of capitals? It would be of great service to proofreaders could you work out some logical rules that might be practiced in all offices.” Of course, this is a very little thing. Possessed of enough wisdom of the right kind, one could dispose finally of the whole question between cigarettes. On this periodical’s staff are writers qualified to grapple with and throw any subject at catchweights. Most of them are busy just now with baseball schedules and other vital matters, or I would turn this proposi¬ tion over to them. As it is, I must even do my poor best to write an adequate answer, compressing it into the space of a page or so, although it really requires a volume of many pages. All the books I have ever read on the subject of capitalizing start out with the rule that every proper name must begin with a capital. It is a good rule to look at, but it does not always justify that presentable appearance by its use in the proof¬ reader’s work. The question I suppose my proofreader friend had in mind, when he was moved to make his appeal, had to do with the perplexing problem of proper names used as adjectives. This I assume, because every proofreader every day spends time and wastes excellent profanity upon the inconsistencies that glare from this side of the capital letter question. We print, for example, india rubber, india ink, and paris green, but we dare not let the proof go through if it says brazilian diamonds or Canadian mutton. Also, we refer to books bound in morocco and russia leather, but we use German metal where gold is too expensive. When we travel we may carry a Gladstone bag, although we ride to the railway station in a brougham, and on such journeys we may wear a raglan overcoat, even though we have a Norfolk jacket underneath. If we go hunting, our armament may include a Remington rifle and Colt revolver, even though we have a bowie-knife swung to our belt. At dinner we drink champagne and eat Dutch cheese from china plates. In some restaurants we eat little-neck clams in preference to Rockaway oysters. We drive over macadamized roads in sections where the Telford pavement has not been adopted. In the same Zoo we may find a Bengal tiger and a gila monster. Often, in labor dis¬ putes, there is much buncombe talked about the boycott, although the hall may be lit by Welsbach or Edison lights. Surgeons operate using listerine in performing Cesarean sec¬ tion. Over in France, where there are a few Pullman cars nowadays, they still kill major criminals with the guillotine. Even we printers are never certain whether we are using roman or Roman letter, although we invariably use italics; and we may use lining gothic in some shops, but there are others that purchase only lining Gothic. Now, why is it? There is no answer. There is no general and broad reason for these variations, not even the one recently offered by an English contemporary, which assumed that “in those instances in which the lower-case letter gives us no shock, the origin of the adjective has sunk into comparative insignificance; while in those instances which seem to clamor for a cap., the sense of origin is predominant.” This sense of origin varies so greatly that no rule can be based on it; and at best such a reason lacks point. Why should we forget Captain Boycott, Colonel Bowie, Lord Brougham and Sir John Lister; preserve the personal memory of the Duke of Norfolk and Colonel Colt; and be uncertain whether Lord Raglan’s sartorial creation was a capital offence? Because Morocco is an insignificant state, and China sunk into innocu¬ ous desuetude, need we humiliate those countries, while exalt¬ ing such obscure principalities as are answerable for Westpha¬ lian hams and Brie cheese? — the more as we eat frankfurters and limburger at schuetzenfests and drink burgundy and champagne at the same place where they sell Chianti and Rhine wine. Possibly the best, because the shortest, way to a solution is to follow the German method of dealing with adjectives derived from proper names or otherwise. Long ago our Teutonic brethren adopted the invariable rule of printing every adjective with a lower-case initial. Even though it might savor of irreverence and cause thrills of horror to refer to a wicks rotary, a morse telegraph, or a hoe press — the latter has an agricultural sound, to be sure — at least the German method has the merit of removing the inconsistent appearance our own way produces. — D. G. Moran. THE INLAND PRINTER 63 subject, we do not necessarily indorse the opinions of contribu Anonymous letters will not be noticed; therefore correspondents please give names — not necessarily for publication, but as a guarantee of good faith. All letters of more than one thousand words will be sub- where the old-timers may be rejuvenated in its presence and their survivors worship at its shrine. The old gentleman standing in the doorway is Mr. Thomas R. Fisher, an honorary member of local union, No. 49, who is now in his seventy-fifth year. He has from 100 to 125 subscribers for The Inland Printer in Denver and also car¬ ries a stock of cigars and tobacco at the various newspaper offices for the accommodation of the workmen. Mr. Fisher’s first work at the case was at Lebanon, Ohio, in 1849. C. E. Palmer. A PRINTER’S STEPPING-STONE. To the Editor: Denver, Colo., March 2, 1904. Old-time “ tourist ” printers will recognize in the accom¬ panying picture what has been the “ stepping-stone ” to “ three squares and a bed” for many a tired printer after a long jump from K. C, St. Joe, or some other “river” town. It is the THOMAS R. FISHER, Seventy-five years of age, Denver Agent of The Inland Printer. doorstep leading to the composing-room of the Denver Repub¬ lican, and scarcely a printer, making the trip from either the coast or Missouri river, but whose foot has trod this stone step. Denver has ever been the oasis in the desert, and was never sidestepped by the tourist, and the Republican office was visited by all who “ blew in ” either to pass their cards or “ show up ” for a night’s work. This particular stone step will recall visions of the days gone by before the machine robbed the craft of its romantic figure — the tourist printer. It has been in position for over twenty-three years, and if we were to compute the number of “ soles ” which have passed over this threshold there would not be enough ciphers in the magazine of this “ mill ” to express it. They have left their impress in what the poets delight in calling “ imperishable stone,” and this, portal and the long stairs leading to the com¬ posing-room of the Denver Republican will be recalled by the survivors of the vast, army of tourists of the “ good old days,” and reminiscences will at once be in order. It must soon go the way of the old, the worn-out servants of mankind, and what more fitting resting place could this relic find than in the Denver room of the Printers’ Home at Colorado Springs, TYPEWRITER CIRCULARS AGAIN. To the Editor: Springfield, Ohio, March 10, 1904. I note a query in the Pressroom Department and a com¬ munication on the “ Spacing of Typewriter Circulars ” besides my observations dealing with the subject in the Composing- room Department. In view of the current interest in this line of work, I offer the following supplementary results of experi¬ menting : (1) Mr. Harley Barnes’ note that the compositor must either set the circulars “ solid,” or spaced between lines either with nonpareils or picas, to preserve the imitation. (2) The ribbon-face type of the typefoundry imitates only the Remington machine to-date. (3) The typefoundry does furnish a printing-ink that matches the ribbon they also furnish. This eliminates the ink difficulty. (4) The method I described in the March Inland Printer, though the best at that writing, I have improved on, to wit : Instead of locking the silk between the sides of the form and the furniture next to it, carry the silk somewhat beyond the form on all sides and then run it down between furniture in the way described in March Inland Printer. This prevents the edges of the form from cutting through silk after some five or six hours’ running, and less blurring results. With these additional* precautions the trick is turned to the t. Of course, it is imperative that the minimum impression be used and that a square and rigid one, and a frisket carried. We are turning out circulars by the thousands for leading firms in this way and get the highest market price; therefore it is commercially satisfactory besides being the most expe¬ ditious and profitable. Eugene St. John. THE BRITISH WORKMAN. To the Editor: Northampton, Eng., Jan. 26, 1904. As an enthusiastic reader and ardent admirer of The Inland Printer, I should like to say a few words by way of protest to the pessimistic remarks made by H. W., of London, which appeared in your issue for January, as to the Condition of designing and engraving in this country. Your correspond¬ ent is evidently a native of the “big village” from which he writes, it being a characteristic trait of many such natives not to “know where they are,” and further than this, it is apparent that he does not know what he is talking about, and can not be overburdened with the faculty of observation, or he never would have made such a remark; it is a gross mis¬ statement of fact, and as such is calculated to mislead the majority of your readers. Although in England it may not have been so rapid as in America, yet I maintain that solid and satisfactory progress has been made, as is proved by the eulogistic notices and crit¬ icisms that have appeared from time to time in American trade journals, so that things are not in such a chaotic state as H. W. would have us believe, and I am fully convinced that greater progress would have been made but for two reasons : first, the inherent conservative and lethargic spirit which dominated, until recent years, British business methods, and secondly, the everlasting cry for cheapness — quantity rather than qual¬ ity being the order of the day — so that really there was no 64 THE INLAND PRINTER demand for anything above the commonplace. Therefore, it was not so much a question of talent, but the want of a little enterprise on the part of the manufacturer to spend his money and create a demand for something out of the ordinary. Now that such a demand has been made, I think it has been met by an equal supply of good work, and would say that it is going too far to make such a woeful wail as H. W. has done, and infer that, as regards designing and engraving, matters are practically at a standstill, a statement which is wanting in truthfulness and justice to those concerned. Yours fraternally, Walter J. Beeby. APPROVES A FOREMAN’S ASSOCIATION. To the Editor: Three Rivers, Mich., Feb. 16, 1904. A recent number of The Inland Printer contained a plea for the formation of a Foreman’s Association, which should be, and in my opinion would be, indorsed by many, could the force of such an organization be brought to bear upon all working in this capacity. My experience as a printer, which in many respects has been similar to others who have learned this trade in one of the best country offices in the State and traveled from coast to coast working in the various branches, has given satisfactory evidence to me that such an association would be more valuable and more desirable, because more practical, than any other form of organized labor. The apprentice must be taught that success is not his until it has been earned — not bought by paying the price of a union card. Never, perhaps, in our memory has the demand for print¬ ing been so great as it is to-day, and as this demand increases, in like manner is the customer becoming educated in the value of fine printing. Now, from what source do we expect the workmen of the future to come t,o meet this growing demand? There may be various ways of attaining this desired end, and possibly great diversity of opinion may prevail as to the best method to employ. But I am sincere in the belief that this matter thoroughly agitated and discussed by the depart¬ ment heads is the only sure means of success. Sum it all up and it amounts to this : The apprentice is sadly in need of attention; not altogether so much from the employer as from the foreman in whose charge he is left. Give him better oppor¬ tunities and consider him less as an errand-boy. An association of foremen would eventually bring better and more uniform systems, more conscientious workmen and consequently less friction throughout the entire printing fra¬ ternity. Arthur Avery. SETTING ADS. ON THE LINOTYPE. To the Editor: Seattle, Wash., Feb. 16, 1904. The setting of advertisements on machines has become so universal among certain classes of newspapers that little is left to accomplish except minor matters in the production of the work. The “sizing-up” of the copy is gained by experience, but to be sure that the advertisement will go in a certain size of type, the person in charge of such work will mentally “cast it up.” After he is sure of the proper size of type, he will then start to mark out the advertisement according to a sys¬ tem. Few advertisements are marked out the same way. There are many systems of marking, but the one which is used most, possibly, is described below : For roman, mark the matter “A,” with the measure or measures the matter is to be set in. When matter is to be composed in roman with side heads or secondary heads in black, underscore those lines for black letter and mark the matter “B.” Should you wish to “bring out” the introduc¬ tory or special item in black type, mark the matter “ C.” For black figures mark same “ D fig.” While many newspapers use a six-point column rule, others eight-point, some ten-point, and others twelve-point, the fol¬ lowing will serve as an example for a 3-10 advertisement, which means three columns wide and ten inches deep. In “laying out” this example, it is considered that the merchant or ad.-writer has sent a “ dummy ” diagram with the copy, the different measures being marked inside the spaces, for information to the man who will handle the advertisement; reckoning that a six-point column rule is used, as in the following example: GREAT MUSLIN UNDERWEAR BARGAINS 36 (Incorporated.) 419 STATE ST. 411 VAN BUR.EN ST. Sole Agents Butterick’s Patterns. The “ dummy ” is “ laid out ” for a pica border ; pica space inside all around, leaving the inside measure thirty-six ems in width. The introductory matter will be set in small pica, and marked 36-C. The three spaces appearing below are marked 11. This copy will be marked 4-1. This matter will be set on a nonpareil machine, which carries but one measure, thirteen ems, so four nonpareils off of the slug, or indented to eleven measure, leaves two picas to be chopped off with the aid of the slug-cutter. The full-width panel is marked 35-B on the copy, display being set in black letter, the balance in roman. The two panels appearing below will be set in small pica, according to measures on the “dummy” and marked \6l/2 and 17 ems, respectively, on the copy. The signature to be set in by hand on a plate thirty-six picas wide. Two-point full-face rule is to be used on the panels, with four points on either side, with a nonpareil placed on each side of the central item, which makes the whole thirty-six picas in width. The last two panels are not quite equal in width. This is done to obtain the same space between the panels as the others appearing in the advertisement. The longest Linotype slug being only thirty ems in length, the operator will set the thirty-six-em measure on two eight- Modern Methods of Handling Freight and Packages Link-Belt The Link-Belt Machinery Co. Engineers, Founders Machinists, Chicago Type arrangement for catalogue title page. Inland Printer Technical School OPPORTUNITY Opporchumty knocks at ivery man s dure wanst. On some men s dures it hammers till it breaks down tb dure an thm it goes m an wakes bim up if he’s asleep, an aftherward it wurrks f r him as a night watch¬ man. On other men s dures it knocks and runs away, an on th’ dures iv some men it knocks an’ whin they come out it hits thim over th head with a ax. But iverywan has an opporchumty Mr. Dooley MODERN METHODS OF HANDLING FREIGHT AND PACKAGES LINK-BELT THE LINK- BELT MACHINERY CO. ENGINEERS, FOUNDERS MACHINISTS, CHICAGO Type arrangement for catalogue cover page. Inland Printer Technical School PROGRAMME OF JUNIOR ORATIONS OF THE CLASS OF NINETEEN HUNDRED £sT FOUR 7=H MEMORIAL HALL fp— — A DECEMBER 20, AT 7:30 O’CLOCK P.M. INLAND PRINTER TECHNICAL SCHOOL jftrst |!mnsi) Cljurcl) Urspcri&rtucf feundag, lanuatp 25, 1903, 4 p.m. t Eed. CIja<3. jf. 2DaIe, ot Jamaica Plain, Htje dftounod ^Quartette and jfull Cfjurd) Cljoit Song Recital By Miss Lulu E. Pieper, Soprano Miss Mary E. Webster, Contralto Assisted by Miss Grace Barstow, Violinist and Miss Maud L. Caldwell, at the Piano Unitarian Church Wednesday Eve¬ ning, April 16th Examples of Composition Printers’ Specimens No. 3 1858-1903 RHIZOMIA FOURTY- FOURTH ANNIVERSARY t f UNIVERSITY OF THE PACIFIC MAY 20, 1903 ELL and happily has that man conducted his under¬ standing who has learned to derive from books a regular and rational delight. There are many consolations in the mind of such a man which no com¬ mon life can ever afford, and many enjoyments which it has not to give. It is worth while in days of our youth to strive hard for this great discipline; to pass sleepless nights for it; to give up to it laborious days; to spurn for it present pleasures ; to endure for it afflicting poverty; to wade for it through darkness and sor¬ row and contempt, as the great spirits of the world have ever done in all ages and all times. SYDNEY SMITH | THE INLAND PRINTER 65 eens. You can always get any measure by doubling up the slugs. It is advisable to use an eighteen-em mold all the time, for you will never have to change for double-column adver¬ tisements. The only thing necessary with narrower measures is to change your assembler gauge and vise jaw and then “ chop ” the slug to the length wanted. Should you wish to set nonpareil to 7^2 measure, mark the matter 11-1, and set the slug to chop off SJ4 picas. The operator can gain much time in his work by taking advantage of certain rows of keys on the keyboard. To “ run down” the indention for 11-1, run down the keys on 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, three times, which will make nine nonpareils; then run down two nonpareil quads. To set fifteen-em measure matter of nonpareil type, mark same 22-2. It is not advisable in this instance to set one line of thirteen-em width and two picas on the other slug, thus chop¬ ping off eleven picas. It should be set eleven ems indention nonpareil on each slug. When the matter is being chopped, you obtain a purchase on each slug while cutting them. Then “ double up ” the matter. When matter is to be set wider than thirteen ems, or for two slugs, mark thus : For twenty-three ems wide, 6-2. The first figure used denotes the indention, the second figure denotes that it will be set on two slugs. To set thirty-four picas, nonpareil type, mark matter 10-3; five picas to be chopped off of the first and fourth slugs, and so on down through the matter; then bunch them in three slugs to the line ; thirty-six-em matter, mark 6-3 ; thirty ems, 18-3 ; thirty-three ems, 12-3. For four or five columns in width the system works the same, with this exception : Always place the indention figure first; 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 or 7 denotes the number of slugs the matter is set in its width. Matter can be set nonpareils or picas from any late make of the Linotype. Where minion, agate or bourgeois quads are used, take enough quads and spaces from the machine and cast up a table of indention for your uses. Should you want matter set twelve ems from minion, mark same 2j^-i, 2, 3, 4, 5, as the case may be. For brevier, an em and a nut quad make one pica ; for twelve ems, mark same ij4; for eleven ems, 3; for nine ems, 6; regular thirteen-em newspaper measure being the width of the slug. Edward W. Stutes. THE FIRST TYPEWRITER TYPE. To the Editor: St. Louis, Mo., March 1, 1904. I herewith send you a bit of a curio, consisting of the proof of the first attempt to get up a font to print imitations of the typewriter’s work, which I found the other day in rummaging through my old files of typographic etcetera. While working in 1883 as specimen compositor for the old Central Type- foundry, Mr. James A. St. John requested me to get up a specimen from the faces the house produced which would closest approximate the print of the typewriter. This proof shows the best result I could get. Naturally, it was not Sat¬ isfactory, and the idea was dropped for a short while until Mr. J. C. Blair, of Huntingdon, Pennsylvania, insisted upon Mr. St. John making another effort, as he was very desirous to have such a font. Mr. St. John then directed the foundry’s type engraver, Mr. Gustav Schroeder, to make a design for the face, the matrices for which were then drilled by the aid 1-5 of a newly invented engraving machine imported from Ger¬ many. The designs were drawn upon zinc plates, and the work of drilling was done by an apprentice, who with a tracing point had simply to follow the lines upon the pattern. As was hoped, the “ new. face ” became popular at once, and countless tons of it were sold, and it is still selling well in its present twenty-first year. N. J. Werner. FROM W. B. PRESCOTT. To the Editor: Baltimore, Md., March 1, 1904. A correspondent in The Typographical Journal, whose effusions are captioned “ serio-comics,” recently unburdened himself of this : Ex-President Prescott’s articles in The Inland Printer, indicating laws of the International Typographical Union which should be (from the employers’ viewpoint, presumably) repealed or amended, should have a counterpart in the Journal, wherein the rules of the employers might be treated in a like manner. It is a question, however, whether we could secure the services of some proprietor or typothetas ex-president. This may be a “comic” intended to please the union merry-merry, but it is grotesquely misleading in all its •phases. The writer was evidently aware of this, as he fails to mention the laws referred to or controvert the arguments advanced. Not one of the union’s laws affecting employers, which was attacked, is enforced throughout the jurisdiction; nor do the champions of organized labor ever “point with pride ” to their existence. Whenever they are exhibited to the public gaze, the showman is some one desirous of putting the union to shame. There must be something inherently unjust in such regulations, and injustice should be inveighed against wherever found. On account of the unenforceable character of the con¬ demned laws, they are not of much moment to employers, though their very uselessness and gross impertinence serve to irritate that very important class. The real basis of opposi¬ tion to the regulations is that, when enforced, they work injury to many members of the union; and a further reason is that they heavily handicap the union’s representatives in dealing with employers whenever the measures are injected into the discussion. If they constitute a bulwark of typo¬ graphical unionism or are regulations to be proud of, it is passing strange the officers and friends of the organization are not heralding their beneficences from the housetops. Though it is impolitic for them to say so, it’s the proverbial dollars to doughnuts that union officials wish these same laws were in the limbo preserved for pestiferous things. Really, the serio¬ comic gentleman should enlighten his readers as to why union energy — so sadly needed for more important affairs — should ing changed ing our pre • To aid the sent you a ere will be be wasted in trying to maintain impossible and irritating rules which seriously misrepresent the true purposes of unionism. This correspondent is doubtless master of much learning, but he seems to be somewhat deficient in his knowledge of recent craft history, notwithstanding the glibness of his utter¬ ances on such matters. Or, perhaps, he holds to the view that slavish adherence to and a mouthy advocacy of all the foibles of one side, in conjunction with violent condemnation of all the contentions and people in the other camp, is the supreme test of sagacity and loyalty. Happily, this ostrichlike method of viewing affairs, with its disastrous consequences, has seen its palmiest days in the printing trades. There is room for in the copy, we wish to have the engrav to represent a sprocket wheel , t h a t be sent motor power to drive the Planter. Engraver in changing theBlock,we have Sprocket wheel by Express .We think th THE FIRST ATTEMPT TO IMITATE TYPEWRITING — 1883. 66 THE INLAND PRINTER freedom of thought and of speech, and there has been and is lots of it. Incalculable benefits have flowed from it,, so let’s hope the habit will grow as the years pass by. To revert to the correspondent’s more or less scurrilous innuendo, if he were as well informed as he is flippant, he would know that in the “ literature ” of the Typothetae there is no dearth of good, plain speaking to anti-union employers, and its publication in the Typographical Union’s official paper would do more to advance the cause of unionism than some of the “ serio-comic ” correspondence that appears. To produce the proof would be wearisome, but at the moment one recalls the report of Chair¬ man Greene, of the executive committee, to the last Typoth¬ etae convention, and Mr. Cherouny’s writings on the subject. It is a safe assertion that no union printer has ever attacked the citadel of the nonunion employer more effectively than has this employing printer, and his defense of unionism and explanations of how the unions fall into error have not been surpassed. Furthermore, this correspondent should know, if at all informed on the subject, that unionism has ever had warm friends in the Typothetae whose words and deeds are not emblazoned in print. During all the years the union was. being officially rebuffed or ignored by the United Typothetae, there were men — even officers — cooperating with the union¬ ists. To be strictly truthful, every one of the committees that sought recognition at the hands of the United Typothetae had been appointed at the suggestion or as the result of encourage¬ ment from members of that body. All this effort had one central object — the inauguration of the nine-hour workday — and in that campaign there were employers who did as much for the reform as any member of the union. It would be invid¬ ious to attempt to name these men, but the active advocacy of nine hours by that stalwart Typothetaean, Col. Stearns Cush¬ ing, is remembered. Then, too, there are many publishers who have with voice and pen, and by precept, fought anti-union tendencies in the Publishers’ Association. Within the last year, also, almost every “labor” journal in the country has printed portions of a paper written by a member of the Typothetae as a defense of unionism. If memory is not tricky, some labor organization has had this same pamphlet printed for free distribution among union men. Let us concede for the nonce that employers are as mean and as small as the most purblind opponent would paint them, yet we have not heard any employer suggest that those who sought to change the policy of the Typothetae and agree to the shorter workday had “sold out” or were actuated by unworthy motives. Personally, the insinuation serves to cause the reflection that it is light and innocuous compared with what was hurled at me on another occasion. While a union official, a certain typographical union decreed that several persons were “ unfit ” to be members of the International Typographical Union. In my opinion, an injustice was being done the proscribed ones, and I came to the front for them with such vigor as to rouse the resentment of the union. Considerable money was spent in excoriating me, and many labor editors dipped their pens in venom and hurled abuse in the most approved fashion of the cult for several months. It is possible I was mistaken, and the criticisms may have been deserved, but I continued to insist on justice being meted out to the tabooed individuals. Had I not done so, it is among the possibilities the serio-comic corre¬ spondent would be without a card to-day, for he was close to if not among those thought to be “unfit.” Then he under¬ stood fully that one might uphold what he believed to be right in the face of misrepresentation and contumely, and even of threatened financial loss. It is strange that he can not com¬ prehend the same motives being dominant now. _ W. B. Prescott. A WISE PRINTER. I simply will not attempt to do business without The Inland Printer coming to me regularly. — Terry Simmons, Marseilles, Illinois. JOB ^3^ r coMj tosii riQN 1 1 - - - - - - - — j BY JOHN M. LARKING. Under this head will appear each month suggestive analysis and criticism of reproduced and reset specimens of job com¬ position. answers to queries and notes of general interest to job printers. Address all communications and specimens for criticism in this department to The Inland Printer Company, Chicago. Workmen in every branch of the printing and allied trades are requested to file their names, addresses and qualifications on THE INLAND PRINTER'S list of available employes. Reg¬ istration fee, $1. Name remains on list and is sent to all inquirers for three months; privilege of renewal without further charge. Employers are invited to call upon us for competent help for any department. List furnished free. Spec¬ ification blanks on request. Enclose stamp when inquiring for list of available employes. Address, The Inland Printer Company, Chicago. The following list of books is given for the convenience of readers. Orders may be sent to The Inland Printer Company. Vest-pocket Manual of Printing, so cents. Modern Letterpress Designs. — A collection of designs for job com¬ position from the British Printer. 60 cents. Contests in Typographical Arrangement, Volume I, containing 230 advertisements, submitted in a contest conducted by The Inland Printer. A valuable collection for comparison and study. 40 cents. Title Pages.— By Theodore Low De Vinne. Third volume of the series on “ The Practice of Typography.” Treats the subject from three standpoints — Historical, Practical and Critical. Copiously illustrated. Cloth, i2mo, 485 pages, $2. Twentieth Century Cover-designs. — Contains essays on cover¬ designing by well-known experts, and many specimens of modern covers, printed in colors, on different kinds and shades of color stock. A beauti¬ ful piece of typography. $5, prepaid. Plain Printing Types.— By Theodore Low De Vinne. First vol¬ ume of the series on “ The Practice of Typography.” A treatise on the processes of typemaking, the point system, the names, sizes, styles and prices of plain printing types. Cloth, i2mo, 403 pages, $2. Correct Composition. — By Theodore Low De Vinne. Second volume of the series on “ The Practice of Typography.” A treatise on spelling, abbreviations, compounding, division, proper use of figures and numerals, italic and capital letters, notes, etc., with observations on punctuation and proofreading. Cloth,' i2mo, 476 pages, $2. Hints on Imposition.— By T. B. Williams. This book is a thor¬ oughly reliable guide to the imposition of book forms, and shows, in addition to the usual diagrams, the folds of the sheet for each form, with concise instructions which may be readily understood. Several chapters are devoted to “ making ” the margins, and this feature alone is well worth the price of the book. Full leather, 4 by 6 inches, flexible. $1. Occasionally for economy’s sake it may be necessary to use the same type form for both cover and title on a booklet, but the rules of usage, based on grounds of expediency and good taste, that govern the bound volume apply equally well to this class of printing. It is very obvious that the same type form should not be used, neither would it be fitting, both as a stamp on the outside cover and as a title-page within. The type necessary to make a strong and legible impression on a cloth cover, in dark shades perhaps, would be too coarse to make a pleasing title on smooth white paper, while, on the other hand, type suitable for an attractive title would be weak and ineffective as a cover-stamp. This condition applies to booklet work in a lesser degree, as cover-papers are usually heavier and of a coarser and rougher texture than the paper used for the inside. It is very important nowadays that the compositor appreciate the type needs of paper, on account of the infinite variety of grades, finishes and colors on the market, and a type-form heavy enough to suitably impress a rough, dark-colored cover-paper would not be fitting if reprinted as the title-page. The wording of the cover should be simple, preferably the title of the' book alone, leaving all the lesser explanatory details for the inside title, but even where the same copy is used for both cover and title, it should be set twice — in heavy type with rule borders or other ornament, if need be, for the cover, and in a plainer and simpler fashion for the title-page. A page is shown (Fig. 1) that was used for both cover and title. Set in a strong, rugged type entirely THE INLAND PRINTER 67 suitable for a colored cover-paper, and in an elaborate style proper for the outside, where advertising attractiveness should be evident, it makes a very coarse and unlovely title-page. On account of the many lines, it could have been made more effect- A PORTFOLIO OF WYOMING VIEWS 4 THE PLATTE % VALEEV AJV D THE GRAND ENCAMPMENT M I JV I JV G ....... DISTRICT LON • BATTLE * RAMBLER -RUDEFEHA 4 jpr % PILED BY MERRITT D. HOUGHTON Fig. i. ive by better display, the “ Grand Encampment Mining Dis¬ trict” being the main feature of the page, but the great fault lies in using the same form for both cover and inside title. As reset (Fig. 2), by cutting down the panel arrangement to a single-rule border and using a type- face more befitting a title, proper display and shapeliness have been combined, and the result is a page that gives due prominence to the main words and shows a proper title suitably arranged. A page in capitals is not always desirable in some classes of printing on account of a stiffness in appearance that is not found in the more legible lower-case, but they possess a dignity and deco¬ rative attractiveness that render them entirely suitable for title-pages and other forms of printing of a more formal char¬ acter, and where the element of catchiness is not the prime consideration, but distinction and grace are essential, they can be used with entire assurance of their appropriateness. Motor Bicycle Book for 1904 Pope Manufacturing Company Fig. 3. In Fig. 3 an embarrassment of names militates against the best appearance of the title-page shown. They do not properly belong there, and it is rather an imposition to require the com¬ positor to evolve an attractive page with such an encumbrance. In this page the display is controlled by the cut “Rambler,” which enforces a certain restraint on the composition in order that the subject word will dominate the page. Although this restraint has been observed with the title proper, which would make a sufficient and attractive page without the names, the latter spoil the page by competition with the actual title. This list of names is not of pertinent interest to the prospective pur¬ chaser of a motor bicycle, and should have been relegated to another page. They particularly spoil the page by the dispro¬ portionate width of the double column in comparison with the lines above, making the page unshapely and bottom-heavy. By reducing the names one size and putting them in a single column, as shown in Fig. 4, they are placed in the secondary position that is their due and permit the title lines to assume the dominant position that is essential in a correct advertising title-page of this description. Possibly the measure of the name columns on Fig. 3 is, the width of the following pages of the booklet. It is not necessary to make the title-page of the same measure as the other pages, and it is often a detriment to its best appearance to so arrange it. Sometimes a desirable line can be used on a title-page by increasing the measure one or two picas, and as it is a poor rule that does not work both ways, if a title can be set in less space there is no reason for spoiling its appearance by spreading out part of it to the full A PORTFOLIO OF WYOMING VIEWS THE PLATTE VALLEY GRAND ENCAMPMENT MINING DISTRICT SARATOGA, PEARL, DILLON BATTLE, RAMBLER RUDEFEHA Fig. 2. measure, especially the lower part, which should be less wide than the lines above in any normal composition. With this exception, Fig. 3 is a neat and attractive setting and Fig. 4 is only an improvement so far as the arrangement of the names is concerned. The business card has always been a field for much ingen¬ ious endeavor, and while the results sometimes have not justified the time and worry spent upon them, the possibilities in the way of unique and attractive arrangement render them an interesting form of display. The quantity and shape of the copy furnished for a card very often proves a deterrent to the best efforts of the compositor, and it is in the nature of a triumph and a source of much personal satisfaction to effect¬ ively transmute into type an unsatisfactory or excessive bit of Rambler Motor Bicycle Book for 1904 copy. Fig. 5 is an example of misguided effort in display. At the same time, the plan is good ; but by failure to contrast the lines sufficiently, either by size or design, and by the mix¬ ture of sizes and kinds nothing is distinctive, in spite of the THE INLAND PRINTER effort to make it so by ingenious manipulation of the type. In the first place, the displayed repetition of the word sign ” is unnecessary, as the business is indicated in the firm name. By using a type for the word “sign” that contrasts both in tone and design with the rest of the type on the card (Fig. 6) ESTABLISHED 1890. MADE TO ORDER. [ ENGRAVED QIPMQ GOLD AND SILVER OIV3INO ON SHOW WINDOWS. ; and 1 RAISED j ! LETTER DALY BRASS R. E. DALY, Manager. j SIGNS. QIPMQ made TO ORDER. OlvaiNO shipped anywhere. 115 CONTI STREET, - - - MOBILE, ALA. Fig. 5. it attracts instantly, which effect is aided by the white space, separating the card into easily read divisions, and by the rest of the type on the card being very much smaller, except the firm name, thus doing away with the confusion and com¬ petition of the type arrangement on Fig. 5. A card of this description is valuable chiefly on account of its advertising attractiveness, and is preserved sometimes for reference. In this event it is important that the name and business should be very evident in order that the association between them should be an easy and natural mental process, not a painful effort and puzzle. The side panel is an excellent way of dis¬ posing of matter on a card, preventing confusion and setting forth in a distinctive way the type enclosed. The art of dis¬ play means an understanding of the value of contrast and can be obtained in several ways. Contrast of large and small sizes, heavy face and light face type, or by two faces of con¬ trasting design, as in Fig. 6, are some of the methods of giving the necessary effect. White space is also a valuable factor in display, and Fig. 6 illustrates its value in making type display more clear and legible. ©Ijp lEtttrrpriae Satinring ijmtsr, SUITS MADE TO ORDER. Cleaning, Dyeing, Scouring, Pressing and Repairing of Ladies’ & Gent’s Garments ^izzrr^za Specialty. 514 coursin st. McKeesport, pa. 31. 3Frirblatii>, |lrnp. Fig. 7. Consistency and uniformity are considerations that have an important bearing on the good appearance of printed work, and require much forethought and specific instruction, par¬ ticularly in the larger forms of commercial printing, such as catalogues and booklets. In smaller work of single displayed pages the compositor can generally observe this desirable rule of consistency, as instructions do not usually interfere, except when sizes and styles are marked. A rigid adherence to this rule is not always expedient, but it is a safe one to follow. It means the use of all capitals or all lower-case, the avoid¬ ance of using together dissenting type-faces, which does not mean contrasting faces, and the non-mixture of letter-spaced words with those normally spaced. This last does not apply to catch-lines and unimportant words which, letter-spaced, improve the general appearance of a page without in any way destroying its harmony, but only the larger display. Figs. 7 and 8 show a comparison illustrating these strictures. In Fig. 7 two faces have been used that dissent but do not contrast with each other. A letter-spaced line is used in conjunction with one normally spaced, and capitals and lower-case both appear. In Fig. 8 lower-case has been used throughout, the letter-spacing eliminated by rearrangement and a line used that contrasts in tone or color but agrees in shape and design with the other type used. Only in some lesser points does Fig. 9 err as a title-page. It is shapely and the margins are sufficient for the purpose of distinction. The errors noted are the use of three different DALY SIGN CO. l&gns GOLD AND SILVER ON SHOW WINDOWS MADE TO ORDER SHIPPED ANYWHERE 115 CONTI STREET, MOBILE, ALA. Fig. 6. type-faces, the regular spacing of the lines, and the lesser fault of using capital and lower-case lines together. This last is not altogether wrong, even in title-pages, as in some instances a lower-case line is necessary for good appearance, which should not always be sacrificed upon the altar of consistency, although it is conceded that whenever possible all capitals or all lower¬ case should be the dictum for the more pretentious forms of job composition. But in this case the difference between a capital and a lower-case line is so marked that an adherence to this rule of good taste would have been beneficial. As reset (Fig. 10), one series and all capitals have been used, and the lines clustered in three divisions instead of the nearly equal line-spacing of Fig. 9, avoiding the monotony caused thereby. White space is just as efficient as dashes in indicat¬ ing separation, and their elimination helps the emphasis of the different clustered parts of the title. In display, the com- The Enterprise Tailoring House Suits Made to Order Cleaning, Dyeing, Scouring, Press¬ ing and Repairing of Ladies’ and Gentlemen’s Garments a Specialty 514 Coursin Street, McKeesport, Pa. Fig. 8. positor should be careful and include in the line emphasized all of the words necessary for a complete understanding. In Fig. 9, the last display line is incomplete, and should read “ Por¬ traits of Oklahoma’s Representative Men,” as shown in Fig. 10, ENGRAVED RAISED LETTER BRASS SIGNS THE INLAND PRINTER arrangement bears. This is very often shown in panel designs, where if the bottom line is two picas away from the bottom rule, the top lines must be the same distance from the top, regardless of the fact that the top line may be three or four times as large and should be nearer the center, for the deco¬ rative reason that the larger mass should be nearer the center. Fig. 12 shows the same matter rearranged and set entirely in capitals. One error corrected is the placing of the subject line where it belongs, near the top instead of below the center. In a simple title-page, some dependence is placed on the long-and- short-line arrangement for a pleasing appearance, and its value is shown by a comparison of the two forms. This change and the uneven divisions of white space increasing from top to bottom are the two means of improvement shown in Fig. 12 over Fig. n. Capitals are very appropriate for a page of this kind, or any educational printing, and the use of them through¬ out is in obedience to the rule of consistency that deprecates their use with lower-case lines on the same display page. As an example of design, Fig. 13 is deficient in unity. It might be described as “ spotty.” The different lines do not One fault of Fig. 11 is the common one of placing equal space between the different statements on a display page. The mechanical side of the compositor’s work demands precision and exactness, which perhaps unconsciously influences that part of his work upon which his knowledge of proper type OKLAHOMA LOUISIANA PURCHASE EXPOSITION RESOURCES OF THE TERRITORY ■ lassical fiigb School 0la$$« Supper m June Cwemy-fourtb Fig. 13. CLASSICAL HIGH SCHOOL CLASS SUPPER 1903 OKLAHOMA Louisiana Purchase Exposition The Resources of the Territory STATISTICAL, HISTORICAL and BIOGRAPHICAL Abo ^an ^Appendix Oklahoma's Representative Men Fig. 9. The meaning or intent of the copy should not be perverted for the sake of convenient arrangement. In Fig. 9, the top and the two italic lines were in red. In Fig. 10, the top line and the line “ Resources, etc.,” would be sufficient in color. Chelten¬ ham capitals are beautiful and in every way desirable for title- page composition, but their best appearance is lessened by the lower-case lines and other faces used. If the series was com¬ plete enough, capitals should have been used throughout, as shown by the resetting. This consistency in type treatment will insure work that has the faculty of wearing well, so far as appearance is concerned, which the page set in two or three unrelated type-faces never can possess. BULLETINS OF 70 THE INLAND PRINTER appear to have any relation one with another. All the value of the border is lost by the type arrangement, which puts the white space in the wrong place, destroying the integrity of the design, in place of emphasizing it, as it would be if placed between the type and border, as in Fig. 14. Unless a panel- design has sufficient matter to fill the space inside, the margin between type and rule should be more than the white space “C. B. W.” IGNITION DYNAMO THE IDEAL SPARK GENERATOR FOR I IIC HYDRO-CARBON ENGINES Will Eliminate Primary Batteries *se ^ c* Suitable for JUMP and WIPE Spark Ignition Belt or Friction Drive a* •.* *.* cse MAY BE USED FOR Charging Storage Batteries, Lighting Lamps and for all Experimental Purposes j* -j# ** CUSTER BEAM WORKS “STA - RITE ” SPACE 230 CHICAGO AUTO SHOW FEBRUARY 6-13. 1f>04 MANUFACTURERS 2057 N. MARSHALL ST. PHILADELPHIA, PA., U. S. A. Fig. 15. between the type lines. Otherwise it loses the appearance of unity, as in Fig. 13. The use of a Roman initial with a text letter is not in good taste, because they are inharmonious, and a single line in lower-case is scarcely strong enough to be pre¬ ceded by a large capital. The long panel is not correct, because panels within or near each other should agree in shape. But the chief error in Fig. 13 is the faulty arrangement whereby the integrity of the type lines making up the design is destroyed by the placing of white space in the wrong place — between the type lines instead of between type and border. The reset¬ ting (Fig. 14) shows the desirable gain in coherency caused by placing a wide margin of white between type and rule. As an example of inefficient display, Fig. 15 does not require any extended analysis or description. It simply shows Successful service warrants increased patronage It’s up to you JOURNAL PRESS CANTON, MASS. Fig, 18. how nothing is gained by trying to display everything. It may have been set under specific instructions of the customer, who perhaps derived his ideas of display from a typefounder’s speci¬ men book, and indicated the size and style of type for each line. This method of preparing copy relieves the compositor of much inventive worry, but the result is not always a dis¬ played advertisement, but usually a conglomeration of sizes and styles. If the setting is the compositor’s effort, it denotes inexperience, to say the least, and Fig. 16 shows how little emphasis of the main words coupled with the name of the manufacturing firm is sufficient to turn the matter into an attractive ad. Fig. 16 did not take any longer to set than Fig. 15. Generally an appreciation of right display enables the compositor to select the salient feature, a suitable type¬ face for it, and to proceed with certainty and dispatch with the completion of the ad., while the uninformed man is con¬ fused and puzzled by his inability to recognize the fact that only one thing can properly be displayed in the same ad. and that an attempt to display everything displays nothing. A title-page is shown (Fig. 17) that is reminiscent of typo¬ graphic styles a decade or more ago, when the lower-case line was taboo in displaywork, and style meant a variety of type¬ faces on one page. Anything to be read and remembered should be set in lower-case, especially a phrase of half a dozen words or more. One or two words may be displayed very effectively in capitals, but longer statements in advertising are more pertinent in lower-case. The reason is that all reading Will eliminate primary bat¬ teries. Suitable for jump and wipe spark ignition belt or friction drive. May be used for charging stor¬ age batteries, lighting lamps and for all experimental purposes CUSTER BEAM WORKS MANUFACTURERS 2057 North Marshall Street Philadelphia, U.S.A. Fig. 16. matter is in lower-case, and the eye, accustomed to its use, perceives readily and easily that which if set in the little-used capitals would be read with difficulty. Another reminiscent feature of this title is the rule placed anglewise in the top and bottom corners. It must have taken some little time to do this, and the net gain in effectiveness is not enough to warrant the time used in adding this vagary. In resetting this page (Fig. 18) the cut has been omitted, although it may have some local significance not apparent to the outsider, because it detracts somewhat from the display on a small page. The copy otherwise has been followed literally, although we think the phrase “ It’s up to you ” is inexpedient and unnecessary. It should be implied rather than expressed. The resetting is not so refined, perhaps, as the copy, and may not be so interest¬ ing from the mechanical standpoint, but it gives fuller expres¬ sion to the thought. It is only one of many ways in which good display could have effected this end in an economical and efficient manner, and is not necessarily the best way. It is simply an illustration of the value of lower-case in display. The panel arrangement is one that adds to the effectiveness of a design by the white space between the rules. It enhances the appearance of the type matter in the same manner that a deep mat or picture-frame helps a picture — by setting it apart. If this white space had been equally divided by placing the inside panel rule half way between the type and outside rule, this effect would have been lost. All the space should be either between the rules or inside both rules next to the type. No appreciation of correct display is shown in Fig; 19. So many lines of nearly one size and their even separation entirely nullifies in an equal degree correct display and good appear- c. b.w: IGNITION DYNAMO The ideal spark generator for hydro carbon engines “ STA-RITE ” SPACE 220 Chicago Auto Show, Feb. 6-13, 1904 THE INLAND PRINTER 71 ance. There is no distinction where everything is equally large. It is only by type contrast that we can derive any value from display, and the type used should be either all in one size large enough to be readable and arranged in compact para¬ graphs instead of scattered up and down the page as shown, or some line should be made emphatically large and the rest small in order that the eye may at once see the salient feature of the page without being distracted by conflicting lines. The fault of Fig. 19 is it is neither one thing nor the other. Neither a display title nor in the simply arranged one-type and one-size style. As this happens to be a title in which the advertising clement is important, it is very evident that “ Gas Appliance ” is the line to be featured. It is the line that appeals to the reason, and if the reader is sufficiently interested to inquire further he will find what he wants even if set in nonpareil. GAS APPLIANCES GAS ..FOR SALE.. APPLIANCES City Gas Company of Norfolk It is a mistaken idea that all lines on a page must be large in •order to be seen and read. One thing at a time is all that the eye can see with clearness and attention, but it can read the smallest type with ease. If a person is interested in gas appli¬ ances, it is not necessary to tell in large type where he can procure them. On the contrary, both good appearance and common sense would suggest some arrangement like Fig. 20. We appreciate the fact that this sense of type proportion is not always inherent in the compositor and he is sometimes con¬ fused by the confliction of lines demanding, in his opinion, display, and the desire to do justice to all results in a compo¬ sition entirely featureless, like Fig. 19. By apparently sacri¬ ficing and subordinating part of the matter, he will not only help the general appearance, but give more distinction to the lines set in the smaller type by virtue of contrast. In Fig. 20, the value of white space is shown by the separation of the matter into clusters instead of spreading it over the page, as in Fig. 19. Spacing and proper selection of type sizes are the two •elements wanting in Fig. 19, and both errors have been cor¬ rected in Fig. 20, and a comparison of the two designs shows the great value of both. In ordinary practice, title-pages are infrequent enough and at the same time important enough to warrant some study and thought, and it is a good plan if possible to proceed with the composition of the book, leaving the title-page until a more complete understanding of the requirements of the work and its title is attained. Or some suggestion will come, perhaps, that will enable the compositor to arrange his title in a more fitting manner than if done at first, before time and opportunity have given him any chance to properly interpret its import. BEST TECHNICAL JOURNAL ON EARTH. I find your magnificent journal a great help in all depart¬ ments of my business — in fact, could not get along without it. Notification card that my subscription had expired received at 2 p.m. this day, and I hasten to renew to the best technical journal on earth. — IV. D. Sowell, Brewton, Alabama. BY WM. J. KELLY. Workmen in every branch of the printing and allied trades are requested to file their names, addresses and qualifications on THE INLAND PRINTER’S list of available employes. Reg¬ istration fee, $1. Name remains on list and is sent to all inquirers for three months; privilege of renewal without further charge. Employers are invited to call upon us for competent help for any department. List furnished free. Spec¬ ification blanks on request. Enclose stamp when inquiring for list of available employes. Address, The Inland Printer Company, Chicago. The following list of books is given for the convenience of readers. Orders may be sent to The Inland Printer Company. Phototrichromatic Printing. — See Process Engraving. The Color Printer. — By John F. Earhart. Price, $15 — now reduced to $10. A Concise Manual of Platen Presswork. — By F. W. Thomas. A complete treatise on this subject. Pamphlet, 32 pages, 25 cents. Presswork.— By William J. Kelly. A manual of practice for print¬ ing-pressmen and pressroom apprentices. New enlarged edition. Cloth, $i.5°- The Harmonizer. — By John F. Earhart, author of “ The Color Printer.” A book of great value to any printer who prints on tinted or colored stock. Cloth, $3.50. ise un the correct method of making ready half-ton any kind for cylinder presses. 10 cents. Overlay Knife. — Flexible, with to divide a thin sheet of pape of handle, which can be cut au 1 a iirai edge, enabling the ry delicately. Blade runs fu ,s knife is used. 25 cents. Practical Guide to Embossing.— By James P. Burbank. Contains instructions for embossing by the various methods applicable to ordinary job presses, and much information not hitherto accessible. $1. White's Multicolor Chart contains seventy-three specimens of cover-papers of various colors, shades and qualities, on which are printed six colors of ink — black, yellow, red, blue, green and brown — colors most generally in use. 40 cents. Attention is called to the fact that unsigned communica¬ tions can not be noticed. Signature should accompany com¬ munications, not necessarily, however, for publication, but merely for identification. Printing on Celluloid and Aluminum.— H. W. C., of Rochester, New York, writes : “ I am desirous of knowing how printing of celluloid and aluminum is done, and if you have written a book or any matter on this subject, I would be pleased to hear from you.” Answer. — Information covering this kind of printing has been often given in this department. Look up some of the back numbers of The Inland Printer and you will find what you are inquiring about. Write to your inkmaker for the proper inks for printing on celluloid and aluminum, and make ready the form in the usual hard- packing manner and there will be little difficulty in the rest. A Criticism. — H. B. S., of Burlington, Vermont, writes ; “ Please find enclosed samples of my half-tone work. What I know of half-tone work I have picked up myself with the aid of The Inland Printer, which I read from time to time. 1 have never had any one’s criticisms on my work, so please give me yours.” Answer. — All of your specimens show you to be a studious workman. While some of them lack strength of detail, such as the illustration of “The Little Blacksmith,” “ Commodore Macdonough ” and “ The Battle of Plattsburgh,” still there is no lack of harmony in what you have produced. The bust half-tone pictures of Junius E. Mead and Russell S. Taft are quite creditably executed; individual effort, properly directed, is sure to make a success of almost anything deter¬ minedly undertaken. Keep right on, but exercise a little more courage in undertaking your make-ready for illustrations with much detail. You have the correct idea, judging from the specimens sent. Ink That Will Not Offset. — F. W., of Columbus, Ohio, says : “ Please tell me in your Pressroom Notes what is put in 72 THE INLAND PRINTER ink to keep it from offsetting. Some pressmen run solid" half- tone cuts on big catalogue work without slip-sheeting or off¬ setting, and stack it up. Please tell me how they do it.” Answer. — Every reputable printing-ink maker keeps in stock such ink. Pressmen, as a rule, have little to do with mixing into printing-inks anything to prevent offsetting. Almost all good black book ink is compounded at the factory and con¬ tains just the right degree of “tack” and drying quality. When using any kind of ink, only a sufficient quantity should be carried on the stock to secure full color; or just as much as the surface of the paper will quickly absorb and then appear dry. If you have been reading this department with any degree of attention, you must have noticed many sugges¬ tions regarding “ doctoring ” up inks for special purposes. In s’uch a case as yours, a careful use of a varnish made of old boiled linseed oil and dammar varnish — equal quantities of each to the formula — has been recommended. Card Stock Mottled. — C. C. C., of Boston, Massachusetts, has sent a sample of ten-ply cardboard blank, the inside of which is filled with lumpy wood-pulp sheets of paper, the top and bottom sheets being of better grade and coated quite indif¬ ferently. The printing is in deep solid blue. Regarding this sample, the following is written : “ In printing a blue on a coated cardboard, the first printing did not cover perfectly, so the blue was printed a second time. When the color dried out, it was mottled, as you will notice by sample sent you. We should be exceedingly obliged if you could send us informa¬ tion that would throw some light on the subject and explain its cause.” Answer. — What you term mottling in the present case is: not mottling at all, because the blue ink is printed sharply and uniformly on the stock. The cloudiness apparent on the printed stock is caused by inequality in the thickness of the several wood-pulp sheets used as “fillers.” Extra strong impression develops these defects in the printing, which are more glaring in effect in intense depth of colors than when tints are employed. If you will examine the clear stock before printing, you will be able to discover, the irregularity of the surfaces by “ shiny ” spots all over the card. These bright or glossy spots are produced by the plating machine used in the cardboard manufactory. This is a natural fault where inferior stock is used as a cardboard filler. There is nothing that can be suggested to prevent these spots appearing after they have been printed over with a solid plate and the ink has dried. Half-tone Presswork. — M. W. N. McE., of Woodstock, Ontario, writes as follows: “Under separate cover I am tak¬ ing the liberty of forwarding you a copy of Rod and Gun in Canada, a monthly magazine published at the Review Com¬ pany’s job department of this city, and would ask your opinion on the presswork of same, particularly of the half-tones. Our client expressed himself as dissatisfied with the cutwork, par¬ ticularly the frontispiece; the cuts were furnished by our client. Your opinion regarding the work will be greatly appre¬ ciated by a lifelong subscriber.” Answer. — How any person of artistic taste could find fault with the presswork on the magazine, which is delightfully made up of beautiful and interesting views, is incomprehensible. In carefully examining the frontispiece and other half-tone cuts on seven pages of the magazine, little fault can be found with the quality of the presswork, for it is carefully clean, and the black of splendid color. What we find fault with is the almost total lack of artis¬ tic detail in the execution of the half-tone plates themselves, 't he deep shades are too black for legibility, while several of the human faces look like silhouettes. Where a passably good cut appears, such as “ The Wabesee Rapids,” the pressman has shown considerable skill. The very worst feature of the maga¬ zine seems to be the abominably bad machine composition shown throughout the text of the work. Trouble with Numbering Machines. — C. W. S., of Wor¬ cester, Massachusetts, writes as follows: “Although a reader of your column about fifteen years, this' is my first appeal for assistance. On a recent coupon job, in which two five- wheel numbering machines were used, set horizontally, we experi¬ enced quite a little trouble by the fifth wheel of the machines not taking the ink. We laid it to the blank or “No.” springs being higher than the figures, thereby keeping the rolls from them. The press used was a Golding with three form rollers, and the ink used was $3 lake blue. Is there a remedy for this, without changing the position of the form?” Answer. — Dif¬ ficulties of this kind are often remedied by using roller trun¬ nions of larger outside diameter on the roller journals, plac¬ ing the larger ones on the off ends to the numbering machines. Where different-sized form-roller sockets are not furnished with the press (and they should always be) then use a chase bearer or a piece of wooden rule for the same purpose. Under¬ lay the bearer or rule so that it will slightly incline the “ dip ” of the form rollers on the side having the numbering machines. It is also advisable to take out and often clean the small springs found in certain types of numbering machines, because when not kept free from dirt they are liable to gum up and prevent the quick return of the blank portion to its right height. Paper Splitting. — R. D., of Jeffersonville, Indiana, says: “ We have of late experienced a great deal of trouble with our papers slitting in different places as they are delivered from the press. We read your account in the February number of this trouble, and find our press, tympan, etc., correspond with your article. We have not a first-class foreman, and as he only cares to get forms off his hands, they are, of course, not in first-class condition — that is, square and uniform — to do good printing from. Our press is a Cincinnati cylinder; tym¬ pan consists of two pressboards, one thick felt No. 1 blanket, one draw-sheet of muslin and a manila top-sheet. We have just lately had our press bearers set type-high, and the cylinder rests pretty heavy upon them, say about half pressure. We have mailed you under separate cover copy of our paper. Most of the tearing occurs on the rules.” Answer. — The copy of your paper has not been received, hence we are at a loss to fully understand the cause of paper splitting on your press. If, as you say, most of the tearing occurs on the rules, send these to your typefounder and have them planed down a little lower than your type matter. Ease up the cylinder and carry it a little higher, as it may be resting too heavily on the bearers. Be sure to have the cylinder hang true on both ends. Try the height of the tympan with that of the bearers on the cylinder — these should be uniform, or not to exceed a thin book sheet on the tympan make-up. Presswork on a Folder. — H. J. H., of Fostoria, Ohio, has sent copies of a folder entitled “ Crystal Facts,” showing a few very neat designs in “ prescut ” glass. The samples of the folder are in different stages of make-ready and comple¬ tion — three printings of as many colors being necessary to complete the folder, which are strong gray for the text, black for the glass designs and bright red for the special displays. The printing is on fine coated stock. The correspondent writes: “I enclose a four-page folder which did not turn out satisfactory; hence I write to ask you if you can tell me the cause. If you will notice on the first page the ink does not lay on as it should; and I would like to ask if that is my fault or the ink’s. It is a $2.50 half-tone black — the same as was used on the cuts sent you of the two little boys. The job was run on a Colt’s Universal press.” Answer. — To a limited degree only the make-ready of the glass designs shown is commendable — the vignetting being the most skilful in execu¬ tion and deserving of praise. The “ Toltec design ” on the first page should have been far more artistic than it is ; this could have been done very effectively if a proper cut-out over¬ lay had been utilized. With the three impressive tonings of black embraced in this design, a most beautiful effect could have been lent the picture. The half-tone black ink used on the illustration of the boys’ heads seems of better grade than THE INLAND PRINTER 73 that shown on the folder; the former being of more intense depth of color. If the ink is as you state, then it has been trifled with and lost its life and intensity. A fine, brilliant black would have improved the deep tones and high lights. Printing and Embossing on Celluloid. — C. W. G., of Columbus, Kansas, has sent a sample printed on brilliant pink celluloid — the background of which is in deep black and the border and lettering in the color of the celluloid, which is strongly embossed. He writes as follows : “ Will you kindly tell me in your Pressroom column how the enclosed sample was printed? We have a customer that wanted some. window cards printed in same manner. I have asked all the boys around town, but none seems to know.” Answer. — If you do not know how to do such work as that on the sample, it might be rather hazardous to attempt it from what information we can give in our limited space. The celluloid on which the printing and embossing appears can be purchased in various colors, thicknesses, etc., from the Celluloid Manufacturing Company, in New York city. The black ink used is of a strong and intensely deep opaqueness, which is very essential on the bright celluloid. The presswork of the black has been done first, quick-drying varnish, such as copal, and plenty of it, being mixed with the ink. After the ink has thoroughly dried, the embossing takes place, brass or other hard metal being used for making the embossing plate. The embossing is done on a moderately warm plate, after make-ready, which must be quite rigid and hard on the machine. Of course, the embossing should be proceeded with slowly, in order to get the best results from the celluloid. After embossing, the work should be carefully laid out in small lots in order to permit the sheets of embossed celluloid to “set” and harden. A Few Questions. — W. C. H., of Saginaw, Michigan, wishes answers to the following: “Would be pleased to have you answer a few questions through your department, (i) What is the cause of electricity on a cylinder press? Some pressmen have a pipe with gas flame near the delivery carriage, while others have pipes from which steam escapes. Both methods seem to be effective in eliminating the electricity from the sheets. What is your opinion as to which of the two methods is best? (2) Why could not leaders be cast a trifle lower than type-high and thereby save lots of time now con¬ sumed in cutting out and making ready at press? (3) Most all paper now used on jobwork has more or less curl in it, and because of this is very annoying when feeding it to the press. It seems to me that this trouble is becoming worse all the time. Can you give me any reason for this ? ” Answer. — (1) The cause of electricity on the press is accounted for by reason of the presence of electrically charged paper run through it. The paper is rapidly passed through the steel finishing rolls at the mills, the volume of the electricity being greatly intensified by cold and frost en route to the consumer. Heat modifies the intensity of static electricity, hence the use of gas and steam jets in many of the up-to-date pressrooms, especially where large, warm paper-storage rooms can not be had. Anything in the way of artificial heat is good for elimi¬ nating electricity from both paper and press. Steam sprayed on the paper as it is run into web presses is considered best for that kind of press, while a gas flame produced by a per¬ forated gas pipe running behind the feedboard and the sheet of paper (near the fly table or delivery carriage) is considered the right thing for flat-bed presses. Other methods for this purpose are in vogue. (2) Typefounders could cast all leaders to a standard height slightly lower than type-high ; but to do this they would have to go to much expense in changing their matrices, and, in some cases, their molds. It is question¬ able if such a step would prove satisfactory in all cases where leaders are employed in type composition, especially in cases of narrow measures and where brass rules flank these on both sides. This very question has already received the attention of the typefounders, but without a practical and satisfactory solution of the difficulty. (3) The quality and character of stock required in most of the hard papers now used demand the uses of sizes which are a protection to the fiber of the paper during manufacture, and which also add to its strength and permanency. Such paper, by the very nature of its manu¬ facture, becomes . charged with electricity, and when cut up to small sizes for job-press printing and left to stand in a warm place curls up at the ends; as the electricity escapes at these cut ends of the paper. The Cause of Trouble on a Form. — W. V. S., of Bing¬ hamton, New York, has sent a sheet 19 by 33, containing elec- trotyped type matter and a number of half-tone cuts. In one of the middle rows of cuts and about 4^2 inches from the top of the sheet appears a small filled-up spot on one of the half¬ tone plates, which also slightly shows on the plate below it, as if “ swiped ” across the plates at the points mentioned. Our correspondent says : “ Would like to ask the cause of the filling- up in the one spot in the form enclosed. It fills,, as you see it, about once an hour, while the rest of form stays clean for half a day. Washed press clean daily; tried differ¬ ent inks ; reset and reversed rollers ; run less ink ; - in fact, have done everything I could think of, still it worked the same from day to day. Press runs 2,100 an hour; have tried running it slower. Press is a No. 4 Miehle. Have made 150,000 impressions from this form now. We run it until it wears out, then put on another set of the same thing.” Answer. — The cause of the filling-up in so peculiar a way is certainly perplexing. Put a sheet under the lower end of the top cut, extending this about five inches along same, widening it out to about an inch and a half at the middle, and tapering it off to about one-quarter of an inch at the extreme ends. Also place a small bit of underlay on the second plate in the same row, near where the hanging pulley appears and the very small amount of fill-up occurs. Our reason for thus suggesting is because these two plates are not brought up to even height, being perceptibly lower at one end than at the other, which occasions less or more “ rock ” to the plate at the specially defective end. Changing the location and ' ten¬ sion of grippers fronting nearest to the fill-up might also be tried advantageously. There is certainly more or less play between plates and paper at the point of printing contact, which will cause just such a fill-up as appears on this sheet. To prove that the top plate needs underlaying at the points suggested, attention is called to a duplicate plate which is third from top of same row. You will there see that this plate is much more perfect and uniform in color. THE PROOFREADER’S NEMESIS. ” What’s the matter ? ” inquired the foreman, as he entered the sanctum for copy and noted the editor’s bleeding nose, swollen forehead, puffed, red eye, and tattered, dusty coat. “Fall down stairs?” “No — only that,” replied the editor, pointing with his finger to a paragraph in the paper before him. “ It’s our account of the Crapley-Smith wedding. It ought to read, ‘Miss Smith’s dimpled, shining face formed a pleasing contrast with Mr. Crapley’s strong, bold physi¬ ognomy.’ But see how it was printed.” And the foreman read, “ Miss Smith’s pimpled, skinny face formed a pleasing contrast with Mr. Crapley’s stony, bald physiognomy.” “Crap- ley was just in here,” continued the editor, throwing one blood- streaked handkerchief into the waste-basket and feeling in his pockets for a clean one, “and he — but just send that fool of a proofreader in here! There’s fight left in me yet!” — Exchange. MOST PRACTICAL MAGAZINE. You are conducting the most practical printers’ magazine published, and it is always read carefully by us. — Adkins Printing Company, New Britain, Connecticut. 74 THE INLAND PRINTER BY JOHN S. THOMPSON. Communications relating to typesetting by machinery are invited. All queries received will be promptly answered in this department. Address. The Inland Printer Company. 120-150 Sherman street, Chicago. Workmen in every branch of the printing and allied trades are requested to file their names, addresses and qualifications on THE INLAND PRINTER’S list of available employes. Reg¬ istration fee, $1. Name remains on list and is sent to all inquirers for three months; privilege of renewal without further charge. Employers are invited to call upon us for competent help for any department. List furnished free. Spec¬ ification blanks on request. Enclose stamp when inquiring for list of available employes. Address, The Inland Printer Company, Chicago. The following list of books is given for the convenience of readers. Orders may be sent to The Inland Printer Company. Facsimile Simplex Keyboards. — Printed on heavy ledger paper, is The Mechanical Details of the Linotype, and Their Adjust¬ ment— By Frank Evans, Linotype Machinist. $3, postpaid. The Linotype Operator's Companion. — A treatise on how to oper¬ ate and care for the Linotype machine. By E. J. Barclay. $1, postpaid. The Linotype Manual.— Gives detailed instruction concerning the proper adjustment and care of the Linotype, fully illustrated. No oper¬ ator or machinist should be without this valuable book. 50 cents, post¬ paid. Correct Keyboard Fingering. — By John S. Thompson. A pamphlet of 16 pages, containing a system of fingering the Linotype keyboard for the acquirement of speed in operating, with diagrams and practice lists. 25 cents. Stubbs' Manual. — By William Henry Stubbs, holder of speed record. A practical treatise on Linotype keyboard manipulation. Should be in the possession of every operator with an ambition to become a “swift.” Cloth, 39 pages, $1. Facsimile Linotype Keyboards.— An exact reproduction of the latest two-letter Linotype keyboard, showing position of small-caps, etc. Printed on heaw manila stock. Location of keys and “ motion ” learned by 1 these facsimiles. Instructions are attached, giving full infor- The Mechanism of .test and best work on a the installation, opei published. Thi and the Open _ , Fully illustrated. Cloth, 25 cents, postpaid. Linotype.— By John S. Thompson. The subject. A complete and practical treatise and care INTE RNA1 Chicago OCTOBER 1902 ja: :k= ^is 1 _ L T t ‘he Leading Magazine of the World for Printers, Publishe THE OFFICERS AND MEMBERS OF THE ARE CORDIALLY INVITED TO ATTEND THE RECEPTION UPON THE OCCASION OF THE OPENING OF AN EXHIBITION OF SUBURBAN HOUSE AND GARDEN ARCHITECTURE THE WORK OF PROMINENT ARCHITECTS GEO. GARRETSON & CO. Stencil and Rubber Stamp Makers ? Printers ? 242-248 South Water Street Steel Stamps Brass Dies Stencil Brushes Established 1867 M rtrrrAr.n C. C. B. Pocahontas Coal Leads the World *■ tho? mas; !— ts WESTERN FUEL COMPANY DEFIANCE COLLEGE gnimmer normal fttm THURSDAY EVENING MARCH SEVENTEENTH ASSEMBLY HALL RIVERSIDE ILLINOIS UNDER THE AUSPICES OF THE OUT- DOOR ART ASSOCIATION q EXHIBITION WILL BE OPEN TO VISITORS DAILY FROM FRIDAY MARCH THE EIGHTEENTH TO TUESDAY MARCH THE TWENTY -SECOND INCLUSIVE C H A M P L I N SMITH’?^ THE INLAND PRINTER 107 line and on the bottom is approximately the same. Thus far the spacing is artistically perfect. “ Had the matter below permitted it, the pyramid formed there should conform to the triangle B instead of the tri¬ angle A. Triangle B is of the same degree as triangle C, C being simply an inversion of B, and drawn along the edge of the ornament; or else the five lines should all be the same length, making another square. But this being the only infraction of the rules, the spacing is as nearly right as it can be in the ordinary run of jobg, for few of them are susceptible of being absolutely perfect in ‘whiting out.’ “ We now come to the main fault with the page. The tone of the ornament is too deep for the light matter which sur¬ rounds it, and should have been somewhat lighter. If nearer a line of the tone of the word ‘ Barrett,’ it would have been correct. But it is the proper shape, adding a finishing touch to the square immediately preceding it. “We now come to the third feature, which must not be forgotten — perspective, or optical view. When the eye rests upon the page it is involuntarily and gradually drawn upward until it is centered on the word ‘ Barrett,’ because it is prac¬ tically the central figure in the picture, the tone gradually diminishing as we look downward until we come to nothing, or white space, excepting again the ornament. The two rules are added to the word ‘ manufacturers ’ to give it the proper tone — midway between that of the words ‘ Company ’ and ‘ Roofing.’ “ Rules are used for three purposes aside from borders — underscores, cut-offs, and to add tone or strength to an unim¬ portant line to complete the graduation of tone, as above. When it is a ‘ cut-off ’ it should be treated in the spacing the same as a line of type. When it is an underscore it should be as far away from the line as the characters therein are apart from each other. When added to a small and unim¬ portant line, as above, it should be as close as possible. “ While Plate I is a fairly good-looking page of that style, the style of Plate II is much to be preferred. On a page of this kind it is always well to select some one line and to build the rest of the job up to it, and have it always above the center, so that the picture will not have an inverted appearance. “ Plate II is a title-page set in a style descended from the earlier time, and a style which we have not yet improved upon, in spite of our vaunted modernization — simple, dignified, devoid of ornamentation and superfluous rules — an excellent page. “ The most besetting sin, next to improper spacing, and the one most frequently committed by the average job printer, is that of over-ornamentation. If there is ever any doubt in your mind as to whether or not an ornament should be used, leave it out. Never put an ornament in a job unless you are sure it is absolutely necessary to complete the appearance of it. Do not use it simply because you think it a pretty orna¬ ment. A firm in this town has adopted an effective method of preventing their indiscriminate use — they have but one ornament in the place and it is battered. Of course, this is going to extremes, but it is better than the other alternative. “ Do not forget that the best ornament in any job is white space properly distributed. The errors in spacing are slight, but, if corrected, would add to the appearance of an already artistic job. If the third line were spaced about two picas and the ten-point matter in the center were moved up one pica, we would have a perfect triangle resting upon the long line below, for two or more lines of the same length are treated as one line in the formation of a pyramid. The space between the ten-point and the rules on either side of it should be the same as the space between the lines of ten-point, as they are part of the rectangle, which is treated as one line in the spacing. The line ‘ Samuel C. Bilger, Chicago,’ should be two picas shorter, and ‘ ioo Lake Street ’ eighteen points longer, thus forming another perfect triangle resting upon the lower border. It could not be done with this copy, but if a line that could be spaced to the lines in the triangle, hanging from the upper border, had been used instead of ‘ 1902,’ this, together with the corrections noted, would have made a perfect page and added to its already good appearance. “ Plate III is . a letter-head difficult of treatment, having errors in spacing which could not well be overcome. The three main lines should conform more nearly to the triangle drawn from the upper corners of the heavy panel, and resting upon the lower rule, but the first line is already spaced more than it should be, making it the weakest of the three lines, when it should be the strongest, and to take out the space Lyon CSi, Healy~„Chicago j between the letters of ‘ Association ’ would make it the strong¬ est of the three, when it should be the weakest. Letter-spacing a line detracts from its strength. The heavy rule is of the same tone as the three main lines, and the heavy ornaments on either side add balance to the job. “ Plate IV is a business-card of good appearance. If the firm name had been slightly shorter and the next line indented three nonpareils more on either side, forming a pyramid, it would have helped it. The display is excellent. Three lines stand out prominently — the firm name, the business and the address — each displayed as to their relative importance. “A mistake that many printers make is in trying to make every line prominent, with the result that none is prominent. The job then has a jumbled appearance, is monotonous and displeasing to the eye, and has no character — like a daub of paint on a canvas representing a landscape scene. Always select two or three lines for heavy display and set the rest 108 THE INLAND PRINTER of the matter very much smaller to form a contrast, and graduate the display lines as to their relative importance. “ Plate Visa two-color 1 1 by 14 show-card. All the rules and ornaments were ' in Persian orange and the type in very dark olive-green, almost black. It is an example of correct display being sacrificed to typographic appearance, which is seldom admissible. The line ‘ Chicago Typographical Union Number Sixteen ’ is of the most importance, and should have been the strongest line, because there are many receptions and balls, but only one given by No. 16, but the length of the line made it impossible to give it the prominence that the main line on such a card should have, and leave space to properly display the rest of the matter. And the last line on the card is somewhat too prominent. It appears much better in two colors; and whether or not the job is to be printed in more than one color should always be considered in the setting. The ‘tombstone’ appearance of a job is relieved by the division into colors. “ Plate VI is a cover-design made of brass rule and metal round corners on three, six and twelve point body. It is a good illustration of the results that can be attained with the use of these materials. Besides being good typographically, it has another valuable feature — the speed with which it can be composed. Elaborate rule designs often take so much GRAND RAFFLE pT For a Beautiful Oil Painting ^fnts FOR THE BENEFIT OF ANDY HOPKINS, A SICK MEMBER OF IRON MOLDERS’ UNION NO. 239 To be held at 176 WEST ADAMS STREET oh SATURDAY. MARCH 1st No. time that it is cheaper to have an engraving made. About the only criticism I would make is that the two ornaments on either side of the word ‘ Printer ’ are superfluous and should have been left out. It was printed in three colors — the rules in green, the type in blue, and a tint-block under the lower panel in light yellow. “ Eccentricity, or oddity, sometimes styled originality, is another thing that the good job-printer always carries as part of his stock in trade. Try to set up a job unlike the ordi¬ nary way, at the same time adhering closely to the rules of art, and you have attained originality — a very difficult feat — but only difficult things are worth while. Plate VII is a sample of breaking away from the stereotyped form of invitation, both in type and style. The first criticism that an untutored mind might make is that the date, name of association, etc., are not displayed. But the recipient of an invitation will gen¬ erally read every word of it, and the job certainly has a more artistic appearance than if all these lines were displayed. The two rules and the paragraph mark were in light green and the rest in dark brown, on white antique stock, and made a very creditable appearance. “Plate VIII is another job of rules and round corners — a statement heading that is out of the ordinary — a thing to be striven for in ‘house’ jobs. It was printed in two colors — rules in red and type in deep bronze-blue. It is somewhat too bold for the ordinary run of stationery, and it is shown here more because of its oddity than as a criterion of how these jobs should be set. However, there is no artistic fault in it. “ Plate IX is a blotter that is well displayed. There are two things that should stand out prominently — -the name of the article and the firm name. The ‘ Report of Test ’ is sub¬ sidiary to the other matter and is placed in a panel by itself. The rule surrounding the upper lines is heavier than the others because the tone of the two top lines is deeper than the rest of the job. It was printed in two colors — the rules in red and the type in black, on white blotter. “ Plate X shows an odd treatment of an envelope stuffer. You will note that the space on two sides of the word ‘Notice’ and of the three large lines is equal, as it should be. The ornament after A.M. is superfluous. This is an illustra- Geo. E. Cole & Co. _ _ Chicago, plate xv. tion of the use of that most artistic ornament — white space. An ordinary job may be made attractive by its proper use. “A letter-head (Plate XI) is shown to illustrate that every line in a square need not be spaced full. A line of text does not appear to advantage when letter-spaced. The type in the two main lines should have been set a size smaller and the measure reduced. It appears too bold for a letter-head for a school. This is one thing that must always be con¬ sidered. A job for a blacksmith is necessarily heavier than one for a florist. Let the style of the job be consistent with the business advertised. “ Plate XII is a booklet-cover in one color. The ornament is slightly heavier than anything else in the job, and is not exactly the right shape. If it were more even across the top, it would be better. But even with these faults it is fairly good, considering the short time required in its composition. It would have appeared to better advantage with the ornament in another and subdued color. “ Plate XIII is a sample of an ultra-modern letter-head. A fault is the spacing that could not be avoided in following out the design here used — lines in which the letters are so widely spaced should be farther apart. This could have been remedied, though, by taking the nonpareil lines (the names of the partners, address and telephone) and putting them out¬ C. F. Albrecht & Co. dntrral dommtBsion Hcrriiants ? tiSuttrr, iEgga, Ural, Poultry, Oram? S 201 SOUTH WATER STREET CHICAGO side the border, say flush with the left of the measure, and putting a nonpareil more between the two top and two bottom lines, and a heavier cut-off rule separating them, to conform more closely in tone. As the job is set, the rules are of the correct tone, but with the removal of the two small lines of which they are a part, heavier rules should be used. “ Plate XIV is a raffle ticket illustrating that it is not necessary to fill up the entire space on a job with type. Dis¬ play the job properly and get equal margins on the top and THE INLAND PRINTER 109 sides of the top line and let the extra space come at the bottom. “ Plate XV is a bill-head in which the regular style is not adhered to, an always desirable element, especially in ‘ house ’ jobs. It was printed in two shades of blue — the nonpareil between the parallel rules surrounding the firm name in light tint and the rest in deep bronze-blue on azure stock. The only fault in spacing is in the names of officers. There is too much space between the words. “ It is well to put space between the words a little less than the average width of the letters, rather less than more, and a little less after a point. When a line is letter-spaced, put twice as much additional space between the words as you put between the letters. “ Plate XVI is a business-card in two colors. The rules were in Persian orange and the type black. This style would not be appropriate for a jeweler’s or florist’s card, but for a business of this character it is all right. “ In parting, let me admonish you again that white space is the most effective aid to good composition. Let simplicity ever be your watchword; cultivate judgment, be studious, for¬ get that there is a time-clock and be not afraid to ask ques¬ tions. And when you are in an office where you have a good opportunity to learn the trade, do not leave it simply because some one else offers you a dollar more a week. While you are serving your apprenticeship, your main object should be the acquirement of knowledge, and not the accumulation of money.” PORTFOLIO OF SPECIMENS OF PRINTING. Portfolio No. 2 of specimens of high-grade commercial work, done by students of the Inland Printer Technical School, is now ready for distribution. The portfolio contains some fifty loose sheets of title-pages, bill and letter heads, business cards, menus, programs, etc., all done in the highest style of the art, in one and two printings, as also numerous half-tone and three-color plates and unique advertising sug¬ gestions. This portfolio also includes a practical demonstra¬ tion of the half-tone screen in its relation to paper, there being shown a series of half-tones of various screens on several grades of stock, in itself invaluable to the printer. A limited edition only has been printed, and orders should be sent at once to The Inland Printer Company. Price, $i. ALEXIEFF’S LAMENT. In my trans-Baikalian home upon the Zmiehogmiptqvzworski, With my brother Dimetriiiskiorbrneovitch I used to play; And our cousin Petroplanztrsvm from Djargamoguvmzszoski Oft would come to visit us and spend the day. Ah, those happy, sunny hours of our childhood! How I weep to think that they will come no more; For in ruins lies the home within the wildwood, Far away upon the Zmiehogmiptqvzworski shore. CHORUS. Oh, the moon is shining brightly upon the Zmiehogmiptqvzworski, Where the catfish browses on the new mown hay; Through the szczyamores the candle lights are gleaming. On the banks of the Zmiehogsmiptqvzworski far away. — Council Bluffs Nonpareil. THOSE NEWSPAPER HINTS. Foreman — We need a few lines to fill up a column. Society Editor (wearily) — Well, say, “The Prince of Wales has begun wearing old clothes, because they are more comfortable.” Perhaps it will start a fashion that you and I can follow. — Pittsburg Index. AS NECESSARY AS A PRINTING-PRESS. I have been taking The Inland Printer for four years and consider it as essential to a job-office as a press. — C. E. Van Pelt, Staunton, Virginia. Contributions to this department are requested from sub¬ scribers, at home and abroad. Appropriate photographs and drawings, with descriptive matter, are also solicited. Address, The Inland Printer Company, Chicago. SOUTH AFRICA. Engravings, lithographs and photographs, and enlargements or reproductions of the same, including articles as labels for beer bottles, cigar or cigarette boxes, etc., will, in future, be excluded from the free list in importation's into South Africa. CUBA. According to the terms of the Reciprocal Commercial Con¬ vention between Cuba and the Government of the United States, which came into operation on December 27, the follow¬ ing goods, being industrial products of the United States, are allowed to be imported at a reduction of thirty per cent below ordinary tariff rates : Writing and printing paper, except for newspapers; drawings, photographs, engravings, lithographs, chromolithographs, oleographs, etc., printed from stone, zinc, aluminum or other material, used as labels, flaps, bands or wrappers for tobacco or other purposes, and all the other papers (except paper for cigarettes, and excepting maps and charts), pasteboard and manufactures thereof, now classified under paragraphs 157 to 164, inclusive, of the customs tariff of the Republic of Cuba. THE UNITED STATES LEADS THE WORLD. The United States again stands, at the beginning of the new year, at the head of the list of the world’s exporting na¬ tions, so far as relates to the exportation of domestic products. This fact is shown by a series of tables just presented by the Department of Commerce and Labor through its Bureau of Sta¬ tistics. There are only three “ billion-dollar countries,” consid¬ ered from the standpoint of exportation of domestic products. These are, in the order of the magnitude of their exports, the United States, the United Kingdom, and Germany. In the calendar year 1903 the exports of domestic products were : From the United States, $1,457,565,783 in value; from the United Kingdom, $1,415,617,552; from Germany the figures for the full year have not been received, but an examination of the figures of the year for which statistics are available justifies an estimate of $1,200,000,000. It is only within very recent years that the United States has taken her place at the head of the list of the world’s great exporters of domestic products. In 1875 we stood at the bottom of the list of the four great exporting nations of the world; at the end of the next decade we had advanced one place, a decade later still another place, and in 1903 stood at the head of the list. GROWTH OF OUR EXPORT TRADE. The growth of the foreign commerce of the United States from 1893 to 1903 presents some interesting facts. The Depart¬ ment of Commerce and Labor, through its Bureau of Statis¬ tics, presents a table showing the imports and exports by grand divisions in each calendar year from 1893 to 1903, thus bringing the figures down to the very latest date possible. This table shows that the exports from the United States to Europe have grown during the period named from $680,000,000, speaking in round terms, to $1,087,000,000, or sixty per cent: those to North America, from $125,000,000 to $227,000,000, or eighty-one per cent; to South America, from $34,000,000 to $46,000,000, or thirty-five per cent ; to Asia and Oceania, from $31,000,000 to $92,000,000, or one hundred and ninety-seven 110 THE INLAND PRINTER per cent ; and to Africa from practically $5,000,000 to $31,000,- 000, or four hundred and eighty-nine per cent ; while the growth in total exports has been from $876,000,000 in 1893 to $1,484,000,000 in 1903, or sixty-nine per cent. It is proper to add that the figures of exports to Asia and Oceania are slightly misleading, in view of the fact that shipments from the United States to Hawaii, which in 1893 were classed as exports, are not so included at the present time, because of the fact that Hawaii is now a customs district of the United States and the shipments to Hawaii are no longer included in the table of exports to foreign countries. If the shipments to Hawaii in 1903 were included, the total exports from the United States to Asia and Oceania would be $104,000,000 in 1903, instead of $92,000,000, thus making the real percentage of increase to Asia and Oceania two hundred and thirty-five per cent. Among the most strongly marked instances of growth in our commerce, and especially in the exports, is that of Canada. In 1893 the total exports to the Dominion of Canada amounted to $57,121,178; in 1898, at the middle of the period, they were $90,388,065 ; in 1903 they were $131,452,- 562. This makes the percentage of increase since 1893 in our exports to Canada one hundred and thirty-one per cent. THE BEST ASSET. Character is above everything else the most important fac¬ tor in achieving success. The young man should guard it as the most precious asset he can possibly possess with which to commence, as well as to finish, his career. Great brains with little character do not count for much in the long run in competition with moderate brains and high character. Absolute loyalty to his employer — whether it be a corpora¬ tion or an individual — and the constant manifestation of a desire to do the best he knows how to advance the work or interests intrusted to him are essential. This is an almost certain road to advancement for himself, for corporations as well as individual employers are generally on the lookout for young men of character and fidelity to duty in their employ, with a view to their promotion. A young man should be satisfied to fill the niche he occupies until he raises himself to a higher one, and not try to appear to fill another than that in which he is actually placed. No end of men wreck their careers by endeavoring to lead a life which is a lie. They would wish to be considered richer, or more important in the world, than they really are, and this leads to their downfall. A young man should make it a cardinal principle of his life to act and be what he is, and not pretend to be somebody else, whom he knows very well he is not. He should be careful in the selection of his companionship and friends. Men are judged largely by the company they keep. The maxim that “ birds of a feather flock together ” is as true to-day as it ever was. The young man should not, in the outset of his life, make the mistake of believing that the mere accumulation of wealth constitutes success. He who bends all of his energies to that one end pays the penalty at the close of life, even if successful in its accomplishment, of finding himself possessed of a mind sordid and narrow, with all the finer and lovable qualities of his nature either extinguished or dwarfed to such a degree as to be scarcely visible by his friends. If, on the other hand, as he journeys along life’s highway, he will look about, it will not be difficult for him to discover many landscapes which offer delightful views to contemplate besides that of piled-up money bags. Hence my advice is that he mix with labor a fair share of the rational pleasures of life, and not wait until he is sans teeth, sans taste, sans smell and sans sight, under the delusion that there is plenty of time to enjoy himself after he has become old .— Lambert Tree. Under this head will be briefly reviewed brochures, book¬ lets and specimens of printing sent for criticism. Literature submitted for this purpose should be marked "For Criticism,” and directed to The Inland Printer Company, Chicago. M. F. Jackson, Angelica, New York.— The Reunion circular is set in a correct style, but the other specimens are in some degree amateurish. Will L. Stevens, Glens Falls, New York.— The envelope design is attractive in appearance, but clustered spacing of the lines would make it more distinctive. John F. Spiller, Covington, Kentucky. — The work on the booklet, both composition and presswork, is entirely satisfactory, particularly for the long run indicated. Victor M. Lord, Trois-Rivieres, Quebec. — The work in general is neat, and the best use has been made of the material, but the rulework on the Carufel heading is excessive, particularly in one color. W. A. Boland, Holdredge, Nebraska. — A type border designed for use in advertising composition is not desirable on commercial work, but its treatment in color shows an appreciation of the best way to use it on such work. Roman J. Babione, Fremont, Ohio. — A tendency toward the use of large type sizes in the commercial specimens should be corrected, and in the advertisement the body type should have been one size smaller, permitting larger display. Ed D. Mahon, Manitowoc, Wisconsin. — The Mattress cover-page is a well-displayed and appropriate design, but the paper and ink combi¬ nation is not pleasing. Two impressions of white or a vivid red would have given it more distinction. Ernest Cheetham, London, England.— The folders are well written and daintily arranged. In fact, the term “ ladylike ” might fittingly be applied to the “ Notes of Interest.” The word-ornaments inter¬ spersed through the text are unnecessary. The Evening Democrat, Hamilton, Ohio. — A panel heading should not be made so deep that it encroaches on the writing space, particu¬ larly when the matter is not sufficient for the unusual size. Periods^ used at the ends of display lines do not ornament. Leon Westmoreland, Dardanelle, Arkansas. — The heading is cer¬ tainly an imaginative creation and as such disdains most of the rules- that govern ordinary prosaic printing. It seems to be in a class by itself where the conventions of display are not observed. Alvin A. Roberts, Geneva, New York. — The blotter is not entirely effective as an advertisement. There are too many display lines which conflict. The words “ My business is advertising ” should be stronger and the rest of the matter subordinated to that statement. Harry A. Deppert, Brooklyn, New York. — The main display line- should be placed in the center panel of a panel heading and the other detail placed in the side panel. Underscores should not crowd type lines and are not attractive on a business card unless in color. G. L. Smith, Ingersoll, Ontario. — The title-pages show unapprecia¬ tion of the best arrangement for such work, and the Help cover suggests, by its ornamentation, a section of wallpaper, but the commercial work is suitable and the To-night dodger is a good example of efficient display. Edward M. Graham, Madisonville, Wisconsin.— Indented side-heads, should contrast with the body matter, both’ in size and tone, and a smaller and heavier face is to he preferred. If the type at hand will not permit such selection, the side headings should go in red to be effective. The title, “ Interesting from Every Point of View,” describes very- happily the mechanical excellence of a booklet issued by the Crowell Publishing Company, of Springfield, Ohio. Type arrangement and press- work are effective, and the cover is a suggestive facsimile watercolor sketch of a lady’s head. Much depends upon the cover of an advertising booklet, and an insist¬ ently attractive outside is one of the prime requisites for the success of such matter. The booklet arranged and designed by Celeste A. Hoffman, for The North Shore Poultry Farm, Chicago, possesses this distinction in a very marked degree. The Republican Printing Company, Elyria, Ohio. — Good taste and' refinement are evidenced by the samples, and the blotter is particularly satisfying as an example of sound argument appropriately typed. One possible objection is the use of two dissimilar type faces on the front page of the Federal booklet. M. J. Spaney, Allegheny, Pennsylvania. — T,he specimens are only medium in style, except the Carnival program, which, set in small old- style capitals, displays admirable restraint and taste. The ornaments om THE INLAND PRINTER 111 the first page and the rules on the last are the only false notes in a creditable bit of composition. Lewis R. Marston, Jr., Ardmore, Indian Territory. — The arrange¬ ment of the heading is satisfactory, but the border ornament between the two inside panels should be removed and a little less space allowed, in order that the space between the two panels be not more than space between inside and outside rules. G. L. Hurd, Mitchell, South Dakota.- — The Telephone title-page is wanting in type proportion. The title of the book is “ Official List,” and should have been displayed as such, instead of being set in an insignificant brevier line as shown. The ornament is entirely out of place on a page of that character. F. C. Rice, Granby, Quebec. — A panel heading in three colors affords an excellent opportunity for artistic color combinations. With a panel border six points thick, the type could be printed in some color, brown or red for instance, the panel rules in a light tone of the same color and a word or line in a bright contrasting color. The Box of Curios Printing Company, Yokohama, Japan. — The seed circular is well displayed, but the use of so many different faces on one job is to be deprecated, unless caused by necessity. There is no more reason for using five or six different display faces on a page than in writing a letter in three or four varying styles of script. The Baker Printing Company, Newark, New Jersey. — The circular announcing “ A Printing Exhibition ” arranged by the Free Public Library of that city, meets in every way the requirements of correct printing, and shows that the needs for this kind of printing is a plain type impressed on suitable paper with good black ink. Simple but sufficient. Leonard Taylor, Newman, Georgia. — The layout of the heading is excellent, but an extended letter, particularly in lower-case, should not be used on commercial stationery. Both condensed and extended faces are abnormal, intended for special emergencies, but they are not beau¬ tiful, and should never be used where good appearance is one of the requisites. The Findlay Printing Company, Findlay, Ohio. — A placard or hanger should be set in as large type as possible, which may look heavy and confused at a close view but becomes readable and distinctive at the dozen or more feet view of the card for which the type is intended, while the type-design that is small and attractive close at hand becomes illegible at a distance. Morris County Chronicle Company, Morristown, New Jersey. — The work in part is neat and attractive, but in a few examples is deficient. The banquet cover-page is not entirely appropriate in design for the subject indicated, and an opportunity was missed for the composition of a page more fitting and artistic. The removal of the underscores would improve it as it stands. Robert I. Mason, Troy, New York. — The insistent use of a type border, and in a profusion on some jobs that takes away from the best effect of the type display, is to be deprecated. They can be used to some extent in two-color work, but in one color they occupy the fore¬ ground to an unwarranted extent. With this exception the specimens qualify as neat examples of commercial work. The Central Engraving Company, Cleveland, Ohio. — The booklet for Benton, Myers & Co., is attractive and interesting as an example of three-color printing, with the text in blue, thus avoiding the extra impression for the type. The presswork is excellent and the pebbling finishes off a bit of printing that is in exact accord with the business it advertises — fruits and flavors for ice cream soda. Foreman, Weiser, Idaho. — The panel heading is the most attractive, as the matter lends itself better to that style on account of the two lists of names. If a job has been printed in the same office before and the printed copy is used when ordering an additional supply, it is best to follow copy. If the customer is dissatisfied with the composition he will generally say so, but if satisfied will order without any “ follow copy ” instructions. Ben F. McMillen, Lake Odessa, Michigan. — Panel designs should not be used on headings when the matter is scarcely sufficient to fill them acceptably. On a job printed in red and black, the bright color should be used sparingly if the best effect is desired. One line or word in red is generally sufficient. When the type and rulework are about equally divided for colors, some other combination than red and black would be preferable. The Imperial Press, Imperial, California. — The reset headings are a decided improvement over the printed copy, except that a panel head¬ ing is inexpedient when there is not sufficient matter for the two side panels. This style of heading is useful when a great deal of matter has to be suitably displayed, on account of the greater distinction that can be given the different parts, but is unnecessary when the copy contains only two or three lines. Adams Brothers, Topeka, Kansas. — The booklets are interesting chiefly on account of the attractively printed covers, which, in quality of paper and general appearance, are superior to the interiors, with the exception of the Exposition booklet and the Lawyers menu, which are attractive and finished throughout. We are inclined to think that cover- stock and inside paper should agree in quality, and that a booklet covered with an expensive paper should be printed on a stock of corre¬ sponding grade. N. E. Crowder, Norfolk, Virginia. — Both cover-designs are attractive, but both could be improved, one by change in type and the other by removal of an ornament. The one marked “ A ” is the more suitable, but the type is not quite large enough to dominate the rulework, and “ B ” would be improved very much by the removal of the ornament above the word catalogue, which, together with the year, should be reduced one or two sizes. The Vinko Press, Gadsden, Alabama. — The panel idea has been used almost too effectively on the samples shown. The excess of rule- work is confusing and depreciates the value of the type display. It is effective up to a certain point, beyond which its use is questionable. This stricture applies to the letter-head. The bill-head design is better because the rule design is simpler and the display larger, thus correcting two errors shown on the letter-head. Voorhees & Co., New York city. — The bank booklet is not exactly fitting in layout and composition. The decorative corner pieces on the right-hand pages would be appropriate on a summer resort booklet, but the plain double-rule border shown on the cut pages is more in keeping with the neat professional style and should have been used on all pages. The title-page shows a large amount of matter not very well handled. The name should be in larger type and the list of names reduced in size. “Australian Birds; a Beautiful Colored Series by Neville Cayley” is the title of a brochure from John Sands, Sydney, Australia. The illustrations in colors are lithographed and are interesting from the peculiarity of the strange birds familiar to our Australian cousins. Each plate has a single music-rule border printed in blue, which we think should not have been used. The title-page is set in a weak letter in an effeminate style and printed in a blue ink. Had Mr. Sands set his title- page in suitable style and mounted each of the plates on a dark paper with a good marginal allowance, he would have had a much handsomer and a better-selling book, at a slight advance in cost, perhaps, but one that would bring a better price also. THERE WASN’T ANY STORY. A newspaper story that is going the rounds of one of the larger Western cities concerns a young and very green reporter who had just been taken on the staff of the town’s leading daily. It happened that several theatrical openings occurred on the same night, and the staff of the paper’s dramatic depart¬ ment was able to “ cover ” only three out of the four events. Space was reserved for a story on Madame Modjeska, who was to open that night in a new play, and the young reporter was assigned to the story. About nine o’clock he strolled into the office. The city editor greeted him with astonishment. “ Why, how’s this ? ” he exclaimed. “ Didn’t you get any story ? ” “No,” explained the reporter; “there wasn’t any story. I saw Madame Modjeska attacked by a footpad as she was leaving her carriage at the stage door, and as she didn’t come to I knew that the performance was off; so I didn’t wait.” — Harper’s Weekly. THE BOYS WERE LEFT OUT. On next Saturday night, at a quarter to eight, I’m looking for you at our back gate. There’ll be a few others, we’ll make things hum — Sleep three in a bed — bring your “ nightie ” and come. The above is a copy of a Wichita girl’s invitation to a house-party, according to the Wichita Star. The paper adds that none of the boys got invitations. — Pointers. NOTHING IN IT. “ I don’t see anything in this new poem of Jones’,” said the assistant editor. “ Of course you don’t,” replied the editor-in-chief, “ because I opened it first and took a $5 bill out.” — Atlanta Constitution. UTTERLY IMPOSSIBLE. It is almost impossible to operate an up-to-date printing establishment without The Inland Printer. — Asa H. Baxter, Cambridge, Ohio. 112 THE INLAND PRINTER Charles Williams, formerly editor of the London News, and latterly military correspondent of the London Chronicle, is dead. He was sixty-five years old. Mrs. Mary Abbott, for a number of years literary editor of the Chicago Herald and later of the Times-Herald, died, February 9, in Florida. She was the mother of Mrs. Peter Finley Dunne, wife of the creator of “ Mr. Dooley.” At the January meeting of Chicago Typographical Union, No. 16, the following resolutions were adopted: Whereas, Chicago Typographical Union, No. 16, has received infor¬ mation of the death of Henry O. Shepard, president of The Henry O. Shepard Company and The Inland Printer Company, whose reputation as a printer is international; and Whereas, The fairness which distinguished Mr. Shepard in every of the craft in his employ, his cordial and hearty response to every call upon his time or means, have been long known and appreciated by the members of this body; therefore. Resolved, That Chicago Typographical Union, No. 16, testifies to its deep sense of loss in the death of Mr. Shepard, and of sympathy with his family in their bereavement; further Resolved, That these resolutions be spread upon the records and a copy hereof be forwarded to the family of our deceased friend. K. M. Griswoed, John C. Witherspoon, Jas. J. Schock, Jr., Whereas, In the wisdom of the Creator, one of the veteran and charter members of Chicago Typographical Union, No. 16, Abraham McCutcheon, has been called by death to his reward; therefore, be it Resolved, That in the death of Abraham McCutcheon, Chicago Typo¬ graphical Union, No. 16, loses a member whose long life in our organ¬ ization was a display of nobility of character and unselfishness as a union man that deserves a permanent recognition at our hands. Resolved, That as a tribute to the memory of Abraham McCutcheon, the announcement of our deep sorrow at his death be placed in the per¬ manent records of this union and the same be forwarded to The Typo¬ graphical Journal for publication. Edwin Franklin Abell, president of the A. S. Abell Com¬ pany, publishers of the Baltimore Sun, died on Sunday, Feb¬ ruary 28, aged sixty-four years, after an illness of a few months. The deceased was the eldest of twelve children and the last of the sons of Arunah S. Abell, the founder of the Sun — “ the Marylander’s daily Bible.” At the age of sixteen, Mr. E. F. Abell entered the counting-room of the Sun, and from that time had been almost continuously in business. Al¬ though always identified with the publishing of the Sun, Mr. Abell had given his attention more closely to the management of his father’s estate, and not until the death of George W. Abell, in 1894, did he assume direct control of the paper. In that capacity he enjoyed the affection and respect of all with whom he came in contact. He was a lover of his kind and a doer of good works in an unostentatious way. His kindness and thought of others knew no bounds; no trouble was too great, no inconvenience too much of a tax upon his personal efforts to relieve those who were in need. Up to a compara¬ tively short time ago he would personally visit many of those who sought his assistance, trying by cheerful word to relieve them and to make them happy and contented. His aid and kindly manner and encouragement always brought happiness where sorrow dwelt. It can be truly said that Mr. Abell was beloved of his employes, and the typographical union was the first of many organizations to place a token of appreciation on his bier. Although a multimillionaire, he was the most demo¬ cratic of men, and it was in keeping with Mr. Abell’s lifelong practice that though the flower of Maryland’s wealthy and distinguished sons attended his funeral, the honorary pall¬ bearers were selected from the editorial, mechanical and business-office forces. One of the pall-bearers — Mr. J. H. Heddinger — has been employed in the composing-room for fifty years. Mr. Abell’s demise is not likely to cause any change in the policy of the Sun, as his son, W. W. Abell, who has been in charge for some years, will continue as the responsible head of the paper. Michael J. Carroll, one of the best-known printers in the United States, who had been a resident of Chicago fifty-eight years, died on March 10, at his home, 31 Whipple street, Chi¬ cago. He had been ailing for a long time with a complica¬ tion of diseases, and hope of his recovery was abandoned some time ago. Mr. Carroll had for years been an able and con¬ servative leader in the Typographical Union, and was a man of wide information and an eloquent speaker and a fluent writer. A series of “ Reminiscences ” contributed by him to The Inland Printer in the early 8o’s gave the paper a sub¬ stantial increase in subscriptions. He is said to have been the first poster printer in Chicago. He is survived by a widow and four children. Funeral services were conducted by Rev. Father Quigley at the Church of Our Lady of Sorrows, on Saturday, March 12. Interment was at Mount Carmel. The Old-time Printers’ Association and Typographical Union No. 16 were represented by their officers and committees. Mr. Carroll was born in Ireland on the anniversary of the birth of Benjamin Franklin, the patron saint of the printers, January 17, 1844. When less than two years old he came to this coun¬ try with his parents, and at the age of eight became an errand- boy in the old Journal office. There also he learned his trade as a printer. He was president of the local typographical union three terms — in 1877, 1883 and 1884, and thrice he rep¬ resented the union at the conventions of the International Typographical Union. Mr. Carroll worked hard to alleviate the hardships of the printers when type was set by hand, and many of his suggestions have been followed and have proved beneficial to the craft in general. He was one of the charter members of the Old-time Printers’ Association, which is an organization of the members of the printing crafts who have been in Chicago twenty-five years or more. After leaving the Journal office, Mr. Carroll worked in Rand, McNally & Co.’s establishment and in that of the Henry O. Shepard Company, and only retired from “ the case ” when Hollister Brothers began the publication of the Eight Hour Herald. This was in 1892, and Mr. Carroll was chosen as editor of the paper. When it ceased publication he was given a position as bailiff in one of the courts, and was an attache of Judge Dunne’s court when taken ill several weeks ago. Mr. Carroll was held in high esteen by the printing fraternity. THE INLAND PRINTER 113 E. P. McVey, of Marcus, Iowa, has purchased the Gazette, of Coin, Iowa. Hoyime Hoshi, a Japanese editor and publisher, is in New York to purchase presses and type for a Japanese newspaper which he will print on the grounds at the St. Louis Exposition. The De Boise-Bresnan Company has succeeded the P. H. Bresnan Typefounding Company at New York city, and has opened offices at 15 Frankfort street, with a complete stock of printing material. Desaulnier & Co., printers, Moline, Illinois, have pur¬ chased the entire plant of J. W. Warr in bankruptcy proceed¬ ings, and have merged the establishments in the building at 1723-1725 Third avenue, that city. THE UNION LABEL — FOR AND AGAINST. The Inland Printer is a trade paper. Its field is confined to the printing and allied trades. It holds an impartial attitude among the several organizations and has no policy but fairness and equity. The management of the magazine has been urged to con¬ tinue the use of the union label. Is it desirable to do so on the merits of the case, with due regard to the rights of American citizens? For the best article of not more than six hundred words advocating the use of the label, a year’s subscription to The Inland Printer will be given, and for the best article against its use a similar prize will be given. Facts and sound logic will be the test applied in reaching a decision. The E. B. Yordy Company, Wilkesbarre, Pennsylvania, owing to growth of business, has moved its general printing and blank-book manufacturing business from 7 and 9 West Market street to Public Square, South, No. 71, that city. Some impressions of Glidden’s Peerless Gold Ink (Rich), on varying grades and colors of stock, manufac¬ tured by the Glidden & White Company, Cleve¬ land, Ohio, show a luster that equals bronze in every respect. H. Emil Schneider, publisher of two German weeklies of Hoboken, New Jersey, has filed a protest against the action of the Common Council of that city in refusing to give him any more official advertising, on the ground that he runs a nonunion printing-office. John S. Pinney, who has been since January I, 1900, manager of the Portland (Ore.) branch of American Typefounders Company, will be transferred to New York about May Ball succeeded Mr. Pinney as Portland manager, H. W. Rowland again taking charge of the Seattle branch. Mr. Sturges Whitlock has resigned his posi¬ tion as president of the Whitlock Printing Press Manufacturing Company, and his interests in the company have been purchased by Mr. J. G. Day, secretary and treasurer, and Mr. C. F. Ahlstrom, vice-president. The latter succeeds to the presi¬ dency of the company. William Freund & Sons, engravers to the trade, are now sending out a very complete line of wedding invitations, announcement and at- home cards, showing all of the latest styles of engraving and sizes that are now used. They also make a specialty of up-to-date engraved and embossed commencement invitations and pro¬ grams, and are showing a very handsome line of samples. On the Tuesday morning following the great Baltimore fire, the Chandler & Price Company, Cleveland, Ohio, received a telegram order for three carloads of machinery. The first car left their factory the same afternoon, the second on the following Saturday and the third car one week later. To date ten carloads of Chandler & Price machinery have been shipped to Baltimore to replace equipments destroyed in the fire. A FEAST FROM COVER TO COVER. The Inland Printer is, without doubt, the greatest boon to us modern printers. I would rather fast a day than do without it, for it is a feast from cover to “ Miehle.” — R. Lee Sharpe , Carrollton, Georgia. 1-8 114 THE INLAND PRINTER This department is exclusively for paid business announce¬ ments of advertisers, and for paid descriptions of articles, machinery and products recently introduced for the use of printers and the printing trades. Responsibility for all state¬ ments published hereunder rests upon the advertisers solely. Counter-check printers will see on page 27 something they long have sought. Attention is called to the specimen of work done with the Booton Automatic Register Gauge. It appears on page 128. Check printers particularly, and all others interested in high-class perforating and numbering, should not fail to inves¬ tigate the latest appliances of the Bates Machine Company, 346 Broadway, New York. Absolutely accurate numbering, unequaled presswork, necessarily perfect registration of per¬ forations, with entire former cost eliminated, are among the propositions they are prepared to demonstrate. This is the day of improvement, and none are more con¬ versant with this fact than the up-to-date printer. He realizes that unless he can keep abreast of the times and up with his fellow competitors, he is practically out of the race. He sur¬ rounds himself with all that will facilitate his work and add to his profits, and unlike the old printer of years ago who was WILSON ADJUSTABLE PATENT BLOCKS. willing to stand still and gave but little heed to the improve¬ ments that were going on around him, he is all the time seek¬ ing whereby he can lessen his labor and increase his bank account. All his investments are made with this end in view. To such we would call attention to the Wilson Adjustable Patent Blocks manufactured by that well-known firm, A. F. Wanner & Co., 298 Dearborn street, Chicago. It will pay to write them for information on this subject. They save time and money. Bonnerwith Brothers, 967 De Kalb avenue, Brooklyn, New York, manufacturers of advertising calendars and novel¬ ties, have found it necessary to open a branch office in New York city to properly serve their increasing trade. The new location is at 78 Duane street, between Elm street and Broad¬ way, and the additional facilities it affords will enable them to carry a much larger line of goods and fill orders with the greatest promptness. LIKE THE ACORN, Plant a geranium in a pot and it will only flower. Plant an acorn and it will grow and spread until it bursts the pot. Like the acorn, the growth of the Charles Beck Paper Company, Ltd., has been continually finding larger space, until now the demand for their machinery, printers’ materials, type, paper and cardboard requires an extra floor space of over ten thou¬ sand square feet. This additional floor they will occupy on May 1. Their five-floor building has a frontage on Chestnut street extending one block to Ranstead street. This new addi¬ tion will make a total of over twenty-six thousand square feet — more than half an acre of floor space. FAIRY TALE. Once there was an awfully rich man. Thus far the story is one that can be easily believed. He had so much money that he grew tired of making it. Here the story begins to sound fishy, but there is worse to come. He began to devise ways and means for getting rid of his wealth. The first thing he did was to quit making money. This seems hard to believe, but you are requested to make an earnest effort to swallow it. He did not give any of his wealth to the established char¬ ities. He founded no universities and endowed no public libra¬ ries. He gave great chunks, of it to such deserving persons as he could find, and employed confidential agents to report to him the names of people who needed help but were too proud to ask anybody for it. His donations were either anonymous or were made with the express understanding that both the gift and the name of the donor were to be kept secret. Here the story becomes almost incredible — but read on. One day, while waiting at a railway station in a small vil¬ lage for another train to pass, he strolled into the waiting-room and picked up a copy of the village paper that somebody had read and thrown aside. He looked through the paper and noted that the editor was making frantic appeals to his delinquent subscribers to pay up, as money was needed to keep the Bugle going and enable him to pay for a new press that had j ust been added to the office equipment. He rushed back into the train, grabbed his valise, and started down-town. Entering the office of the Bugle a few minutes later, he addressed a tired-looking young man who was working off a job of sale-bills for a farmer. “Young fellow,” he said, taking him to one side, “are you the editor and proprietor?” “Yes, sir.” “How much would it take to put your paper on its feet and make it a paying institution ? ” “ It would take at least two thousand dollars,” responded the editor, looking at him with suspicion. “Two thousand nothing! Young man, will you accept a present of ten thousand dollars from a total stranger who has money to burn and wants to help his fellow men ? ” The editor passed his hand nervously across his brow and cleared his throat. “No, sir,” he replied, huskily; “I would not! I don’t want any man’s charity ! ” All this sounds extremely apocryphal, but don’t balk at it. The story isn’t all told yet. “Young man,” persisted the caller, “what is the subscrip¬ tion price of your paper ? ” “ One dollar a year.” “ In advance ? ” “ Yes, sir.” “Well, my name is - .” His name is suppressed for obvious reasons. “ - and I want to subscribe for one copy of the Bugle for ten thousand years, and will pay in advance. Will you take the money for that? Here is my check for the amount.” “Yes, sir,” promptly replied the editor. “I’ll take it, because that’s business, and the paper will go to your address all that time. The Bugle is here to stay.” Pocketing the check and shaking his new subscriber heartily by the hand, he went back to his job of sale-bills as if nothing unusual had happened. — Chicago Tribune. THE INLAND PRINTER 115 WANT ADVERTISEMENTS. wouMTell whaole0busjn esrPlAe^ 3. SSSSSatH S?L gHogjyS FOR SAL] H mmmmmmm FOR SALE. swwsrw A 321. ^°ar- fully equipped’ Al Steel Die and Copperplate Work £Sa ^ssa’^srsi charge $2.50 for it and allow this charge on future orders. " ' ” the world in this line - capacity 200,000 im inrfnRn^houi THE AMERICAN EMBOSSING CO. 7 Lock Street, BUFFALO, N.Y. 116 THE INLAND PRINTER HELP WANTED. CYLINDER AND PLATEN PRESSMAN desires change ; ^ has worked ^^samhi^watits^ newspaper^*? rnagadrie rwork’Pnb,es7*referenbPesaPPAy 29s. Fo^ir^fr^ t ir Eastern city wouid ,ike to make nAk™ r27t° do tooIins: first‘class opening for LINOTYPE MACHINIST— Experience in book and news work; union, LINOTYPE MACHINIST, having ^charge of six machines^ desires to WANTED — An all-round artist who has had experience in engraving LINOTYPE MACHINIST-OPERATOR desires a situation; day work plant. A 198. SSliH1 1S&B sir - — - — — — ■ «» WANTED -Competent operator-machinist for Linotype, daily paper, at S.Z others S Lm£YA A 322. A 327. 7®F-?F? ™ tMt siiisr'kK?^ vii^sr's.? ^ Wayne, Ind. :4 t/pe’worhL A &. ’ ' " • ^^xperiPon ?^t,EuSE^tanEEfokhngd)0<3r businiss.^A^aSp. ^ v^rXssJM$sJm TV* bt “mp'“nt NE^eSnPtorEengai«’ in line or three color. A r5- INFORMATION WANTED. SITUATIONS WANTED. g”«s.rss‘^^!S rssr« PEE«„sfif,Ai, s?*f jfvsrsar sss spaarxsra pressroom; first-class references. A 311. PRESSMAN, half-tone, catalogue, desires a position. A a52. "5K,? aras^^miinfcae sv - PEifE?„0^ tt1 y* HIM IB Ten Cents Isn’t Much IlMS Locks, No. 1, for small quoins, $1.50 per roo i 1 r=T~g^^^^\r\ 2, “ large “ 2.00 “ Quoin Lock in Position GEORGE FRANCIS PECK, New Brunswick, N. J. THE INLAND PRINTER 117 SITUATION^ WANTED — A^ jfi^t-class prover^ c "“'r - * “ 3W irSA /EB PRESSMAN^ AND STEREOTYPE^ desires c Y°UNG PRESSMAN, ^fami: -Cash paid. LONG, 400 : wycmA:*«;A“ 1 WANTED — Press for roll paper, Kidder p ISSSS^-" mm. 15,000== Cuts Peerless Padding Glue Thcehelpestnd °™ Never StiCky- Famish PRESS CLIPPINGS upoV H Hollister Brothers, Chicago Stipple Covers, Inserts, Labels 2610 Satisfied Printers are using -GLUEINE- SSSltel you ? GLUEINE MANUFACTURING CO., Pendleti Mr. Printer! handling The Double Century Calendar? ^ A unique MOHAUPT BROTHERS, St. Paul, Minn. PROOFREADING AND PUNCTUATION Price! PRINTING AND WRITING MATERIALS KSK obta*ed elsevvhere- Price- postpaid’ A. M. SMITH, Drexel Institute, F “ROUGHING” &L.1 the Trade THE HENRY O. SHEPARD CO. 120-130 SHERMAN STREET, CHICAGO 118 THE INLAND PRINTER. HIGGINS’ AMERICAN DRAWING INKS (Blacks and Colors) A Have an excellence peculiarly their own. The best i results in photo-engraving and lithographing are A only produced by the best methods and means — \ the best results in Drafting, both mechanical and " artistic, can only be attained by using the best r $ Drawing Inks — Higgins’ Drawing Inks, f # ( Send for color card showing actual Inks.) * ¥ ^/!l Dealers in Artists' Materials f i and Stationery. i f Bottles prepaid by mail, 35 cts. each, or circulars free from f NONSMUTTING CARBON PAPERS Samples and price folder of 100 varieties sent on request. Mention — Pen or pt Whitfield Carbon Pape ““smalfand'tamedTaTe Orders^' fwiNfERROUERS STEK-O does not sour, has no disagreeable odor, vermin WILL NOT EAT it, and hence it is a clean paste ‘ ‘A perfect paste in powder form ” CLARK PAPER <&. MFG CO ROCHESTER NY 25 Agencies PROFITABLE, PRINTING diagrams showing how — by a practical man. First edition exhausted in three months — which show: employers are alive to new ideas. $1.00 postpaid. Will pay for itself the first Order It Now? 0 J- "• MAYER- 632=634 Rac Dept. A, . . . CHICAGO. ILL. PERFECT PADS Give your pad man an opportunity to try our Padding Glue. It is stronger and more flexible than other padding glues or compositions. Sheets taken from the pad have a clean edge. The glue doesn’t come with them, nor do the sheets tear. It melts freely and does not string. Just the thing to put a good finish to a good job and make a ROBT. R. BURRAGE, 35.37 r LEARN IT! MILLER COLLEGE OF ART 480 Columbus Avenue, BOSTON, MASS. 0OLDERING SALT S will not stick to your Linotype channel plates if they’ve been rubbed with DIXON’S SPECIAL GRAPHITE No. 635 -the incomparable dry lubricant. Booklet 61c and a sample for the asking. Joseph Dixon Crucible Co., jersey city, n. j. Dld you Durant Counter must be attached to the press you ordered? IT’S A GOOD SIGN When a DURANT COUNTER comes with a press, for then you Know the press=builder has used the best material. THE INLAND PRINTER 119 /LIONEL MOSES* IMPORTER 36 East Twenty-Second Street, New York de Imported 'Paper*? Wood Paper AMERICAN JOB PRESS BRAKE PROTECT Your Checks Stewart Check Protector The imprints are made with absolutely indelible ink — can not be removed by acids. The letters are embossed on check. Stamps from $5 to $500. Delivered on receipt of price, $5. STEWART CHECK PROTECTOR : Chicago, Ill., U. S. A. Bratotng for printers By ERNEST KNAUFFT, Dr of The Art Student , and Director of the Chautauqua Society of Fine Arts. rnplete instructi as me more advanced st desire to learn drawing, whethf with typography, containing rated, for the beginner as well /ill enable any one who has a lg, whether connected with the printing craft or , - r_ jficient in the art as it is possible to be through the study of books. Full cloth; 240 pages; over 100 illustrations. Price . $2.00 THE INLAND PRINTER COMPANY, 1 16 Nassau Street, a 120-130 Sherman St. New York V Chicago tk i * 1 _ A collection of proofs selected f T ||| from odd issues and engravers’ etchings, half-tones and three- color work. No two guaranteed to be exactly alike. Twenty- five selections in a portfolio. :: ;; Price, $1.00 — postpaid. THE INLAND PRINTER COMPANY, Chicago. The Mechanism of the Linotype By John S. Thompson The Latest and Best Work on This Subject A COMPLETE and practical treatise on the installation, operation and care of the Linotype, for the novice as well as the experienced operator, with full information concerning the new two-letter machines, not to be found in any work heretofore published. Fully illustrated. 128 pages. Cloth, $1.50 prepaid. THE INLAND PRINTER CO. 120-1.30 Sherman Street, CHICAGO 116 Nassau Street, . . NEW YORK /hints! Imposition) V A Handbook for J Printers THIS book is a thoroughly reliable guide to the imposi¬ tion of book forms, and shows in addition to the usual diagrams, the folds of the sheet for each form, with concise instructions which may be readily understood by the advanced printer or the apprentice. Several chapters, fully illustrated, are devoted to “making” the margins, and this feature alone is well worth the price of the book. q6 pages, 4 by 6 inches , full leather, flexible, gold side stamp. Price, $1.00 THE INLAND PRINTER COMPANY 120-130 Sherman Street, CHICAGO 116 Nassau Street, . NEW YORK o MMy i THE history of great inventions and improvements in printing machinery is simply the record of the demand for them. With the rapid growth of publica¬ tions of all kinds and enormous circulations there has always come the improved printing machinery to make it possible to handle the output easily and economically. The C. B. Cottrell & Sons Co. have aided the printer and held his confidence in these matters for nearly fifty years -WHAT A SPLENDID RECORD.- Dur¬ ing all this time thousands of Cottrell Presses shipped all over the World, have met every demand for increased production and superior press-work — FIFTY YEARS of press building— T/TTT YEARS of wisely watching what printers wanted and needed— FIFTY TEARS of inventive experience and skill have trained and qualified us as the leading Printing Press Manufac¬ turers in the World today. C. B. COTTRELL & SONS CO. NEW YORK N. Y. WESTERLY R. I. U. S. A. CHICAGO ILL. The Queen City Printing ink Co. /hmdX book) \huo/ 1925 South St., CINCINNATI, 0. 345 Dearborn St., CHICAGO 147 Pearl St., BOSTON 734 Sansom Si, PHILADELPHIA H. D. BLACK, 40. BLUE, 2399. BROWN, 2398. CWhat CAN be done if you TRY Cheerful Charley Cheatam (Cordova’s Celebrated Colored City Councilman) confidentially confesses cunningly cancelling certain certified commercial certificate copies, containing corrected clauses compiled consecutively, concealing conditions con¬ cerning conservative Captain Conrad Cochran (Campbell County’s Catholic Cemetery’s collection clerk) convicted Christmas. ITT/Trl' We TRY to make the BEST INK POSSIBLE The Queen City Printing Ink Co. 1925 South St., - CINCINNATI 345 Dearborn St., - CHICAGO 147 Pearl St., - BOSTON 734 Sansom St., - PHILADELPHIA THE INLAND PRINTER 121 Perforating, Scoring, Numbering, Printing — ONE, OPERATION Practically a pinhole per¬ foration of the most approved character. A clean cut — not merely an indentation. Interlocking sections pro¬ viding for any length of perforation with cross sections. Bates New Models, No. 45 and No. 46 Perfect Registration of Perforations. Absolutely Accurate Numbering. Unequaled Presswork. Entire Former Cost Eliminated. model Incorporated. Capital, $100,000 The Bates Machine Co. model no. 27 - MAKERS - no. 29 m For General Offices, 346 Broadway, New York, U.S.A. For Cash Sf General Use BRANCH OFFICES: Sale Books , - Made to MANCHESTER, ENGLAND — 2 Cooper Street. BRUSSELS, BELGIUM— 14 Rue Des Hirondelles. I to 59 N? 12345 Backward AGENCIES : Type Founders and Dealers in Printers 50 to 1 Repeating Facsimile impression. Forward Materials Everywhere. Automat illy N? 2 9 . Perfection Wire- Stitching Machines Always Satisfactory Manufactured by The J. L. MORRISON CO. 60 Duane St., New York LONDON LEIPZIG TORONTO The Robert Dick Mailer The Printers’ friend. Unrivaled for simplicity, durability and speed. With it experts have addressed Dm 6,ooo to 8,586 papers in less than an hour. Latest record, 200 papers in less than a minute. No office complete without it. ?or information concern- r mailer, address Rev. Robert Dick Estate 122 THE INLAND PRINTER HERE’S many a printer who is better off (finan¬ fl 11 cially) for having pinned his faith to this chick. igyi <1 There’s many a printer who would be better off in this line if he had done the same thing. BERLIN INK & COLOR CO. Manufacturers of Litho and Printing Inks, Varnishes and Dry Colors Eleventh and Hamilton Streets, PHILADELPHIA CHICAGO DETROIT INDIANAPOLIS RICHMOND, VA. THE INLAND PRINTER 123 The Rhodes Automatic MaRe=Ready Blanket ENGRAVERS HENNEGAN & COMPANY a Specialty ENGRAVERS PRINTERS Eighth St., Near Main Cincinnati, Ohio, March 2, 1904. The Rhodes Blanket Co., 290 Broadway, New York, N. Y.: Gentlemen , — We enclose you herewith check for $22.33 in payment of the enclosed bills less 5 per cent as per your agreement. Send us at once, by express, two cylinder press blankets 34 x 48 inches and two platen press blankets 9 X 13 inches. We are more than pleaded with the results obtained from the use of these blankets and will have all our presses equipped with same in a short time. Truly yours, HENNEGAN & CO. J. Y. H. For Platen, Cylinder and 'Rotary "Presses Write us for price, sample and further information. THE RHODES BLANKET COMPANY 290 Broadway, NEW YORK CITY Our April Stitcher Bulletin of Fads In the Boston Wire Stitching Machine the feed differs from all other stitching machines in that it is direct and the natural winding of the spool is continued, the wire passing through a felt-lined tube opened at the top. The spool rests diagonally over a spindle and is retarded by gravity, eliminating springs, clasps, bolts, screws, etc. Feed grip is circular, having many contacts, and changes automat¬ ically each time the stitcher is threaded — a new and important feature heretofore found impossible. A suitable wire straightener removes kinks from the wire. Remember : ( 1 ) Setting the thickness of the work automatically adjusts all parts of the machine. (2) Only one wrench required, which fits all removable bolts. (3) Wire clips are part of the stitcher at left of face plate. (4) The electrical equipment is unexcelled. The Boston No. 4 now ready. First lot of 1 00 sold out ; of the new lot, 20 are on live orders. For full particulars and net prices write to the nearest house or selling agency. In stock at all houses of the General Selling Agent, American Type Founders Company 124 THE INLAND PRINTER The Linotype For all kinds of Composition Ten Thousand in Daily Use! THIS includes book and tabular work, catalogues and directories, the reading matter and sub-headings of newspapers, also classified and a large percentage of display advertisements. The Improved Pica Linotype will run any of 200 faces from 5 to 12 point, in any measure up to 30 ems pica. A complete change from one face, body and measure to another, or from one class of work to another (as from newspaper composition to book or tabular work), requires but five min¬ utes. One machine can be utilized in all departments. A Double Magazine Linotype in your “ ad ” alley would save you money. LET US SEND YOU DETAILS AND SPECIMENS = MERGENTHALER ====== LINOTYPE COMPANY New York Chicago San Francisco New Orleans THE INLAND PRINTER 125 FULLER AUTOMATIC FEEDERS NEW MODEL For Printing Presses, Folding M ach ines, Ruling Machines, etc. Accurately feeds all kinds of paper, light or heavy. Can be attached to any make or style of Printing Press working flat sheets. Adapted to all classes of letterpress, lithographic or color work. WE GUARANTEE AN INCREASE IN PRODUCTION OF TEN TO TWENTY-FIVE PER CENT OVER HAND FEEDING, PERFECT REGISTER AND SAVING IN WASTAGE OF STOCK. Thousands in successful operation. Fisher Building CHICAGO E. C. FULLER COMPANY NEW YORK 126 THE INLAND PRINTER LATHAM MACHINERY COMPANY Main Office and Factory, 199 S. Canal Street, Chicago Eastern Office, 19 Reade Street, New York We furnish Punches and Dies for all standard styles of loose leaf and card filing systems, indexes and tab cutting. SEND FOR CATALOGUE showing all styles, with diagrams of Special Dies, complete descriptions, prices, etc., also illustrating the well-known Monitor Wire Stitchers. If you have Latham machinery, you know you have the best — and that is the most economical kind to buy. LATHAM MONITOR PUNCHES For Foot, Steam or Electric Power nm THE INLAND PRINTER 127 128 THE INLAND PRINTER A BAD SWAP OFFICE OF THE NEWS. Printers Ink Jonson, 17 Spruce St., New York City: Bunker Hill, III., January 29, 1904. Dear Sir, — I want one of your price lists. I sent you an order some weeks ago for a 100-lb. keg of news ink, and to send the necessary amount I had to look through many back issues of Printers’ Ink to get your price. The ink came to hand, and I am using it to my entire satisfaction. I just purchased this office two months ago and found a 100-lb. keg of ink the former proprietor had gotten on some advertising deal, and I guess it cost him about 18 cents a lb. To show what I thought of it I made a bonfire of the stuff, and it made such a smell that the city marshal served notice on me to quench the fire and take the ink out and bury it. I used your ink some eight or nine years when I was at Lacon, Ill., on the Democrat, and it was as good then as it is now, so I want your price list to stock up on inks. The ink on this letter is some $1.00 a lb. stuff that takes three weeks to dry. I also want you to rub the envelope — printed with the same $1.00 ink. You will find that, although these envelopes were printed six weeks ago, you can still smear the ink, and you can notice that not an over sufficiency of ink was used. I desire to congratulate you on the splendid service you are rendering the printers — those who can see further than their noses. Why a man will buy on time and pay three and four prices and consider himself to be a shining example of a town’s intelligence is beyond me. And the Lord pity the poor country newspaper men who are taking advertising contracts on an ink-paying basis. Respectfully, W. B. Powell. Send for my price list, and compare the figures with what you are now paying. Don’t make any exchange deals in the ink line, for no matter how shrewd you think you are, you will get badly smeared. = ADDRESS = Printers Ink Jonson 17 Spruce Street, New York City LET US PROVE our claim that the Booton Automatic Register Gauge will eliminate waste and give absolutely perfect register at speeds from 25 to 5 o % higher than you are running your platen presses now with the fixed side gauge. Here is what Wm. EsKew says about it: The C. H. Booton Co., Gallipolis, Ohio: We enclose a couple sample blotters that we printed with your Auto¬ matic Register Gauge. You will notice that the register is faultless. We consider the gauge a great time-saver, as by its use we are permitted to run our presses at a high rate of speed and at the same time secure absolute register. The samples enclosed were run at a speed of 2,220 an hour and considering the nature of the work, we believe this speaks well for your gauge. — The Keystone Press, Portsmouth, Ohio. A SAMPLE, OF ITS WORK This is a reproduction by zinc etching of the original. It was printed thirty- seven times on a 7x11 Pearl press at 3,200 an hour. The ink is heavy, but the register is perfect on type, leaders and rule. Let us tell more about this “ good thing.” All inquiries cheerfully answered by The C. H. BOOTON COMPANY, Gallipolis, Ohio, U.S.A. Toronto Type Foundry Co., Toronto, Canada. Canadian-American Machinery Co., London, England, Sole Foreign Agents. . Even a piece of printing in one color should be in perfect register. A mis-fed sheet looks “sloppy." . The Discount on Inland Type on and after April 1, 1904, is A further cask discount of two per cent will be allowed if bill is paid on the 1 5fb, or one per cent if paid between the 15fli and {be last day of month. We Pay the Freight on all orders of $20 or over for type, rule and all other printers sup¬ plies, except presses, cufters and oflier machinery & wood goods. Inland Type Foundry Saint Louis Chicago Buffalo The Inland Type Foundry on and after April 1, 1904, will allow on Inland Type a discount of 15 Per Cent On open accounts we allow a furfher cask discount of 2 per cent, if die bill is paid on {he 15{h of monfb following date of invoice, or, if not paid {hen, but paid during {be monfli, a discount of 1 per cent. If not paid {ben we shall draw on {be 15{h of {be following mon{h. We Pay the Freight on all orders of $20 or over, con¬ sisting of type, rule and o{her printers supplies, except machinery, im¬ posing stones or wood goods. Full particulars regarding {bis offer on ap¬ plication. Allowances for old metal: Clean type and printers brass, 7c. per lb.; electros, stereos, leads or mixed metal, 4c. per lb., delivered to us. Inland Type Foundry Saint Louis Chicago Buffalo THE INLAND PRINTER 129 $$ $ $ $ $ $ $*t* ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ 3 3 ^9 <3® qJO) do) glumt iltmutfarturing (Emnpang Allegheny Aye. and 19th St., Philadelphia, Pa. THE INLAND PRINTER 141 THE HUBER PRESS Is the best, because it is the most durable. Is the strongest in its wearing parts. The distribution of the ink is as perfect as can be made. It runs fastest with less jar. The impression is very rigid. The machine is simple to operate, requires less care, least liable to break, with very little attention will last a lifetime. The Huber is worthy of your investiga¬ tion. Will require but little time, and will repay you with many years of satisfaction. See it in operation before placing your order. VAN ALLENS & BOUGHTON IQ to 2d Rose St., 59 Ann St., New York. Agents, Pacific Coast, HADWEN SWAIN MFG. COMPANY. Western OFFICE, 277 Dearborn Street, 215 Spear Street, San Francisco, Cal. H. W. THORNTON, Manager , Agent, England, P. LAWRENCE, 57 Shoe Lane, London, E. C. Telephone, 801 Harrison. CHICAGO 142 THE INLAND PRINTER Rouse Job Sticks are_ imrivaled_ for accuracy, convenience and durability Adjust instantly to picas or nonpareils. No job office complete without them. r\ Sold by representative dealers everywhere. MADE ONLY BY H. B. ROUSE & Co., 158 E. Huron Street, Chicago. Illustrated Booklet Free. John Haddon & Co., London, Sole Agents for Great Britain. There’s Something Doing Both in quality and quantity, where Chal= lenge=Gordon Presses are installed. They are used in the finest offices for the choicest jobs because they do the best work at the best speed. Plenty of dwell makes them easy to feed, the noiseless single disc makes distribution perfect — and is so easy to clean. The only press with balanced platen and double lock throw=off. Buy the “CHALLENGE” and be happy. Send for circular. SOLD BY DEALERS Manufactured by MllC C H-A.LLENGE"- SALESROOM AND WAREHOUSE : EVERYWHERE MACHINERY CO., Grand Haven, Michigan 127-129 Market St., CHICAGO THE INLAND PRINTER 143 The Superintendent of an old and wealthy corporation recently remarked : “The Tatum Taper Tunch is tiauenty-fi'Oe years ahead of the times You would agree with him if you installed our outfit. THE. SAM’L C. TATUM CO., Cincinnati NEW YORK OFFICE, 15 Warren Street Largest MaKers in the tZJorld of PjXPE'R P \JJVC H £ JT operated by Hand „ Foot , Steam or Electricity. We also make Card Index Tab Cutters, Round- Cornering Attachments, Label Cutting Attachments. Note : Our heavy construction. Simplicity, with few points of friction or lost motion. Style D. Price , $200 We want you to have our Catalogue showing the many styles we make. We guaran¬ tee to punch more sheets with less power than other makes. THE INLAND PRINTER The Martini Book Sewing Machine THE MACHINE FOR GOOD WORK The Work that Makes The MARTINI Famous TWELVE MARTINIS ALL IN A ROW IN THE U. S. GOVERNMENT PRINT SHOP IN WASHINGTON The Lutheran Publishing House, Decorah, Iowa, says : We bought one Martini Book Sewing Machine in October, 1903. It has been running every day since to our entire satisfaction. We are very much pleased with the work it does, especially the quality. The quantity depends on the operator. Our customers are delighted with our books since we started sewing them on the Martini, because they are stronger and entirely flat¬ opening. C. L. LARSEN, Foreman of Bindery. These Machines Are Manufactured JOSEPH E. SMYTH 411 DEARBORN STREET T.W.& C. B. SHERIDAN CO. EXCLUSIVE SELLING AGENTS NEW YORK AND CHICAGO THE INLAND PRINTER 145 The Inland Printer Business Directory. TRe firms enumerated below are reliable, and are commended to the notice of those seeking materials, machinery or special service for the Printing, Illustrating and Bookbinding Industries. ^sh'e is^fc«p“"“d’ N- J- j*ahfiRSa srs-iSsl |rd > AND MANUFAC- CA5E-MAKING AND EMB( COATED PAPER. Tgggggg&s AND STEREOTYP- HALF-TONE AND ZINC E A“=J^“^r“ - SJ “No finer specimen of the Printers' Art exists, nor one which contains more valuable 'meat.’ ” (Hu’ ^British printer For all members of the Printing Trades. Entirely practical. Acknowledged as the technical instructor of the craft. Tells all about trade progress. Is best in typography. With each issue for “ lifting.” Every number contains tone and colors. The British Print and its best exponent. PUBLISHED BI-MONTHLY. $2.00 per Annum, post free. Specimen Copy, 25 Cents. Subscriptions will be received by The Inlanp Printer Co., Chicago. PUBLISHED BY itself a sample of the finest and is included a set of sample jobs i pictorial reproductions in half- er is the pioneer of three-color RAITHBY, LAWRENCE Cr CO., Ltd. LEICESTER and LONDON THE INLAND PRINTER 153 On May 1st our Chicago Office goes to 215 Madison St. 5th and 6th floors. 30,000 square feet. IN a scant seven years the Barnes-Crosby Company has reached supremacy in its field — the largest employers — the largest producers. Glance below at our yearly advancement. It means much to you. Why ? Because this progress has been pos¬ sible only because of the superiority of our service to users of engraving and commer¬ cial art. Our customers range from the largest and most discriminating users, who have unbroken faith in our service, to the inexperienced, small or occasional buyer who relies on our judgment and integrity for results. 1897 Established in Chicago — four employes. 1898 Incorporated and Factory opened. 1899 Consolidated with A. Zeese (T&, Co. and Aetna Engraving Company. Office and Art Department opened in St. Louis. 1900 Factory opened in St. Louis — eight employes. 1901 Plant of George J. Geselchap Co. purchased and equipment combined with St. Louis establishment. 1902 Establishment opened in New York. 1903 Western Engraving Company of St. Louis pur¬ chased. Office and Factory in St. Louis moved to present location, 214-216 Chestnut Street, floor space. 22,000 square feet. 1904 Chicago establishment moved May 1st to 215 Madison Street, fifth and sixth floors. Electric elevator service for these floors only. 30,000 square feet of floor space. Latest labor-saving machinery driven by individual motors. Twenty- four cameras. A completely equipped commer¬ cial photograph gallery. Largest Skylight in Chicago. SUMMARY — Total number employed at art work and photo-engraving, exclusive ' of any allied trade, 350 — a greater number than is employed by any one other engraving concern in the United States. Offices and representatives in Detroit, Cleveland, Kansas City and Memphis. THE B.-C. QUALITY IS THE BEST COMMUNICATE WITH OUR NEAREST OFFICE BARNES-CROSBY COMPANY ARTISTS CHICAGO ST. LOUIS NEW YORK 154 THE INLAND PRINTER l$e Best Picture gf Niagara Charles Graham’s water color. Published by the Michigan Central R. R. The above picture in 12 colors, 14^4 x 24^, sent free of postage to any part of the world (postal union) on receipt of 50 cents. Calendar, with smaller picture, 1 5 cents. Dept. X. Address, O. W. RUGGLES, G. P. T. A., CHICAGO. THE INLAND PRINTER 155 RIESSNER'S IMPERIAL GOLD INK JVot made for anything but "Plated and Coated StocK. Any printer using this class of paper can print BRIGHT GOLD and do away with the annoyance of bronzing. Something all printers want. WE HAVE IT ! Sttii— T. RIESSNER tin cans. f 57 Gold St., NEW YORK PRINTS BRIGHT GOLD ( See Insert December, iqo3 ) DO YOU IMITATE TYPEWRITING? If you do, you should use Little’s Printing Ink and Typewriter Ribbons to match. The Blue Record Ink is recommended for general circular work, perfect match being obtained with Blue Record Ribbons. Send for sample of regular work. :: Typewriter Ribbons, Satin-finish Carbon Papers, and the wonderful Cobweb Carbon Papers, the thinnest and most durable carbon paper upon the market. :: :: :: :: :: :: :: INK, trial Pound, .... $3.00 RIBBONS, Each, - - - - 1 .00 RIBBONS, Per dozen, - - 9.00 A. P. Little Rochester, N. Y. NEW YORK CHICAGO PHILADELPHIA PITTSBUR G LONDON TORONTO f50 ROUND TRIP Chicago to San Francisco and Los Angeles for strictly first-class tickets, with choice of routes going and returning, tickets on sale daily April 23 to May 1, with return limit June 30, 1904. Correspondingly low rates from all points. Admirable double daily train service includes the famous electric- lighted OVERLAND LIMITED Solid through train, less than three days to the coast, over the only double-track railway between Chicago and the Missouri River, and The California Express, with through service to San Francisco and Los Angeles. The "Best of Everything. All Agents sell tickets reading via the CHICAGO, UNION PACIFIC AND NORTH-WESTERN LINE p for booklet on Cal be Overland Limitec W. B. KNISKERN, T. M., c. & N.-w. R CHICAGO, ILL. 156 THE INLAND PRINTER From Chicago April 23 to May 1 August 15 to September 10 Choice of routes via the Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul Railway Tickets good on the Overland Lim¬ ited and The California Express of The St. Paul and Union Pacific line. Our ideas of the country we live in are gradually being broadened. Years ago the coast resorts of California were famous, principally, for the delights of winter travel there. But Americans now know their own land better, and California is recognized as one grand summer resort. It is distinctively rich in the picturesque, perhaps more so than any like area in America, but it is so variable that it does not pall on the senses, and the sight-seer never tires of its pleasurable changes. You may see oranges growing in rich groves, and within a short distance snow¬ capped mountain tops. If you are going to California you may never have a better opportunity than in April and May or in August and September, 1904, when the rate from Chicago to San Francisco or Los Angeles, and return, via the Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul Railway, will be only $50. If you are going, it is worth your while to travel via the Overland Limited, The Pioneer Limited ($11 more via St. Paul, Minne¬ apolis and Portland) or The Southwest Limited of the Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul Railway. Descriptive books sent to any address for six cents postage. F. A. MILLER, General Passenger Agent, CHICAGO. THE INLAND PRINTER 157 The Grand Canyon of Arizona DIRECTLY REACHED BY RAIL. TRAINS DAILY TO THE RIM. This Titan of Chasms is incomparably the greatest scenic wonder of the world. More than a mile deep, 1 3 miles wide, 2 1 7 miles long. Is it difficult to realize these dimensions? Try comparisons: If a full regiment of soldiers were to stand upright on each other’s shoulders, the column would scarcely reach from river to rim. The Masonic Temple, Chicago, is 302 feet high. Twenty such buildings could be superimposed in the Canyon’s deepest gorge without reaching the top. New York’s eight tallest business edifices aggregate 2,393 feet in height. Double those figures and there would still be a thousand feet between the topmost building and upper rim. From the Auditorium to Hyde Park represents only half the distance from rim to rim across the Canyon’s stupendous abyss. Niagara Falls, the Yosemite, Pike’s Peak, even Chicago itself, if all set down in the Grand Canyon, you would need a field glass to find them. A short, inexpensive and easy side tour on the California trip. Round-trip rate for side ride, Williams to Grand Canyon, $6.50 Free copy of beautifully illustrated pamphlet sent on request. Set of four black-and-white Platinum prints, for framing, 25 cents. Handsomely lithographed and illustrated book of over 200 pages, containing articles by many noted authors — 50 cents. Address Atchison, Topeka Lr> Santa Fe Ry. System General Passenger Office Chicago ALL THE WAY 158 THE INLAND PRINTER New Jersey Wire Stitching Machine, THE HIGHEST GRADE. “FOOL PROOF.” STEAM OR ELECTRIC MOTOR. Send for Catalogue. J. L. Shoemaker & Co, SOLE AGENTS, 15 South Sixth Street PHILADELPHIA, PA. Copper and Zinc Plates MACHINE GROUND AND POLISHED CELEBRATED SATIN FINISH BRAND FOR PHOTO-ENGRAVING AND ETCHING MANUFACTURED BY American Steel & Copper Plate Co. 150 NASSAU STREET, NEW YORK, N. Y. Yes, Comfortably Busy, thank you, but I can find a place for that Special Machine you have in mind. I will DESIGN it for you and you can build it; or I’ll have it built for you under my supervision. I have been doing it for your competitors for seven years. SAM’L HOLLINGSWORTH, M. E. Post Office Building Plainfield, New Jersey Whitmore Mfg. Co. HOLYOKE, MASS. MANUFACTURE BEST GRADES OF Surface Coated Papers AND Card Board ESPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR LITHOGRAPHING AND THREE-COLOR WORK The Black-Clawson Co. HAMILTON, OHIO — - BUILDERS OF IMPROVED '-= Paper and Pulp Mill Machinery INK MILLS, PERFORATORS (f Write us for prices and further pa PRINTERS’ ROLLERS BEST AND CHEAPEST IN USE - ALSO - TABLET GUM GODFREY & CO. 809 Sansom St., Philadelphia, Pa. If inahurry,r,tyo”fon”s ATLAS ELECTROTYPE COMPANY : 1 We do electrotyping only, and give prompt service and best work. We can please you. Out-of-town work solicited. 76 to 82 Sherman St., Chicago DISPLACES BENZINE. Non-Explosive, More Economical. Used by U. S. Government and thousands of printers. Reduces insurance rates nearly 25%. Preserves rollers. Devoid of gum or sediment. TARCOLIN TRADE-MARK. Sole manufacturers of non-inflammable solvents and detergents for all purposes , under the following trade-marks: Anti-Benzine, Tarcolin, Rockolin, Alcolin, Dissolin and Pyronil. Write for booklet. Delete Chemical Co. 126 William St.. New YorK. The Big Three Rooks Linen Ledger ... 16 cents per lb. Rooks White Laid Linen. 16 cents per lb. Rooks Bond ........ 16 cents per lb. All plated finish. Absolutely pure linen. Carried in stock by E. S. ROOKS & COMPANY 127-129 MARKET STREET, CHICAGO, ILL. JL J. * I8V98 Linen Record ^m-se vr all linen ARE ACKNOWLEDGED TO BE OF THE HIGHEST QUALITY. SEND FOR SAMPLE BOOK. CRANE BROS.. PAPER MAKERS, WESTFIELD. MASS. LMartenson&Co. =^MACHINISTS== Printers’ and Bookbinders’ Machinery a Specialty 186 and 198 South Clark Street, Sixth Floor, Rear. CHICAGO. CARBON BLACK Godfrey L. Cabot BOSTON, MASS. THE INLAND PRINTER 159 PIRIE’S CEIEBRATEII GUMMED SST*'' PAPERS MILLS — ABERDEEN, SCOTLAND. 0. S. Branch-ALEX. PIRIE & SONS, Lid. 33 Rose St., New YorK. POLISHED ZINC AND COPPER PLATES ^ GLOSSOID BRANDS ^ OUR ZINC GIVING RESULTS NEARER TO SOFT ZINC- Superior Quality- — — Finer Lines - —Attractive Prices. DRAGONS BLOOD - CHARCOAL— PHOTO-ENGRAVERS’ SUPPLIES. Star ■ Engravers* Swjtpfg Co. 81 and 83 FULTON STREET Telephone, 139 JOHN NEW YORK CITY S. P. Shotter Company NEW YORK. PHILADELPHIA. SAVANNAH. :: CHICAGO. Rosin Oils AH grades and gravities for making PRINTING INK GET OUR PRICES AND SAMPLES Slade, Hipp 4 Meloy 139 LAKE STREET, CHICAGO. BONNERWITH BROS. MANUFACTURERS AND JOBBERS IN (Mritbara anil Jffana Easter (Hariia, 3m ffanMrs, ric.. Factory — 963-967 DeKalb Avenue BROOKLYN, N.Y. New York City Office — 78 Duane St. Yrst-^ockt jRanual of sprinting Come, let’s talk it over JF 0\Z*R METAL is good enough _for the J* J+ Chicago Tribune , t&hy not for you ? GREAT WESTERN SMELTING AND REFINING CO. CHICAGO WHY YOU NEED IT! Acme Ink Reducer DON’T WORRY— USE BLATGHFORD METALS They’ll Help You Not To “A TOWER OF STRENGTH” E.W. BLATGHFORD & CO. 54-70 N. Clinton St., Chicago A TIME-SAVER FOB PHOTO -ENGRAVERS “Keystone Photo Arc Lamp” FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC REPRODUCTIONS SAVES 75% IN CURRENT: AND 75% IN TIME - - sole Manufacturers - KEYSTONE BLUE PAPER C0„ 910 Filbert St., Philadelphia. Pa. CHICAGO BLUE PRINT PAPER CO., 160 Adams St., Chicago, III. MITTAG & VOLGER CARBON PAPERS TYPEWRITER, RIBBONS For Printing Imitation Typewritten Letters MITTAG & VOLGER’S SUPERLATIVE INKS In “ PARK RIDGE, NEW JERSEY 160 THE INLAND PRINTER The Inland Printer— April, 1904. CONTENTS. INDEX TO ADVERTISEMENTS. a* »£ S asaas »£ I I ’ & ' ss ?s s *** ? AAA • Holyohe, Mass., 1 • S«lUag A*et>ta tar Chit S WKOE fi BIGELOW, t li)6»7 Mon P|fS mfegrfef ® In RilH OUR RULING ROOM The mos^complete in {he Wes^ J.W. BUTLER PAPER COMPANY CHICAGO 2-1 162 THE INLAND PRINTER OES Calendar 1905 Pads Stock Certificates Bond Blanks Diploma Blanks * We are the originators of these specialties for printers’ use. ^ Our Calendar Pads are Lithographed (not printed), which insures uniformity of color and margin. We have 38 styles and sizes. Samples for 1905 now ready. Our line of blanks is recognized as the largest and most com¬ plete on the market. 100 styles StocK Certificates 47 “ Bond Blanks 10 “ Diplomas 4 “ Check Blanks Samples and prices on application. Lithographers, whose facilities are limited, will find it to their advantage to have us execute their large orders for color and commercial work. We run eighteen lithograph presses, sizes 17 x 22 to 44 x 64 inches (your imprint on your orders). Trade work is one of our specialties. Goes Lithographing Company Sixty=First and Clark Streets CHICAGO THE INLAND PRINTER THE AULT £r- WIBORG CO. Makers of Letterpress, Steelplate, Copperplate and Lithographic Inks Dry Colors, Varnishes, Oils and Dryers. Importers of Lithographic Stones, Supplies and Bronzes. CINCINNATI, NEW YORK, CHICAGO ST. LOUIS, TORONTO, LONDON 164 THE INLAND PRINTER YOU ARE CORDIALLY INVITED to visit our exhibit and see the simplest, most economical and most efficient type¬ setting machine ever built. ONE-MAN TYPE SETTER MAKE THE EXHIBIT YOUR HEADQUARTERS, have your mail and telegrams sent in our care, and let us be as helpful to you as possible. INSTALL A SIMPLEX of your own before you go, and things will go better in your absence. Our terms are very easy. THE UNITYPE COMPANY 148-156 SANDS ST., BROOKLYN, N. Y. 200 Monroe Street, CHICAGO 410 Sansome St.. SAN FRANCISCO THE INLAND PRINTER 165 <©ltr f^antpsljtrc Unith MAY i, 1904 THE SELLING AGENTS In the United States FOR PAPER fc? ENVELOPES IN THE EAST IN THE WEST NEW YORK . Paul E. Vernon CHICAGO . Bradner Smith & Co. PHILADELPHIA . . . . I. N. Megargee & Co. ST. LOUIS . Graham Paper Co. BOSTON ...... A. Storrs & Bement Co. DENVER . Carter, Rice & Co. BUFFALO . The Courier Co. DES MOINES . . . Western Newspaper Union CINCINNATI . . Cincinnati Cordage & Paper Co. DULUTH . Zenith Paper Co. CLEVELAND . . Union Paper & Twine Co. INDIANAPOLIS .... Crescent Paper Co. COLUMBUS ... The Central Ohio Paper Co. KANSAS CITY . . . Kansas City Paper House DETROIT . Detroit Paper Co. MILWAUKEE . Standard Paper Co. HARRISBURG . Johnston & Co. MINNEAPOLIS . . . John Leslie Paper Co. PITTSBURG . . . W. W. McBride Paper Co. OMAHA . Western Paper Co. READING . M. J. Earl ST. PAUL . F. G. Leslie Co. ROCHESTER . Ailing & Cory SALT LAKE . Western Newspaper Union SCRANTON . Megargee Bros. SYRACUSE . J. & F. B. Garrett TROY . Troy Paper Co. IN THE SOUTH McDonald & Fisher NEW ORLEANS .... E. C. Palmer & Co. R. P. Andrews & Co., Inc. ATLANTA . The S. P. Richards Co. Richmond Paper Mfg. Co. DALLAS ....... A. G. Elliot Paper Co. Louisville Paper Co. ON THE PACIFIC COAST SAN FRANCISCO . . Blake, Moffitt & Towne PORTLAND LOS ANGELES . . . Blake, Moffitt & Towne SEATTLE . THE MAKERS OF THE ENVELOPES l^aniJlS'fUrC Envelopes, their quality guaranteed by us, are made, for the trade only, by the United States Envelope Co. at the following divisions : Logan, Swift & Brigham Envelope Co., Division WORCESTER, MASS. Plimpton Manufacturing Co., Division HARTFORD, CONN. National Envelope Co., Division MILWAUKEE, WIS. Blake-McFall Co. American Paper Co. BALTIMORE . WASHINGTON RICHMOND . LOUISVILLE . i The Ictva If "Round Our Heater in the heating and ventilating of The Iowa permit of placing the entire heating apparatus on the outside of the ma¬ chine, thereby overcoming all danger of fire, or of the lamp fumes passing into the egg chamber. Our heater, it will be noticed from the illustration, is constructed of four cylinders which are put together by that purpose. Each and terlocking, which makes - That this method of heating of running hot-air or hot- chamber, or that of placing machine, and heating by appear reasonable to the un- With our method, the eggs violent currents or hot blasts many other makes, thus as- from every hatchable egg. Our heater works in regulator, and to thor- LAMP \ special machinery for every joint is double in- it positively air-tight . is in advance of the old way water pipgp around the egg a tank in the top of the radiation, should at once prejudiced, thinking person, are at no time subject to of air, as is the case with suring a strong, robust chick R close proximity with our oughly understand the many our incubator possesses over other makes, the advantages reader should refer to the chapters, “Our Regulator and Its Advantages,” as well as “Moisture and Ventilation.” Our heater is very economical in the use of oil. The course as taken by the ventilation and heat from the lamp can be traced by following the arrows, commencing at the bottom of the heater. Our Guarantee We guarantee the Iowa Incubators and Brooders to be just as represented between the covers of this book. They are automatic in regulation and ventilation, and require no more time and attention to operate successfully, under like circumstances, than any other machine on the market. We guarantee they are well and substantially built and in durability second to none; that they are fireproof in construction throughout, mineral wool and asbestos paper being used on the parts exposed to intense heat, and that they are fitted with a non-explosive lamp of the latest style and pattern. We agree, within a reasonable length of time, to replace all broken or defective parts in our machines, if returned to us charges prepaid, provided the breakage or defects were not caused through carelessness or neglect on the part of the operator. MONOTYPED BY THE HENRY O. SHEPARD COMPANY, CHICAGO P. R. HILTON, President E. W. BEEDLE, Vice-President A. H. McQUILKIN, Secretary A. W. RATHBUN, Treasurer THE HENRY O. SHEPARD COMPANY Publishers, Printers, Embossers and Blank Book Makers 1 20 - 130 Sherman Street CHICAGO, ILLINOIS AS MADE AND COMPOSED ON THE MONOTYPE 5 Point ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRST 5 >4 Point ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQR 6 Point ABCDEFGH I J KLMNOPQ 7 Point ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOr 8 Point ABCDEFGHIJKLMNO 9 Point ABCDEFGHIJKLMN 10 Point ABCDEFGHIJKLM 11 Point ABCDEFGHIJKL ABCDEFGHIJK AS MADE FOR THE CASE BY THE MONOTYPE ABCDEFGHIJK ABCDEFGH I ABCDEF 30 Point ABODE 36 Point ABCD March 21, 1904 WOOD & NATHAN CO., No. 1 Madison Avenue, New York, N. Y. : Gentlemen, — We have three Lanston Mono¬ type Keyboards and two Casting Machines in our plant, and have had the equipment in steady use for a number of years. Our run of work is catalogue, booklet, tariff and general railroad and commercial work. We find the machines a most valuable adjunct, and in the casting of sorts, space material, tabular work of intricate and narrow measure, they have a range of usefulness that has helped us out of many perplexing problems . Yours very truly, THE HENRY 0. SHEPARD CO. President . THE INLAND PRINTER 169 THE CENTURY The Reasons for the Superiority are obvious: The CENTURY is best as regards its workmanship. The CENTURY is best as regards the novelty and ingenuity of its mechanical construction. The CENTURY is best as regards the many time=saving devices therein included. The CENTURY is best as regards its durability and freedom from the necessity of repairs. Finally, for these and other reasons — The CENTURY is best because it gives a larger output in a given space of time and of a higher quality than any other machine. Speed is a modern synonym for success in business. Speed is the underlying secret of the success of the CENTURY PRESS. It is the only press which can be pushed to its very limit of speed without in any way affecting the quality of its output. This is mainly due to the power and perfect balance of its bed movement, to the close and unchangeable lock which is maintained between its bed and cylinder throughout the entire impressional stroke, as also to the rotary super=inking devices which admit of the most perfect ink=distribution known to mechanical science, and thus insure even and continuous “color” throughout the longest run. THE CAMPBELL COMPANY HENRY A. WISE WOOD, President 1 Madison Avenue, NEW YORK 334 Dearborn Street, CHICAGO THE CENTURY — JENNEY MOTORS FOR PRINTERS — , H&Z Bookbinders’ Flexible Glue FOR BLANK BOOK, EDITION AND BIBLE WORK THIS GLUE is used in place of the ordinary hard glue. It does not crack or harden, but always remains flexible, and is elastic and tough as rubber. It will dissolve without previously being soaked by heating in a glue pot. It will not string, but spreads evenly with a brush and can be reduced with water. We guarantee these goods to be superior in every respect to anything of the kind ever produced. It is entirely free from acids, white lead, zinc or coloring matter. Sold in 60=lb. cans, 100-lb. cases and 360-lb. barrel lots. ■ manufactured by . — — -= HART & ZUGELDER, Printers* Rollers, E,TaBLISH„ 1876 ROCHESTER, NEW YORK From J. B. SAVA1 Messrs. Hart & THE INLAND PRINTER 171 J>eerlessCarbonBlack W^very ink maker that tries it 7^°™’ \ * We supply the Black Ink used by the ■ T# continues to use it:— Inland Printer” for their letterpress and half-tone work, and this Ink is made with your Peerless Black, experi¬ ence having taught us that no other . Black will give so good a result in fine ^^•very ink made with it prints perfectly ^ ^^with a black brilliant impression . [orunyisT^thlhttrcon^Uk a Black of exceptional merit. Yours very truly, R, , _ r JAENECKE BROS, A FR.SCHNEEMAN. ead these letters Irom representative ink makers. London; January 29, 1897. We have used your PEERLESS CARBON BLACK for the last thirteen _ years for making the fine Black Ink we . . , . . supply to the “British Printer" and ■ o ok at the printinq in this paper, - with which that journal prints its fine i . . 1 _ 'J l,i , - Letterpress and Process work. the ink used was made with it. We think' we were the first in Eng- land to use your Black, and we consider that we, in a sense “discovered” it. We _ have much pleasure in adding that it has always been very reliable and M^wery ink maker should use it ™^for litho and halftone inks. Yours .faithfully, MANDER BROS. S Philadelphia, August 9, 1902.’ 11 ft7nip>r»t for* tvifll Referring td yours of the 6th, we find UU1UC1U Hldi the Peerless Black fully maintaining sent free the superior quality that has character¬ ized it over other Carbon Blacks. Yours very truly, CHAS. ENEU JOHNSON euARANnEs^^ OH PMiXs*QUAurr Made by The Peerless Carbon BlackCo., Pittsburg , Pa. Sole Agents : BlNNEY &SM1TH Co. 81-83 FULTON ST. 63 FARRI NGDON ST. 5 RUE ELZEVIR. 55-57 NEUERWALL. 172 THE INLAND PRINTER ** H>l RRLC — • MVTQMATie PREoO" ft1'' ^MP^NY5 ^ — - V The Harris Automatic Press Unites the Hemispheres ! Used by the United States Government at home and in the Philippines, by the French Government in the National Printing Office at Paris, and by the Russian Government at the Imperial Printing Office at St. Petersburg. The printing for the British Government is done on Harris Presses in private hands. Prints separate cut sheets, envelopes, etc., at 5,000 or more impressions per hour. Will not print from web. FOR FULL PARTICULARS, ADDRESS ANY OF THE ABOVE, OR THE HARRIS AUTOMATIC PRESS CO. NILES, OHIO CHICAGO — Old Colony Building NEW YORK — 26 Cortlandt Street THE INLAND PRINTER 173 ALWAYS AHEAD OUR LATEST SUCCESS It pleases us to announce to the trade that we have perfected and have in successful operation a CONTINUOUS FEED TRIMMER. for' trimming all sizes of sewed or* stitched books, pamphlets, magazines, etc., with absolute accuracy" ITS OUTPUT IS ENORMOUS! Write for further particulars. The Seybold Machine Co. PATENTEES AND BUILDERS OF STRICTLY High-Grade Machinery" for Bookbinders, Printers, Lithographers, Paper Mills, Paper Houses, Etc. SEVSSS DAYTON, OHIO New York Chicago Berlin London Southern Agents : J. H. SCHROETER <®, BRO., Atlanta, Ga. 4* THE J. L. MORRISON CO., Toronto, Can. Die Presses. Duplex Trimmers. Round Corner Cutters. Signature Presses. Rotary Round Cutters. Smashing Machines. Book Compressors. Knife Grinders. Backing Machines. Bench Lever Stampers. Paper Cutters A Embossers 174 THE INLAND PRINTER Tin Cross 3Uttom,nttc JJa^cr^frrtrrrs SOME DISTINCTIVE FEATURES OF CROSS FEEDERS— TWO DISTINCT TYPES PILE STYLE FEEDER — This feeder carries a load of about five feet of paper. CONTINUOUS STYLE — This machine takes up no floor space; is loaded while press is running, no time lost in reloading, thereby resulting in a continuous run equal to capacity of press ; no adjustments for weight or quality of paper. THE CROSS FEEDER HAS ONLY MECHANICAL DEVICES WHOSE ACTIONS ARE UNVARYING UNDER ALL CONDITIONS AMERICAN PAPER FEEDER COMPANY, Office, 185 Summer Street, BOSTON Improved Keystone Cutter 34- Inch Special No need to tell you about the material and workmanship of these machines. They Cdti't be beat ! The price is tow and what is wanted in any well-equipped plant. CUTS RAPIDLY AND ACCURATELY AND NOISELESS IN OPERATION THE STANDARD MACHINERY COMP’Y - — — - Main Office and Works — - — - MYSTIC, CONNECTICUT BARNHART BROS. & SPINDLER, WESTERN AGENTS, 183-187 MONROE STREET, CHICAGO Foundry, Kansas City; Great Western Type Foundry, Omaha; Minnesota type Foundry Co., St. Paul; St. Louis Printers Supply Co., St. Louis; ' " ■' "" ~ ™ ~ Palmer & Co., Ltd., New Orleans ; Fundicion Mexicana de Tipos, City of iters Supply House, Seattle ; Pacific States Type Foundry, San Francisco. rs Supply Co., Washington;' The Texas Printers Supply Co!, Dallas;’ E. ( e Pacific Coast — The Southwest Printers Supply, Los Angeles; Pacific P OPTIMUS OPTIMUS OPTIMUS OPTIMUS You cannot know the other presses thoroughly until you know the Optimus, and you will know the Optimus infinitely better because you know the others. Not until then will you be able to appreciate its superiority. Much of what we say of the Optimus must be lost upon you until you have this knowledge. It is to our mutual advantage that you possess it. Where it prevails we do the largest business. THE OPTIMUS WILL REVEAL PRESS ADVAN¬ TAGES THAT OTHERWISE YOU CANNOT GET. Only in it is the full measure of printing possibilities. 176 THE INLAND PRINTER There are over 1,000 One-machine Linotype Plants in the United States THE LINOTYPE is not an experimental machine, requir¬ ing lengthy arguments to illustrate its value. The 10,000 machines in 3,000 printing offices doing the composition on over 25,000 publications and 75 per cent of the books now being issued is a perpetual daily advertisement of its indisputable superiority over any other means of type composition. For Linotype testimonials write to any magazine or news¬ paper publisher, or any book or job printer, or to any foreman, operator, employer or “ printer’s devil ” in any office using our machines. = MERGENTHALER . - . - . " LINOTYPE COMPANY New York Chicago San Francisco New Orleans H O C O Us; 2 2 u o & s an u £ K 2 H cu “NEVER TROUBLE TROUBLE TILL TROUBLE TROUBLES YOU” The Most Troublesome Troubles are INK troubles. Get the Oueen City Ink Habit and your Ink Troubles are over. More than forty years experience in helping troubled printers out of their troubles makes us EXPERT TROUBLE MENDERS. When troubled or desirous of avoiding trouble, use QUEEN CITY INK The Queen City Printing Ink Co. 1925 South St., .... Cincinnati 345 Dearborn St., .... Chicago 147 Pearl St., . Boston THE INLAND PRINTER 177 COMBINED FEEDING, FOLDING, COVERING AND WIRE-STITCHING MACHINE. THESE machines appeal particularly to Publishers of Periodicals having large editions and a varying number of pages. <1 Their range is in multiples of four from 16 to 52 pages. Covers of different quality of paper can be used and inserts of either 8 or 16 pages placed in the center of the magazine. Two or three wire stitches are automatically placed in each copy as desired. CHAMBERS BROTHERS COMPANY * Manufacturers of Paper Folding and Feeding Machines r ” _____ PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA _ _ 2-2 CS5 THE history of great inventions and improvements in printing machinery is simply the record of the demand for them. With the rapid growth of publica¬ tions of all kinds and enormous circulations there has always come the improved printing machinery to make it possible to handle the output easily and economically. The C. B. Cottrell & Sons Co. have aided the printer and held his confidence in these matters for nearly fifty years— JFHAT A SPLENDID RECORD.- Dur¬ ing all this time thousands of Cottrell Presses shipped all over the World, have met every demand for increased production and superior press-work — FIFTY YEARS of press building-iTTTT YEARS of wisely watching what printers wanted and needed— FIFTY TEARS of inventive experience and skill have trained and qualified us as the leading Printing Press Manufac¬ turers in the World today. C. B. COTTRELL & SONS CO. NEW YORK N. Y. WESTERLY R. I. U. S. A. CHICAGO ILL. THE INLAND PRINTER 179 Cleveland , Metropole , Caravel , Lisbon Ivory Wove , Lisbon Superfine , Lisbon Bond , Lisbon Extra Strong , Lisbon Ledger are some of our watermarks. Caravel Lisbon Ledger Lisbon Superfine Lisbon Extra Strong Lisbon Bond Offered in case lots. A medium grade of engine sized paper of excellent value. An account book paper of excellent value and moderate price. Superfine in every sense. Have the unusual qualities of high value and low price. Send for samples. WE ARE THE EXPORT AGENTS FOR American Writing Paper Co. Geo. W. Wheelwright Paper Co. The Duncan Company Imperial Paper Mills of Canada, Ltd. AND OTHERS PARSONS BROTHERS, PAPER MERCHANTS AND EXPORTERS 257 Broadway, NEW YORK CITY • - - - CABLE ADDRESS: “ PARSOBROS ,” NEW YORK - 171 Queen Victoria Street, LONDON, E. C. Pitt Street, SYDNEY, N. S. W. 44 St. George's Street, CAPE TOWN. Cable Address, “ Normanique.” Cable Address, “ Unitpaper.” Cable Address, “ Spediteur.” Motors Universally used because they Westinghouse For Driving Presses, Binders, Folders, etc. Do The Work New Yo Westinghouse Electric & Mfg. Co. Pittsburg, Pa. irk, Atlanta, Dallas, Baltimore, Boston, Buffalo, Chicago, Cincinnati, Cleveland, Detroit, Los Angel Pittsburg, St. Louis, Salt Lake City, San Francisco, Syracuse, Seattle, Denver, Mount! Mexico: G. & O. Braniff & Co., City of Mexico. For Canada: Canadian Westinghouse Co., Limited, Hamilton, Ontario. 5, Minneapolis, Philadelphia, n Electric Co. 180 THE INLAND PRINTER Over $150 Dollars a Week Saved by Using a Scott All=Size Rotary _ -| in a Large City | - SCOTT ALL-SIZE ROTARY PRESS WITH ROLL OFFSET DEVICE The Scott All=Size Rotary web press is a machine that is intended to do the work which is mostly done now on flat-bed, two- revolution machines. The Great Advantage of this machine over other rotary printing presses is that it will cut off any length of sheet desired, print same on one or both sides, deliver the sheets FLAT on a delivery board ready to go into the paper cutter or folding machine. This Machine Requires one pressman and two helpers to operate it, whose total salaries would be sixty-seven dollars per week. The Same Amount of Work would require eight two-revolution machines to print it, and would cost for labor alone the sum of one hundred and ninety-two dollars per week. The Floor Space Occupied by this machine would cost, at fifty cents per foot, the sum of ninety-six ($96) dollars per year, and for eight two-revolution machines it would cost at least seven hundred and sixty-eight dollars. The Saving in Cost of one of these all-size webs over the cost of eight two-revolution machines is considerable, and there is less wear and tear on this machine than on flat¬ bed presses. There Are Many Other Reasons why every large printing office having long runs of presswork should install one of these machines. We should be pleased to tell you more about them. Only ask. We manufacture one and two color Lithographic and Aluminum Presses, Drum-Cylinder, Two-Revolution Presses, Flat-Bed Perfecting, Rotary Magazine, Color and One, Two, Three, Four and Five Tiered Newspaper Presses, Stereotype and Electrotype Machinery. Walter Scott 6 Co. PLAINFIELD, N.J., U.S.A. Cable Address, WALTSCOTT, New York New York Office ........ 41 Park Row Chicago Office . 321 Dearborn Street St. Louis Office . . . . .319 North Fourth Street Boston Office ....... 7 Water Street THE INLAND PRINTER 181 ELECTRIC MOTORS FOR PRINTERS, ENGRAVERS AND OTHERS. PROGRESSIVE PRINTERS have largely increased their profits by using our motors to drive their presses and other machines. Our motors are specially designed for this class of work and are superior in design and construction. They are non-sparking, reliable, have a strong torque, high efficiency and remarkable durability. MIEHLE PRESS WITH SPRAGUE EQUIPMENT SPRAGUE ELECTRIC COMPANY General Offices: 527 West 34th Street, New York Branch Offices in Principal Cities Chandler Price Presses Print every language with per¬ fect satisfaction to printers and clients. Found on all continents and the Isles of the Sea. Over 20,000 now in daily use. Balti¬ more called for more than ten carloads after their fire — new equipment includes C. & P. machinery. File your orders promptly with your dealer. The Chandler Lp Price Co. Manufacturers of High-Grade Printing Machinery CLEVELAND, OHIO, U. 5. A. 182 THE INLAND PRINTER I are 1 wKm I prepare^ \ |<\ 'Jjjk M to j urn iff? \ \y °Ll | : ' PROMPTLY K\ SATISFACTORILY ^jJ|V ^many/hine/ in high yraPedrnlm vjpl requirements for mW ’■ WXcATJILOGUES, fcf ■ I 1 BOOK ILLUSTRATIOYSM I COMMERCIAL WORK, Jt I ETC.. in our line of _ 1 (ill. c/st&a 'r/yv'Gf vT* DESIGSriJVG, \ I# ^^_.je:jygjRTi vvjvgj m*\ of plates wfe to print in one or more colors wg on a type printing press. 1 time you tried our 4 color work? | "iriNB 27to4I S. SIXTH STREET THE INLAND PRINTER 183 YAWAIISHE COLORS i6T4~iG4a ‘•Providence St CmClNA/TTI, OHIO SEND FOR OUR NEW SPECIMEN BOOK Bissell College of Photo-Engraving L. H. BISSELL, President, conducted with the Illinois College of Photography. One and Two Years Courses. Finest equipped plant in the world for teaching PHOTO-ENGRAVING in all of its branches ; in charge of thoroughly skilled instructors. Full particulars as to rates for short courses, lodging for students, etc., on application to the President. BISSELL COLLEGE OF PHOTO - ENGRAVING 851 Wabash Ave., Effingham, Ill. 184 THE INLAND PRINTER Dexter Folders and Feeders THE DEXTER RAPID DROP-ROLL DOUBLE-SIXTEEN BOOK FOLDER THE DEXTER AUTOMATIC PRINTING PRESS FEEDING MACHINE SOLE AGENTS Great ‘Britain and Europe T.W. & C. B. Sheridan, London, Eng. Canada , J. L. Morrison Co., Toronto Australia, Alex. Cowan & Sons Melbourne, Sydney, Adelaide South Africa, John Dickinson & Co. Cape Town, Johannesburg and Durbar Mexico, Louis L. Lomer, Mexico City Southern Agents, J. H . Schroeter & Bro. Atlanta, Ga. tV r i t e for Catalogues and Full Information. DEXTER FOLDER CO. Main Office and Factory - PEARL RIVER, NEW YORK CHICAGO NEW YORK BOSTON LOUISIANA PURCHASE EXPOSITION, ST. LOUIS, MO. Palace of Liberal Arts, Block No. io. PRINTED WITH OUR 40-Cent Cut Black 40-ct. Cut Black 40-ct. Cut Black TlHIS ink is undoubtedly the best that can be manufactured for the price at which we offer it to our patrons. It is sold at 40 cents net, and when compared with other inks, Ss|||j although higher in price, makes them all look gray. A trial order will convince you of its superior working qualities. FP r\I/|p Kenton Place . c. VJlVlIL, CU. Philadelphia, Pa PRINTED ON IRWIN N. MEGARGEE & CO.’S “SNOW-WHITE ENAMEL” THE INLAND PRINTER 185 186 THE INLAND PRINTER The Merits of THE CARVER SWIFT STAMPING PRESS Are Unexcelled WRITE FOR FULL INFORMATION AND LEARN WHY C. R. CARVER COMPANY SUCCESSORS TO The Carver Swift Stamping Press Mfg. Co. MILLER & RICHARD Can. Agts., 7 Jordan St., TORONTO, CANADA. N. E„ Cor. 15th St. and Lehigh Ave., PHILADELPHIA, PA. New Acme Automatic Clamping Cutters in 34 inch , 38 inch , h, 46 inch & 50 inch . SELF, HAND and FOOT CLAMP In Combination Inside Gear, Flush Box Frames, Crank Motion, Cut Gears and Steel Shafts The Child Acme Cutter k Press Co. 33-35-37 Kemble Street, BOSTON, MASS. 41 Park Row, - - NEW YORK, N. Y. St. Lc THE INLAND PRINTER 187 RELIABLE Printers’ Rollers FOR Summer Use ORDER THEM NOW FROM Sam’l Bingham’s Son Mlg. Co. 201=207 South Canal Street CHICAGO, ILL. 188 THE INLAND PRINTER FRONT SIDE EXTENSIONS FOR TABLES FOR “BROWN & CARVER” AND “OSWEGO” CUTTING MACHINES. THESE extensions are convenient for handling work before and after cut. They are furnished complete, attached, with supports, on any of our power cutting machines, sizes 34-inch and larger. The bolt holes by which they are attached to the table are the same as used for the front side-gauge bolts, and are jigged, so these extensions can be attached after machine is shipped, if necessary, without a machinist. If your dealer does not carry “Oswego” Small Power and Lever Cutters in stock, write us OSWEGO MACHINE WORKS OSWEGO, NEW YORK Makers of Machines to cut with Bench Cutters Small Power Cutters Hand Clamp Cutters Lever Cutters Automatic Clamp Cutters Combination Cutters _ _ SELLING AGENTS — Van Allens C&, Boughton, . . . 17-23 Rose Street, New York American Type Founders Co., . . 255 St. Clair Street, Cleveland Southern Printers Supply Co., 304 10th St., N.W., Washington, D.C. Toronto Type Foundry Co., Ltd., 70-72 York Street, Toronto, Ont. Thos. E. Kennedy C8, Co . 337 Main Street, Cincinnati American Type Founders Co., 606-614 Sansom Street, Philadelphia American Type Founders Co., 405 Sansome Street, San Francisco J. M. Ives, . 301 Fisher Building, Chicago THE INLAND PRINTER 189 THE, CRAWLEY ROOK MACHINERY CO. (Inc.) NEWPORT, KY. LATEST MODEL CRAWLEY ROUNDER AND BACKER WOULD SECURING ANY OF THE FOLLOWING ADVANTAGES BE OF IMPORTANCE TO YOU IN YOUR ROUNDING AND BACKING DEPARTMENT? 1. Uniformity of product. 4. An average saving of 40 per cent. 2. Economy of space. 5. Ability to do a “flat back” book well, or a book 3. Ability to handle rush orders. for flexible cover, rounded but not backed. We can do all this, handling anything from a pocket prayer-book to a city directory. Most of the edition binders use them and have found them indispensable. Better write us, right away. 190 THE INLAND PRINTER TELEPHONE A I =.4556 FRANKLIN. THE STERLING ENGRAVING COMPANY ALL BRANCHES ILLUSTRATING AND ENGRAVING THE MOST PROGRESSIVE (OUSE IN THE CITY 9 6 — 98' READE ST NEW YORK Chas. Hell mu th MANUFACTURING AGENT FOR KAST & EHINGER Awarded Grand Prix and Two Gold Medals at Paris Exposition Printing and T \ T 17 Q Lithographic A JL 1 O SPECIALTIES FINE HALFTONE BLACKS for job and magazine worK Bi=tone Inks, Three-Color PROCESS INKS BRILLIANT COVER INKS in various shades and combinations Unsurpassed Proving Blacks :s:{ 357-359 S. Clark Street, Chicago You Should Be In Line AND USE CHALLENGE SECTIONAL BLOCKS Little Giant Register Hook They save time, labor, plates, money and annoyance that isn’t counted as money but should be. They greatly reduce the time required for register, each plate being registered independently of the others. They reduce the cost of “ make ready” to a minimum; in fact, you can not imagine what a saving they will effect you until you have once used them. Our booklet entitled “The Expansion System of Printers’ Blocks” tells all about them. Send for it. 8x8 em Challenge Steel Sectional Blocks. SOLD BY DEALERS Manufactured by THe CHALLENGE— SALESROOM AND WAREHOUSE : EVERYWHERE MACHINERY CO., Grand Haven, Michigan 127-129 Market St., CHICAGO THE INLAND PRINTER 191 MODERN PRINTING OFFICE T FURNITURE f Our line of Modern Printing Office Furniture is now well known throughout the world wherever the printing press has made any material progress. This enviable reputa¬ tion has been won solely by the merit of our goods. We have unusual facilities for the manufacture of first-class furniture. It pays to get the best3 especially when it costs no more than the poorest. FORM RACKS THERE has always been a demand for a chase or form rack, but the difficulty has been in designing this much needed article of modern printing office furniture in such a way as to economize space and at the same time maintain the required capacity. Our new form racks illus¬ trated herewith seem to meet all the requirements. They are strong and substantially built, and finished the same as our regular line of cabinets, and take up a surprisingly small amount of floor space considering the number of forms accommodated. The three bottom boards where the forms rest are covered with sheet iron turned at the edges and firmly fastened as shown in the illustration. This prevents wear and tear which would otherwise occur when heavy forms are pushed into the racks. The use of these racks will clear up the office, allow more stone room and minimize the danger of pied forms. — - PRICE-LIST OF FORM RACKS - — — — - — — SUBJECT TO USUAL DISCOUNTS. No. 0 — Height, 6 feet 9 inches; width at base, 22 inches; length, 2 feet 6}4 inches. Shelves for 10 chases in each tier, 30 shelves in all. Weight, 350 lbs. ..... Price, $24.00 No. 1 — Height, 6 feet 9 inches; width at base, 22 inches; length, 3 feet 9 inches. Shelves for 16 chases in each tier, 48 shelves in all. Weight, 475 lbs. ..... Price, 36.00 No. 2 — Height, 6 feet 9 inches; width at base, 22 inches; length, 5 feet 4 inches. Shelves for 24 chases in each tier, 72 shelves in all. Weight, 600 lbs . Price, 52.00 All first-class dealers in printers’ supplies carry our goods in stock. They can be purchased in all large cities of the United States, Canada, Mexico, England, France, Germany, Australia, South Africa and South America. Ask for Hamilton Goods. Look for our stamp and see that you get them. It pays to get the best. THE HAMILTON MFG. CO. Main Office and Factory,. . . TWO RIVERS, WIS. Eastern Office and Warehouse, MIDDLETOWN, N. Y. c_A valuable Line Gauge mailed free to any printer who. will write for it. Separate Catalogs of Wo o d Type and Printers' Furniture 192 THE INLAND PRINTER FRHNKLIN ENGRAVING &EIECTROTXPING COMPANY DESIGNERS HIGH CLASS ENGRAVERS CATALOG & BOOKLLT ILLUSTRATORS 350 DEARBORN STREET CHICAGO REMEMBER THE SIGN finest display of Paper ever made, and, incidentally, show the work of some of the best printers and artists in the country & £ £ £ £ If you are interested in Fine Paper and Good Printing, we will have many things to show you, including Original Drawings, Books, Book¬ lets, Advertising Matter, etc. We are continually getting out new lines and there are probably some of these you have not seen. We should be pleased to have a chance to talk to you and explain them further & & 4 J* f £ £ MITTINEAGUE PAPER COMPANY H. A. MOSES, Prest. & Treas. MITTINEAGUE, MASS., U.S.A. \ GYPSY Copyright, 1903, by The Inla THEINIANDPPINTfBI THE LEADING TRADE JOURNAL OF THE WORLD IN THE PRINTING AND ALLIED INDUSTRIES. Vol. XXXIII. No. 2. CHICAGO, MAY, 1904. PRINTERS’ BOOKKEEPING. Terms-! $2'5° Per year’ in adva 1RMS 1 Foreign, $1.35 per yea ISCUSSING in the North American Review certain phases of the Amer¬ ican postal service, and on the whole praising it highly, Mr. E. F. Loud, of California, gives evidence of his shrewd New England ancestry by the following sentences : “ Those who favor the parcels post say that Eng¬ land, France, Germany and other countries have the system, and that it works well. That is true, but conditions geographically and socially are wholly dif¬ ferent. In these countries, the dense population is concentrated and the distances are not great. These conditions might make the system practicable and prof¬ itable there, while our conditions would make it impracticable and unprofitable here. The officials in the countries named do not know whether the parcels- post system is profitable or not. I have been credibly informed that, so far as England is concerned — and that is the only country that attempted to find the cost — so long as a separate account was kept of the serv¬ ice, it was found to be conducted at a considerable loss, and the only way in which it could be held to be a great success was to quit bookkeeping. A government that has the taxing power can do this, but an individual that has to furnish the resources could not maintain his credit long under this method.” I am not defending Mr. Loud nor his somewhat peculiar attitude toward those who had been enjoying second-class mail privileges which he in his capacity as chairman of the House Committee on Post Offices and Post Roads deemed wise to take from them, or at least attempt to do so. Of more interest to me just now is the thought so naively put forth that the only way it was possible to make a profit was to “ quit bookkeeping.” The germ of this disease may have 2-3 been indigenous to Britain — but I doubt it. At any rate, American printers were long since inoculated, and few of them have ever become immune. I suppose that most printers might be roughly sepa¬ rated into two great classes. In one, place those who make profits on paper but can’t find them in the bank ; in the other, those who have none on paper because they have no papers or books to show, and who are prosperous or depressed as they are able to meet pay¬ roll and pressing bills with ease or with difficulty. The former class are the theorists who estimate that it ought to take so long to do so much work, and who decide that because more time is consumed than was allowed in the schedule there must have been some untoward circumstances in this particular instance, militating against the actual achievement of the result that was expected. Optimistic ever, they hold that the average will be right, and therewith are content, going never to the root of the matter to obtain thus clearer understanding of these “ untoward circumstances.” Herein also those who total cost of all departments and receipts from all departments, and take no thought whether this or that one can be made to yield greater revenue, or whether it were wiser to eliminate some features of the plant and give greater attention to those where it is shown that profit exists and can be had. Of the latter class are those printers who keep no books whatever save a blotter in which to record names of those who order work and depart without paying therefor, or those who have open accounts. These are never troubled by such figments as the trial balance being three cents out, nor by variance between invoices and statements of supply-houses, nor differences in the bank balance as shown by check-book stubs and the books of the bank. These are trifles light as air. Have they not to figure low enough to get the next job that 194 THE INLAND PRINTER the Rosenschmitz Company gives out? Away with bookkeeping ! But there are others who consort with neither of these two great classes, and who figure carefully items of production, of labor, of stock, of supervision, and all the fixed charges that enter into the cost of a piece of printing, and add a percentage to each job as com¬ pleted and entered. These last are in way of being enlightened do they but follow this plan to its logical conclusion and ascertain just how much it costs them in each one of all the various departments through which a job must pass ere it can be delivered and charged. And here comes danger of following all unconsciously the lead of those English statesmen who ceased to keep books because they showed a deficit, and then went calmly on doing the same work for the same inadequate return, piling up the same percentage of deficit and loss, but sleeping sound o’ nights because the loss was not set forth in parallel columns and proper heads! Many a printer looks at the balance sheet of pro¬ duction, and the balance sheet of the standing of his business as well, with a degree of satisfaction that is apparently justified but is really far afield. He does not regard it as essential to analyze more closely the causes that led to the obtaining of the figures he is reading. He sees no reason — rather, it does not occur to him to consider the question — why he should frequently examine in detail the production, the output, the inventory apportionment and the percentage of fixed charge which each department bears, to ascertain if it is indeed the true proportion, or if it is possible to reduce expenses here, increase output there, combine or eliminate, to the better building up of the business as a whole. He sees that gross sales are so much ; total cost of production, so much ; amount retired for depreciation, so much ; and the balance, deducting such bad bills as he has been unfortunate enough to accu¬ mulate, is net profit. Well; so it is, perhaps. But whence comes this profit ? Few printers worthy the name do less than this in regarding the balance sheet of the year. Few do more. If there is an uneasy fear lest there be ways in which the business does not pay so well as it ought, there is ready consolation that nothing really seems to be wrong as the figures are set forth, and it does not appear wherein betterment could be had. Yet it is here that I would have you pause and consider. “ The only way in which it could be held to be a great success was to quit bookkeeping.” I have little doubt there is a certain line of work turned out by almost any printer, pick him at random if you will, that is either at actual loss or at price so low that there is no real profit in it. Possibly it is for a favored customer, whose other orders are sup¬ posed to yield the profit legitimate for themselves and in addition that lost on the “ close ” orders — but it’s very rarely to be found. Possibly it is because the order was taken once at a certain price and the man¬ ager either has not the courage to raise it, or knows that if he attempts to do so the work will be taken elsewhere, and does not want to lose it. Possibly it is a class of work that is in a sense a “ filler.” What¬ ever the cause, it is a drag as of dead weight on all the output of the shop. There is no better rule for printing-house proprietor or estimator than this — “ Make every job show a profit.” Now, so long as it is easy to “ quit bookkeeping,” it is well nigh impos¬ sible to do this. A little loss here, a greater one there, will be so hidden in the mass that it may easily escape detection even by those who search with eager eyes ; and how much more when there is little real desire to find, or certitude as to the exact nature of that for which search is made ! In a great manufacturing plant every department is made to bear its full share — but no more — of the burden of equipment and maintenance, and is expected to yield a profit over and above that. If it does not, one of two things will happen without loss of time or further loss of money : the department manager goes, or the department is closed. No dead wood there! Heroic measures ? Oh, no. Business methods, merely. Simply the working of the plant to its capac¬ ity. If one plan fails, another must be tried, or the department closed and the production of that partic¬ ular article cease. From the standpoint of the econ¬ omist, better this than continued production at loss. And this is what is meant when the printer is urged to give o’er those kinds of printing that do not yield him profit, and concentrate time and energy and men to produce those kinds for which he and his plant are best fitted and which he can best produce at a profit. But he can not know as to which are these delectable kinds unless his books are so kept and the items of his 7 business so separated as to point the certain finger where profit is and why, and where loss exists and for what cause. Not so long ago I was asked to recommend or devise some easy system of keeping a printer’s books. I retorted, Yankee-fashion, by asking what books were then kept, and how. I was shown a single book, thin and consumptive, in which were entered names and amounts of such jobs as were not settled for when taken. Nothing else. No account of cash orders, no list of bills or accounts payable or receivable. Invoices were thrust on a pin — seemingly never removed, or checked. I asked for a time ticket. He kept no time on the work. He worked at the case or press, he had good, faithful men, and so, he said, he did not think it necessary to bother with that sort of thing. A time ticket would be something to tally the men, rather than the customer ! “ But,” said I, “ how do you know how much to charge a customer, let alone estimate on a job?” “ Oh, we get it about right, generally, though some¬ times somebody else bids lower. Don’t see how they can do it, though.” THE INLAND PRINTER 195 “ Honestly, now, do you know what it actually costs you to get out a job • — any job — that one you are working on now, for instance ? ” “Well — no; only at long range. You see, I’m pretty busy and I can’t spare the time to look into those matters too closely.” “ Think you are making any money ? ” “ Oh, sure ; why, I’ve just bought a lot of new type, and it’s not nearly so hard to meet rent and paper bills and the pay-roll as it used to be.” He has in aggravated form the common idea that he is saving money by doing without bookkeeping. good here, even though on the one hand the printer is wronging himself and on the other his customer. It is not impossible to raise prices and still retain customers, though I am free to say that it is not always easy ; but a little tact and a good deal of patience will accomplish wonders along this line. I am not arguing that the customer ought always and as a major premise to be made to pay more for his printing — simply that the printer ought to make a profit commensurate with that of other business men whose efforts are no more than equal to his. I do not argue that prices need nec¬ essarily be greatly increased. I believe that with elim- H1CKORY NUT GAP. When we read of such a one, in some other city, we smile indulgently and idly wonder how long he’ll last. When we find him in our own city the smile is apt to be less indulgent and (such is the perversity of human nature) the wonder somewhat more pro¬ nounced. But reprehensible as he is in his methods of carry¬ ing on his business, and detrimental to others as he must be, he is not so bad as the printer who sees by examination of his books that certain work is done at less than cost, and yet despite this fact keeps doing it at the same insufficient price, soothing his conscience by thinking that he is making it up some other way. Two wrongs never yet made a right, and this holds ination of waste effort and lost time and profitless work it may be possible for the average print-shop to make a larger percentage of profit at the prices now charged, in very many instances ; but if there is any further increase in cost, whether of material or labor, the sell¬ ing price must be advanced in equal ratio ; and upon any work not now yielding legitimate revenue the increase ought to be made to-day. But none of these things can be had at haphazard. Mr. Dando is quite right when he says that here and there a printer will find it seemingly possible to sell composition at a price much below that deemed of prime importance by another printer, simply because the first one figures total cost or total selling price, and 196 THE INLAND PRINTER does not go deeply enough into the matter to ascertain beyond all doubt whether the price he fixes as the cost of composition is actually the cost of that part of the work, or whether it does not bear less of the general expense or more of the general profit than it, should. This, he says, is the explanation of the obvious anomaly of selling goods below cost and still making money — the deficit is made up from the profits of another part of the shop not properly credited. Perhaps in these cases also it was that “ so long as a separate account was kept of the service, it was found to be conducted at a considerable loss, and the only way in which it could be held to be a great success was to quit bookkeeping.” Don’t “quit bookkeeping! ” Written for The Inland Printer. MAKING A JOB FOR HIMSELF. TIM SMART, having passed the era of italic quads, } type lice and other technical tribulations in a little country joint, migrated to the city and, being a pretty husky lad„ was set to hustling around the rock, where he speedily bepame an expert lithologist. Mr. Camp¬ bell, foreman in the pressroom, used to make his round of the machines about four o’clock every afternoon and then call up to the composing-room, to let them know what he would want for the morning and the men would have to work overtime nearly every night to keep him going. They made lots of dough and every¬ body was satisfied, till Jim became enamored with a young lady and, having ditched his dates a couple of times, he got into the habit of rubbering around the pressroom, asking Mr. Campbell what was needed next. He would take the information upstairs (the composing-room being on the fourth floor and the presses in the basement) in the form of a message from Campbell. The foreman in the composing-room, Mr. Shultz, would brook no interference from any one, and Jim often got roasted for his trouble, but was generally told to hustle the needed forms along. In case of doubt about the layout, he would be sent to the bindery to see what folder the job was to be locked for. Sometimes the binder wanted one job and the pressman another; this necessitated an interview with the manager, who would send Jim to the stockroom to see what they had there, and then send out the final order. Any one who thinks a print-shop runs itself knows little of the pull¬ ing, hauling and scheming that is necessary to keep the wheels turning. The foreman in the composing-room wants one job shoved along because he needs the type ; the binder has hands idle and wants something to keep them busy ; the pressman hates to tie up his best press with a bum run, or to put a good job on a poor press, while the stockman wants something that he can handle easily. Then, again, a man has to be a good guesser, to keep things going. All the O. K.’s but one are in for a certain work ; a cut is needed for a second and is promised in an hour ; the stock for a third is expected any minute, and sundry other jobs are in various stages of incompleteness. So that one has to take chances on which to lock first, as it is discouraging to 'get a job on the press and find you can’t get the O. K. for the miss¬ ing page, while the cut and the stock have come in for the others. The pressman usually indulges in profan¬ ity if you make a bad guess and he has to lift a form, and the foreman makes remarks about the imbecility of people generally. This was the kind of a tangle Jim found himself butting into, but in his anxiety not to get mixed on his dates with his inamorata he took all the blame on himself when things went wrong. And after a while it got so if Jim had a job he could not well drop to go rubbering, the foreman would call him down for not knowing what was wanted and the manager would take him to task for not watching things. As Jim had no authority from any one, it took about all of his time to keep out of trouble, but he did hate to work over¬ time when he had a date, and he exercised all his diplo¬ matic skill to avoid it. Besides, carrying proofs, messages and sheets of stock around was easier than hustling heavy forms and the abuse all came out in the wash. So Jim chose the easier part till he got to know how long a job would take to set and the length of time it would tie up the press to make ready and run ; and from having stock criticized by the manager, pressmen and feeder he began to get a pretty good idea of the value of different varieties of paper. His opinion was asked about things till his foreman got jealous and fired him, telling the manager Jim had the bighead and loafed too much, and he could not use him any longer. “ Well,” said the manager, “ if you can’t use him, I can,” and when Jim came for his money Saturday night he was reengaged for a desk in the front office as assistant manager at a salary that made his pockets bulge when he first handled it. DADDY’S DAY-DREAM. She has gone, with twenty trunks, down to the sea, She has gone and left the hired girl and me — Gone and taken Sue and May Seven hundred miles away, Where the salty breeze is blowing fresh and free. She is happy where the bounding billows play, Flinging money I have had to earn away. She is choosing others’ sons For my darling little ones — Ah, the younger of them’s twenty-six to-day! She has gone, with twenty trunks, down to the sea To try to find two sons-in-law for me, And while I labor here I am pestered with a fear From which I vainly struggle to be free. She is far away beside the ocean blue, With the darlings that we live for, May and Sue — Oh when they quit the shore Shall I have to toil for four Instead .of merely working on for two? — Chicago Times-Herald. THE INLAND PRINTER 197 Written for The Inland Printer. THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE. BY F. HORACE TEALL. NO. VII. - GRAMMAR OF NOUNS AND PRONOUNS. A PARAGRAPH published last month needs quali¬ fication. Some personal and geographical names have been familiarly used so long that they have fully acquired the common plural form, and the paragraph referred to did not note this fact. Thus Ptolemies is the form for more than one Ptolemy; the Two is easily ascertained. Thus, Worcester’s and the Webster Unabridged give only one plural for alkali, and it is alkalies. The Imperial says alkalies or alkalis. Murray’s, the largest of all, says “ alkalis, sometimes alkalies,” and the Century, the Standard, and the Webster’s International all say alkalis or alkalies. Present authority supports the shorter form, but many people who know orthography fairly well use the other. Goold Brown gives lessons on improprieties for correction, with examples from the works of various authors. He quotes from Wilson’s “ Hebrew Gram- A FOREST STREAM. Sicilies is the form of that name; we all write of the Alleghanies, and some writers mention Antonies and Henries. Aside from the few, comparatively, thus unquestionably established in the common form, the practice most commendable is that stated in our rule, as Henrys, Marys, etc. Especially, any such name that is almost never pluralized, but might be on occasion (as in saying that we know of two Albanys), should not have the last syllable changed. Various other plural forms are anomalous, not being strictly governed by analogy, which is the same as saying that similar nouns form plurals according to different rules, and in some cases two plural forms are equally good. When any doubt is felt, it is advisable to consult the dictionary that is accepted as authority. That differences occur in the dictionaries mar ” the sentence, “ All the ablest of the Jewish Rabbis acknowledge it,” and says it is “ not proper, because the word Rabbi is here made plural by the addition of j only.” But almost everybody spells this word rabbis, and most dictionaries utterly ignore the form that Brown says is the only correct one. In starting to write on this subject of the formation of plurals, the intention was, in view of the many con¬ flicts in usage, only to generalize in a summary way, and leave most of the details unnoticed ; but it has not seemed possible to do that satisfactorily. It would, however, be impossible to enumerate all of the details in the space at command, and it is not to be attempted. The details not here treated are at command in the dictionaries, and must be left to them. Only nouns have thus far been considered in this 198 THE INLAND PRINTER writing on number. Pronouns are not pluralized by mere changes in spelling, but by the use of other words. Some nouns and one pronoun present some diffi¬ culty with regard to their number, because there are different opinions in regard to them. The pronoun is “ you,” which is held by the best authorities to be plural, although it is used in addressing a single person. Webster’s International Dictionary says of it: “ Though ‘ you ’ is properly a plural, it is in all ordi¬ nary discourse used also in addressing a single person, yet properly always with a plural verb.” Noah Web¬ ster, however, is said to have classed the word as a singular, and even to have used it with a singular verb. Goold Brown calls this a great fault ( and it surely is), and names twenty-seven grammarians besides Webster who have committed it. It would hardly be worth while to say much about this here, except for the fact that some people still think the pronoun is singular ; and even that does not remove the subject from among matters merely of curious interest. Very few, comparatively, could be found now seriously advocating the correctness of saying “ You was.” An interesting note on the origin of the use of the plural in the singular connection is given by Goold Brown, as follows : “ Persons in high stations being usually surrounded by attendants, it became, many centuries ago, a species of court flattery to address individuals of this class in the plural number, as if a great man were something more than one per¬ son. In this way the notion of greatness was agreeably multiplied, and those who laid claim to such honor soon began to think themselves insulted whenever they were addressed with any other than the plural pro¬ noun. Humbler people yielded through fear of offense ; and the practice extended in time to all ranks of society, so that at present the customary mode of familiar as well as complimentary address is altogether plural, both the verb and the pronoun being used in that form.” Some of the doubtful nouns are among those which have a plural form, and yet are at least by some people treated as singular in number. These must be left for fuller consideration in writing about verbs, for it is the verb only that is affected in form. But we may here note the fact that not all such nouns are questionable in this respect. Among those not always treated alike are means, news, pains, politics, athletics, gymnastics, ethics, mathematics, and other names of sciences. Some nouns have the same form in both numbers, as deer and sheep. Others, again, may be used as plurals without change of form, but are best restricted in this use to the collective sense. Such are brick, fish, type. We most commonly speak of a load of brick, and in so doing of course we mean a load com¬ posed of individual bricks. In speaking of them as a number of things it is better to call them bricks. And the same is true of fishes, and of types, and of some other things. In some of these cases conventionality has decreed that no license be taken, as it is considered ignorant to speak of two or more deers, sheeps, or grouses, though it would be just as bad to talk about two or more horse, dog, lamb, or pigeon. Fortunately, most of these distinctions are learned by all of us almost unconsciously, without need of explicit instruction. One thing that many people find very difficult to learn is the fact that some expressions will not submit to rule. For instance, there would be no error in speaking of a load of bricks or of fishes, since in so doing we should merely express the literal plurality instead of the massed collection, though these particu¬ lar cases are only slightly indulged. In some senses it is equally correct to say either type or types. In gen¬ eral, in fact almost always, the best practice for printers is to follow copy. In order to know the exceptions, it is an excellent idea for proofreaders to notice particu¬ larly the differences in practice of equally good writers. Some proofreaders always change the saying “ politics are ” to “ politics is.” It should not be done, because the plural verb is used by many writers who insist on having their own way; but this does not mean that others may not use the singular verb, as probably a majority do. m Written for The Inland Printer. THE INTERPOINT BRAILLE TYPES — A NOTABLE INVENTION. NO. II. - BY R. COUPLAND HARDING. IN printing for the blind, substantially the same methods are in use as when the first embossed book appeared, a hundred and twenty years ago. The types are not cast reversed, like ordinary type, but exactly as they are to appear in print ; they are set Hebrew fashion, right to left, and the forms are imposed in reverse order. As in ordinary embossing, a reverse mold or “ female die ” has to be made, and the work is printed on one side only, on stout, tough paper made very wet before printing. It is needless to say that books for the blind are bulky, cumbrous and heavy, as the characters must be large and the lines must stand well apart. In the case of the Braille, mov¬ able types have in some cases been wholly dispensed with, and instead of printing one side only, an inter¬ line method has been adopted — that is to say, a full blank is allowed between each line of the recto and on these spaces the verso lines are impressed. Of course, nearly as much space is occupied as if alternate pages were blank, but there is the advantage that the lines are well separated while a certain amount of space is economized in each page, amounting to a considerable aggregate in a large book. The cost and bulk of books for the blind may be judged from the fact that a Bible in Moon’s system occupies sixty-two imperial octavo volumes and costs $50 ; in Braille thirty-nine volumes, $25. Part of the economy in space and cost in the lat¬ ter method is attributed to interlining. In 1889, three young ladies — the Misses Hodgkins, of Richmond, near London, with the assistance of their mother — started a magazine in Braille called Santa Lucia, and THE INLAND PRINTER 199 gradually developed quite a large publishing concern, the whole evolving from their learning to write the system for the benefit of a blind friend. They did not use type; the letters were punched by hand on brass sheets, the wet paper laid between two plates, and the pressure applied in a large Albion press. About nine or ten years ago, they were meditating on the intro¬ duction of a type method to save the drudgery of hand¬ work, but no type for the purpose existed in England. Their methods were of their own devising. I have not lately seen the magazine, though I suppose it still exists. I am sorry to say that the death of their mother, and other changes a few years ago, interfered to some extent with the Misses Hodgkins in their labor of love. Had a sheet of Braille print been shown to any printer or mechanist a few years ago and the question propounded, “ Why are the lines not printed opposite each other as in other books, instead of wasting half the space ? ” the reply would probably have been, “ Because such a thing is impossible.” Yet it occurred to a thoughtful workman — M. Balquette, a stereo¬ typer in the Institution Nationale des Jeunes Aveugles, Paris — that though the problem was difficult, it was not insoluble, and that if it were solved, it would inci¬ dentally simplify, cheapen and expedite the methods in use in more ways than one. If the interline has made an appreciable saving in space, might not an interpoint system save it all? Having developed his plan, he communicated it to the manager, M. Martin, who decided that if any one could give effect to the idea it would be the ingenious typefounder, Gustave Peignot. This gentleman had already triumphed over “ impossibilities ” in casting the “ cubarithms ” used by the blind in calculations : cubes like ordinary dice, and about the same size, with points in relief on all six sides — “ but that is another story.” M. Peignot at once grasped M. Balquette’s idea, and was fascinated with it. He lost no time in giving it effect. Very nice mathematical calculations were required, but these were only matters of detail. He had the pleasure of seeing the finished types and of testing their efficiency, but, I regret to say, passed away before the invention had been turned to practical account, and M. Martin, the director of the institution, has since followed him. When, about June, 1900, I received l’ Intermediaire des Imprimeurs, giving an account of the invention, I was greatly interested. I laid the paper aside to study carefully at leisure — and lost sight of it for many months. Returning to it again, I wrote to MM. G. Peignot et Fils for a few sample type, as, though I found one article and diagrams intelligible enough, I could not find many who could realize the method or understand it without practical demonstration, and the firm obligingly complied with my request. These are the “ interpoint ” Braille types for recto and verso pages respectively (for a double font is required, the type for pages 1 and 4 being of no use for pages 2 and 3) shown separately and interlocked as in printing. Each type, as may be seen from the illustrations, does double duty — it impresses its own special character, and acts as female die for the opposite type. The space, of course, is an exception — it is a counter-die only. Though the types, as to body, oppose each other with mathematic exactitude, the character is thrown off the center in both directions. Therefore, the recto and verso types differ (as may be seen), the countersunk is and projections places. As each the full comple- ix hollows, it will n accurate female ny number of >m one to six — will not sink in unless there is a projection to force it in. The whole face of the type is 26 points (Didot) by 18, and an examination of the illus¬ tration will show with what accuracy the relations have been calculated. The types being perfected, the machine remained to be considered, and M. Marinoni, by some inconsider¬ able alterations in his treadle, “ l’Utile,” met the case. The inking arrangements were removed and the ma¬ chine adapted to accommodate two forms of mathe¬ matic apposition, one on the platen, the other in the usual place. The result gives a more beautiful and regular embossage than any previous method ; justi¬ fication is no longer needed, the work being “ self¬ spacing ” ; the preparation of female dies is abolished ; one-half of the paper, presswork and binding is saved, and the books are reduced to half the bulk and weight. The Braille process may be fairly said to hold the field at present; the new invention must give it a still greater impetus ; for curiously enough it can not be adapted to any other existing method. It is clear, too, that it is adapted to a six-group scheme and no more, so that where, as in the Japanese syllabary, the char¬ acters are too numerous, it can not be employed. On the other hand, as it can not be built up from smaller units, and the types are not reversible, every separate character requires its own type in two forms, recto and verso (it will be noted that these are distinguished by one and two nicks respectively) whereas Braille could be composed typographically with a minim of five characters and one space, each character being revers¬ ible. I think, however, that a unitary modification is possi¬ ble, by which, instead of all the types being of uniform set they might be cast in the proportions of 1 , 2 and 3. The main point to be observed in printing is to see that the pages are locked up in position with perfect accu¬ racy. The slightest defect in this respect, or an error in make-up opposing recto to recto or verso to verso, would destroy the type. 200 THE INLAND PRINTER The alphabet of two elements commonly known as the Morse alphabet, is dated, I believe, from 1837, though the germinal idea, with a remarkable forecast of the wide usefulness and adaptability of such a scheme, may be found in Lord Bacon’s works and later still in the writings of the ingenious Bishop Wilkins. It occurred to me long since that, had that alphabet been known and used as it is now in telegraphy, helio¬ graphics and lighthouse signs, and nearly every kind Fig. 4. of signaling, it might even have been preferred by Braille to his own plan ; not, of course, in the hori¬ zontal fashion in which it is impressed on the tape, which is unsuited for either writing or typography, but arranged vertically, as in Fig. 5 in the second line of the illustration. It would be quite possible, too, to print such a system on M. Balquette’s plan, with the necessary modifications, and the legibility would prob¬ ably be as great as that of any system yet devised. The sole objection to the Braille is the general one, apply¬ ing equally to many systems which have been found inferior to it in other respects — that an unnecessary multiplicity of alphabets is to be deprecated. The two- element alphabet is in world-wide use, and to thousands in| l j 11 1 1 1 1 in >1 »|l» "l« •! 1'" * I Fig. 5. of persons who read by sight is as legible as the roman, which has had full trial for tactile reading and has been found wanting. But, after all, it need be only the work of a few hours to acquire a new alphabet; and it is not difficult, with the proper appliances, to write in Braille, embossing the characters by hand. The sys¬ tem is widely known in many lands and is in growing favor; and when a scientific and satisfactory scheme is displacing older and imperfect methods, the sooner it becomes universal, the better. And I think it can scarcely be doubted that the beautiful inventions of M. Balquette, so admirably carried into effect by the late M. Gustave Peignot, will tend materially to that end. _ UNION LABEL ON POLICEMEN. The United Garment Workers of Baltimore are seeking to compel the police of Baltimore city to wear a union label. They insist that the board of Police Commissioners must not award the contract for police uniforms to any firm not using the union label. The president of the board takes the legal and sensible view that the question is one in which the board can not interfere between the contractors and organized labor. In view of this impertinent demand by an element connected with a body which is attempting through Congressional action in the anti-injunction measure to legalize rioting and other crime, as an admonition it might be well for the police board to go a step further and impress upon this particular body of organ¬ ized labor that the only label for the police force of Baltimore to wear is the label of law and order. — - Manufacturers’ Record. Written for The Inland Printer. DISPLAY COMPOSITION.* BY FREDERICK FLAGLER HELMER. II. — THE SINGLE SERIES, OR HARMONIOUS FACES. O NOT make a job of printing as full of all sorts of faces as an old-fashioned photograph album. Ill-assorted characters may swear at each other and spoil the good effect. “ One job, one face ” is thor¬ oughly proper if the job is small. But a few faces, in any event, are all that should be allowed. In display you are working upon a very complex problem when you simply consider arrangement for the interpreta¬ tion of ideas, let alone the attainment of artistic effect, so do not increase your task by multiplying the diffi¬ culties and assuming to handle several styles of type together while you are endeavoring to make the job have a style of its own. It is generally admitted that every job must have unity and a style of its own. If the job is a booklet, it must be laid out upon a consistent scheme of arrangement. There must be a uniform body type. There may be distinct type-faces for headings and subheadings and titles to illustrations, but the same should be used throughout The pur¬ pose is that the reader shall not be confused and that the brochure shall proclaim by the style of its pages, as well as by the fact that they are bound together, that the booklet treats of an individual subject or of closely related matters. If it is a space advertisement, the owner certainly wants to keep distinct boundaries. A full-page maga¬ zine advertisement must not be mistaken for two half pages, or a group of lesser spaces. And a one-inch Love Not TOO MANY FACES Even Solomon Failed when he Set His Head upon a PLURALITY OF FAVORITES Fig. 1 notice in a newspaper page must not be allowed to get lost in a flood of patent medicines or overwhelmed in any crush of bargain-sale advertisements. While there are several features of display which have a good deal to do with making the job hold together and appear individual or distinct from its sur¬ roundings, there is nothing that bears so directly upon the problem of unity as the restriction of using but one type-face or merely a few harmonious styles of letter. One face is not a very close restriction when we consider that commonly a font provides both caps and lower-case, and that without really stretching any *Copyright, 1904, The Inland Printer Company. Copyright, 1904, The Inland Printer Co. IDYLLS OF THE COUNTRY - No. V A QUEER FISH THE INLAND PRINTER 201 point we may bring in italics, both lower-case and caps. Thus we have four changes, not considering the varia¬ tion of size to be found in a complete series. Size can hardly be said to vary the style, though capital and lower-case letters are distinct enough to WORKS ON THE NATURAL SCIENCES. PARTICULAR ATTENTION IS INVITED TO tfljncins, iCniupt rt timn it K Cu.'s SCHOOL PUBLICATIONS UPON THE NATURAL SCIENCES. AMONG THEM ARE JOHNSTON’S CHEMISTRIES, JOHNSTON’S PHILOSOPHY JARVIS’ PHYSIOLOGIES, AND MANY OTHER VALUABLE WORKS. j oli^sToors^sTiTE s . JOHNSTON’S TURNER’S CHEMISTRY. A MANUAL OF CHEMISTRY, ON THE BASIS OF DR. TURNER’S ELEMENTS OF CHEMISTRY, CONTAINING, ID 1 CONDENSED FORM, ALL THE MOST IMPORTANT FACTS I ND PRINCIPLES OF THE SCIENCE. DESIGNED AS A TEXT-BOOK IN COLLEGES AND OTHER SEMINARIES OF LEARNING. A NEW EDITION. BY JOHN JOHNSTON, A. M., Professor of Natural Science in Wesleyan University. JOHNSTON’S TURNER’S ELEMENTARY CHEMISTRY FOR TIIE USE OP COMMON SCHOOLS. 1 vol. ISmo (76) Fig. 2. Set about 1850. bring us into controversies as to their proper combina¬ tion in display. (The controverted points will be taken up later.) We may even, say that for the pur¬ pose of display we can make seven noticeable changes with a common roman face (including its italics) as in Fig 6. This example is not by any means a model of dis¬ play, for the changes are too many for so short a piece of composition. It is given only to show how much variation can really be gotten out of what may be con¬ sidered a single font. “ Overdisplay,” as here shown, is a serious fault, but we can not deny that there is more unity in the above example than in any seven lines of Fig. 2 — a piece of composition executed in the “ reign of terror.” What the purpose of such work as this of Fig. 2 might be is hard to say. It would seem, though, the compositor had no desire to unfold the sense of his copy, but wished only to display his pos¬ session of a great variety of type faces with the pride of a collector. Display, when it becomes a gratification of the printer’s vanity and stands for nothing but a show of his types or (as more commonly to-day) a demonstration of his technical ability or even his taste for artistic effect, loses its intrinsic value and gives reason for the too prevalent belief that it is undignified and whimsical. Display’s real forte is presentation, not ostentation. Naturally the first idea that any single piece of composition should convey is that the various lines or portions of it are knit together more or less closely and relate to one matter. Later lessons will lay stress upon the separation or punctuation of copy by means of dis¬ play — the breaking up for the sake of distinctions and emphasis — but these considerations must always be taken as secondary, or within the principle of unity. It is a delicate matter to adjust words in type so as to indicate their proper relation — to separate and magnify them in order to develop their meaning and yet not divide them in such a way as to destroy their cohesion. A job set in a single series of type will of necessity be consistent in style throughout. “ One job, one face ” is practically an automatic rule : after it is determined what face to use there is no need to worry whether one line is going to look well beside the next one. Of course, this does not settle all concern in regard to the final effect of the display, but it relieves a man at least upon one point, and that is the harmony of his types. Being relieved on one point gives better opportunity to carry out the other points successfully. Greater sim¬ plicity is attained both in effect and in fact. There is a better foundation on which to build up the structure of display, and when a man is fitting together his twelve-point lines and eighteen-point lines and six- point lines, choosing out and subordinating his words or phrases of emphasis, thinking incidentally of balance and pattern, the illumination of white space and the placing of ornamentation, his calculations do not have to be readjusted at every step on account of changes in the style of letter. However, it would be extreme to hold to the prin¬ ciple “ one job, one face ” under all circumstances. There are cases where the contrasts shown in Fig 1, although they give noticeable distinctions, are still not strong enough. And again, there is sometimes danger that variation of size may be overworked. It will not do to let type display become monotonous. It must be attractive, sprightly, full of many devices in order not to jade the interest of the reader. Unity does not depend upon the restriction of type to one face. Certain faces, often very unlike, are known to look well together, and these may act as foils one of another, like friendly beauties, showing off each other’s characteristics to real advantage with no slight¬ ing of their own attractions. And, further, there are 202 THE INLAND PRINTER other faces which have such a likeness, despite indi¬ vidual peculiarities, that the family relationship brings them naturally into company. Of these latter we may instance as an example, Jenson Heavy Face and Jen¬ son ; or, again, Title and Modern Roman ; or, as fre¬ quently used, though not so agreeable in comparison, DeVinne with Old Style Roman. On the other hand, perhaps the most pleasing example of contrasting harmony, and at the same time a very popular combination, is that represented by Priory Text and Caslon, as in Fig. 3. There is a richness of effect where the Priory and Caslon are mingled. The black-letter emphasizes the Cfjorougf) “acquaintance with a few faces is better than A Slight Acquaintance with MANY Fig. 3 simplicity of the roman and the roman enhances the dignity and beauty of the black-letter. A little of the latter is all that is needed ; beware of much of it ! Priory, or some such black-letter, when used with Old Style Antique, produces more of a medieval effect. The combination is a trifle heavy — agreeable but sedate (Fig. 4). Strong contrast, the antithesis almost of black and white, occurs when Post or Blanchard is set with an Old Style Roman, yet the rugged individu¬ ality of the letters in each of these styles makes a bond between them (Fig. 5). Old Style Antique with Old Style Roman gives a less violent contrast, as well as a very pleasing one, and together they make an attractive page, the former used for headings, the latter for body matter. Tudor may be placed acceptably with Jenson. Bradley has even served effectively in panel arrange¬ ment with Old Style Antique (Fig. 6). There are many other excellent combinations, especially among new faces, which the foundry specimen sheets frequently suggest. It is difficult to go far in the matter of advice as to what com¬ binations will prove har¬ monious and agreeable. There is a knack of putting types together that enables some men to do what others can not, and occasionally we have surprising combi¬ nations that join to¬ gether successfully seemingly antagonistic faces of type. Yet there are certain points in gen¬ eral to be observed. Condensed letters and extended letters can sel¬ dom be allowed to move in the society of the recog¬ nized leaders ; they must associate only with their own kind. A fancy letter, with quirks and queernesses, on general principles should be tabooed ; it has nothing in common with the faces we need to use as body let¬ ters, and would not be a satisfactory body letter itself. In a small job, however, such a face, even though fancy and queer, when used all by itself may possibly produce good effect ; but trouble is likely to arise when you try to put it with anything else. The insistence of type-faces upon proper association is stronger than the observance of the “ color line ” in the South. And, again, even when you find two faces that can be made to associate agreeably, remember the intro¬ duction of still another means that the third must harmonize with each of the two, and a fourth-comer has to have such remarkable fitness that it will go well with each of the other three. Judgment as to harmony is a matter of taste ; it can not be determined fully by catalogue and rule. If a man is not certain of his own taste, let him choose some one of whose taste he feels positive the public approves and then employ such combinations as this master uses. This is not necessarily servile imitation, but a means of study, and in time good taste will be acquired. This idea of employing few faces may be wisely carried farther and applied as a principle even to the entire work of an office as well as to a particular job. Type-faces are tools, and it is the practical workman with a few tools who outdoes the efforts of the faddish amateur equipped with every possible device to be pur¬ chased. There are woodcarvers in Switzerland who do beautiful and marvelous things with only one instru¬ ment — a single knife. But such a man knows his knife. He can handle it with absolute freedom and certainty, as he might not a whole set of chisels and gouges. It takes much practice to gain facility with a tool, and the question is, of how many instruments can a man be the master. Analogously, there is a limit to the number of type¬ faces a compositor can be familiar with and handle successfully. It is better to be master of work in Caslon and Old Style Antique and a few accessory faces than to attempt work in all the latest productions of the type foundries. It is better to be able to produce variety of effect with one face than to keep repeating an unoriginal style of work in different faces. It is worthy of notice that there are presses under¬ taking the highest class of book printing and special artistic typography that have chosen a distinct face of type of their own, using it quite to the exclusion of others, for instance, the Village Press, using Mr. Goudy’s newly designed letters, and the Cheltenham Press responsible for the popular Cheltenham type. And were there not but two faces used in the Kelm- scott Press - — the “ Troy ” and the “ Golden ” ? Of course, every printer understands that restric¬ tion as to face means full provision as to size and THE INLAND PRINTER 203 quantity, so that one series can meet all requirements. It is a shame to resort to old, discarded fonts for merely “ something of the right size.” For such an act the printer may apologize to himself, or even to “ the man who pays,” but the job will not carry the apology with it so as to beg excuse for its fault in the eyes of readers. A word would best be said here about the choice of appropriate faces or styles that seem related to the character of the job. Offhand, one would say use heavy type for hardware advertisements and dainty type for silverware advertisements ; a real estate cir¬ cular might be pretty black (apropos of the earth), while a circular on cut glass ought to be set in a type that is light and clear-cut. But these analogies are superficial. The type should rather be chosen to suit the reader than the object. Naturally, this puts upon the printer some of the responsibility of an advertising man, but the printer must be something of everything these days. It is true that heavy letters often have a certain dignity and incontrovertible aspect, that light-faced letters suggest pleasure, or the moment’s interest, and appeal to those who dread being bored. But, after all, it depends upon the compositor to bring even these features out. People can be thoroughly bored with dis- THE SATURDAY EVENING POST FOUNDED A! D ij2 8 PUBLISHED EVERY SATURDAY BY THE CURTIS PUBLISHING COMPANY 421 TO 427 ARCH STREET PHILADELPHIA GEORGE HORACE LORIMER. EDITOR 653,350 Copies play in light faces, and it is even possible to drag down the dignity of black-letter and to make sober-faced gothic do foolish stunts. The strongest associations we get as to the rela¬ tion of type-faces to business seem to be in their repre¬ senting the work of certain printers or standing for certain national advertisers’ type styles. If you under¬ take, by examination of many specimens, to discover what type is commonly used for any particular line of business, you will discover that printers disagree, and by good composition a host of different faces are made equally appropriate. It is not necessary to have on hand a great many styles of type in order to have faces appropriate for all customers. Leg¬ ible type appeals to every one. When you set an adver¬ tiser’s work aimed for a certain class of readers and want the composi¬ tion itself to convey a certain impression of honest declara¬ tion, or elegant dig¬ nity, or graceful brevity, or astound¬ ing importance, as the copy suggests, you will endeavor to compass the matter by all the devices of display, not just by the choice of faces. The faces play their part, but that part is rather to present things leg¬ ibly and maintain unity (through their harmony) than to suggest any particular line of business by the character of their design. ' (Tg be cgntinM Cbe « northern « Pacific * Railway Reaches all the principal points in the Northwest ClKir « north « Coast Cimited « is a model of luxury and comfort from one end to another — use it and your trip across the continent will be a continual pleasure. W F. MERSHON. G A P D. 319 Broadway. New York City. CHAS. S FEE, G P & T. A. St. Paul, Minn. Fig. 6. THE NEWSPAPER MAN. He seldom is handsome or natty, And has none of the charms of the dude; Is oft more abstracted than chatty, And sometimes unbearably rude. He courts us, then slights us and grieves us. As much as he possibly can: He kisses us, loves us and leaves us, This perfidious newspaper man. Our mothers won’t have him come calling, He’s no earthly good as a “catch”; His morals (they say) are appalling, His finances usually match. He’s rollicking, reckless, uncaring, Lives but for the hour, the day; He’s dangerous, dubious, daring. Not fit for a husband, they say. But somehow we girls are forgiving, Perhaps he but needs us the more Because he goes wrong in the living And knows the old world to the core. So we pass up the dude and the schemer, Who lead in society’s van, And cherish the thinker and dreamer Enshrined in the newspaper man. — Marie M. Hemstreet in the Blue Magazine. 204 THE INLAND PRINTER Written for The Inland Printer. DIE-CUT PRINTED NOVELTIES. NO. I. - BY GEORGE SHERMAN. THE increased rivalry among advertisers in their efforts to exceed each other in solving the prob¬ lem of how best to attract public attention, has opened a broad field for profit to the printer with original ideas. Just now the die-cut printed novelty seems to be a popular means of catching the public eye. Attract¬ ive devices of this kind are used by almost every adver¬ tiser who depends upon the mails as the medium for conveying publicity. A few illustrations of clever die patterns, with suggestions on the making of die forms, are, therefore, opportune. When scoring and die¬ cutting are applied to the making of original conceits in envelopes, folders, booklet covers and other printed novelties, the opportunities for diversity are almost unlimited. Pig. i illustrates an ingenious die-cut souvenir of the Illinois Press Association Convention, held at Cairo, Illinois, some time ago. The novelty was made up in the shape of a pyramid with a silk cord attach¬ ment, to be suspended from the buttonhole of the coat lapel. The printed announcement appeared on all three sides and on the base of the pyramid, and the whole was at once appropriately suggestive of Cairo (Egypt), Illinois. Four impressions were required to make the Fig. i. Courtesy J. E. Chapter, Inland Type Foundry. job ready for folding. The runs consisted of the type form, two forms of scoring rules and the die form. No glue was used in the folding, and, in fact, by dis¬ playing a little ingenuity in the making of patterns, almost any kind of carton, envelope or folder can be cut from a single sheet and folded into permanent shape, possessing durability equal to the pasted article. In the accompanying illustrations, light lines repre¬ sent the scoring rules and the heavy lines show the arrangement of the steel rules for the die form. Fig. 2 is a good example of the possibilities in scor¬ ing and die-cutting when applied to the manufacture of simple articles for every-day use, that are valuable in many ways, aside from their merit as advertising novelties. It is within the scope of any printer with the ordinary facilities of the smallest job-office to produce articles of this nature, and it is undoubtedly a field for ample profit, if handled properly. This is a card case and a card holder combined. It supplies a method of keeping cards clean and in neat arrangement for ready reference. It will be best to use a tough bristol board for the leaves of the card holder. In jobs of this kind, scoring rules and die-cutting rules can be run at one impres¬ sion. The arrangement of the die-cutting rules in this pattern permit the insertion of business and name cards of almost every size. A line for an address, printed on the bottom margin of each leaf, will en¬ hance the value of the holder, in that it saves cards without addresses printed thereon from being muti¬ lated with writing. A dozen or fifteen pages of this kind, stapled together at the stub, and encased in a neat cover, will make an inexpensive and useful adver¬ tising device. A small pocket for your own cards can also be easily arranged in the inside of the back cover. This same idea can be embodied in the make-up of printers’ sample-card cases, etc., making a neat and handy article for the solicitor. In making up ordinary scoring and die forms that admit of simple justifica¬ tion, such as perpendicular, horizontal and parallel rule forms, they can be quickly built with the furni¬ ture and spacing at hand. In making up the more difficult combinations of rule, however, it is always advisable to transfer your pattern to a space-high board and saw out your necessary justifying furniture. Even this kind of justification is possible in many pat¬ terns of envelopes, folders, etc., where it is desired to cut out circular and eccentric openings, make diagonal incisions for the admission of novel closing clasps, and where scoring and die-cutting rules of various shapes and lengths must be placed at many angles all over the form. An ingenious and labor-saving method for making up such forms may be described as follows: In the first place, make a careful drawing of your pattern, cutting all incisions, odd shapes, etc., and then carefully THE INLAND PRINTER 205 fold the entire pattern into the desired form you intend to produce. See to it that all folds, infolds, laps, inserts and incisions fit perfectly. Experimenting along this line will often evolve very catchy novelties. Having correctly completed your pattern, you will be in posi¬ tion to get the proper lengths for the various rules necessary to complete the form. After cutting the rules and bending them into the various shapes, secure a per¬ fectly level ink slab and lay your chase upon it. Put in all the necessary furniture and quoins needed in the lock-up, leaving a perfectly square opening in the center of the form about the size of the sheet required for the with enough water so that the whole mixture will be of a consistency that will easily permit of its being poured into all the open space surrounding the rules. Pour in enough to fill all the open space to about space-high. Pour right over the wax coating, as the latter will not interfere a particle. Before the mixture is entirely set you will be able to apply enough pressure to the quoins to make raising of the form possible. Stand your chase on end and scrape off the wax that may still remain under the rules, and then, as quickly as possible, plane down the form very carefully. Try all the rules with your fingers, and if any of them appear a little loose job. Next melt some beeswax and pour it in this opening to the depth of, say, about one-eighth of an inch. After this coating of wax has cooled, transfer your pattern to its surface by carefully tracing the out¬ lines with a darning-needle or any sharp-pointed instru¬ ment. You will now be able to readily push the various pieces of rule into the wax in their correct positions in the form. Be very careful that the rules all stand up perpendicularly and that they are not off their feet. With a little care it will be possible to press a proof into a thin sheet of French folio with the proof planer as the form now stands. To insure accuracy and to avoid the accompanying difficulties encountered, should you make a mistake, it will be best to cut out and fold up this proof, that you may be sure you are right. This done, you are now ready to make your form perma¬ nent. Mix the necessary quantity of plaster paris with binders’ paste (starch or flour paste) reduced on account of the planing, it will be well to daub a little more of the composition around the top of the rules. All of this can be accomplished in very little time and the process will be found to be a decidedly more profit¬ able method than attempting to make difficult justifi¬ cations with quads and metal furniture. Next cut small mortises into the solidified composition at all the open places between the rules and insert therein small pieces of cork stoppers, so that they will project about four points higher than the rules. It is not necessary that the height of the pieces of cork be regulated to an extreme exactness. The purpose of the corks will be to release the cut-out portion of the sheet, in die-cut¬ ting, from the waste scraps, which will fall under the press. That your die form will cut perfectly clean, it is necessary that a smooth sheet of brass be placed back of the tympan — the back of an old, discarded job 206 THE INLAND PRINTER galley will fill the purpose admirably. After making your trial impression, should there appear places that are not perfectly cut, a little filling of these places in the rules will remedy the defects. Written for The Inland Printer. HOW TO BUY SPACE. MR. STIRLING, you’d better go up and see Dave Mason this morning. He telephoned a little while ago that he wanted to make a contract for three months, and I said I’d have you see him.” Thus said “ the old man ” to me, his advertising man. We were running a daily in a river town where times were hard. Dave Mason was pretty nearly the whole thing in that section of the State. He owned an immense jobbing and retail store in the county seat, five miles from our town and only half its size ; he was president of a bank in his town and vice-president of a bank in our town ; he owned the electric-light plant, gas-works, water-works and most of the stock of the trolley line that connected the two towns. Dave was quite a personage, in fact, and I hoped to land him for a nice fat contract; we certainly did need the money. When I was shown into Mr. Mason’s private office, he lost no time in getting down to the matter in hand. He knew what he wanted, and how to get it. “ Mr. Stirling, what’s your best figure — check with the order — for two columns three times a week for three months, each ad. to run twice — space three columns wide and two-thirds deep? Check with the order, mind ? ” It didn’t take me long to figure that : 13 weeks — 3 times a week — 2 columns at a time — 78 columns — dollar’n a half a column — $117. But I knew he expected a big cut, so I mentally made it a dollar a column. Then I knocked off the $3, for cash with order. “ Mr. Mason, I’ll make the contract the way you specify for seventy-five dollars.” (I hoped to get part of that to apply on my back salary.) Dave just laughed — a pleasant little laugh that somehow didn’t seem to cheer me up very much. Then he said : “ Give you fifty dollars.” I got up and reached for my hat. “ Not me, Mr. Mason. Seventy-five dollars is the lowest limit.” “ Hold on, now, Stirling ; you’d better take it.” “ I’m d - d if I will, Mr. Mason.” “ Old John will.” (Old John was my boss.) “ Old John may if he wants to ; I won’t.” “ Well, you go and see what he says about it, any¬ way ; I’ll stick to my offer.” Back at the office, “ Old John ” turned in his chair as I tramped angrily in. “ Did y’ git it? ” “ Get nothing ! What d’you think that old hog had the nerve to offer me ? Fifty dollars for two columns three times a week for three months ! ” And I detailed the circumstances. “ Old John ” looked thoughtful for a couple of min¬ utes. Then he said, as he squinted one eye at me through the haze of stogie smoke, “ Guess you better take him up.” “ Give him all that at that price ? ” “ Yep.” I had soldiered a little in my time — enough to have learned to obey an order from duly constituted authority. So it was me back to Dave’s. “ You’re mad, ain’t you, Stirling?” he said. “ You know I’m mad.” “ Well, never mind ; that’s all right. Smoke this while you fix up that contract. I knew you’d be back after it.” There was nothing else to be done, so I “ fixed it up ” as instructed, and Dave handed me his check for fifty dollars. (It would have been good for fifty thou¬ sand.) Then he said again: “ I knew you’d be back after it.” “ How did you know ? Why were you so sure ? ” I asked. “ I’ll tell you why,” said Dave ; “ Old John’s got a note for fifty dollars coming due at my bank day after to-morrow.” I have always admired Dave for his charitable for¬ bearance on that occasion. A mean man would have made us run that ad. six times a week for six months, with daily changes, all for that same fifty. Written for The Inland Printer. THE PRINTER’S OMNISCIENCE. BY STRICKLAND W. GILLILAN. Said the Merchant’s Senior Partner : “ What we need is printed matter, Though the kind we ought to issue is a thing that puzzles me; Whether postal-cards or hand-bills for the hare-brained boys to scatter — I’ll be jiggered if I’m certain what the printed stuff should be.” Then the Merchant spake in pity (though respectfully and kindly) Saying: “Why disturb the brain beneath your lofty silken lid? There is one who can prevent our going at the matter blindly — We will leave it to the Printer.” And they did. Said the Merchant’s Senior Partner: “Since he’s told us what to issue, Let’s decide as to the stock that we should have it printed on; There are countless grades of paper, clear from pasteboard down to tissue, And my notions (if I’ve ever had a notion) all are gone.” Once again the Merchant chid him, in apologetic manner, For attempting such a problem with solution deeply hid; And he said: “ We’ll simply leave it to that sapient master planner — We will leave it to the Printer.” And they did. Step by step they faltered onward — did this Merchant and his Partner, Leaving all things to the judgment of this wily man who knew; And the Printer treated each of them just like a kindergartner Till he’d pulled their big experiment in advertising through. Then he sent his bill for printing — all his other work was gratis — And they paid it, duly kicking to the bill-collecting kid. Then they said : “ Suppose we’ve missed it and our customers berate us — We will lay it to the printing! ” And they did. Said the Merchant’s Senior Partner: « Much to my surprise I’m finding That the money we expended on that printer-chap of yours Was a crackajack investment and has kept our mill a-grinding. For the customers are flocking thick and thicker to our doors.” _ Said the Merchant: “ So I told you. It was I who recommended, And the thing has thus succeeded ’cause you followed as I bid. We have made a scad of money and the harvest’s not yet ended — Let us leave it to the Printer! ” Think they did? THE INLAND PRINTER [Entered at the Chicago Postoffice as second-class matter.l A. H. McQuilkin, Editor. Editorial Contributors — Arthur K. Taylor, F. W. Thomas, Edwin B. Dewey, W. B. Prescott, P. S. Goodman, R. C. Mallette. Published monthly by THE INLAND PRINTER COMPANY 120-130 Sherman Street, Chicago, U. S. A. P. R. Hilton, President. Harry H. Flinn, Secretary. A. W. Rathbun, Vice-President and Treasurer. Address all Communications to The Inland Printer Company. EDITORIAL NOTES. RINTERS must be the recruits to fill the ranks of machine operators, until such time may come that outsiders can obtain adequate training in hand composition and drilling in the canons of the art of printing. ANTAGONISM is the normal attitude between the c composing-room and the pressroom, and in large establishments where there are more subdivisions the latent antagonism is qualified only by the personality of the workers and the degree of dependence of one department on another. To establish toleration and a spirit of concession, while deprecating the imputa¬ tion of unworthy motives, is a task that confronts every superintendent or employer, and these will be successful in proportion only to their own breadth of character. New York Office: Morton building, no to 116 Nassau street. H. G. Tichenor, Eastern Agent. Vol. XXXIII. MAY, 1904. The Inland Printer is issued promptly on the first t aims to furnish the latest and most authoritative inf( latters relating to the printing trades and allied industi ons are solicited and prompt remittance made for all aci SUBSCRIPTION RATES. Subscriptions may be sent by express, draft, money order or registered letter. WE CAN Not USE CHECKS ON LOCAL BANKS UNLESS EXCHANGE IS ADDED. Send draft on New York or Chicago. Make all remittances free of exchange, and payable to The Inland Printer Company. Currency forwarded in unregistered letters will be at sender’s risk. Postage stamps are not desirable, but if nec¬ essary to remit them, one-cent stamps are preferred. thin the postal union, postage „ . :nts, or sixteen shillings per - Make foreign money orders payable to The :r Company. No foreign postage stamps accepted, and no artenuon will be paid to postal-card requests lor free samples. ADVERTISING RATES Furnished on application. The value of The Inland Printer as an advertising medium is unquestioned. The character of the advertisements now in its columns, and the number of them, tell the whole story. Circu¬ lation considered, it is the cheapest trade journal in the United States to advertise in. Advertisements, to insure insertion in the issue of any month, should reach this office not later than the eighteenth of the month Inland Prii THE hand compositor is not passing — he has passed,” is the somewhat sweeping assertion recently ascribed to a well-known printer. There is color for this pessimistic view, for it can not be denied that the emulation that not very long ago animated the printing-office force has been qualified by a “ what’s- the-use ” feeling due to the overshadowing influence of the machine. The most capable of the hand com¬ positors are now machine operators or are waiting for the chance to learn to manipulate the keys, and as the new era advances it is questionable if the changed conditions will not demand more specific and direct methods of educating apprentices. DURING this month — on May 18, to be exact — the International Typographical Union will, for the fourth time, elect its officers by popular vote. Previously to 1898 the officials were selected by con¬ ventions, and the elections, including the incidental wire-pulling, were the principal events of those annual junkets. Marking his ballot for president was the zenith of delegatorial power. That act consummated, the delegate began to assume something like normal proportions — in the eyes of the aspiring candidates at least — as an individual, and the convention got down to work, grinding out fearfully and wonderfully made legislation that puzzled members and employers alike and kept the officers explaining and elucidating until another “ most important gathering in the history of the craft ” — that is what is always said of a con¬ vention when spoken of in the future — rolled round. The anomaly of a convention with limited powers and representing but a minority of the membership electing officers gave way for the more democratic method of selection by popular vote. Notwithstanding agitation for a return to the old system, there is little likelihood of a change. Bodies of men are not more prone to surrender power than are individuals, and as the mem- 208 THE INLAND PRINTER bers alone can effect a change, there is little probability of their voting away an important prerogative to the tender keeping of a few glib union politicians. A DEMURRER. T is regrettable that some men are unable to discuss a question in which they are directly interested or about which they feel deeply without aspersing the motives of their opponents. This is characteristic of the recent convert to a cause, and in discussing the labor question is found frequently to be the case with men who have not watched the march of events. If these men had kept an eye on what has been going on at their doors, much that now shocks them as being abnormal or phenomenal would be seen to be normal, if not desirable, in the circumstances. The most earnest students of modern industrialism concede they are but seekers after truth and knowledge, so there must be sufficient ground to permit of opposing controversialists giving each other credit for sincerity. Had they been observant, these awakening ones would at least know that in few cases in disputes between employers and employes has either side a monopoly of right, justice or logic. When men become blinded by passion or prejudice and so far forget the amenities of discussion as to impute base motives to those who differ from them, it behooves those who have been close observers, and therefore possess a glimmer of the truth, to display caution, patience and magnanimity, for the unbridled tongue is the fecund mother of useless trouble and heavy burdens. At all events, that is the attitude we desire to assume toward “ Anon,” whose letter is printed on another page and who accuses a contributor to these columns of ( i ) “ being subsidized by the unions ” and (2) of writing pro-union articles to suit the “ small policy of The Inland Printer to hold the union subscriptions.” To those who know, the first assertion will provoke a smile. There is probably no better known union printer in America than the con¬ tributor in question. For -nearly eight years he was president of the International Typographical Union, and has ever been active in the management of any local union of which he happened to be a member. He is one of the most popular printers in the country, and enjoys to an unusual degree the respect of employers, not excluding those with whom he came in sharp con¬ flict during his administration, which covered a period embracing the panic, the introduction of machines and the inception of the nine-hour workday. To our mind, the fact that in wage disputes — though the paid advo¬ cate of the men — individual employers and associa¬ tions of them have of their own volition selected him as arbiter, is high testimony to his integrity. This con¬ tributor’s enemies have not been quiet ones, and he has been accused of many offenses, but his rugged honesty is admitted by every rational critic. We feel sure " Anon ” will, on reflection, concede the absurdity of his suspicion that such a man is subsidized by the unions or could be employed to write articles contrary to his convictions. The article at which “ Anon ” takes special um¬ brage — “ The Open-shop Policy ” — was printed for the purpose of showing how some journeymen regarded that question, as the opening sentence stated. To our mind, the article was timely and an instructive illustra¬ tion of what it purported to be. At this time, when efforts are being made to force the open-shop issue, is it not a distinct advantage to all to know how repre¬ sentative union men view it? The prudent proprietor looks at all sides of a question before coming to a decision, and we do not think that safe rule should be ignored when a complex phase of the labor question is under consideration. If it is, some one must pay the price. If, however, his objection is that our columns are open to the workers, then we will have to agree to disagree, for it is our conception of our duty to shed as much light on the matter as possible and to let the worker be heard. “ Hamlet ” without the Prince would be a cogent and sensible production as compared with a discussion of the open shop with the employe or the union eliminated. Irrespective of what some may wish, these are factors — • important factors • — and it is impossible to ignore them. It had not been our intention to refer to the matter again, but “ Anon’s ” note seems to make necessary a restatement of The Inland Printer’s position on the labor question. First and foremost, it is not the spokesman of any faction, but is for the welfare of the whole craft, and believes that can best be secured and conserved by the maintenance of an honorable and satis¬ fying peace between employers and employes. In furtherance of this policy, we requested the offending contributor to place his views before the craft because he had been a conspicuous instrument in bringing about the era of peace the printing-trade has recently enjoyed. We know he has ever been the earnest advocate of collective bargaining and believe he is exceptionally well qualified to speak on those practices of employers which stand in the way of peace, as well as on the union policies which are provocative of strife. That he has the courage of his convictions and does not spare his own organization when he deems it wrong, his articles in these columns bear witness. The Inland Printer is for peace because it believes that policy to be the right one. To those cynical ones who must be shown a dollars-and-cents reason for every purpose in life, we beg to say that a trade journal is successful just in proportion as the craft is prosperous. The Inland Printer seeks to aid the workman in becom¬ ing more skilful and more productive, and does what it can toward enhancing the managerial ability of employ¬ ers. That development may not be retarded along these lines it is necessary that the craft enjoy a reasonable degree of contentment and harmony, which, as the his¬ tory of great industries shows, can best be maintained by collective bargaining, which involves the organiza- THE INLAND PRINTER 209 tion of both elements. Conditions prove that the great majority of workers in the trade are — wisely or unwisely — committed to the policy of transacting their business through the mediums of unions, which may be made engines of discord and excellent striking ma¬ chines, but can and, we believe, should be utilized for better purposes. The Inland Printer regards trade unions as a necessary evil that can not be obliterated, and it would not destroy them if it could. Fairly treated and well managed, they prevent rather than encourage strikes. The Inland Printer, being intensely practical, is a journal of the present and is not, therefore, specially concerned as to the genesis or ultimate of the trades- union movement. Its paramount office is to be non¬ partisan, give all shades of thought a thorough venti¬ lating, and advise its clients as to the best manner of meeting the situation confronting them. It is not part of this journal’s duty to speculate on whether this or that move will lead to a socialistic or anarchistic state of society five or six centuries hence, or discourse on whether the Union Carters threw stones or the Amal¬ gamated Yestmakers “ made faces ” at or pulled the hair of some feminine “ scabs.” But it is its plain duty to do what it can toward opening the way to an ami¬ cable disposition of the problems in hand. Wage and kindred disputes are at bottom business, differences, and should be settled in a business-like way. Vituperation from one side and sneers from the other — the stock- in-trade of partisan organs — will not conduce to that end, so The Inland Printer aims to be a forum where all can meet and become acquainted with each other’s views expressed in courteous and fitting terms. In pursuance of this program, those who wish to let the light shine on the dark places in practical ques¬ tions are assured that they may do so. “ Anon ” is not only welcome but invited to say his say, but he is admonished to remember that when a publication has decided on a line of policy on a broad question, it must hew to the line and not be swayed by what a hundred or a thousand subscribers may wish or one or a dozen advertisers desire. Character and backbone are as necessary to a trade journal as to an individual. With¬ out them there can be neither the useful purpose nor the influence which is life. If it were without an elevating, useful mission, The Inland Printer could not have lived the life it has. If it should descend to the low level “ Anon ” evidently believes it occupies, it might lose many subscribers and some patrons, and yet be capable of inflicting injury, but it would be bereft of influence for good, and deservedly so. NITSKI. Said the Japanese Admiral Togo, To the Russian Admiral Volganovoremyanishninevgorodovskivitchivogo,* “ If you think you can chew Up . the guileless Manchu, You will jolly soon find it is no go.” [* Pronounced “ Vogo.”] — Kobe Herald. 2-4 THE VALUE OF REPUTATION. MORE valuable to the printer than tons of type or scores of priceless presses is that intangible thing known as reputation. Chiefest of assets though it is, it can not be shown on books nor computed at the casting-up of annual schedules of profit and loss. It can be bought or sold, it will pass by succession, but so personal is it in its very nature that neither he who sells nor he who buys or succeeds can be assured that it will remain a part of the business that has held it hitherto. Whether it remains, whether it betakes itself to one who has left the old plant for new scenes, whether it vanishes utterly, may depend on many things, but will finally determine by that inherent quality which differentiates one man from all his fellows and which we know as the personal equation. So elusive a thing it is, and so tricksy, that one frequently is unaware that his plant has attained a “ reputation ” until it is brought home forcibly by circumstances from without. Again, he may fondly hug to his bosom the belief that he is in fullest enjoyment and possession of this most desirable addendum long after it has flown. And this holds good whether this reputation be such as will redound to the credit and the profit of him who has it or whether it be otherwise. For what is it that gives a printer the “ reputation ” he has, or his shop possesses, among those who patronize him or avoid him ? On the one hand, perhaps, brilliancy in designing and thoroughness in executing special or unusual mat¬ ters ; a general excellence in every detail, aggregating in the completed work a high plane of perfection ; accuracy in detecting and correcting errors of whatever nature ; celerity in delivering rush orders ; facilities for producing a certain class of work not possessed by other printers. On the other hand, a general reputa¬ tion for doing work cheap ; for being careless with proofs ; for neglecting the minor matters that really make the major matter of the adaptability of the work for the purpose for which it was intended. And as this reputation, however originating and however sustained, becomes more and more firmly attached to this printer and that, the work of the com¬ munity is divided along lines of cleavage similar to the divergent reasons outlined above. Even firms of smaller size will be found to divide their work, giving the cheaper class to the printer who will produce that at cheapest rate, without regard to quality, and will reserve for him whose output has a known standard of excellence the grades concerning which there is desire to obtain better work — distinctive work — and willingness to pay a reasonable price for it. But yet, having acquired this reputation, let the printer beware lest he lose it. So soon, as he sits down to serene contemplation of the fruits of his efforts, in the pleasing belief that what has been hardly won will easily continue, so soon is he in danger of loss, partial or total. A matter comparatively small may suffice to place a printer in the company of those envied 210 THE INLAND PRINTER ones whose reputations seem secure, nor will it appear that he is to be easily dislodged. Unless he continues to make manifest his fitness for the place he has won, however, it will not be long ere he is known by his absence. So hard is it to live up to one’s reputation ! A considerable buyer of printing, one whose taste is excellent as his requirements are exacting, said but lately that he found increasing difficulty in obtaining the class of work he desired, either in the great cities or in the smaller shops that are to be found in increas¬ ing numbers in the provincial towns. When I pressed him for reasons, it appeared that there was defect in a reputation by any print-shop. To this should be added a further word. A reputation once gained, so it be a reputation for doing, say, some one class of printing better than any one else can do it, and there will be a steady and logically increasing stream of customers bringing that class of work to that printer. And by that very fact will the printer be spurred to do more and better of that ond thing in which he is known to excel. The influence of his mind upon the work, and the reciprocal influence of the work upon his mind, can not fail to be of increasing benefit to both. R. C. M. CHICKEN designing and in carrying out the designs — a haste that inclined to waste of harmonies, a tendency to pass as satisfactory that which was merely “ good enough ” in the sense of being not directly bad ; in other words, a superficiality that seemed not so much due to “ com¬ mercialism ” as to plain heedlessness. Something of truth there is in these strictures, but they are, as it seems to me, rather too severe. There should be discrimination in the choice of houses even among those all of which are known to produce work of the highest class. An establishment that had won a reputation by the creation of a sample book of cover papers, for instance, might not be best fitted to write and print a bicycle catalogue or illustrate in colors a seedsman’s price-list. I have said that the personal equation was directly responsible for the acquisition and maintenance of such A CO-OPERATIVE PRINTING SCHEME. AT the last quarterly meeting of the London Society . of Compositors there was submitted a report from a committee, composed of a representative from each of the more prominent printing-trade unions, which embodied some novel features. It is clearly one of the outcroppings of the recent British anti-trade- union judicial rulings, for the committee says, “ men¬ aced as the trades-union movement is by these decisions, which have swept away the liberties we have enjoyed for thirty years, it behooves us to look around for fresh weapons and methods, and we are of the opinion that if trade unions would actively enter into the field of cooperative production whenever a suitable opportunity offers, they would materially strengthen their position.” Then the committee unfolds its plan for the establish¬ ment of a cooperative printing-plant which shall make THE INLAND PRINTER 211 a specialty of catering to trade unions, cooperative societies and organizations in which the working peo¬ ple dominate either through membership or the invest¬ ment of union funds. The estimated capital required is placed at $50,000, to be raised by the sale of shares at $5 each. We all know that, given a good accountant, almost any scheme can be made to look like a bonanza, and the prospectus of this project presents an alluring outlook. It is said the printing and stationery accounts of the trade organizations in the territory to be covered amount to $750,000 a year, and the work is of such a character and is given out with such regularity that superior to their interests as cooperators. Such has been the experience here in America, and human nature seems to be much the same the world over, even though this be projected in England, where coopera¬ tion is much better understood and farther advanced than with us. There is a strong appeal to sentiment in the prospectus, especially marked in the assurance that “ it is not the intention of this company to simply make money and share the profits, as in ordinary money-mongering concerns,” and we are left in dark¬ ness as to what disposition will be made of the surplus. If it were an American venture, I should say it had POSSIBILITIES. OR CROW. the new company would be free from those fluctuations of trade which so worry the ordinary business house ; and, besides, the work is at hand to commence on, removing one element of risk usually attendant on launching a new venture. This brings to mind less ambitious efforts along the same lines in this country, notably in New York and among Knights of Labor printers in the heyday of that organization’s popularity, but somehow the work did not put in an appearance or remain with the cooperative concern even when it was given “ a show ” for the printing. The writer of the London prospectus also overlooks the important fact that the men employed in offices now doing the work would bestir themselves in order to keep it where their job was, even though shareholders in the concern. So far as the work done by their employers is concerned, their material interests as wage-earners would be failure written all over it. The movement, however, has a moral. It shows that circumscribing the activities of trade unions will not settle the labor question; the workers will attempt to attain the ends by other means, none the less disquieting to those who would attempt to dodge an issue that can not be evaded, and which must be met in one form or another. These Londoners propose to better their condition by becoming employers in a way, their ultimate object being a state of society in which the employer, as we know him, will be elimi¬ nated. German and French workingmen, finding almost insuperable obstacles in the path of a trade- union movement, have gone into the political field with such success that the socialist parties exert more influ¬ ence in their respective national parliaments than does the Democratic party at Washington or the Liberal party at Westminster. From what may be judged of 212 THE INLAND PRINTER tne drift since the anti-union crusade has been with us, the American workingman is inclined to follow the example of his continental fellows. W. B. P. ASCERTAINING COST. N spite of its ancient and honorable position among the mechanical arts as the greatest agency in the advancement of civilization and the spread of knowl¬ edge, the printer’s calling, at least that of master printer, is not as prosperous as it should be, or as com¬ pared with almost any other of importance. Many fail, or at best only avoid it by a narrow margin, and but few are able to gain the competency necessary to the enjoyment of old age in well-earned leisure. Why do not printers make money ? Surely not for lack of patronage, since, at least in America, there has been a rapid increase in the number and size of print¬ ing plants and a vast improvement in quality and quantity of product. Bad management is, of course, largely responsible for financial difficulties, but by far the most common preventive of prosperity is guesswork competition, and right here is the root of the whole difficulty : Print¬ ers figure against each other without knowing what things cost. The man who gets the job is often worse loser than the man who fails to do so, but neither one knows it. The unsuccessful one is sore at the loss of the work, assumes that the lucky (?) man must have seen a profit in it, and resolves to bid lower next time. If the net results of such jobs could be known when finished, a few experiments of the kind would satisfy most printers, and this cut-throat plan be promptly abandoned. The customer has rarely any means of judging the value of the job except by the price he pays for it, and in getting one printer to bid against another he proceeds on the reasonable assump¬ tion that he is dealing with intelligent business men who know what they are doing, and very rarely with the idea of securing prices below cost. Reckless competition, through ignorance of real costs, has been the bane of every business, and the pri¬ mary force in bringing about combinations and trusts ; a result, of course, impossible, even if desirable, in this business. Competition being unavoidable, it ought to be con¬ fined to legitimate methods, where facilities and ability, personal and mechanical, shall determine the degree of success, and the chief requisite to this end we believe to be education on the subject of costs. In our opinion, the question of cost accounting, which is quite a different thing from estimating or cost figuring, is of more vital importance than any other, or, perhaps, all others now before the printer. After one year’s operation in the office of the pub¬ lishers of this magazine, an office handling a very large volume of job and book work aggregating twelve thou¬ sand separate orders per year, the system adopted has replaced a condition of uncertainty by one of confidence and definite knowledge of actual costs and profits, and has provided a continuous object lesson for the esti¬ mators. Knowing that many prominent printers are already trying to improve conditions in this particular respect, we have arranged to discuss the subject at length in a special department of Cost Accounting. In it we will treat of various plans in use, which will be reviewed and commented upon by Mr. W. H. Roberts, who designed and installed the system before referred to, and whose articles on this subject last year will be recalled. This is done with a full appreciation of the follow¬ ing facts : First : No cut-and-dried scheme can be adopted suc¬ cessfully in any establishment doing a large business, the variety of requirements, conditions and personality being so great as to render anything of the kind out of the question. Second : Given a plan exactly adapted to particular conditions, it is extremely doubtful if it would be properly started and given a chance to show its value, if furnished ready-made and left to run the gauntlet of objections and “ knocks ” by the usual run of clerks and foremen. This department will, therefore, be for such general discussion as will stimulate interest and throw light on the subject as a whole, without attempting the impos¬ sible by trying to discover a universal cure for existing troubles. We extend an invitation to managing printers everywhere to submit for notice or discussion, if found available, any schemes or devices which they have adopted and found useful. In doing so please furnish the following informa¬ tion : Give list of departments, or classes of work you produce in your own shop. Send all forms in use, with full description of how applied. Give names of all general ledger accounts you use. How are estimates made? (Give basis and method, not prices.) How are estimates recorded ? In what shape are they given to the applicant? Are estimates compared with results of the work when completed? How are orders recorded ? How indexed ? Give form of job ticket which follows the work. How is the time spent on job reported and recorded in the various departments ? Give blanks used for this purpose. How do you figure time required for distribution? How do you get at the time required for proofread¬ ing on small jobs ? How is the cost of ink arrived at ? How is the cost of presswork computed? What records of press operation are kept and how is average product and efficiency determined? THE INLAND PRINTER 213 What account is made of employes’ time not directly chargeable to any particular jobs, and how is this time considered or allowed for in obtaining actual cost? What accounts, books or other records are kept out¬ side of the office and by whom? What comparison, if any, is made, and how often, between the total expenditures for all purposes and the total of cost figured on work done? Are you able to determine the effect which slack work, or a rush requiring overtime, has on costs in various departments, aside from the time charged directly to jobs? How do you apportion the following items of expense or disbursement among various jobs? Office expense (including salaries). Power, heat and light. Selling expense, commission and discount (regu¬ lar). Repairs and depreciation. How are net profits determined and when ? Written for The Inland Printer. AN OPEN FORUM. BY W. B. PRESCOTT. IF variety be the spice of life, then expressing one’s views on various phases of the labor question results in being served with a highly7- seasoned dish. To be accused month after month of treachery to the union cause and to know that advertisers have been urged to withhold patronage from publications which open their columns to the presentation of pro-union views are incidents you soon learn to dismiss with barely a passing thought. But now and again some¬ thing in the way of criticism comes under your eye which is not unworthy of consideration, even though it is a fatherless waif. The writer of anonymous letters is usually classed among the despicables — and rightly so, when his object is to inflict injury on a third person. Here is a gentleman who writes directly to the object of attack, and though I have received hundreds of such letters, ranging all the way from the man who gave timely advice in a friendly spirit to the disappointed and irate individual who confided his intention of buy¬ ing a gun for the purpose of “ featuring ” me in a slow-march procession, yet I have never harbored any particular ill will against this sort of fellow. It is a thousand times better that he should utter the truth under the guise of anonymity than prevaricate and deceive over his signature. Perhaps the waste-basket is the place for such missives, but not until after you have extracted what good there may be in them. That seems to be a better policy than raving about the mean¬ ness of men who do that kind of thing. Now, here is a letter that is deliciously frank, and probably expresses views typical of those held by many readers, especially those who have listened to the paid “ gabmeisters ” of the anti-union movement. The writer unconsciously betrays his habit of being behind the times by addressing the envelope to the Monroe street building which The Inland Printer vacated about a year ago. The letter is innocent of date-line, but it was mailed in Chicago, and is evidently from an employing printer, as it is written on the back of a paper company’s price-list, and reads as follows : I have frequently noticed your articles in The Inland Printer, but never got very far into any of them after seeing the thin line of argument with which they were all tinctured. After reading a part of your “ Open-shop Policy,” I can not but believe you are subsidized by the unions or have need of clearing away the dense cloud in which you are enveloped. The unions certainly are working toward slavery and killing ambition on both sides. Unfortunately, I have to employ union labor, but if I were a workman I would not work along¬ side a man who had sold his birthright. Possibly you know better, and find it to be the (small) policy of The Inland Printer to hold the union subscribers. “ Anon.” I hasten to assure “ Anon ” that the unions have not subsidized me, and, so far as I know, they are not given to paying their champions ; the very reverse is said to be their characteristic attitude on the question of remuneration. In theory and practice I am a trade- unionist, and, therefore, may be enveloped in the “ dense cloud ” of which he speaks. In this I am in goodly company. Ignoring the many millions of active trades-unionists, the great majority of disinter¬ ested present-day investigators of industrial conditions are in the same fog. The publicists, statesmen and economists of all the great commercial nations are very generally agreed that labor organizations, with all their defects and crudities, are beneficent institutions worthy of encouragement. The most forceful opponent the principle of trade-unionism ever had — the late John Bright — finally admitted that much of his opposition had been a mistake, while his political coworker for many years — Gladstone — is on record as declaring that “ trade unions are the bulwark of modern democ¬ racies.” These men are cited because they were regarded as inimical to the British trade-union move¬ ment when it was in about the same stage of develop¬ ment as the American movement is to-day. But theorists are not alone in supporting unions, as many employers are with them. Evidence of this is found on all sides in the collective bargaining that is going on, a notable recent instance being the anxiety of soft- coal operators of the middle West to avoid a conflict which would destroy their scale arrangements, the effectiveness of which is dependent upon the stability of the union. If “ Anon ” wishes to know how trade unions are regarded by employers in Great Britain — for it is axiomatic that what has transpired in the economic field in that country will be repeated here — he is referred to the January Bulletin of the Labor Bureau, issued by the United States Department of Commerce and Labor. If he will but investigate, he will find ample opportunity for missionary work among the beclouded of his own class ; and even among fel¬ low employing printers. Some employers, socialists and anarchists think this an incongruous state of affairs. 214 THE INLAND PRINTER But to the unionist it seems a most natural condition, for, speaking largely, in the end the trade union simply makes it easy for a just and liberal employer to be good, and difficult for an unscrupulous and mean one to be bad. It is not to be inferred from this that I think all pro-union employers good and all anti-union employers unscrupulous, which would not be true, but it is a fact that a majority of the latter class will be found among those inveighing against unionism — sometimes because unions are so “ tyrannical ” as to insist that wages admittedly earned shall be promptly paid. It is not really of any importance, but it is impos¬ sible to refrain from remarking that one who con¬ fessedly does not read an article through can hardly be esteemed a judge of the strength or weakness of the argument presented. I do not pretend to be without bias, though I do endeavor to be fair and not allow myself to be carried away by the promptings of self- interest, and it may be the line of argument is “ thin,” as “ Anon ” says, but even that is superior to mere assertion and insinuation, which serves no purpose except possibly to reveal the mercenary spirit that would actuate this unknown if he were writing articles or conducting a trade magazine. The bold statement that the unions are “ working toward slavery and killing ambition ” is as trite as it is indefinite. What does “Anon” mean? It can not be that he believes the unions oppose the introduction of machinery. If he does, and has the printing-trade organizations — with which the readers of this journal are most concerned - — in mind, he will have some diffi¬ culty in proving his case. I am inclined to think he would fail entirely. The late Mr. Mergenthaler told this writer that after the Linotype had proven its worth, he found that, as a class, union workmen were more ready to admit its possibilities and test its capacity than the employers. In an article on a phase of this subject written by an economist for publication in a scientific magazine — the manuscript of which I had the privilege of perusing — it is said that the regula¬ tions and practices of the typographical union aided materially in the introduction of typesetting devices. In this economist’s opinion the union’s insistence on a wide dissemination of knowledge relative to the ma¬ chine among its members — in some cases establish¬ ing schools — was very largely responsible for the satisfactory results attained both as to quantity and quality of the work done. With such testimony from an inventor, and when an investigator who begrudges credit to the union for keeping up wages and reducing hours when machines were introduced is constrained to make such an admission, unionists have a right to insist on proof when charged with opposing the intro¬ duction of machinery. Nor can “ Anon ” mean that unions discourage their members from becoming proficient craftsmen. Such a policy would be hurtful to the individual and destruc¬ tive of the union. “ Anon,” like others, employs union men because he finds among them the most profitable and most skilful workers. As a large percentage of the ambitious workmen are in the union and can direct its policy, it is difficult to understand how the union kills ambition. The organization that does not embrace desirable workmen is doomed to failure, and union officials have refused to issue many charters solely because the proposed local union had not gathered the best workmen in its fold. The charge of “ killing ambition ” is a stock argument of the anti-union formula, and in the early days of modern unionism it was the orthodox pronouncement of the political economists ; they reasoned that such would be the inevitable effect of unionism. That was mere specu¬ lation, and as the speculative era was passed through and the scientists examined the effects of a generation of trade-unionism, this opinion was revised, until now, as has been said, almost all economists admit the uplift¬ ing tendencies of unionism, and many of them are among its most ardent advocates. The old prophetic errors of the scientist being mouthed by anti-unionists do not alter the facts, but go far toward convincing unionists of the correctness of their position. It is as if a man discussing the Panama canal question should revamp the exploded shibboleths of the Missouri com¬ promise campaign and use them as arguments. One can readily imagine that “ Anon ” may not get as good results from his force as other employers do from theirs. He is probably one of those who are always endeavoring to evade the scale or threatening to discharge unionists ; or, perhaps, he spends his spare moments devising and writing restrictive and irritating orders, for the average howler for primal rights (forgetful of our complex and artificial state of society and freedom of contract) is an adept in giving a penitentiary-like atmosphere to his workshop. These practices and the lack of stability in employment have one sure effect: to make the workers indifferent and anxious for another job, while it causes desirable workmen out of employment to shun the establishment as if it were a plague spot. Every unnecessary order couched in offensive language sets every head in the room figuring as to how the regulation can be evaded. Soon there are, let us say, one or two employers and twenty employes devoting their energies — not to getting out good work and lots of it, but to the enforcement and safe violation of a superfluous office rule, and in a game of that kind twenty heads are generally better than one. Like causes produce like effect in union and non-union offices, and the only effort at organized restriction of output of which I have positive knowledge occurred in an open office, and was a direct result of undue driving by and oppressive regulations of the foreman. “ Anon ” employs hated unionists because it is to his material interest to do so, and the same influence would cause him to join the union if he were a wage- earner. He would reason that the abstract “ right to work ” was not such a boon when he had to secure the THE INLAND PRINTER 215 permission of some one (an employer) before he could exercise it, and at the employer’s terms. Having learned he could not work without permission from some one, he would not deem it as in the least impair¬ ing his much-vaunted natural rights to go into a com¬ bination to fix the terms and conditions under which he and his other partners would work. Then “ Anon ” is an honorable man, and would not think of reaping benefits from union activity in the shape of reduced working hours and increased wages without assuming his share of the burden. Only a fool expects some¬ thing for nothing, and an honest man never thinks of accepting it. In the union he would find he was not required to surrender as much of his personal liberty as any branch of government demands in return for the protection it affords. It would dawn on him that the union is more responsive to the views and demands of the individual member and is more mindful of his personal liberty than is a joint stock company, or even the average partnership, or many of the churches or fraternal societies. It is not denied that a union man limits his freedom of action in the hope that the gen¬ eral good may be subserved. I have never been able to see the crime against society or morals in doing so. Such self-abnegation in one form or another has marked the successive stages of the development of the human race from barbarism to its present state. Insistence upon rights is all very well in its way, but the full performance of one’s duty to his neighbor and society forces itself upon one as his vision broadens and he comprehends with increasing clarity what is meant by right living. “ Anon ” may be an individualist of the most pronounced type, yet that would not neces¬ sarily deter him from being a trade-unionist, as many of that school are enthusiastic unionists, believing that in existing circumstances it is the duty of the wage- earner to organize. In conclusion, let me assure “ Anon ” that The Inland Printer' never intimated in any way that I should write articles to “ hold the union subscriptions.” My correspondent’s penchant for expressing opinions on matters about which he has not informed himself has led him into error, as well as betrayed him into making an uncalled-for and ill-natured remark. Had he read my contributions relative to unions he would have found that many of them — perhaps a majority — criticized adversely the actions of the unionists and unions, and some of their laws and practices. So far from being hired for such a purpose as “ Anon ” insinu¬ ates, I do not even know whether the management of The Inland Printer is concerned about its subscrip¬ tion list. If money, and it alone, were the aim of the management, then the advertiser and not the subscriber would be catered to. As one whose acts as a union official have at times been commented on with severity by it, I have always felt forced to admit The Inland Printer was fair and endeavoring to fulfil its avowed mission of advancing the interests of the entire craft in every direction. The fact that it reprobated policies I happened to be advocating did not argue that it was less sincere than I, but merely that we did not review the field from the same standpoint. MODERN UNION METHODS. The Labor Record, of Kansas City, Kansas, advocates new methods in fighting its battles. Briefly, the new method is a more liberal and more judicious use of printer’s ink. Here are a few thoughts from various authorities given and endorsed by the Record, and which will doubtless receive the approval of all fair-minded people. The question is, “How can one advertise a house as being nonunion so as to materially decrease their patronage from union people and union sympathizers ? ” Use printer’s ink, discard the terms, “ scab,” “ rat,” “ boycott,” and instead of advertising “ unfair ” houses by applying opprobrious epithets and asking the public to boycott them, advertise the firms they want the unions to patronize and ignore the others. One authority quoted speaks of “ the doubtful wisdom of adver¬ tising an unfriendly firm.” The author who can not win the approval of the critics is thankful for their bitter condemnation, as it brings his name before the public and often sells his pro¬ ductions; the boycott sometimes works the same way. One can not decrease a man’s business by advertising him. The only people, who, seeing a firm’s name mentioned as non¬ union, and who will care very much, are the union people, and circulars sent to unions, and advertising in labor papers, can and ought to mention this fact, but for general distribution if the union will circulate a “ fair ” list, giving the names and places of business of the union houses, and ignore the others, they will help the others to forget them . In union¬ izing a town, one dollar spent in printer’s ink will do more than ten dollars spent in fighting injunction proceedings. WIRELESS TELEGRAPHY. It is reported by the British technical press that Marconi has succeeded in establishing a wireless telegraph service between England and Holland. Messages are transmitted from Poldhu to Amsterdam, a distance of two hundred miles, of which forty miles are overland in the south of England. It is said that a commercial daily paper in Amsterdam has arranged to receive its news in this way. GOT THERE FIRST. “ I lost all my money in Wall street,” complains the lamb. “Too bad. Why don’t you advertise for it?” asks the friend. “The other fellow advertised for it first. That’s how I lost it,” answers the shorn one, with a vexed air. — Chicago Tribune. MADE HIM A GOOD PRINTER. After taking The Inland Printer since October, 1890, I would feel lost if I were to lose a number. I have every num¬ ber from that date to this, and nothing would induce me to part with them, as I hold that they have made me the printer that I am. — W. G. Sanisbury, Ludington, Michigan. TYPOGRAPHICAL UNION SUED. Patrick Galloway has sued Toledo Typographical Union for $10,000 damages for rejecting his application for membership and causing him to be discharged from the Andrews Printing Company. He says he has since been unable to find employ¬ ment. 216 THE INLAND PRINTER of good faith. All 1, e always open for the discussior t be noticed; therefore correspondents a iblication, be ' e thousand v, SUBORDINATE NUMBERS. To the Editor: Chicago, III., April 4, 1904. Brother Berry, in his lecture to apprentices on job compo¬ sition, as reported in April number of The Inland Printer, in the example designated Plate V finds a difficulty in the length of the line “ Chicago Typographical Union Number Sixteen.” I suggest that this difficulty would in large measure have disappeared had Mr. Berry recognized the fact that the number of a local union is not an integral part of its name, hut simply the number of the charter given by the Interna¬ tional. Should the charter be revoked, or Chicago union cease to exist, the number would stand vacant on the I. T. U. roll until assigned to another union. Again, if the I. T. U. should die and Chicago union survive, the “No. 16” would be mean¬ ingless. Therefore, “No. 16,” whether spelled out or not, could have been treated parenthetically and placed in a sepa¬ rate line, thereby giving space in main line for the words “ Chicago Typographical Union.” S. K. Parker. RAISING THE STANDARD. To the Editor: Findlay, Ohio, Jan. 30, 1904. I am sending you under separate cover a few samples of work produced by me — ordinary work, to be sure — - but it is the little particulars about the display of ordinary jobs which raise us above the class of “ ordinary ” printers. I have been paying close attention to The Inland Printer for several years, and must say I have been bettered beyond the power of words to express. The care your journal gives to coaching us in the paying of more attention to judicious margins, proper spacing between lines or “ clusters ” of lines, care in selecting harmonious and not too powerful ornaments, all combine to raise the common printer above the plane of “average” or “ordinary” workman. It is not the favorable comment which does the most good always. If a specimen does not deserve praise, it should be criticized and thus point the erring one to a higher standard of perfection. All this I have experienced in sending speci¬ mens to The Inland Printer from time to time. Hoping your journal does as much good in uplifting others as it has ’me, I remain, yours for further improvement, Lafayette Doerty. UNSALARIED ORGANIZERS. To the Editor: Baltimore, Md., April 15, 1904. Be so kind as to allow me space for a little story of the Baltimore fire. The compositors in one of the offices in this behind-the- times printing town made up their minds to join the union, but their employer objected, embellishing his objec¬ tion with what one of the men termed “ flapdoodle ” about his employes being independent and not slaves of the union. For some inscrutable reason the union would not countenance a strike, and the proposed movement was shelved. Then came the fire. It was no respecter of union or non-union offices, and it is said that on Monday, February 9, there were 356 union printers out of work. Among the non-union men sim¬ ilarly situated were those just referred to. By Wednesday, all but a few of the unionists had been provided for, temporary employment having been secured for one hundred in other cities. Not only that; before a bank vault had been opened, and while some of the most reliable business firms were yet short of currency, the typographical union was disbursing money to members who were without funds owing to employ¬ ers being compelled to “ skip ” a pay-day, or for other reasons arising out of the fire, the principal restriction being that a beneficiary must have been a member before the fire started. This was very creditable to the enterprise, financial stand¬ ing and fraternal spirit of the union. But what of the non- unionists? A gentleman acquainted with these facts and a friend of one of the employes referred to above, who hap¬ pened to be in need of assistance, visited the non-union employer. He suggested that the employer should make an effort to treat his men liberally, as his opposition to the union was responsible for their being jobless and moneyless. The reply was, in effect, that Mr. Employer did not feel under any obligation to his employes — they had made their choice and would have to take the consequences. If flapdoodle be food for fools, these employes doubtless think they have had their share. No wonder the president of the union declares it will profit by the fire ; he means it will have an increased member¬ ship. I suppose this tale has more than one moral, but it sug¬ gests a query, too : Why do unions have paid organizers when employers will insist on doing such good missionary work as this one did? Urim. SETTING MUSIC TYPE. To the Editor: San Francisco, March 20, 1904. Would you kindly answer through your columns the fol¬ lowing questions: (1) Is it possible for the ordinary job- hand to set up music type if given his own time, and granting also that he have some knowledge of music? (2) About how large a font would be required to put together three pages of music? (3) Is there any process other than by type to pro¬ duce music? H. J. Myers. (1) A knowledge of music, while perhaps not essential, is desirable in one who would be a compositor of music type. The requirements are such as to make experience in the work of the highest importance. Without question, under the conditions named, the work could be done. (2) Music runs so irregularly, it is difficult to calculate how much type is needed to set three pages. A ioo-pound font, divided among so many different characters, would hardly set three pages of music. You would perhaps have to get 50 or 100 pounds extra sorts. Some pieces of music will all run on certain sorts — more than you would get in a 500-pound font; then the next work will run on a different set of characters. Straight fonts are of little account the way they are put up. The only way is to get the extras according to the class of work for which they are intended. You can do nothing with¬ out the extras, no matter what size font is ordered. A music font contains several hundred characters, and the few ounces of each character in a ioo-pound font do not go far in doing any amount of work. You must have the characters to use at different times, so the extras will amount to more than the original font in a short time. (3) Much work was formerly done with music type, but this kind of composition has dwindled away, not one man being employed where four were formerly. The cause is the greater cheapness of lithography, by which, besides, ornamental lines of a beauty and grace which can not be imitated by angular type can be introduced in title-pages. There are several methods of producing printed music besides through type and lithography. Engraving on copper is a slow and tedious process, and takes much time. Steel engraving is the same method on another material. En¬ graving on pewter is largely used in London. This material has been changed to one chiefly of tin. The lines are drawn, after which the notes are driven in by a punch. When the THE INLAND PRINTER 217 plate is complete the hollows are filled with wax. The roller is passed over the plate with printing-ink, and then the whole is wiped clean. Part, however, adheres to the wax. The sheet is laid on and an impression is taken, resulting in the printed page. The text is executed by letters stamped into the plate, one at a time. They are consequently very uneven. — Ed. AMERICAN SUPERIORITY. To the Editor: Washington, D. C., April 4, 1904. In your March issue, that instructive and entertaining edi¬ torial contributor, “ R. C. M.,” states that the superiority of American over British printing is due as much to the Amer¬ ican workman as to cisatlantic management. In this he appears to be right, so far as the abilities of the workers of the two countries are concerned. But that view is not the only one, as there has just fallen under my eye a British com¬ ment on the subject. At the opening of the printing depart¬ ment of a technical college in Bradford, England, there was “ a speaking,” among the talkers being an alderman (whether boodle or reformer is not stated) and an employer named Byles. These gentlemen maintained that the British work¬ man was the equal of his American fellow craftsman. “ But,” said Mr. Byles, “the American just now has the advantage in organization (meaning shop management and business method), and it is organization that tells in the printing trade.” As the speaker evidently knew what he was talking about, front-office arrangements must be below par in Britain. The Englishman is showing his proverbial pluck in en¬ deavoring to improve all around, for he must know he can never hope to compete with the United States — he is over¬ whelmed by sheer force of numbers. There are probably double the number of printers here there are in Britain, and catering to a public with an infinitely greater diversity of tastes. So, all things being equal, there are more than twice as many new wrinkles thought out in a day here than there. Individually, the Briton may do as well as the American, but when the trade returns are printed his nation will find itself surpassed in volume. Quantity is not everything, but where the greater volume of work is done will be found the greater variety and the higher excellence. S. H. B. STANDARD LINE IN GERMANY. To the Editor: Berlin, Germany, March 8, 1904. German printers have noted with envy the progress made by American and British typefounders in the standardization of type. It is true we have the Didot point standard and shall have to stick to it, although in my opinion it is inferior to the American point system, owing to the immensurability of the Didot point unit, which is — as will be remembered — the 2,660th part of a meter and consequently inexpressible by any definite decimal figure, the closest expression being .376 milli¬ meter. It is hard to understand why, if the former so-called Leipsic unit of .36 — which would come close up to the Amer¬ ican and British unit — could not be accepted in spite of its 'undoubted advantages, then the point unit was not fixed at least at .375, so that all even point bodies would come to com¬ mensurable results, e. g., nonpareil 2.25, brevier 3, long primer 3.75, pica 4.5 millimeters, instead of being actually 2.26, 3.01, 3.76, 4.51, respectively. However, the Didot standard having once been settled and accepted, we have to make the best of it, and it is only fair to state that our foundries on the whole cast their type with .greatest accuracy both as to body and height; the latter fact deserves special mention, because there are in Germany, Austria-Hungary and the neighboring countries dependent upon Germany in typographical matters a variety of heights, from British height up to the Russian (which is just one inch), which require our foundries to keep double stock of all type, one cast exactly to the Didot stand¬ ard or French height, which is naturally preponderant and growing in use, and the other cast on “ high stock height,” to be trimmed down to suit the requirements of every customer who has not yet adopted the Didot height. So far we have been satisfied with testing the correctness of body and height, and only theoretically mention was made of the desirability of a standard line, that is, a standard of alignment which allows the mixing of different faces, not only of the same body, but also of different bodies, without resort¬ ing to underlaying with paper and cardboard. When for about twenty years past all leading foundries, in issuing new series of jobbing type — especially roman faces — pointed out that the line of all bodies, usually from pica upward to four picas — had been so arranged that the different bodies would align with each other if underlaid with multiples of point spaces, this method was readily appreciated and commended. But it hardly ever occurred to a writer that the alignment of roman jobbing faces was not all that could be desired; in fact, mixing of roman faces is for German printers, who have to use their “fraktur” faces more frequently than roman, except in mercantile jobs, less important than uniform align¬ ment of fracture and roman faces, and especially ordinary and titling fracture, which is as commonly mixed in German as is roman and italics in English. It is quite a common occur¬ rence that a bold-face fracture has its line half a point lower than the lean face of the same body, although both may have emanated from the same foundry; or that the fracture stands lower than the roman. This is very awkward and may be one of the causes why the majority of scientific books with numer¬ ous citations from English, French, Latin, etc., are printed in roman now, rather than in German fracture. It would be doing injustice to our leading foundries if those incongruities were charged to something like carelessness or negligence on their part, but it must not be overlooked that the art of punch-cutting up to a very recent period was entirely performed by hand, and it may be assumed that just the best punch engravers were unable to pay special attention to the exact position of the standard line, which as a matter of course can be settled ultimately only by the justifier of the matrix. Since the introduction of American punch-cutting machines, some six years ago, the whole work of type-drawing, punch-cutting and matrix-making was put on a scientific basis, and it is evident that the firms adopting these machines first must have at the same time settled upon certain standards, both for size of face and for the standard line of each body. This task involved undoubtedly great expense and much thought, and it is therefore readily conceivable that each firm who had succeeded in establishing a complete system of stand¬ ardization was eager to keep this result of their labor as a secret in order to recoup in time the expenses undergone, not only with the consolidation of the standard itself, but with the recutting of a number of faces not ranging with the new standard, and with the recasting of faces which otherwise might have been carried in stock for years to come. The secrecy, therefore, was warrantable, but it is plain that if two or more typefounding firms, in their search for a settle¬ ment of line standardization, came, in consequence of their acting independently of each other, to different results, the whole effect could not be advantageous to the printing trade generally. For it is obvious that, for instance, a pica cast on the “ standard line ” of the firm A does not align with the pica cast on the “ standard line ” of the foundry B. Then the printer is worse off than without a “ standard line ” at all, unless he breaks his possibly amicable relations to the firm A in order to unexceptionally get all his type, etc., forever from the firm B. What is he to do if the firm A issues a new series of type which he likes and desires to have but is unable to use on account of the deviating “ standard line.” Now, it is distressing to note that just this experience is at hand in Germany. The noted firm of Genzsch & Heyse, in Hamburg, announced several weeks ago that after several years’ hard work they had now completed the task of estab¬ lishing a standard line for all their type, both roman and 218 THE INLAND PRINTER “ fracture ” faces kept in stock, sincerely confessing that they were indebted to the Inland Type Foundry, in St. Louis, for the principles of the system. They expressed their hope that this newly established standard line would be welcomed and appreciated, and looked forward to the time when standard line would be popular in Germany as standard-point unit and standard height to paper. At first sight, printers were inclined to grant Genzsch & Heyse’s arguments ; but a few days later attention was called to the fact that the firm Schelter & Giesecke, in Leipsic, have been using a standard line for all type faces originated for some five years past. A comparison of G. & H.’s and S. & G.’s standard line proved a congruity in some, a slight difference in others and a large difference in the rest of bodies — and thus, instead of satisfac¬ tion, there is a general dissatisfaction all round and everybody feels that something has to be done before mischief arises. It appears that the principal idea of Genzsch & Heyse’s standard line was that body type should be made to line up with two-point brass rule, fine or dotted, so as to meet the emergency common in German jobbing composition, where in blank formulas for authorities’ and magistrates’ use dotted lines intended for writing follow close to printed matter. The brass rule should — this is the idea — align with any body type by underlaying with point unit leads or spaces. This has been attained by fixing the standard line of minion and brevier at a distance of one point plus the beard of a two-point rule from the lower limit of the body, while the standard line of bour¬ geois, long primer and pica is just one point higher than that of minion and brevier. It has been pointed out by a well- known expert, Mr. C. Kulbe, in the Berlin Buchdrucker- Woche, that this method necessitates an unnatural shape of all descending letters, which are more frequent in German “ frac¬ ture ” than in roman, a protracting in some and a curtailing in others, which can not be without influence upon the wonted regularity. Besides, the standard line of Genzsch & Heyse’s nonpareil is considered a failure, as it requires the use of half¬ point or one-and-a-half point spaces in all cases where nonpa¬ reil is to be aligned with larger bodies — an annoyance skil¬ fully obviated by Schelter & Giesecke’s system. It is deplored that in such an important matter the leading foundries should not have acted in unison with each other or, what would have been preferable, in concert with all German foundries, who are united in a society. The next meeting of this society, which will be held shortly, will consider the mat¬ ter of standard line thoroughly, and it is hoped that some prac¬ tical decision acceptable to all printers will be arrived at. Otto Wollermann. WORKMEN’S RESPONSIBILITY. To the Editor: Fremont, Neb., March 21, 1904. I have read the article in The Inland Printer by R. C. M., on “ Responsibility for Spoilage,” and must say that I can not agree with the writer. He says “there have been printing-house proprietors who sought to recoup themselves for the loss caused by inevitable spoilage by charging the value of the spoiled job to the work¬ man who caused it, and withholding it from his pay envelope. This is a short-sighted policy.” The writer of the foregoing need not locate houses in the past that charged employes for spoiled work, as there are many at the present time who are doing this. In an experience of twenty-five years in the man¬ agement of a printing-office, of more or less magnitude, more than twenty years of that period it was our rule for the office to stand all mistakes of the mechanical employes, as well as the office errors. We then changed our plan to charging the employes for their mistakes, and I give it as my judgment, based on an experience with both methods, that our old policy was the short-sighted one. All shops of any size are compelled to use job tickets with full instructions to the workmen. This is because the superintendent or foreman can not be at the elbow of every workman to give him instructions; and even if they could, it would not be as desirable, as oral instructions are not as good as written. When they are committed to writing they are not so liable to be forgotten or misunder¬ stood, and it is not necessary to depend on memory. Under these conditions I would like to know why no responsibility should attach to the workman? With full instructions in hand, why should the owner be the loser on an error instead of the one making it? Suppose the instructions on a ticket are to set a form thirty-six ems wide, and the compositor sets it forty-five, and it would not go on the stock, but must be reset; then whose fault is this ? Will R. C. M. tell us why the compositor should not reset this job at his own expense? Suppose a pressman is running a small form of a two-color job on a large press and is negligent about locking the form tight on the bed. After a while the form slips so that it will not register with the next form, and a lot of stock is spoiled and time lost. This happens while the pressman is continu¬ ally watching the sheets as they come from the press. What is the pressman there for? Is it merely to put in time and draw his pay? Has he no responsibility? Suppose, again, that the instructions on the ticket say to the man at the cutter that the job is to be trimmed with a margin of one-half inch on all sides except on the left end, which is to be one and one-half inches for punching holes for a loose-leaf binder, and he negligently, carelessly, wilfully, or for any other reason, cuts the margins even on all sides — who is at fault here? Is he to work blindly vand without responsibility? It will not do to say that men who make such mistakes are necessarily incompetent and should be discharged. It would be fairer and more 'charitable to the man to allow him to pay for his mistake and continue work than to be sum¬ marily dismissed. R. C. M. says “ no intelligent workman but realizes intensely the extent of the loss he has caused and is distressed thereby.” This is undoubtedly true, but how does this distressed feeling fix up the loss? How does it satisfy the customer who is annoyed at the delay? How does it keep up the reputation of the shop ? I know from personal experience that it requires something occasionally to go deeper than my feelings ; in fact, so deep that it reaches my pocketbook before I am thoroughly awakened to an alert watchfulness. “ A word of warning,” as suggested by R. C. M., is very good as far as it goes, but it is a poor memory jogger as compared to touching the interest of the delinquent in dollars and cents. I believe, however, that very few shops enforce this rule so much for recouping their losses as to lay the strongest pos¬ sible responsibility upon the workman. This responsibility makes men of them instead of machines. They are obliged to think about what they are doing and not go ahead indifferent to their instructions. Men in our employ have said to me that they like this plan, because there is less complaint to them and they feel more independent — feel manlier because they have paid for what they destroyed. At the top of our job tickets we print this notice : " Caution: Spoiled jobs will be charged to workman who neglects to carry out instructions on ticket. If you do not understand, ask.” A man who takes hold of a job with such a ticket attached to it virtually accepts the conditions in the notice, and it is con¬ structively a contract. It is incumbent upon the workman to protest against the notice or abide by the conditions contained therein. I have read of a case at New Orleans where a printer got the wrong figure in a bank advertisement and the bank refused to pay for the same on account of the error. The matter was tried and the court rendered judgment against the printer for the price of the advertisement. This judge evidently thought some obligation rested upon the workman to do his work right or stand the. consequences. Frank Hammond. THE INLAND PRINTER 219 In this department special attention will be paid to all pub¬ lications dealing entirely or in part with the art of printing and the industries associated therewith. While space will be given for expressions of opinion on books or papers of general interest which may be submitted for that purpose, contributors will please remember that this column is intended in the main for reviews of technical publications. The address of the pub¬ lisher, places on sale and prices should be enclosed in all publi¬ cations sent for review. Address, The Inland Printer Com¬ pany, Chicago. HEN the series known as The Unit Books, published by Howard Wilford Bell, of New York, was first launched, we expressed a qualified approval of the plan and a hope that the results might be brought up to the standard promised. Since that time several books have been issued, and each one has been distinctly better than the last. Evidently the advantages of the system are not to be lost because of its difficulties. The first books showed defects in paper and presswork. These defects have been lessened materially, and the result¬ ing volumes are virtually all' the publisher promised. Also, it seems, the new plan of selling does not prove too complicated to meet with success. All commendation of Mr. Bell’s enterprise must be under¬ stood to refer to his success in attaining his aim. We do not expect a remarkably fine edition of “ Prue and I,” the fifth title in the Unit series, for 8 cents; nor the same, bound in leather, for 58 cents. But the quality of the text, and our desire to own the book, would cause us to demand that it be respectable, no matter what the price. Mr. Bell has done more; he has, by the utter simplicity of the design and the fine, reserved handling of the materials, made it pleasing. His edition is absolutely unpretentious, but compared with the average cheap reprint (if there are any others as cheap), it is to be welcomed with enthusiasm. And this point must be kept 'in mind when you examine his books : they are not to stand as samples of the bookmaking craft in its utmost refinement ; they are to take the place of the cheapest trappings that ever enmeshed immortal thought. END-PAPER DESIGN ALICE B. WOODWARD. An experiment in connection with the issue of these books may be cited, in that it shows the merit of the work more clearly than any mere statement. Mr. Bell took the pages of his edition of “ Poe’s Tales,” and printed a number of copies on large paper, the same stock being used. In these volumes he inserted a series of illustrations from pen-drawings by Alice B. Woodward; added a decorative end-paper; bound in black antique boards with a rather elaborate cover-stamp ; and sells the resulting de luxe edition for $2 per copy. This book is not, perhaps, worthy of notice as a real de luxe edition; it is not FROM “TALES OF MYSTERY AND IMAGINATION.” materially better than the regular Unit volume — only larger and more ornate; but many worse books have been issued under as pretentious a name, and at as high a price. In one other respect these books deserve praise above their class : their text is as nearly accurate as one may expect of any book, and they are edited in a sincere, interesting and unacademic way. Notes, biographies and all such addenda are new and to the purpose ; in fact, they are intelligent enough to convert one from the fixed opinion that all such excrescences are dry-rot by nature and intent. Yet in this estimable undertaking there is still room for improvement. The machine composition is rather trying in places; and particularly the lower-case f of the font employed needs revision. The cloth bindings are good, but the leather ones will bear watching. And we hope that the series will soon find such prosperity that the publisher will be able to cut 220 THE INLAND PRINTER down what must now represent his most valuable advertising — the statement of his case that is printed and bound in every Unit book. # * In “ Robert Cavalier,” by William Orcutt Dana, A. C. McClurg & Co. bring out a novel which may well serve as an example to printers of fiction. Leaving the story out of account, the setting given it by the publishers is a good study in the style of bookmaking that serves the purpose, and in so doing deserves unusual praise. It is not to be expected that the printer of a novel will adhere to any of the classic styles; it is his business to put up the copy in a form that has some tinge of novelty, and is at the same time pleasing to the reader. He need not sacrifice typographical dignity altogether, even though he is permitted to indulge in more elaboration than the severest standard per¬ mits. On these counts, “Robert Cavalier” is worthy of attention. Mechanically, the work is finely executed. The presswork is clean and even, the illustrations admirably handled (they are black-and-tint insets from charcoal drawings by Charlotte Weber), and the type — a Scotch old style — is perfectly in keeping with the general motive. The chapter headings by Frederick Garrison Hall are specially pleasing: bits of design in the Louis XIV. period, varied with more symbolic decora¬ tions, delicately rendered and lettered in harmony with the body type. These headings show a finer artistic quality than the illustrations themselves; in fact, so fully in keeping are they that the larger pictures become almost an intrusion. As for the novel itself, it has no such claims to our con¬ sideration. It is a careful but pale biography of the Sieur de la Salle, cast by sheer force into the mold of fiction. Where it deals with history, it is written with strength and reserve. Where it departs into the fields of the imagination, it dabbles in commonplaces. There is no touch of humor, save that when one character speaks anything less highflown than usual, he is immediately warned against jesting by his interlocutor. Most of the people converse in devious relative clauses, except the Indians, who alternately grunt and harangue, after the manner of their kind, in fiction. The situations which seem woven for dramatic purposes have a trick of turning out without being dramatic at all, the only one which approaches success being concluded in a very usual manner, and by physical violence. There are numerous elements which seem necessary to the historical novel of the day: The wicked and treacherous brother; the Jesuit’s curse; the mutiny of the wicked fol¬ lowers ; the Indian, grateful-and-faithful-unto-death ; the hero¬ ine’s rescue in the Indian attack; in fact, all the regular wares of the romance author — with a little less than his customary skill. It is all an example of the topsy-turvy condition whereby every one who touches the book over¬ shadows the author; for none of the conspicu¬ ous merits of the production are of his making. # # From the literary department of D. Apple- ton & Co. we receive a thin volume entitled “ Of the Making of a Book ; a few technical suggestions intended to serve as aids to authors.” It is pleasantly printed, bound in gray boards and embellished with Shakespear¬ ean quotations. The text is one which should have a wide circulation, among rural authors especially, and should earn the gratitude of editors and pub¬ lisher’s readers. It tells in detail how to prepare a manuscript for the publisher; how to mark proofs and why they should be returned immediately; and what happens to the book after it leaves the writer’s hand. If you are an author, it will also give you a hint about why your royalties are exceeded by your revision charges, and such other matters as you may deem important. While such a book may seem specially suited to the district just east of Illinois, there can be no doubt that it has a mission in other quarters. We recommend it to publishers as well, since it serves as a model for books of like character, being so arranged and indexed that the reader can locate any given subject at a moment’s need. The Inland Printer is in receipt of a volume entitled “The Historic Book; A Tale of Two Worlds and Five Centuries,” published by the Ancient and Honorable Artillery Com¬ pany, of Boston, under the direction of Captain J. Stearns Davis. The work was privately printed at the Nor¬ wood Press as a souvenir of the meeting of the Honourable Artillery Company of London with the Ancient and Honorable Company THE INLAND PRINTER 221 of Boston, in 1903. The text includes the rolls of the companies, their officers, etc., and a historical sketch of both organizations. As a piece of bookmaking it is very elab¬ orate, printed in red, black and a warm gray tint. The text is set in a large old style face, and the margins are decorated with sketches of arms, costumes and general material relating to the history and times of the two companies. A photo¬ gravure frontispiece, showing portraits of Henry VIII., Gov¬ ernor Winthrop, Edward VII. and President Roosevelt, is included. The binding is in blue cloth, stamped in gold. The edition is limited to twenty-five hundred copies. While the volume is in many respects a sumptuous piece of work, it might be better adapted to its purpose as a souvenir CffAPTER III;;. THEFUGITIYE BECOMES A : | AOYAGERUPQIY TRANGE‘SEAS^ HEADING FROM “ROBERT CAVALIER.” maiden. They are saved from the massacre, the lady being captured. The imperturbable hero rescues her a few times more. There are miraculous rescues by the other members of the cast; the Frenchman’s deserted wife turns up among the Indians, and rescues him, removing him, at the same time, from the race for the hand of the heroine. At the end, John Wayland takes the heroine home to his folks, and every¬ body is happy except the few who are unfortunately dead. The heroine of course turns out to be — enough! You know the story. And throughout its course the Indian fights are scattered thick and strong. All men are brave; all women beautiful ; all scouts crafty and everybody preternaturally wise in woodcraft, in assertion at least. The Indians furnish nearly all the thrills, and, as usual when they appear in fiction, a good share of the amusement. They grunt, are passive like bronze statues, compress their thin lips with cunning, and address assemblies in Biblical elo¬ quence, omitting the particles. But if one can not accept the storied Indian as one finds him, there is nothing for it but skepticism. A real Indian would never do. We recommend this story to all who care for this kind of a book ; it is a dis¬ tant cousin to Deerslayer, and a direct descendant of the Jibbenainosay. * ® if a more stable sort of paper had been used; stock of the nature of that chosen, being heavily loaded with earths and not particularly strong in fiber, is not well adapted to with¬ stand the ravages of time. Also the matter used in the mar¬ gins might have been brought within the plan of the book in J CHAPTER VII ■. ■ AN-ATTEMPT ' IS -'MADE ; TO ‘MIX; OI L -AND ‘‘WATER HEADING FROM “ROBERT CAVALIER.” some other manner, preserving the integrity of the luxurious margins, and at the same time omitting nothing of vital interest now shown in the sketches. # & The McClurg Company brings out a novel of the Fort Dearborn massacre, written by Randall Parrish, entitled, “ When Wilderness Was King.” It is published in a format similar to the romances by Miss Liljencrantz brought out by the same house, and is evidently marked, at least so far as the publishers are concerned, for popularity. The type is an Old Style Antique, large illustrative initials being used at the chapter heads ; these initials tell the story clearly enough, but are for the most part without decorative value. The illustrations are in full color, from paintings by the Kinneys ; their introduction striking a note distinctly for¬ eign to the suggestion of the type. They are artificial in color and rather less interesting than the pictures the same illus¬ trators made for the Norse romances above mentioned. But it is probable that they make for salability, even as a title of this sort is superstitiously supposed to do. The story of “ When Wilderness Was King ” is about what one would expect to find it; which is, in books of this gen¬ eral nature, a virtue. It narrates in the first person the mis¬ sion of one John Wayland to Fort Dearborn, where he arrives a few days before the evacuation and massacre. . On the way he rescues a beautiful maiden and meets an eccentric French gallant who afterward becomes his rival for the favor of the Mr. John T. McCutcheon’s thriving village of Bird Center has at last found a place between covers. The book, under the title of “Bird Center Cartoons,” has just been published by A. C. McClurg & Co., and is attaining popularity according to its deserts, in spite of the competition of thousands of scrap¬ books up and down the land. The volume contains thirty-three of the full-size cartoons, representing an equal number of Bird Center’s most distin- BIRD CENTER CARTOON. By John T. McCiitcheon. guished social events; there is also a wealth of the smaller drawings, not less amusing, and portraits of every member of the multitudinous, cast of characters. The text is set in two columns, bordered by torn strips of the adjoining copy. The difference in color between the type and the zinc etchings with 222 THE INLAND PRINTER which the border clippings are reproduced gives to the page the characteristic appearance of the country journal. After a reading and examination of Bird Center, one can not fail to be more or less discontented with the ordinary run of fiction. Mr. McCutcheon’s dual medium permits some really remarkable achievements. In the thirty-three episodes given he has introduced about forty characters, counting the sweethearts of Riley Peters. At least twenty-five of these characters are as clearly presented and visualized as the three or four leading characters in the average novel ; it is a game of wholesale individualization. And the incidents themselves, if narrated in plain prose, would fill volumes, even if stripped of much significant detail. It is true that the plot does not cohere as a novel should; but certainly many novels have attained success with even more rambling aims. And the economy of time and space is in itself an unusual virtue, not often to be met in fiction. If fiction is to be regarded — as some high authorities would r as a record of manners, Bird Center is a notable piece of fiction. But to consider it so is to divert The work was done as journalism; and , finally, as caricature of the most health¬ ful and humorous kind. .The influence of Mr. McCutcheon’s cartoons has been so pronounced and he has already so many followers in his pro¬ fession that any comment on his technical performance must be superfluous. He has brought into fashion the Cartoon Innocuous; and in the hands of his imitators it usually be¬ comes the Cartoon Inane. It is true that the daily paper will not find the opinions of men molded to any perceptible degree by work of the Bird Center sort. It is, by the standard of the older and more violent school of cartoonists, simply a scheme for a series of fillers, not superior, in motive at least, to the everlasting game of hide-and-seek which the comedians of the press play with the weather. Its quality justifies it, even when its satirical phase is left out of account. Workmen in every branch of the printing and allied trades are requested to file their names, addresses and qualifications on THE INLAND PRINTER’S list of available employes. Reg¬ istration fee, $1. Name remains on list and is sent to all inquirers for three months; privilege of renewal without further charge. Employers are invited to call upon us for competent help for any department. List furnished free. Spec¬ ification blanks on request. Enclose stamp when inquiring for list of available employes. Address, The Inland Printer Company, Chicago. The following list of books is given for the convenience of readers. Orders may be sent to The Inland Printer Company. Punctuation. — By John Wilson. For letter-writers, authors, print¬ ers, and correctors of the press. Cloth, $i. Pens and Types. — By Benjamin Drew. A book of hints and helps for those who write, print, teach or learn. Cloth, $1.25. Bigelow’s Handbook of Punctuation gives full information regard¬ ing punctuation and other typographical matters. Cloth, 50 cents. English Compound Words and Phrases.— By F. Horace Teall. A reference list, with statement of principles and rules. Cloth, $2.50. Punctuation.— By F. Horace Teall. Rules have been reduced to the fewest possible, and useless theorizing carefully avoided. Cloth, $1. A Matter of Personal Choice. — A. M. S., Vineland, New Jersey, writes: “Would like you to settle the question as to which of these two sentences is correct: ‘Wanser pre¬ eminence in clothing.’ ‘Wanser’s preeminence in clothing.’ I passed a job as per copy without the apostrophe, which I hold is perfectly proper.” , Answer. — I can not settle this question. Either form is correct, according to personal pref¬ erence. In printing a job it certainly is perfectly proper to follow copy. Sunday Scholars. — L. R. W., Youris, Manitoba, Canada, writes: “ Is it wrong to use the term ‘Sunday scholars’? I was correcting a proof to-day in which it occurred, and the word ‘ Sunday ’ was marked to be changed to ‘ S. S.’ It seems THE INLAND PRINTER 223 awkward to talk of Sunday-school scholars.” Answer. — It is to be supposed that the one who ordered the change preferred the fuller expression, and if it was done by an editor or by a person in authority, of course no objection should be made. “ Sunday scholar,” however, is not wrong, though it would not be easy to find authority for it, as it is not a common term. It is a good and convenient form for avoidance of the tauto- phonic and cacophonic quality of the full expression. Questions. — R. S. B., Boston, Massachusetts, writes : “ I wish to ask your opinion on a point that apparently has some authority on both sides. In an inquiry that is virtually an imperative should the period or interrogation-point be used? For example, ‘ Will you please send these goods at once ’ (. or ?).” Answer. — Such sentences are almost always written with the period, thus giving this form the apparent authority of custom; but this seems to be the only authority on that side. All authorities on punctuation say that a ques¬ tion must end with an interrogation-point. Now, many sen¬ tences like the one instanced are so worded as a matter of politeness as to remove the imperative phase from the expres¬ sion, even if not from the intent. The wording used makes them questions, and the point appropriate to the construction is the right one to use. May the suggestion also be made that “ authority on each side ” is what should be said instead of “ on both sides ” ? A Disputed Possessive. — J. W. McL., Newark, New Jer¬ sey, opens the way to a long and unprofitable discussion, as follows : “ Can you put us straight on the following use of the possessive? ‘It will result in the application’s being held in abeyance.’ Are the apostrophe and j correctly used in the case cited above, or should they be used before the participle only when ambiguity would result without their use?” Answer. — Any one who will read the observations on pages 504 to 509 of Goold Brown’s “ Grammar of English Gram¬ mars ” will easily perceive a reason for absention from dog¬ matic decision in this case, and that full discussion of it is hardly feasible here. The sentence as quoted is defensible according to the decision of many grammarians, and inde¬ fensible according to many others. It is very fortunate that we are not obliged to frame our sentences in consonance with the ruling of grammarians, at least in such matters. The personal preference of the one who is asked to answer this question favors the use of some other construction of the sentence, but he finds nothing very objectionable in the form used. Anglomania. — The April Bookman has a letter as fol¬ lows : “ ‘ Fools rush in where angels fear to tread,’ likewise ignorant readers crave information that more fortunate ones do not need. Therefore, I am asking, solely for enlighten¬ ment, if it is no longer correct to spell such words as ‘ analyze ’ and ‘ realize ’ with a ‘ z ’ ? In the current issues of The Bookman I observe that the letter ‘ s ’ is used entirely in those words and their derivatives. Now please do not open, for my benefit, the vials of your sarcasm, however good- natured it may be, for I am entirely sincere in my display of ignorance.” Its answer is : “ The answer is that, in general, we prefer the mode of spelling which prevails in England. Sometimes the compositors run a little ahead of us and insert an ‘s'’ where even the English use a ‘ z ’ ; but we don’t mind that. It is an error on the right side, and offsets the excesses of Fonetik Refawrmers.” Professor Peck, who wrote the answer, is not alone in this matter among American writers and publishers. Anglomaniac spelling is very common now. A remarkable antithesis is found in the style-book of the University Press, Oxford, England. That style-book pre¬ scribes the contrary orthography — realize, brutalize, central¬ ize, etc. — -even to the inclusion of criticize, which is almost always spelled criticise, even in America. These spellings are the ones adopted by Dr. J. A. H. Murray for the New English Dictionary, and are very often used now in British print. So this particular Anglomania seems to be in process of becom¬ ing more distinctively an Americanism. Our Bad College Spelling. — Much is said in the papers about college English. The people within and without col¬ lege walls declare that students write badly. But there is a thing more fundamental than their poor English style; it is the matter of their spelling. Many college men, as proved by their essays, can not spell. They frequently make the mistake of transforming writing into writfing, and of dining into din¬ ning — an echo probably of the noise of a college dining¬ room. But poor spelling is not confined to college students. College professors are not free from the blame. A letter lies before the writer in which the distinguished head of a most important department in an American college declared that a certain candidate, whom he has recommended, is competant. A New England college professor has recently said that in making applications for a place in English several candidates wrote of the salary. Of course, also, a man may lack culture and spell correctly. Spelling is more or less a matter of an arbitrary bit of knowledge. But whatever may be the psycho¬ logical relations of the art, the schools should teach boys and girls to spell. By incorrect spelling the higher ranges of learning are rendered less impressive. — Leslie’s Weekly. If the professors and scientists would confine their bad spelling to the few kinds of errors shown above, the case would not be half as bad as it is. Some of them write tech¬ nical and scientific words with abominable errors in spelling, and cause a great deal of trouble thereby. The Split Infinitive Justified. — In his article on “‘To’ and the Infinitive,” in Harper’s Magazine for April, Professor Lounsbury sums up his argument decidedly in favor of this much discussed “ corruption ” : “ If men come seriously to believe that ambiguity can be lessened or emphasis increased by changing the order of words in any given phrase,” he says, “we may be sure that in time the habit of so doing will be adopted whenever it is deemed desirable. It is clear that most of those who now refrain from the practice under discussion no longer do so instinctively, as was once the case, but rather under compulsion. They refrain, not because they feel that it is unnatural or unidiomatic, but because they have been told that it is improper. Artificial bulwarks of this sort will never hold back long a general movement of speech. If the present attitude of men towards this particular usage con¬ tinues — -and of this there seems every likelihood — they can be relied upon to brush aside the objections of purists as sum¬ marily and as effectively as they have done in the case of the passive form is being. If they proceed so to do, no one need feel the slightest anxiety as to the injurious consequences which will befall the English tongue. It is not by agencies of this nature that the real corruption of speech is brought about. Were such the case, our language would have been already ruined any number of times and at any number of periods.” It is worth while to note, though, that Professor Louns¬ bury, in his article, did not once use a split infinitive. Did he refrain because he had been told that it was improper? It is still a fact that “ men come seriously to believe ” is better English than “ come to seriously believe.” A DELICATE SUBJECT. Madge. — Miss Autumn’s name was printed in the paper, but her age wasn’t mentioned. Marjorie. — Of course not. That girl’s age is unfit for publication. — Life. A WELCOME VISITOR. I am the only printer in the camp, forty miles from the railroad, and a copy of The Inland Printer will seem like a visit from one of the gang. — N. Warrington, Miner otHce, Pierce City, Idaho. 224 THE INLAND PRINTER BY JOHN S. THOMPSON. Communications relating to typesetting by machinery are invited. All queries received will be promptly answered in this department. Address, The Inland Printer Company, 120-130 Sherman street, Chicago. Workmen in every branch of the printing and allied trades are requested to file their names, addresses and qualifications on THE INLAND PRINTER’S list of available employes. Reg¬ istration fee, $1. Name remains on list and is sent to all inquirers for three months; privilege of renewal without further charge. Employers are invited to call upon us for competent help for any department. List furnished free. Spec¬ ification blanks on request. Enclose stamp when inquiring for list of available employes. Address, The Inland Printer Company, Chicago. The following list of books is given for the convenience of readers. Orders may be sent to The Inland Printer Company. Facsimile Simplex Keyboards. — Printed on heavy ledger paper. 15 The Mechanical Details of the Linotype, and Their Adjust¬ ment. — By Frank Evans, Linotype Machinist. $3, postpaid. The Linotype Operator's Companion. — A treatise on how to oper¬ ate and care for the Linotype machine. By E. J. Barclay. $1, postpaid. Correct Keyboard Fingering. — By John S. Thompson. A pamphlet of 16 pages, containing a system of fingering the Linotype keyboard for the acquirement of speed in operating, with diagrams and practice lists. Stubb’s Manual. — By William Henry Stubbs, holder of speed record. A practical treatise on Linotype keyboard manipulation. Should be in the possession of every operator with an ambition to become a “swift.” Cloth, 39 pages, $1. e Linotype Keyboards. — An exact reproduction of the latest riotype keyboard, showing position of small-caps, etc. Printed -—'1 stock. Location of keys and “ motion ” learned by 1 these facsimiles. Ins The Mechanism of latest and best work on on the installation, oper published. This i; and the Operatoi Fully illustrated. dsfon of\h< - — e attached, giving full infor- s, postpaid. rPE. — By John S. Thompson. The . A complete and practical treatise ire ot the Linotype, for the novice be found in any work heretofore series of articles, “ The Machinist peared in The Inland Printer. $1.30, postpaid. DO NOT FORGET That line delivery carriage is returned by cam action. That the cam roller has an eccentric pin which adjusts the return stroke on the old machines. That a split hub performs this office on the new style. That moving the roller nearer to the cam surface will return carriage further. That vise must not be opened when mold is forward on its locking pins. That mold disk is disconnected by lever in pump bracket. That the mold guard attached to face plate is to prevent springing of back jaw of first elevator when slug is being withdrawn from matrices. That the guard should be kept in place while machine is in To remove the guard before disconnecting mold disk and pulling it forward. That mold slide and disk can be removed bodily after dis¬ connection by lowering vise to second position. That vise must not be lowered to second position except when first elevator is at its full down stroke. That mold wiper should be set so as to rest against mold when in normal position. That if a paste of graphite and oil is rubbed into felt of mold wiper, it will polish mold and prevent adhesion of metal. That this paste must be applied sparingly to prevent trans¬ ference to matrices. “Number 4,” called the Operator. “What’s the trouble?” asked the Machinist, waking from his dreamless sleep. “The little red wheel won’t go around,” replied the new operator, pointing to the assembler star-wheel. And the machinist fainted. An Eastern concern proposes to rebuild the broken walls of Linotype matrices by electro-deposition of copper. Dam¬ aged ears of matrices are also renewed. The Unitype Company has just shipped a Simplex machine to Juneau, Alaska, for the Evening Dispatch. An operator has gone with it to install the machine and operate it. One hundred and thirty-seven Linotypes were installed in printing-offices during the month of March. The largest ship¬ ments were to the new Hearst paper, the Boston American, which received twenty, while the Baltimore Sun added seven¬ teen to its plant to replace those destroyed by fire. Joseph F. Ryan, late with the Harris Press Company, has associated himself with the Lanston Monotype Company, with headquarters at Chicago, and will travel through the territory west of the Mississippi in the interest of the Mono¬ type. Mr. Ryan has a large acquaintance in the trade, having been salesman for the Mergenthaler Linotype Company for several years. A flux for cleaning metal is offered users of the Linotype in England. It is put up in the form of tablets which are circular in shape, fit under the plunger head and weigh about an ounce, and the method of employing them is to put one under the plunger head in the well of the pot when the metal is unsatisfactory. Twenty blank lines are recommended to be cast immediately after, when all the impurities contained in the metal itself and all foreign matter and incrustations will be swept out of the pot into the blanks cast. Thereafter good, solid slugs will be the result. Hollow Slugs. — F. K., New York city, writes: “I would like to ask the cause of hollow slugs. Inclosed you will find a sample. This seems to occur regularly. The only remedy I find is to change the plunger from one machine to another.” Answer. — The featherweight slugs sent were undoubtedly caused by an ill-fitting plunger in the pot-well. A loose plunger will allow the metal to escape around its sides when it descends to make the cast. Hollow slugs are also caused by the plunger being dirty or the hole near the bottom of the well which admits the metai beneath the plunger being stopped up. There should be sufficient ventage of the mouthpiece to allow the air in the mold cell to escape when metal enters, and throat of pot should be kept free from dross. The “Stringer” Composing Machine. — A new typesetting machine has been placed on exhibition in London. It is the invention of H. J. S. Gilbert-Stringer, an Australian journalist, but for several years located in London and associated with Frederick Wicks, another newspaper man, and inventor of the Wicks Rotary typecaster and Wicks composing machine. The “ Stringer ” machine assembles independent matrices, and is in reality an adaptation of either the Linotype or Monotype to its purpose. The line of matrices is assembled and there¬ after presented successively to the mold, where a single letter is cast from each matrix. . Justification is accomplished by introducing em quads between the words, the line being trans¬ ported to a milling cutter, which reduces each quad to the size necessary to justify the line, a calculating device controlling this feature. The machine is a small affair and by reason of the fact that it produces single types, which can be manipu¬ lated, instead of inflexible slugs, is creating great interest among English printers. Imaginary Troubles. — A. C. L., Lorain, Ohio, has figured that he is in trouble, and writes : “ Will you kindly give me the desired information in regard to the shearing off of the side of lower back ears of matrices being caused by the front lower distributor screw at the time when matrix leaves distributor-box lift. It is on a new machine, and, therefore, I FOURTH ANNUAL BENEFIT B. P. O. ELKS, LODGE No. 494 CHARLEROI, PA. SOUVENIR PROGRAM ¥ INSTITUTED MAY 24 1899 COYLE THEATER, TUESDAY & WEDNESDAY, MARCH 22-23 AND THREE TOWNS THEATER THURSDAY, MARCH 24, 1904 and - SOUVENIR PROGRAM FOURTH ANNUAL BENEFIT B. P. O. ELKS LODGE No. 494 Instituted May 24. 1899 CHARLEROI, PA. COYLE THEATER, TUESDAY & WEDNESDAY, MARCH 22-23 AND THREE TOWNS THEATER THURSDAY, MARCH 24, 1904 Example of Cover-page Composition Showing resetting of preceding cover page in which the type is not obscured by conflicting rule work, and illustrating the value of white space in giving force and expression to the display. Inland Printer Technical School INTERESTING FACTS ABOUT PEANUTS WITH INFORMATION AS TO PROPER FERTILIZATION COMPILED FROM DATA FURNISHED BY THE SECRETARY OF AGRICULTURE ISSUED BY THE ROCKBRIDGE LIME AND STONE COMPANY Lexington, Virginia Inland Printer Technical School Examples of Title-page Composition Established 1862 The Lewis Voight & Sons Company SEASON 19 0 4 316 to 322 John Street, Cincinnati Long Distance Phone 1907 Branch Office 918 Holland Building, St. Louis, Mo. Send all orders to Cincinnati office YORK GAS RANGES AND APPLIANCES CATALOGUE NUMBER 35. 1903 ABENDROTH BROS. PORT CHESTER, NEW YORK 109-111 BEEKMAN ST., NEW YORK CITY Example of Cover-page Composition. Inland Printer Technical School. Q. -o CD Q p4 < Technical School VIOLIN RECITAL MISS MARTHA DAYTON FRATERNAL HALL, APRIL 4, 1904 GIVEN BEFORE THE AMATEUR MUSIC CLUB YORK, NEBRASKA Inland Printer Technical School VIOLIN RECITAL BY MISS MARTHA DAYTON ' FRATERNAL HALL APRIL 4, 1904 YORK, NEB. ADMIT ONE GIVEN BEFORE THE AMATEUR MUSIC CLUB Jfourtt) Annual Concert of tf)e of 4l2e&ra0fta fecljool of 9£u0ic OLIVER THEATER JUNE 3, 1898 Examples of Program Titles and Admission Tickets jfourtl) Annual Concert ZHnfbersttg of 4l5ebra0fea &d)0ol of S@u0ic at tlie flDItber heater June 3, 1898 BY UNDERGRADUATES Established Seventeen Years The Henning Piano Nineteen Hundred and Four Henning Piano Company New York Example of Title-page Composition. Inland Printer Technical School. THE INLAND PRINTER 225 do not think distributor box can be set wrong, and everything else seems to be in best condition. It does not affect the thin matrices as much as the heavier ones. Enclosed you will find a sample matrix.” Anszver. — The matrix sent was one of the new style, the lower inside ear having been milled away on left-hand side of thick matrices, the object being to preserve dies from the blow otherwise received from incoming matrices while line is being assembled. Formerly the same ear was cut away on the bottom with the same object in view. The full¬ eared matrices, by striking against the thin walls of the dies while assembling lines caused the walls to be battered in and “ hair-lines ” was the result, this being partially overcome by the new method of making. Assembler and Line-delivery Carriage.- — Another opera¬ tor has trouble with the assembling and delivering devices and writes: “Just a query or two: (i) When the matrices reach the assembler, instead of standing erect they lean toward the star wheel, and those that follow either pile up on top or slide outside the one that dropped, thus making a transposition. What remedy would you suggest? Have put in new star cylinder strike the slugs lengthwise, the slugs get off their feet, one-half the form of matter pitched one way and the other half in the opposite direction. I would like to know where the trouble is, and if there is any remedy for this. I do not think it is the fault of the slugs, but can not convince the stone hands or pressmen that it is not. They, of course, condemn ‘ the machines.’ When they print forms with rollers and cylinder striking endwise, they have no trouble, the slugs standing on their feet and showing a clear impression on back of sheet, but with the form the other way, it shows the slugs ‘ off their feet ’ with a few impressions.” Anszver. — If slugs are perfectly true, they should not work “ off their feet,” no matter which way they lay on the press. Quite likely there is a variation of perhaps only a thousandth of an inch or so, but enough to cause them to give trouble when run parallel with the cylinder on the press. It is usually the left-hand knife which is not set close enough to the slug to trim off any over¬ hang of the face. Squirts, Etc. — H. A. W., St. Joseph, Michigan, has a variety of troubles,- and writes : “ (i) I am having some Mis: w. WILLIAMS, soula, Montana. Toronto, Canada. H. A. SPRAGUE, Minneapolis, Minn. GRADUATES MACHINE COMPOSITION BRANCH, INLAND PRINTER TECHNICAL SCHOOL, HOLDING SITUATIONS ON LINOTYPES IN CITIES NAMED. wheel without effect. (2) When the line-delivery carriage returns after delivering a line to the elevator, it does not go back far enough for the second catch to hold it, but slides back into the safety catch. Have put new packing in pump and tried other remedies.” Anszver. — (1) Examine the hooks on the assembler box entrance and see that they are not rounded off. Then adjust the assembler slide brake so that it holds firmly as the incoming matrices crowd it to the left. The corners of the brake must be sharp and the slide free from oil, while the adjusting screw should not touch the releasing lever, but stand clear of it normally. (2) When the line- delivery carriage or any other part of the machine does not perform its functions properly, do not experiment, but sit down and study. If it does not come back and there is no obstruction in its path, follow up the connecting levers to the cam that actuates it. If in the old-style machine, the spring plate which connects the carriage to the lever behind the face¬ plate may be bent and not hold the parts together tightly. Then the cam which moves the carriage should be examined to see if it has slipped on the cam shaft — it sometimes does, but can be easily pulled back as far as it will come and the set-screw tightened again. If this is not the case, set the eccen¬ tric-pin in the roller which rests on the cam so the carriage will be brought further back on its return, or if the latest model machine, loosen the split hub and adjust the lever bodily, moving it a trifle closer to the cam to bring carriage farther back. Slugs Give Trouble in Pressroom. — D. J. S., Connecti¬ cut, writes: “T have measured the slugs from my machine and they are perfectly true on all four corners, top and bottom, but when they lock a form on the press so that the rollers and 2-5 trouble with mouthpiece on my machine. Every time a line is cast there is a squirt of metal from behind the mouthpiece at right-hand end. It was put in last summer and worked all right until about ten days ago, when it commenced to squirt. The only way I can work the machine is to put a tin shield back of mold wheel to catch the drip and prevent it from squirting back of ejector slide and rim of wheel. (2) Am troubled some by last letters on line not falling down to proper place when assembler elevator is raised to deliver line. Last letter will stick up and catch when it leaves assembler, and has to be pushed down by hand or else will go through and make a black letter. Matrices are clean and otherwise work all O. K. Took matrix buffer out, which helped it some. (3) Quite often, in casting a black-face line, the tail of descending letters will be cut off, and sometimes the lower part of some of the other letters will be jammed.” Anszver. — (1) If the leakage of metal comes from behind the mouthpiece, it must be that in replacing the mouthpiece there has been failure to make a tight joint with the lips of the crucible. The parts should be thoroughly cleaned before mouthpiece is replaced and the edges coated with Dixon’s Pipe Joint Compound or red lead or graphite mixed with glycerin. If the squirt is between mouthpiece and mold, the former must be trued up to fit the latter. (2) If matrices do not enter assembler, it is because assembler star is worn out and needs replacing. (3) Tails of letters will be damaged if first elevator rises more than a thirty-second of an inch when making alignment of matrices. Practical Suggestions. — -The following suggestions are submitted by an Eastern operator-machinist : “ I have found that the very best thing to clean spacebands, mold and pot mouthpiece with is the mold polish sold by the Mergenthaler 226 THE INLAND PRINTER Company. The dry graphite I use to polish matrices with, according to your directions. 1 wonder if all the boys know that the best way to light the gas under the metal pot is to hold the lighted match over the chimney of the pot? One of the machinists from the factory showed me a good idea : When you disconnect the reeds without previously locking the verges, you can instantly replace them (the verges) by inserting the lower locking rod (the one that looks like a bayonet, which Mergenthaler put in to enable the operator to kill himself with in case he couldn’t make the thing go) underneath, and giving it a half-turn. There was an article in a printers’ magazine a short time ago, advising that Linotypes should be A “ Human ” Machine. — Out in Oregon they do strange things and have curious experiences, as the following narration by a correspondent will verify: “We appear to have a few Linotype maladies here which have not been heretofore chron¬ icled in your columns since I broke into the business. Our Lino, is new, ditto one of our men — at least so far as machine work is concerned. His troubles, in chronological order, were something after this fashion : First day — He ‘ started up,’ cast one slug and got ‘ a beauty,’ so he said. Then the impu¬ dent thing not only went out of business and refused to cast another line, but actually began to ‘ stick out its tongue ’ at him. Being a patient, good-tempered man, however, he curbed FORWARD SUPERPOSED TURRETS OF THE KENTUCKY IN ACTION. completely taken apart (a bit at a time) and cleaned at least once a year. What do you think of the plan? I, for one, wouldn’t have the nerve to tackle a job like that while the machine was turning out a regular supply of work.” Answer. — The scheme spoken of for restoring verges is carried into practical effect in the Model 3 Linotype (pica machine), in which a rod is mounted eccentrically and used in a similar manner to lock the verges instead of running a wire lock above the rear pawl. There is no more occasion to take a Linotype all apart at regular intervals to clean it than any other machine, and to do so is evidence of incompetency. Some parts should be cleaned daily, others monthly, some semi-annually, and some “ semi-occasionally.” Experience justifies the statement that the fewer adjustments the average Linotypist “monkeys” with the less cause he has for regret. When parts become dirty, clean them. Do not get a morbid longing to dissect the machine and polish its vitals. It will probably need something more than cleaning before the job is completed. his rising ire and tried it again. Same result — the pesky thing ‘ stuck its tongue out ’ in his very face, and apparently grinned with glee at his discomfiture. This was worse than the limit, even of good nature, and explanations had to be sought. Second day — Same gentleman ‘ started up.’ Every¬ thing went lovely for a bit, when lo ! and behold, all at once the i’s began to run to the n(o)se and all he could do to wipe out the difficulty was of no avail — the i’s persisted in running into his n(o)se. An explanovitch had to be consulted. Third day — On beginning operations this day, not content with sticking out its tongue at him, the measly thing actually had the impudence to spit in his face ! Did anybody in all the his¬ tory of printerdom ever have such a trying experience before? I have often heard the remark that the Linotype was ‘almost human,’ but never knew of a case, except in this latest model of ours, when it was actually claimed that it expectorated, stuck out its tongue and ran at the n(o)se. If there is any¬ thing of the like on record, please inform me, also the remedy.” THE INLAND PRINTER 227 Answer. — The Linotype is “ human ” in many respects and must be treated accordingly. If it spits, the mouth is not true and needs a dressing. If the mouth leaks, the lips of the crucible must be closed. Wipe the mouth frequently and keep the throat clear of dross. Open the jaws wide when sending in pi and do not neglect to feed the pigs to the pot. The matrices, being of the female gender, need close watching to prevent them going where they should not. Their teeth must be in good order and their ears kept clean, while their faces should be scrutinized frequently for traces of “ hair-lines,” or “ whiskers.” High Slugs. — An operator-machinist in an Illinois town writes : “ What causes slugs, when set to twenty ems or wider, to be .003 of an inch higher on right end than on left. When I make test as to lock-up it seems that the mold binds one end of paper tightly, while the other end is loose. Have been get¬ ting first-rate slugs so far as looks of top and bottom is con¬ cerned, but when a forty-em job compounded of twenty-em slugs end to end is put on press, it requires a thickness of print paper to overcome white streak down the middle.” 'Answer. — High slugs are ordinarily caused by accumulation of metal on back or face of mold. Metal will sometimes adhere to the right-hand locking pin in vise, or on mold-disk bushings, and so prevent disk locking tightly against matrices and making slug just so much higher. It may be that one of the vise locks is loose, and so allows vise to spring away from mold when disk comes forward. These locks have a collar threaded on their rear ends which can be tightened. Pointers by a Graduate. — Not the least gratifying of the results obtained by the managers of the Inland Printer Tech¬ nical School are the letters written by its graduates who have been started on a career through its agency. One of those who has a bright future has written the following : “ I am up here for a couple of weeks on a morning paper. I have aver¬ aged $100 monthly since graduating from the school, mostly subbing in San Francisco. The ‘ boys ’ all know me as one of your graduates and many of them have worked alongside of me. Several admit that I have got it down fine because my type comes up easily and naturally. I relax my muscles when I operate, letting the chair hold me, and with my mind clear, just keep my eyes on the copy and ‘print’ along, holding my eyes a word or two ahead of my fingers. Proofs are mostly O. K. and an out is unknown when machine is working right and copy is legible and easily followed. Hanging the elevator is a matter of discipline, combined with presence of mind, but it is unwise to pound away under a severe strain and hang it ; easily or not at all. Dirty proofs are born of nervous hammer¬ ing and anxious pounding — everything else being all right. The natural student of the Linotype who applies himself con¬ scientiously and honestly at the school, obeying instructions implicitly without straining every nerve, will soon be heard from. I have a reserve force of speed that is a source of pleasure to me and later may prove profitable. The Linotypist who ‘ sweats ’ over his work is using up daily all his reserve and is a candidate for a warmer climate. Artificial speed is not lasting, but genuine, natural speed will increase itself daily, and is dependent on familiarity with the keyboard and practice. The ‘blank’ keyboards at the Technical School are invaluable. Mr. Le Roy, a printer of this city, is an expert typewriter. His work is marvelously rapid and accu¬ rate. All the keys on his typewriter are blank — made to order. The boxes of the printers’ case are not labeled, neither are the keys and sounders of musical instruments. The operator who leans on the stamp upon the keys for their location would be all at sea on a Linotype keyboard the keys of which were not stamped. The secret of speed and accuracy lies at this point ; and a thorough, intimate, familiar knowledge of the location of the keys so they may be automatically manip¬ ulated is essential to the Linotypist. It would be very wise to have one machine at your school with keyboard blank. Your pupils wpuld be so rapid at the end of their term that you would soon have many more scholars than you could handle. In this way the memory is trained to hold up its end and the operator needs only to pay attention consciously to his copy. His training at your school has given him the faculty of cooperating naturally with the machine, so' that he knows at all times just what to do.” Instructions for Printer-machinists. — The increasing use of machinery in the composing-room makes necessary the acquisition by the printer of a mechanical knowledge unneces¬ sary some few years ago. With the introduction of typesetting machines came the practical machinist, with his kit of drills, files, gauges and other tools, the use of which was a profound mystery to the printer. With his ready wit, however, the printer man was not slow to adapt himself to his new situation, and many soon acquired a smattering of the proper handling of the machinist’s tools. That additional instructions would be appreciated is evidenced by numerous letters received at this office, of which the following is a sample. Agreeably to the demand for simple rules for the guidance of printers in the handling of problems of this kind, there will be published in this department, from time to time in the future, hints and suggestions of this nature. The assistance of. practical machin¬ ists and others is invited. “ Having looked in vain through all the machinists’ books in the public library for a description of the mode of soldering brass, I write to ask you if you will kindly explain how it is done in the Machine Department of The Inland Printer. I am entirely ignorant on the subject — do not know the first thing about it — and would be very grateful for a simple and complete explanation, if it would not encroach too much on the rights of others, including your own time. I think that many Linotype men need a great deal of instruction on the machinist’s end of their work, and, as it is almost impossible for some of them to get it at the bench, The Inland Printer is a veritable boon to those who do not know it all.” Answer. — Soldering, whether of brass or other- metal, is accomplished by the following method : The parts to be united are thoroughly scraped, filed or otherwise cleaned, to remove scale or foreign substances. Muriatic acid, diluted by dissolving in it as much zinc as it will absorb, is then swabbed over the parts and the solder applied with a heated copper, called an “iron,” to each of the pieces before joining, in order to “ tin ” them. If the parts are small, they can then be placed together and a hot “ iron ” placed upon them, when they will unite by the cohesion of the “ tinned ” surfaces. This is called “sweating” the parts. If the parts to be united be large, additional solder must be applied, both before and after the parts are joined. Care must be taken to thoroughly heat the joint in either case, so- as to cause the solder to adhere firmly all over the surface. The “ iron ” itself requires atten¬ tion. Its surface must also be “ tinned ” with solder. If over¬ heated, this will be burned off. The heat is tested by holding the “ iron ” near the cheek. A mild heat only is required ; it should not become red-hot. To retin the soldering iron, some workmen use a common clay brick to polish the copper and then heat it and rub it in powdered rosin scattered over the brick, at the same time holding the solder, against the hot “ iron ” so as to tin all sides of it. Others use the “ cut ” muriatic acid and rub the “ iron ” into the stick of solder, after thoroughly cleaning or filing the surface. Pump and Metal Trouble. — One feature which appeals to graduates of the Inland Printer Technical School is the fact that, by keeping in touch with their instructors at all times, they have the advantage of expert advice in overcoming troubles they may meet in erecting and caring for plants of Linotypes. Graduates are coached and instructed in their daily work, and letters to the school asking for information in order to overcome difficulties are promptly answered. For the information of others this correspondence is later pub¬ lished in The Inland Printer. A query recently received is 228 THE INLAND PRINTER as follows : “ I have another problem, which I beg pi you to solve. This time it is the pump. It seems to get twisted and its free action and sometimes its full stroke is therefore pre¬ vented. At times it does not throw out sufficient metal to cast a whole line. Again, as the machine is a new one, the pin which connects the pump to pump lever will slip out and a cast is prevented in that way. The pump, at its connection to the pump lever, seems to be rubbing, and a queer noise keeps •me uneasy all day. Another trouble : In order to secure good slugs, I must at least, once a day clean out the vents. Our metal is melted and cleaned with flux, the same as we used at the school, and I am sure it is done right. What can this be? Is it from bad metal? Your last information regarding spacebands twisting in line-transfer channel was followed, which is O. K. now and for which I am very thankful.” Answer. — The trouble with the plunger is that dirt and oxid have gathered in the pivot connection between the plunger in the metal pot and the rod, and when the pot swings forward the rod remains rigid and pulls itself out of connec¬ tion with the lever, the spring wire being placed there for such emergencies. With this yielding connection, whenever the plunger or pivot becomes dirty and the rod remains rigid, when the pot moves forward, the spring yields and disconnects the plunger rod. Otherwise, the plunger might bind in the well and, as the pot rises, cause the pot-lever roller to leave the cam, and, as happens in many instances, allow it to fall to the cam again before the pot is tightly locked against the mold, causing a small amount of metal to be ejected, which prevents a lock-up and a much larger “ squirt ” follows. The plunger should be removed and cleaned daily and a drop of oil put on the pivotal connection, to lubricate it. Attention to this will probably remove the second cause of trouble — bad casts. In fluxing the metal, however, too much flux should not be used and care should be taken to see that the temper¬ ature is above the normal — between 550 and 600 degrees. It should only be used in the smelting furnace and not in the machine metal pots. Experience Versus Instruction. — That a printer without previous experience in Linotype work can in six weeks be instructed in the mechanism of that machine and made more competent to take charge of it than many of long experience with nothing but hard knocks to guide them, is daily proven by graduates of the Inland Printer Technical School. A recent graduate took a position in an office employing one of the other kind of operator-machinists, and writes of his experience : “ The first thing I discovered when I saw this machine was that the pump-stop was off entirely. Told the ‘ machinist-op.’ I thought that was very bad business, and he promised to put it back on, but has not done so as yet. I fancy it was out of adjustment and was giving trouble, and that was the reason he took it off. This, by the way, seems to be his mode of procedure throughout, as every few days I find something that belongs to the machine lying promiscuously around the house. Yesterday one of the printers picked up something off the floor and said, ‘ What is it? ’ ‘ Oh, that belongs in the first elevator,’ I replied. The guard-block just above the mold disk is off, as also is the guide-block on head of first elevator. I think there must be a lot of ‘ lost oil holes ’ here, for I can not back the machine by pulling on cam No. I, and whenever that operation is necessary I have to go to the clutch. The surfaces of the cams are dry as bones, also the slides on first elevator ; it takes a Samson to pull out the mold disk — in fact, the only thing I have found with oil on it is the distributor clutch. The vent in air chamber is closed entirely, and a stick of cord-wood is placed between the cap and frame of machine, presumably to keep it from being blown off. Of course, you will readily understand that the line delivery goes to left with a move¬ ment resembling a snail’s gallop. Yesterday the line-delivery carriage failed to return to lock. The operator knew what was wrong, but just to try me out, asked me what was the matter, and I told him I thought the split hub had slipped. Very well — but when he went to adjust it, he began screwing on the transfer carriage hub. Then I got back at him and told him he was playing with the wrong one. My instructions are not to make any adjustments, and I certainly will not unless I get tied up so I have to. One day, in changing from brevier thirteen ems to pica, my friend seemed to know that the font distinguisher had to be moved, so he proceeded — -turning first one way and then the other, and finally had to take the box down to get it set right. He cast a slug, and wondered why the face overhung. He hadn’t changed the liners. Well, I might continue my story for some time, but have said enough to give an idea of the experiences I have had up to date. The machine here is one of the new style, two-letter, has the new pump spring and has an arrangement which raises the justification bar when closing the vise, which has to be done by hand on most machines. Machine has been used eighteen months, but you would think it had been eighteen years by looking at it.” A letter from another graduate is in a similar vein : “ They have three machines in this office, and they run fairly well now, but when I started they were something fierce. They had a new machinist every month, and each left them a little worse than he found them. The machinist who was there when I started was a ‘ peach.’ He would not let me open the vise to clean off the back of the mold disk, yet he did not know how to oil the machine. The first night I called on him to fix the line-delivery carriage, which did not come back prop¬ erly to lock — only coming to the first notch. He adjusted that by bending the pin on assembler elevator so that it would strike the pawl. He looked at that pin for a long time trying to find the screw, and after a while started to loosen the retaining plate screw. I showed him the proper screw and he said he knew that well enough. He then began to get nasty and make sarcastic remarks about schools in general. He said he’d been at the machine for eleven years ; if I do not know more than he does in half that time, I think I’ll give it up. Two weeks and he quit. The foreman told me to look after them till another machinist arrived, for my speed was not good enough for a day job, the which I did, making the changes, etc.” New Simplex Record. — -A new world’s record has been established for composition on the Simplex Typesetting Machine, by Messrs. M. C. McCabe, operator, and Lee Bridges, justifier, in the office of the Paducah Sun, of Paducah, Ken¬ tucky, they having set during the week ending Saturday, April 2, the large amount of 315,700 ems of matter, making a daily average of 52,617 ems. The greatest amount in one day set was 60,200 in 6^4 hours, and the greatest amount by the hour 9,800 ems. The type used was 8-point, and the average day’s work eight hours. recent patents on typesetting machinery. Low Metal Alarm. — G. L. Venable, New Brunswick, New Jersey. No. 754, 030. Linotype Spaceband. — W. R. Speechley, Broadheath, Eng¬ land, assignor to Mergenthaler Linotype Company, New York city. No. 754,619. Slug-cutting Attachment for Linotypes. — - E. B. Clark, Pittsburg, Pennsylvania, assignor to Imperial Machine Com¬ pany and S. B. Whinery, Pittsburg, Pennsylvania. No. 754,970. CERTAINLY IS WORTH IT. I am a great admirer of your most helpful and artistic journal, and never fail to buy a copy from your gentlemanly little agent every month. I consider The Inland the best and most helpful printers’ journal published, and would gladly pay twice the price asked for it if necessary, for it is certainly worth it. — Clarence Ward, Superintendent Recorder Publishing Company, Chicago. . THE INLAND PRINTER 229 balance, but the top and bottom lines should not crowd the margins so that the integrity of the page is impaired. The value of the panel rule border is lessened by placing the lines so close to it, losing the effect of contrast that a broad space of white will give when plac faces. In resetting this page (Fig. 2), the type has been clus¬ tered and set in a text-face, except the Greek letters, which more properly could be set in roman capitals. The panel page and make it agree in shape with the rule border. At "the same time it is not absolutely necessary, and the type would look just as well unadorned, because it possesses decorative features that the more precise roman faces do not have. is heavy, i on a title or cover page a line that indicates a general head is shown, and also the special subject of the book, the general head should be made subordinate to the special head, which is, in fact, the real title. Hence in Fig. 3 the display is awk¬ ward on account of the conflicting general title of the series A design that is not in accord with the best styles of commercial printing is shown in Fig. 5. It suggests by its appearance a label of some kind rather than a letter-head. The border is one entirely suitable for advertisements or labels, but not at all appropriate for the finer grades of work. Par¬ ticularly in one color, as shown, does the border conflict with the type. Although borders can not be absolutely condemned by good taste when used as adjuncts to stationery forms, yet they should be used with much discretion. Only the simpler designs should be used, and lighter in tone than the type for printing in one color. Greater freedom in selection can be allowed when printing is in two colors, but the heavy fanciful borders designed for ad. work should be avoided. The words 230 THE INLAND PRINTER in the small panel are rather overpowered by the rules and ornaments, above and below. The stricture in regard to rules applies with equal force to ornaments. Their use is expedient sometimes, but they should be unobtrusive, preferably lighter in appearance, so they do not conflict with the type. In the a a a a J ^ The LaGrange Reporter ^ SSSj ! T ** 3 ' *,'°° 1 [ PULLI"o££AWAY Printers j Fig. 5. resetting (Fig. 6) the ornament used to fill in space in the small panel does not interfere with the type. The rule-panel is used because it is the most desirable in one-color printing, and because it emphasizes the improvement in appearance its use gives over the type border shown in Fig. 5. Another MODERN PRINTING The LaGrange Reporter printers n '-“LlAWAT GE‘“ . . . J Fig. 6. error in the latter is the use of a final, letter in the middle of the word “ Reporter.” The type-faces used in the resetting are more .suitable for this class of work, although, of course, not possessed by every office, and type selection can not be criticized because conditions, of course, are unknown. In Fig. 7 is shown a title-page that errs in two particulars. One is a matter of display, the other of panel arrangement. National Electrical Machinery Catalogue No. 60 Alternating Current Machinery for Lighting, Power and Railway Service National Electric Company Milwaukee, U. S. A. Fig. 8. National Electrical Machinery Alternating Current Machinery Lighting, Power and Railway Service. ■National tElprtrir (Company Milwaukee, U. S. A. Fig. 7. The first fault is conflicting display. Rules of procedure allow only one person to speak at a time, and very justly, and this rule might be applied as an axiom of type display, that two lines can not be displayed on the same page without destroying the effectiveness of each. Another fault, referred to elsewhere, is the spreading of the lines in an apparent effort to cover all the space. In regard to the panel arrangement, the division into four sections is unnecessary, and produces in one place a confusion of cross rules that interferes with effective appear¬ ance by destroying the coherency of the design. When a panel form is divided into two or more sections, as shown, it is best to make the divisions between the sections less than the space between the inside panels and the outside rules. In any event, the space should never be more, which would destroy the oneness of the design. In Fig. 7 the second small panel from the top confers a chopped-up appearance on the page by being no larger inside than the space separating it from the panels on either side, thus confusing the eye. Cutting the space between the panels in half and adding it to the small panel would improve the design very much. As reset (Fig. 8), the error in display has been corrected by reducing the top lines many sizes, thus permitting the real title to be displayed. By clustering the three type divisions, giving plenty of space between, we help the panel arrangement in that case. In Fig. 7 this desired effect of the panel arrangement was nulli¬ fied by the spreading of the type matter, which prevented in a degree the distinction that the panel scheme would have given. By reducing the space between the panel divisions (Fig. 8) the integrity of the design is preserved. The job compositor should always regard white space as a valuable means of enhancing the appearance of the type display, and should also remember that to display does not mean to cover up a certain space with large and small type lines, indiscriminately arranged, but to cluster the different parts of the matter and THE INLAND PRINTER 231 Fig. 9. requirements of a good advertising sign. Sufficient contrast in display is wanting and the type is obscured by meaningless and unnecessary adornments. . The most important line on the card is embarrassed and its power minimized by the panel, rules and ornaments that hamper its best expression. The arrangement places the white space where it is not very effect¬ ive as a foil to the type, and, with the sizes of type used, the most simple and orderly arrangement should have been Cuisine and Service Unexcelled B. G. CAFE European Plan Bar Attached & HOTEL McMullan & Gulliver Proprietors Caters especially to the theatri¬ cal profession. For Lunch after the performance give us a call Bowling Green Kentucky by extravagant space between the lines. If a short one, you stop, perhaps in the center of the page, and do not proceed to fill what is left with some examples of your skill in ornamental caligraphy. There is no excuse for filling up the required space with widely spaced and too large type lines and other things, when a much better effect is attained by compact and smaller type surrounded, and its value as display helped, by white space. As an example of perverted composition, Fig. 13 is inter¬ esting. Why the second line was carefully letter-spaced out to the length of the top line when the natural and easier way would agree with good appearance in having it shorter, thus avoiding the extra work of letter-spacing, we do not under¬ stand. In other ways it but faintly suggests rudimentary knowledge of job composition. It is hard to suggest changes followed. The resetting (Fig. 10) has followed the general design of the original, with the important difference that the minor detail has been placed in the small panel and the more important lines where they can be appropriately displayed. The simplest style in type composition is generally the most attractive, and certainly the most expedient on account of time-saving. In Fig. 11 the compositor went to some trouble in arranging a title in a mixture of sizes and styles that most properly should have been set in one style and size throughout. There is nothing to display, and if there was, it is not effective as shown. The repetition of the catch-lines is awkward, and the word-ornaments following the last line C. <21. jBorroto anti ^>ons SLACK BARREL STAVES that will improve it, and the resetting (Fig. 14) shows a correct style that avoids the awkwardness and crudity of the copy. A line of text in contrast with small, plain faces of lighter tone will always give feature and distinction to a heading. 232 THE INLAND PRINTER In many of the examples shown this month bad spacing of the lines has been one of the faults noted, evidenced chiefly by a desire to spread the matter evenly over the page, without any appreciation of the value of clustering, and of the white space that such clustering will place between the different parts of the type-page. In addition to this error another one is apparent in Fig. 15. The line that should have been rightly Tenth Annual Convention Tenth Young Annual Convention Women’s Young Women’s Christian Associations Christian Associations of South Dakota ....of South Dakota Brookings, South Dakota “;5SS“ November 7-8. 1903. Brookings, South Dakota November 7-8. 1903 Fig. 15. Fig. 16. displayed is “ Tenth Annual Convention,” not the lines shown, which are merely qualifying. Fig. 16 shows a better arrange¬ ment, in which the proper title is given its right proportion. It also shows the value of clustering, illustrating the benefit of contrast between the type clusters and the white space that separates them. In using a series throughout on a letter-head which con¬ tains more than the usual amount of matter, strict attention should be paid to the arrangement, and the different parts should be so clustered and separated that confusion will not W. D. POWER & OO. COMMISSION HAY. STRAW AND PRODUCE ensue between so many conflicting lines. Fig. 17 is an exam¬ ple of indefinite spacing, which impairs the appearance of the heading. Improvement in several ways is shown in Fig. 18. It is sometimes best to abandon the use of one series, and use W. D. POWER & CO. Commission Fig. 18. neater and lighter faces for the portions to be set in small type. A word or line in a contrasting letter will also help. The small panel is a useful device for taking care of extra matter in a manner that prevents it from detracting from the main display. More emphatic contrast in type sizes is another way of giving a more pleasing effect. All of these methods have been used in resetting Fig. 17 in order to rid it of the haphazard appearance that the faults indicated have produced. The rule of correct printing, forbidding the mixture of capitals and lower-case on a displayed page, is a good one when applied to cover and title pages and the more formal styles, but in commercial, forms an occasional violation of this very proper and consistent rule will sometimes improve the appearance of a job, particularly when capitals are used. They possess a certain stiffness of appearance that can only be relieved by the introduction of a contrasting lower-case or cap.-and-small-cap. line. The capitals of some job-faces are ungainly, and those of an extended line nearly always so. Fig. 19 is an example of consistent composition, but it does not have the freedom and graceful appearance that the use of a SWINT & REINECK Heavy Hardware, Iron, Nalls, Fence Wire lower-case line would give it. The panel is a little bit crowded by the type, which also militates against the best appearance. In resetting this heading (Fig. 20) the stiffness has been relieved by using some lower-case lines, more contrast in type sizes and more space between type and border. A LINOTYPER’S PLAINT. I catch a “ take ” of pretty good stuff That looks as clear as day; My fingers nimbly strike the keys, The work is just like play. It’s punctuated exactly right, It’s legible and plain — What’s this? Gee whizz! A Russian name! Such stuff gives me a pain. There’s General Ahellofafeller, And Admiral Iwonderwhat, And a place called Nobodycanspeller, Where a dozen or so were shot. And a place where the Japs have landed troops Is called Port Whereisthat — I’ve spelled those names till my brain is wrong And I’m crazy as a bat. The editors and proofreaders These languages must speak, Or, at least, it seems that way to me For my proofs with errors reek; And every error that is marked (My ire such marks arouse) Goodbyl’vegonebughouse ! , — By Earle E. Griggs. TRIED TO GET ALONG WITHOUT IT. Send me The Inland Printer one year, commencing with the December number. I have tried to get along without it but find that one gets clear out of style without knowing it. — H. V. Foster, Tecumseh, Oklahoma Territory. This page set in 18, 24 and 36 Point Tabard Type, with 36 Point Tabard Border, Section 2. Cuts priced on application PNN#INM#NM#WMl#WM#WMO TABARD SERIES I1"* American Line FJ 1 jypes (7 Dorders tr /F j^ tr /r /r w 4 A* $2.40 6 a $1.85 $4.25 UNIQUE LINES For Delightful and Quaint Production 3 A $3.65 5 a $2.60 $6.25 AMERICAN TYPE Foun ders Comp y M * a * B M M SS 7 Tko f. . 'aV^ * ne ^ T a^e III of the jgl fg *(k=_ MERCHANT jg Wherein is set forth how H§ persons of sagacious mind who desire to make known the high quality and estab ^ lish the renown of sundry |p| goods and wares, seek to employ for that cause type of marked distinction and |g| excellent appearance, this p| same being worthily pregj** sented in Tabard fashion 9 A $ I .45 t 8 a $ I .80 $3.25 > m THE PRINTER’S TALE beginneth with Praise for these Goodly Letters and Embellishments And sayeth how the Tabard series maketh altogether such an assemblage of movable types as will give great pleasure in the use of them. And as for the shapes and sizes of them, they are of such variety as will afford much satisfaction to him who delighteth in performing his work for the achievement of distinctive results. And further how thereih hath beeh cunningly woven matters of great interest concerning the time long past, with allusions to celebrated personages, as also to customs and feelings, and some high nobility of endeavor. For herein hath these things been wrought in rare metal with wonderful adequacy, shewing how by the great skill and craftsmanship of a company of letter founders which hath made more excellent printing types than any other in the whole world, certain good and beautful things of olden time are presently brought to serve as right new novelties and devices agreeable to look upon. So shall be chosen the Tabard. ywxy v-v-hM/ VjffV VM^V A $1.60 12 a $1.90 $3.50 The TABARD TYPES Originated by American Type F ounders Comp y In stock ahd for sale at Houses of ths Company and by Special Dealers throughout the World Order from the nearest 3 A $4.75 5 a $4.00 $8.75 ORIGINATOR Popular Design See next page for a complete Price List of the Tabard Types and Borders The TALE OF THE MAN AT LAW, wherein he setteth forth the PUBLIC VOICE Which is to depose and say that whereas there be many and divers cases in the wide world, both among men and pertaining to their concerns, howbeit the case wherein is much delight and also profit is that which hath been well filled with Tabard types. In testimony whereof, the Man at Law confirmeth the v dom of all folk who employ Tabard types without stint. PI v\H4 / ww \^/ UW Vtff/lVMf^ /rn^ wW rWW^ \iM|> ^4/ iWR vuu/ /|W^ \ug> ^Mi/ ^Mi/ \MM ^4/ 5S7 Uki/ ThcTABARD types BP OIOIO OIOOIOIOIO 8 Point Tabard 20A$I.00 40 a $1.25 $2.25 TABARD TYPES SHOW TYPOGRAPHICAL EXCELLENCE FOR THE Production of Quaintly Suggestive Brochures in either Text or Display Form 10 Point Tabard 18 A $1.20 36 a$l.30 $2.50 EMBROIDERED WITH BORDERS SOME LIGHT AND Some Heavy this Creation is a Fantasy of Form and Color 12 Point Tabard I 6 A $ 1 .25 32 a$l.50 $2.75 PECULIARLY ATTRACTIVE IN APPEARANCE 18 Point Tabard 9 A $1.45 18 a $1.80 $3.20 For Delightful)/ Quaint Productions 24 Point Tabard 6A$I.60 I 2 a $ I .90 $3.50 DISTINCTIVE IN FORM 36 Point Tabard 4 A $2.40 6 a $1.85 $4.25 Holds the Attention 48 Point Tabard 3 A $3.65 5 a $2.60 $6.25 PLAIN FACE 60 Point Tabard 3 A $4.75 5 a $4.00 $8.75 Bombarded 72 Point Tabard 3 A $6.00 4 a $4.00 $10.00 HOPING Tabard Types and Borders are Patent applied for in the United States and Registered in England The Tabard Border is made up of the eight characters here shown, each one numbered similarly in all five sizes, and are as follows : These characters are fonted in sections usable in an almost unlimited number of combinations, each section consisting of characters indicated below : SECTION 1, characters 1, 2, 5, 7 and 8 SECTION 3, characters 1, 2 and 6 Prices, b/ Sections 12 Point, 36 inches . $1.50 18 Point, 30 inches . 1.50 24 Point, 30 inches . 2.00 30 Point, 30 inches . 2.25 36 Point, 30 inches . 2.50 APR AWR APR Cas tby A merican Type F ounders Company f APR APR APR APR ykiv APR APR ^4/ AiwR i^|jgfiijfiigfiig|^fiigfiiisfiigfiiig|ig NAU4/ THE INLAND PRINTER 233 Workmen in every branch of the printing and allied trades are requested to file their names, addresses and qualifications on THE INLAND PRINTER’S list of available employes. Reg¬ istration fee, $1. Name remains on list and is sent to all inquirers for three months; privilege of renewal without further charge. Employers are invited to call upon us for competent help for any department. List furnished free. Spec¬ ification blanks on request. Enclose stamp when inquiring for list of available employes. Address, The Inland Printer Company, Chicago. The following list of books is given for the convenience of readers. Orders may be sent to The Inland Printer Company. Phototrichromatic Printing.— See Process Engraving. The Color Printer.— By John F. Earhart. Price, $15— now reduced to $10. Presswork. — By William J. Kelly. A manual of practice for print¬ ing-pressmen and pressroom apprentices. New enlarged edition. Cloth, $x.SO. red stock. Cloth, $3.50. se on the - - - ,ny kind for cylinder presses. Knife. — Flexible, v thin sheet of paper OVER] to divide of handh s knife ;.— By Jar s P. Burbank. Cont ind much inforn methods a ' rto accessit seventy-thn By F. W. Thomi s thei arly explained. 32 Color Scheme. — C. P. C., of Madison, Indiana, has sent a specimen of printing on rough antique cover stock, and writes about it as follows : “ Would like to have your opinion of the color on this cover. The writer is the pressman at this office and reads your items in The Inland Printer every month.-’ Anszver. — - The presswork is quite good, but a lighter green would have been more effective on the background. Printing Bank Checks. — E. A. W., of Berlin, Wisconsin, sends a sheet of bank-check work, three deep, with stubs, and says : “ Enclosed you will find sample of a check printed in our office, and would like to have your opinion on the press- work. The bank has had its checks lithographed heretofore, but think they are now very satisfactory. I am a thorough reader of The Inland Printer, and have received much help from it.” Anszver. — A very critical examination of the make- ready and presswork on this sheet of checks, the lettering and other detail of which appears in difficult shadings, in imitation of fine steel plate, emphatically merits for it the highest com¬ mendation as a letterpress production. Half-tone Cuts on Newspaper Stock. — An apprentice of Brooklyn, New York, sends a print cut from a newspaper which shows interstices in the paper and necessarily lack of solidity on the very solid portions of the cut. He asks : “ Will you kindly explain how to judge impression for newspaper printing? Also, what is the cause of the little white specks on the black parts of inclosed cut?” Anszver. — Newspaper presses are very different from book presses in their make-up for printing, and are usually equipped with a felt or yielding tympan, which after a time becomes flattened down below its original periphery. After this occurs, the cylinder, which has been slightly raised for the new blanket, is lowered to a condi¬ tion to print the reading matter distinctly. That condition is set down as the standard of impression required on all plates made for the press, regardless of illustration. Such a condi¬ tion is manifested on the printed half-tone sent by you. The white spots you allude to as occurring on black parts of the picture are simply the result of a little less ink than necessary and the rough, unfinished surface of the paper stock employed. Reducing Varnish. — F. C. D., of Valatic, New York, says : “As a constant reader of The Inland Printer, I would like you to inform me of the ingredients and their amount used in making what is sold to the trade as reducing varnish. Also please inform me what kind of varnish is best to add to all inks when you require a gloss.” Answer. — Reducing var¬ nish is made up in various ways and also specially adapted for the inks compounded in such varnish. Perhaps the best reducing varnish made is the product of skilfully boiled linseed oil ; cheaper grades consist of boiled linseed oil, petroleum oil, etc., which are mixed and boiled with a proper proportion of pine rosin — the proportions are not known. Gloss varnish, as well as copal varnish, is usually mixed with inks to give the color a gloss when dry. Feed Rollers on Web Presses. — “ Press Hand,” of Brooklyn, New York, writes : “ Will you kindly state through the columns of The Inland Printer the way to tell when a feed roller on a newspaper press has outlived its usefulness; also when frequent changes of feed roller are necessary, such as from full width to half or three-quarter width? Would you advise setting each roller independently, or pick out the smallest of the three and set that and let the other two be put in and run, regardless of setting, when changing from one size paper to another? Also, what is the cause of a feed roller throwing ink over the keys and back of fountain and over fountain board?” Anszver. — A feed roller, or, for that matter, any composition roller, which has become too hard and shrunken from its proper diameter, or become “ sickly ” and Japanese government printing-office in tokio. non-responsive to its duty through excessive wear, or become “ mushy,” “ watery ” and dead to the touch, has served its usefulness. We believe in setting every roller used on a print¬ ing press, be it book, job or newspaper. There are a few reasons for feed as well as form rollers throwing (spraying) ink over the press and paper, two of which may be set down to composition rollers being set too tight, at one or both ends, and also to the varnish or oil with which the color has been made. Half-tone Printing by an Apprentice. — J. B. S., of Pon¬ tiac, Illinois, writes : “ I enclose herewith a few samples of half-tone work done in this office, which I would like you to criticize. This work was done by an apprentice of the shop, who has served a little over three years, but has been a thorough reader of your journal since the beginning of his apprenticeship. The impressions on the, heavier stock were 234 THE INLAND PRINTER taken after a run of two thousand on the higher finished stock, without any additional treatment or overlaying of cuts. The work was done on a Gordon press, but the rollers were a little hard.” Answer. — The make-ready and printing of the horse cuts on the supersized thin book paper is not good. The same cuts and treatment on the proofs printed on the fine coated stock appears to better advantage, but mainly by reason of better and thicker paper; while that printed on the duller and heavier stock is the best of the lot. There is much loss of fine detail in the make-ready of all the cuts. On page 8, all the detail of the back and foreground is missing and, as a consequence, the horse stands in a maze of dulness without a trace of high-class qualities he is supposed to possess as a stock breeder. Page g shows “ Highland Forrest ” to much better advantage, and had the surroundings of this animal been overlaid properly the picture would have been more complete. Make-ready. — “Regular Reader,” of Philadelphia, Penn¬ sylvania, sends a copy of a really beautiful monthly of about eighty pages and cover, which contains numerous half-tones illustrative of decorative gardening, houses, etc. ; also a large sheet showing machinery. He writes : “ I am sending you a book and a sheet for your opinion regarding the presswork done by me on a Miehle. I have been running cylinder presses over two years, before which time I was engaged on job presses. As no other pressman is employed in this shop, I have had to learn myself, although I must admit I have gotten a good many pointers from The Inland Printer. The book is run in eight-page forms and is not slip-sheeted, but racked ; it is published monthly. What would you think good time to make a form of this kind ready and run about two thousand five hundred copies? The sheet with four cuts, of machinery was made ready at night. The edges of the cuts were quite bad.” Answer. — The presswork on the magazine is first-class and is creditable to the pressman. It is clean, sharp and uni¬ form in make-ready and color, which is of a good black. As to the time of make-ready on each form and printing of edition stated, a form a day would be a fair average for the work shown in the book; some forms could be done in less time. Regarding the sheet of four large cuts of detailed -machinery, you should have carried another sheet of overlay on the darker portions of the cuts. The make-ready on the vignetted edges is splendid. Embossing in Colors. — F. J. C., of St. Catherines, Canada, has sent a specimen sheet showing four small labels printed on coated plate stock, in gold bronze and colors, regarding which he says: “You will greatly oblige by giving information that will lead to practical results in varnishing and embossing the enclosed sample. My intention is to emboss and varnish at the same impression, by distributing varnish on disk of press with the rollers and rolling over the die as in ordinary printing. Should the sheet be sized before varnishing to prevent the varnish from absorbing the colors and blending them into one another? What method do you deem practical for me to pursue? Some two weeks ago I worked a coat of arms in blue ink; the color appearing rather dead, it was decided to varnish before embossing the same. The job was allowed to stand a day after varnishing, but did not seem to dry thor¬ oughly; so, when embossing the same, it would peel off the printing in patches. My way out of the difficulty was to saturate a piece of muslin with machine oil, wind the same around a roller and stitch the end to keep it snug to the roller. This, rolling over the die at every impression, kept it suffi¬ ciently greasy to prevent any further annoyance.” Answer. — There is but one way to successfully emboss over printed or varnished matter, and that is to thoroughly dry everything with which the embossing die has to come in contact. It is not necessary to size over such printing as your sample in order to varnish it. The colors are sufficient to give the varnish the necessary body backing. Use a good clear label varnish, properly put on stock, after the colors have become dry; then let' the varnished sheets remain until the surface of the varnish becomes hard and glossy, after which you may proceed with embossing. Mottled Cuts and Setting Cylinder. — M. P. M., of Paterson, New Jersey, has sent a very clean print from a half¬ tone portrait, 3^4 by 5 inches, which he writes about as follows : “ Enclosed find a print of a half-tone cut ; please tell me the cause of the mottled spots in the dark shadows. Used Dill & Collins superfine coated book and a $3-a-pound half-tone black. Tried ordinary coated paper and a $i-a-pound CROWDS OUTSIDE JAPANESE NEWSPAPER OFFICE WAITING ISSUANCE OF “ WAR SPECIALS.” special half-tone black, with the same results. Printing done on a Colt’s Armory press with three form rollers and the usual distributors. Also tell me how hard a cylinder should ride on the bearers of a Miehle press, as I find with a heavy form I can see daylight between cylinder and bearers. If I pull cylin¬ der down slightly more than I have it, the press runs hard when there is no form on.” Answer. — Try a little stronger bodied ink, and run the color as close to fullness as possible. Sometimes the working quality of a good ink is enhanced by the addition of a few drops of clear dammar varnish. There have been occasions when, by simply changing the position of the side grippers where they take hold, or by the addition of a small piece of cork fastened to these at some special place of taking off the sheet from the form, a remedy has been found. First try changing the location of the grippers. The mottling or building up of the color appearing only on the heaviest portions of the cut indicates that the remedy must be sought for in either the ink or the method adopted for taking away the sheet from the form. Regarding how hard cylinder should ride on the bearers of a Miehle press, start with the bearers on the bed, which must be just type high. Test these THE INLAND PRINTER 235 with a type-high gauge or a broad-faced metal type, face down on the bed and close to the bearers on each side. If the bearers are lower than the type, raise them to the right height. The cylinder should be lowered to the adjusted bearers, and tested in its pressure on these by long strips of tissue paper laid lengthwise on each bearer. When thus evened in pressure on the bearers, the press is then in proper condition. If the cylinder rises from its position after this test, the set-screws controlling the adjustment of the cylinder boxes are too loose above and should be altered before making ready a second form, because if there is not accurate rigidity at these places the tendency is to overpack the cylinder, especially in the case of heavy forms, under the belief that more impression is needed. Printing Labels. — J. B. W., of Cameron, Missouri, has sent a copy of a large label, printed in black on highly enam¬ eled yellow paper, and writes about his trouble in this way: “I am very desirous of getting some information regarding the printing of labels, of which I am printing a great many. My trouble is label paper curls up, making it difficult to feed. I have been unable to get an ink soft enough to print right without pulling the gloss from the paper. When I use a good ink and reduce it sufficiently to avoid this, it makes the ink too soft and does not cover good. I print the labels straight black on yellow label paper on a platen press.” Answer. — To keep the curl out of the paper is next to impossible when laid on the feedboard flat with the enameled surface up. In cutting enameled label paper, which is usually quite thin, a sharp knife is essential on the paper-cutter, and as the cuts are taken from the machine they should be laid face down and kept from a warm atmosphere until about to be fed to the printing-press. If a slightly moistened piece of cloth can be conveniently attached to the feed-board, but not close enough to the paper to wet it, some relief may be had. The usual way to feed such stock to platen presses is to keep the face down and turn the sheet as it is carried to the press gauges. If you will send a sample of your label paper to any inkmaker, such as those advertising in this journal, he will be able to send you the proper grade for such stock. A little vaselin, well mixed with good ink, renders the same short without destroying the color. Impression Screws on Platen Presses. — H. S. T., of Ayer, Massachusetts, writes as follows: “If you will kindly answer the following for an old subscriber, you will settle a difference of opinion that is constantly arising among some of my pressmen in regard to 1 monkeying ’ with the impression screws on presses. I contend that the beds of my Colt’s Armory presses should be leveled up on four even pages of type, and then the impression screws not touched unless in extreme cases. If in four type pages two were solid and two open, overlaying should then be resorted to, but not ‘jack up’ the screws to level it. That is, over and under laying should be resorted to, but not reset the screws every time. Does not the changing the screws on every job or two hurt the press? ” Answer. — The impression screws should not be changed to suit different forms or make-readys, particularly on presses of the kind named, or on Universals, Gordons, etc. On presses of the Peerless and Liberty type, the impression is often adjusted by raising or lowering the impression screws; but these presses are provided with special check-nuts and screws in the under part of the platens by which they are drawn tight to the points of the impression screws. The Colt’s Armory press, like all others, is properly adjusted at the1 factory by competent inspectors who are provided with standard height gauges for that purpose. The following, taken from a late edition of the John Thompson Press Company (Colt’s Armory make) catalogue, may not be amiss to publish. It says : “ Our presses are adjusted, purposely, for hard, thin tympans. There is rarely a case where the archaic practice of printing on a pad is justifiable, especially so in our presses, where the platen impinges, after a long-drawn slide, dead square upon the form. If the slur appears only along the upper portion of a sheet, this is usually caused by the frisket fingers biting the sheet too hard at the bottom and not at the top. This condition is nearly always produced by tympans of greater thickness than that for which the frisket frame is adapted. In such cases the handiest remedy is to insert cardboard washers between the fingers and the face of the frisket frame, thereby throwing out the ‘ heels ’ of the fingers and thus equalizing their contact upon the sheet. If a slur appears entirely across the face of the platen, showing downwardly, it may be caused by wear of the bridge gibs; this, however,’ can be corrected readily by inserting packing between the gibs and their bearings.” In making ready special forms, such as electrotypes, half-tones and the like, instead of “ monkeying ” with the impression screws to equalize all in the form, a type-high gauge should be used on these to ascertain their relative condition to type height, which is standard height. The error arising from different heights to paper in such blocks is frequently consid¬ erable, sufficient at all events to produce too much or too little contact of the form rollers, with the result that there arises “tipping” from one height to another, which is too often From “ London Graphic." TOKIO NEWSBOYS SELLING “ EXTRAS." Japanese newsboys carry bells in their hands or fastened around their waists. mistaken for irregular adjustment of the platen. By all means have the impression screws stationary, or until, by long usage, they require resetting. Indeed, the shrinkage of composition form rollers has much to do in misleading the pressman to assigning the cause of irregular and imperfect inking to other causes. In such cases, provide yourself with at least two full sets of roller wheels of different circumferences. Changing the set of impression screws to every job is very detrimental to the screws and their threaded sockets, which, after a time, become so worn as to require new screws and rebushed sockets. Brown thrasher’s nest on the ground ; four eggs ; nest among wild geraniums, daisies and dandelions in bloom. Goldfinch nest with five of her eggs and one cowbird egg. Robin's nest in willow tree. Nest six feet from the ground. BIRD’S-NESTING WITH A CAMERA. From collection of H. W. Fay, De Kalb, Ill. THE INLAND PRINTER 237 238 THE INLAND PRINTER The Hamilton (Ohio) Sun commemorated St. Patrick’s Day by printing a portion of its paper in two colors, green and black. The work was nicely done. The annual “Convention Number” of the Conner and Dried Fruit Packer, of Chicago, has been received. It even excels previous annual numbers, which have been favorably commented on in this department in the past. This year about three-quarters of an inch of the margin of each page is printed The BEST METHOD NEAT, securely labeled packages; every canner wants them. — ( ^ The cheapest and quickest way to get them is with the Burt Labeling Machine Is meets the most exacting requirements, has an unlimited capacity, easily operated by un¬ skilled help, very durable and simple in con¬ struction. C. Hundreds of prominent canners use the BURT LABELER, because it does most perfect work and always gives satisfaction. Why not investigate the merits of this machine before getting busy? C. You will surely want to install one. C. Write now for new Illustrated CATALOG, which also describes the famous BURT WRAPPING, LACQUERING AND BOXING MACHINES Burt Machine Company BALTIMORE, MD. - - cys- — ■ with a light brown tint, giving the whole work a very neat appearance. The ad. composition, the work of John L. Dan¬ ielson, is above criticism, as every ad. in its many pages is a model of proper display and excellent balance. Three full-page ads. are reproduced herewith (Nos. i, 2, 3),' which are interesting specimens of Mr. Danielson’s work. Posey Littlepage, Glenn’s Graphic, Madisonville, Ken¬ tucky. — Your double-page ad. is neatly constructed and well displayed. M. H. Hack, Muskegon, Michigan. — The ad. of J. D, Vanderwert is your best. Both of those of the Leahy Company are crowded with too much display, which is about the only fault you have to guard against. George Barnfield, Lawrence (Mass.) Telegram. — Your page ad. has too much small display. The top and bottom are crowded too much, while the body has the opposite fault. The display in the center panel is not sufficiently distinctive, as it is nearly all the same size. C. W. Young, publisher of the Cornwall (Ont.) Free¬ holder, has a paper that is unique in one respect, particularly for Canada. In a single issue recently it had long letters, mostly short items, from thirty-six correspondents, filling all of the available space on four of its seven-column pages. The paper does not make much of a pretense for good presswork or clean Linotype work, but from the standpoint of news it is certainly a leader. . Ad.-setting Contest No 15. — The large ad. used for Contest No. 15 proved a puzzler for most of the compositors, although there will probably be a goodly number of specimens. On April 1 there had been twenty entries, and as at that time the closing day was more than two weeks off, the indications were that there would be a sufficient number of ads. to make a good variety and a profitable contest. Complete sets of the ads. submitted will be sent to contestants about May 1 and the result announced in The Inland Printer on as early a date- as possible. Criticisms. — The following papers, marked “ For Criti¬ cism,” have been received : O. H. Walters, Petersburg (Neb.) Index.— It certainly spoils the looks of a paper to run advertising, particularly large ads., in all four and out, wherever it will fit. TheP presswork should be more even in Oneida County Gazette, Whitesboro, New York. — You have a gen¬ erous amount of correspondence, which would look better graded. Wilmerding (Pa.) News. — A neat and newsy paper. A parallel rule beneath the date line would be an improvement. George J. Johnson, St. Louis (Mich.) Independent.— The principal weakness in the appearance of the Independent is in its headlines. The first page should have two display heads, and a hlack letter should be used for towns from which correspondence is received. r Ukiah City (Cal.) Dispatch-Democrat.— A little more ink is the principal need. E. A. Emmert, Dallas Center (Iowa) New Times.— Parallel rules on either side of the date line and a double column box head on local items would greatly improve the first page of your paper. Ad. display is good throughout, except that of the Cash Racket Store, which has too much sameness. Hills (Minn.) Crescent.— Improvements suggested in March have been made and the Crescent is now a very neat little paper. Niagara Automatic Machine FOR LOCK SEAMED CAN BODIES with Soldering Attachment The Niagara Lock Seamer is substantially, and as well made as any high- — = grade machine tool. It produces bodies that are nicely rounded, with even ends, of uniform diameter the entire length, and with a tight seam well soaked and soldered, without wasting solder or fuel. Capacity, per day of 10 hours . ... 50,000 Smallest diameter of can body . 2K in. Largest diameter of can body . 655 in. Greatest length of can body . ...Him. Automatic Header /AN, Automatic Floater Automatic Crimper [%?] Automatic Tester Presses - Shears x§/ Slitters - Dies NIAGARA MACHINE & TOOL WORKS TOOLS FOR WORKING SHEET METAL BUFFALO, N. Y. No. 2. THE INLAND PRINTER 239 DemingSj Gould Co. p31 Brokerage Commission Chicago flnacortes St. Couis SELLERS OF Canned Salmon Canned Vegetables Canned Fruits Oregon Prunes Roseburg, Oregon' Anacortes, Wash. Fairhaven, Wash. San Francisco, Cal. Healdsburg, Cal. Sebastopol, Cal. Sacramento, Cal. A Basis for Advertising Rates. — A letter from E. C. Bailey, one of the proprietors of the Decorah (Iowa) Repub¬ lican, furnishes food for considerable thought on what should be the proper basis for advertising rates. The letter reads as follows : Decorah, Iowa, March 14, 1904. O. F. Byxbee, Scranton, Pennsylvania: Dear Sir. — I note your rate card for daily papers in the current number of The Inland Printer, and it brings to mind one you gave several months ago for a weekly. Perhaps I am calling your attention to something which has already been noted- — that is, the “hole” in it. The daily card will serve as well as the weekly to illustrate: 49 inches at 25 cents would yield $12.25, while 50 inches at 20 cents would yield only $10. 149 inches at 20 cents would yield $29.80, while 150 inches at 15 cents would yield only $22.50. And so on down the line, the greater amount yielding less than the lesser. How long could a newspaper hope to maintain its patronage on such a basis? Perhaps I am looking at this through green goggles, but it seems to me there must be a better basis than this to work from. Isn’t the rate Yours Ptruly, E. C. Bailey. There are many men, most of them connected with the adver¬ tising agencies rather than the newspapers, who contend that the only basis upon which advertising rates can be fixed is the basis of circulation. The paper with 1,000 should charge so much, and a paper of 10,000 so much, regardless of the char¬ acter of circulation or the location of the newspaper. These men will also advocate very strongly the flat rate’ per inch, regardless of the size of the contract or the position demanded, but when they have something a little larger than ordinary to place, they will refuse to place the business unless a lower rate is secured. These men, some of the shrewdest, most capable and intelligent men in the country, have by much talking and writing, with excellent arguments, brought some of the newspaper men of the country to their way of thinking, but they are not arguing from the standpoint of the publisher, but from the standpoint of the advertiser. It certainly would be an ideal condition if every newspaper in the country had the same price per inch for the same circulation, but advertis¬ ing can not be sold that way with a profit to the publisher and satisfaction to the advertiser. Advertising rates in the past have been greatly complicated, and should be and are becoming much more simple. Not so many years ago nearly every paper in the country had a card of rates that was simply arbitrary, without any basis except the publisher’s say so, and very few, indeed, there were that were adhered to when it was a question of cut or lose the business. The advertising rate cards of to-day may be divided into three distinct classes : the graduated card with its price fixed (usually arbitrarily and without basis) for various spaces and various periods of time; the flat rate, with the same price per inch for one inch or ten thousand inches ; and what is known as the inch rate, with its price per inch, graded according to the number of inches to be used in each contract. The first of these, the graduated card, would be all right, so far as it goes, if there was some basis for the charges made beyond the mere fact that the publisher says four inches one month will cost so much, and for two months will cost so much more. But the advertiser of the present day does not want to use a fixed space daily, neither does he care about being restricted to every other day or once a week, and he still further objects to paying an additional percentage for running his advertising in either of these ways. He prefers to buy a certain amount of space and use it at such times and in such quantities as his judgment dictates, for the best interests of his business. This condition of affairs, which has increased rapidly the past few years, has led to the adoption of the flat rate and the inch rate. The greatest argument in favor of the flat rate is its simplicity, and to the publisher who has struggled for years with the eccentricities of a graduated card, and has worn himself out trying to adjust it to the demands of the present-day advertiser, it appears like an oasis in the desert. He starts by endeavoring to fix upon a price that will pay the expenses of his paper, and finds at the outset that he must get a higher price per inch than he is charging his largest local advertisers, who are probably using nearly half of the ■C-SSo ■0 9 3 6(7)0^01®-, >Ro»oKo**Oo*Eo £»*o*«fco+o»oqo ).Sfl69!ie-o«9jo > IgoftoB t> oftoff i ] [ ][ ] □ i i ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] Fig. 6. Fig. 66. cast-iron quoins usually puts a burr or extension on the quoins, which in turn tears great scratches across the face of the stone. The smoother a stone the better; rather than be abused it should be carefully oiled and rubbed with a little plumbago once in a while to keep from becoming dry and up □p tin 6 □ Ep 1 1 S □ DZD Fig. 6c. brittle and liable to crack. In using a chase, always use a bar in it when possible, even in light forms of electrotypes — they keep their shape better. In taking a form off the stone, do not jam down on one corner of chase to spring it out of square. In locking up, do not tighten one section entirely, but work one section against another to keep bars from bend¬ ing and throwing form out of register. Never lock up iron against iron — at least get a thin cardboard between the 250 THE INLAND PRINTER quoins and the chase — they remain locked better. The jar of a press will unloosen a quoin quicker than a key will. “ To resume : The ‘ square ’ eight is a hand two-fold form. You will notice that the folds are made by drawing toward the operator each time. The ‘long’ eight is nothing different from the ‘square’ after cutting; virtually the same as the oblong reading up and down. The ‘machine’ eight is laid from the inside for the purpose of getting two straight edges exactly in the first place. The idea is to get pages as close as possible, and have the material in the form to shift quickly. It is as easy to shift a pica as a lead, and the eye can readily discern which is necessary when the right time comes. “ The second form shown (Fig. jb) illustrates how one can easily lock up a color form by use of adjustable steel furni¬ ture, so that every page stands out as an individual, more so the same direction and are considered ‘odd’ or unhandy, and usually cost an extra sum to fold. “ In Fig. 7 we have a color-form design. You will notice the position of the quoins in head and back. My theory of a color form is this : We start out with the assumption that it is complicated, not simply a straight up-and-down register (a map form for instance, which may be required to shift up and down, sidewise and twist to make the colors jibe.) Each page, as you will notice, must stand out as an individual. first, thrown into position, and a certain number of sheets printed to guide the printing of the colors. These are called ‘ trial or register sheets.’ The black form is then lifted and 0 0 □ □ □ □ fi £ 11' .6 □ □ □ □ ti £ □ □ □ [] 0 0 0 0 0 □ 00 00 I 16 □ □ Fic □ □ 9. □ 0 Fi □ 0 Fig. 76. You can twist and turn any one without interfering with the other, which could not be done by an ordinary lock-up. You should not use solid or long furniture in a form of this kind, but build up out of small pieces on each corner. The furni¬ ture should be so divided that one can readily abstract any sized piece, like a lead, nonpareil or even pica, from one cor¬ ner and add to another without the bother of changing furni¬ ture. The aim is to build your form up square with material. In shifting, when taking out from one side, always add to the other to keep the solidity and squareness of the page. Too much time should not be spent in attempting to register reserved for printing last. This form, as a usual thing, being the heaviest — that is, containing more lines and more printing surface — suffices to hide or cover up any defects in the color plates, giving a finish to the job not otherwise obtainable. It is not necessary here to discourse on colors, but the stoneman should at least know something about the formation of com¬ binations in laying out the scheme. Yellow, red and black or blue are common combinations in three-color printing. Red on top of yellow deepens the red, so if a pink cast is required in spots, the red may run without yellow under it to give it shading. Likewise red and black, or more strictly speaking, red and blue, will form a brown, while yellow and blue will create a kind of green, so by the correct printing of three colors one may get the effect of five or six shades in three THE INLAND PRINTER 251 impressions. The forms should be printed in the order named to get the best effect: Yellow, red, blue or black, but by the use of ‘transparent’ colors, the key forms on ‘cheap’ jobs are often printed first. “ In laying out an eight and four to insert, the four should come on the outside of the eight, instead of on the inside. Always aim to have the light sheet on outside to facilitate jogging to head. Fig. 8b is the common way of laying a three¬ fold twelve. A reverse nipper, roll-fold, with ‘ marker ’ to guide binder. The saving in binding is very little, if any, over an inserted and gathered form as in Fig. 8. “ From the three-fold twelve to the sixteen we advance from the hand to machine folding. (Fig. 9.) To understand these forms thoroughly is to understand the whole system of □ OOP □ □ □ □ 9 II 01 z Op 0*0 □ □ □ n Fig. 9c. imposition. Machine folding to-day, while complicated, is yet simple. Instead of being 32s and 64s, as formerly, we have interchangeable machines which fold 8s, 16s, two-i6s and four- ids. See Figs. 9, 9 b, 9 c, 9 d, and 10. “ The double-sixteen fold will fold as two separate 16s on the slitter machine or two 16s to insert. (Fig. 10.) The sixty- four folder will fold as four-i6s separate (Fig. 11) on the Chambers’ folder, while the old three-fold Dexter will only □ □ □ cb □ □ fri £ 11 6 □ □ □ □ 1 16 □ □ □ □ Fig. 9 d. fold as an eight or sixteen single. The Dexter must be pointed with 15-inch points, as shown (Figs. 9 and 9 b), single, while the double-sixteen machine can fold without the use of slits for points, when sheets have been fed on press to guides that will correspond to guides on feedboard of folder and nipper side will be for drop roller. We still have in use the folder which folds a regular machine thirty-two. (Fig. 12.) The machine that will fold Fig. 13 will also fold a twenty- page in two sections by the means of an extra feeder. “ I shall cast out the sixteen screens one after the other. First, we have the old hand fold; next is the machine; then the ‘ long,’ which is only used where you have two printed at once. The ‘ slitter,’ inserted double sixteen or common thirty- two is only a variation of the double * long ’ sixteen, and is here shown to demonstrate the simplicity of it. To show this among the 32s would only confuse. This form is considered ‘ hard,’ simply because it is not understood. To show it up as a combination is to explain its simplicity. (Fig. 10.) □ □ □ □ 91 U oz £1 □ □ □ □ op 00 0 0 0 0 □ □ □ □ 8 Sz 8z S □ □ □ □ 9 Lz 9z L □ | o| DO Ol “ Likewise, the Chambers * Quad ’ is also shown to explain away the hard part of that form. The puzzling part of the ‘ Quad ’ is in the splitting of forms and the getting of the right nipper edge, etc. “ The last 16-screen is the oblong music fold. As far as I know, this form can only be folded by hand. I have an idea, however (you can call it inspiration if you will) which tells me that the ‘slitter’ should fold a double oblong just as readily as it folds and inserts a double ‘ long ’ form. I am not in a position to verify the correctness of this conjecture. I imagine it correct, because of the ‘ queerness ’ of the fold on the slitter, folding the long fold first and the two shorter last, 252 THE INLAND PRINTER which creates a roll fold. This may be a common fold; if not, and if found correct, I desire credit for the discovery — it will reduce cost of music printing by half! (Fig. 9 d) as two half forms. A ‘ triple ’ or ‘ 3-on ’ oblong form becomes in action the same as a regular sixteen-page form and can be folded on any machine. A triple form, of course, is only used □0 00 □ 0 Oil 01 gi Si 7 26 31 2 □ □ □□ qo 00 DO 00 □ □ □□ 9 Lz OS £ 00 00 Fig. 12. on small work, where impressions are to be saved and binding to be reduced. “In closing, let me again remark: To know how to ‘lay’ a form is nothing; it is the other things that count. I have Fig. 13 attempted to instruct you to the best of my ability and I trust that my words will have a tendency to make better printers of you all.” This series of lectures has been printed in pamphlet form and placed on sale by The Inland Printer Company. Copies may be ordered from the publishers at 25 cents for the series of three lectures. A SOURCE OF INSPIRATION. Just got some of my back numbers of The Inland Printer from the bindery. They are nicely bound in half leather and are an inexhaustible source of inspiration. All hail The Inland Printer! I am glad the price is to advance, for we will then get a better paper, and we can not get too much of such a good thing. I think the man who is so small as to complain of the advance ought to be relegated to the “ hell box,” and kept there for evermore, with all the old type for miles around piled on top of him. He is a dead one. — Matt. O’Hare, Marinette, Wisconsin. THE MENTAL ARITHMETIC OF STONEWORK. ULE-OF-THUMB methods of work or calculation are a disgrace to men whose business demands more than average intelligence. Yet there is a singular lack of accepted rules and standards in the printing business. The use of the faculty we term “judgment” is all very well, providing it be good. But the word may cover exactly the same meaning as “guesswork” when it is used to denote an individual opinion concerning any unusual circumstance. We want law, not judgment, applied to every phase of our business; but our laws must not be cumbersome, or they may actually defeat their own end. The man who can reduce his governing principles in business to a few simple rules in mental arith¬ metic must possess a great advantage in fertility of resource and promptness of decision. Every apprentice should be given to understand that mental arithmetic is of inestimable value in a printing-office. At every turn, the printer is called upon as a man of figures as Copyright, 1904, by The Postuni Cereal Company, Ltd. EVANGELINE. From a water-color design by C. Warde Traver. well as of letters, and it means much to either workman or employer to be able to use his wits so as to save labor and avoid loss. Men often confess that they are “ poor at figures, and always their words imply a keen consciousness of their disadvantage. It is possible — and preferable by far — to reduce all the calculations necessary in stonework to the simplest rules in mental arithmetic. This is not a fine-spun theory; it is every¬ day practice in a large job-office where a sheet of paper is rarely seen on the stones for the purpose of measuring in the- customary manner. Given the dimensions of the paper for a job, the furniture for back, gutters, etc., is decided by a few simple sums on the instant. No doubt, natural aptitude and regular practice make a vast difference in any occupation; but the most apt or inapt workman may be assisted by good and simple rules. It is often necessary to divide the pages of a job into two- sets — inside and outside — to work in separate forms. Con¬ fusion arises with many men as to which are inside and which- outside pages, when the folios run well into the hundreds. For safety, a man may make a list of the folios he needs first,. THE INLAND PRINTER 253 and by frequent reference to his list he checks himself against error. The first and fourth pages in each successive group of four throughout a job are outside pages. To distinguish at a glance, it is necessary simply to divide the folios by four, and all such pages into which that divider will go or leave a plus of one are outside pages. The first figure may be ignored when the folio is above ioo, because four “ goes into ” ioo. Thus folio 732 — whether the sections are eights, sixteens or thirty-twos — is an outside page, and it is proved instanta¬ neously by the sum “ four into thirty-two.” Folio 555 is an inside page, and it may be proved so because “ four into fifty- five” leaves a plus of three. Whenever four divides into a number or leaves a plus of one, we have outside pages ; when the plus is two or three, inside pages. Our ordinary divisions of quarto, octavo and i6mo of any specified size of paper may be transformed into pica ems without much effort. The dimensions in inches should be clearly retained in the mind, and as a rule they are, by all engaged in miscellaneous jobbing work. Thus, if crown is specified, we mentally picture 20 by 15 inches. We may want the dimensions of crown quarto. To get the size in inches, simply divide each figure by two; to get its equivalent in picas, multiply the figures for crown by three. Crown being 20 by 15 inches, crown quarto is 20 by 3 (60) ems long by 15 by 3 (45) ems wide. If i6mo is being used, the size of the sheet in pica ems is disclosed by multiplying the figures by 1 )4. For octavo, multiply the large figures by 1 )4 and the small figures by 3. Although it is intended to reduce these and similar calculations to a purely mental process, the following sums may be acceptable by way of illustration : QUARTO. Specified size (demy) 22)4 by 17)4 inches. 3 3 67/4 by 52)4 ems. OCTAVO. Specified size (crown) 20 by 15 inches. jjj/4 3 30 by 45 ems. SIXTEENMO. Specified size (royal) 25 by 20 inches. 1K2 • i)4 37^ by 30 ems. The advantages of a ready acquaintance with this rule will be found in both book and job work. The question of margins will be settled almost automatically if a definite figure flashes in the mind as a substitute for a technical term. When the width of backs and gutters must be decided, all that need be borne in mind is the figure which has supplanted the phrase, and the rule to add to the gutters what is deducted from the backs. Thus we have a definite figure representing the width of the sheet — say thirty ems for crown octavo. The width of the type is also a definite figure, perhaps twenty-two ems, leaving a surplus of eight ems for margin and trimming. Trimming is not a definite quantity ; but as an allowance of a pica is ample, we may consider the finished sheet as being twenty-nine ems wide. Therefore we may deduct from the surplus of eight ems one pica, leaving seven ems for the back ; and add to that surplus the pica so deducted, giving nine ems for gutters. Then, instead of measuring with a folded sheet across two pages, another little sum will prove the form as being correctly made up. Going across the form from left to right we count 22 + 7 + 22 + 9 = 60 ems. That being the exact figure for the quarto sheet, we know the make-up is correct. Great assistance will be obtained from the use of a foot rule, and as a special steel rule is to be obtained, suitably marked for the trade, there is no reasonable excuse for not having one. There is a considerable demand for booklets of special size, which can not be obtained from the regular subdivisions of standard sizes of paper. As an advertising medium, the book¬ let is at present in highest favor among manufacturers and business men generally. The problem these jobs present may be termed a double one. For short runs, we need to find out how to use stock sizes of paper to the best advantage, and our view should comprehend not merely one department, but all. For orders of a large kind, we must decide upon the special size of paper to order. Let it be clearly understood that we are out of the beaten track of octavos and quartos and the like, and are working to any odd size which may be demanded. When an order of this kind must be worked upon a standard size of paper, there are really three points to be borne in mind. These are, briefly: (1) to avoid loss of paper by off-cut; (2) to meet the convenience of the pressman; (3) to insure a satisfactory arrangement for folding. (1) The smallest size of paper which can possibly be used in the book may be taken as a unit for calculation. That is represented by the depth of a page and the width across the open book, plus the necessary trim. Thus, if the pages are to measure 6)4 by 4 inches, the smallest sheet which can be of any service will be 6)4 by 8 inches. A safe allowance for trimming is about one-eighth of an inch for work of this class, bringing the measurement to 6% by 8)4 inches, after allowing for trim at the head, foot and side. Such a wide variety exists in the number of pages which may complete a job, and in the sizes of paper which may be available, that it is scarcely advisable to carry this point further. We would suggest that the simplest manner of deciding in cases of this kind is to sketch roughly the shape of the various sheets at hand, indicating their measurements on the diagram, and marking off the required size. It will quickly be seen which size can be used most economically, and providing the press¬ man and binder can be accommodated, the matter is settled. 0 35 5 16% 24K 33 -6% -13K -20K 22% Fig. 1. Fig. i represents a diagram of a double-demy sheet, which would take twenty-four pages of the size previously specified, the off-cut being comparatively small. (2) The usual considerations for presswork must be borne in mind. For short runs the forms should not be arranged to perfect themselves, owing to the danger of setting-off. Where the actual size of the paper necessary for the job is in any way awkward for feeding, it should be an instruction to the paperman to leave the off-cut until after the job has been worked. Should the off-cut be large enough to be of service in a small job, the pressman could leave the surplus paper at one edge or end accordingly. (3) The convenience of the binding department is a very important matter when exceptional shapes are ordered. In the case of narrow oblong pages, it may be policy to resort to printing in two positions. Or it may be advisable to arrange the different sections of the booklet to fold two-up or three-up. When heavy paper is being used — art paper in particular — 254 THE INLAND PRINTER the sections must be kept small, eight pages being preferable. Should the job work out as a sheet of twelves, or two half¬ sheets of twelve, a useful scheme by way of substitute is to fold as sections of eight, three-up. The simplicity of the fold, and the accuracy of register so easily obtained, will more than compensate for the additional labor when insetting. A very exceptional scheme is shown in Fig. 2. The order in this instance was for a booklet of thirty-two pages, to be 7)4 inches deep, and as nearly as possible 6 inches wide when finished. The paper to be used was 36 by 23 inches. As will be seen in the diagram, thirty-six pages could be cut from the paper, and if thirty-six had been required, the policy would have been to fold across as sections of twelve pages, three-up. The principle of folding across in this manner has much to recommend it. Two simple strokes of the folder will account for twenty-four pages, or even more in some instances, and, as previously intimated, there is less liability to bad register. Another matter, which is at times important, is the entire absence of creasing in the back. In art papers of moderate weight, there is a common tendency for the pressure of the folding-knife to make an ugly crease during the third stroke when folded transversely. To obviate this, the heads may be cut open before making the last fold; but it will often be found most satisfactory and economical to fold two or three sections at one operation, as illustrated in Fig. 2. □ □ □ 1 □ ffro-fl □ □ P 6z 5 28 25 8 1 32 □ □ □ □ □ □ Fig. 2 (outside form). Another instance recently encountered was a booklet of forty-eight pages, inset, which could be comfortably cut from a double-demy sheet, the finished size of the job being 7 by 4 inches. Working by customary methods, this would have been arranged in two forms of twenty-four pages, to cut up and fold in four sections of twelve pages or two of twenty-four, according to the quality of paper used. In an order for ten thousand books there would be forty thousand sheets to fold if good paper were being handled, and the folding of twelves is comparatively slow. Instead of this, however, the job was arranged so that a double-demy sheet would fold as a long sixteen, or in reality three sections of sixteen folded at one operation, so that the whole job of forty-eight pages was folded in three strokes of the folding-knife. There were three sections, instead of four, to inset, so the gain was even further increased. It is worth remembering that odd numbers of pages may often be worked at one impression instead of two by substi¬ tuting one standard size of paper for another. By adding together the width and length of a quarto sheet in crown, demy and royal, we get totals which are exactly the figures for the length or width of the full sheet of another size. Thus : Crown quarto, 10 + 7)4 = 17)4 inches (width of demy). Demy quarto, 11% +8^ = 20 inches (length of crown and width of royal). Royal quarto, 12)4 + 10 = 2214 inches (length of demy). To multiply instances or to crowd calculations upon the reader would be unwise. To awaken interest and furnish suggestions is much better policy ; therefore, the field is merely opened, and the reader is left to exercise that mental faculty of calculation which may be developed to advantage. The expeditious handling of work resolves itself into a few well-known rules. Having a fair knowledge of the relative ease or difficulty of various methods, we are left with problems which are mainly arithmetical, and a vast proportion of our calculations may be decided by the mental process. — Vernon Possnett, in British Printer. Written for The Inland Printer. TYPEFOUNDERS AND TYPEFOUNDING IN AMERICA. BY WILLIAM E. LOY. NO. XXXIV. — 'NATHAN LYMAN. ONE of the pioneers, though not the first, to engage in typefounding west of New York, Philadelphia and other cities at or near the Atlantic seaboard was Nathan Lyman. The Albany typefoundry was in operation in 1826, but the exact time when he cast his lot with that institu¬ tion does not appear to be definitely settled, but he was certainly there in 1832. This was the time when the possi¬ bilities of “the West” began to have attractions for the young and energetic who sought to better their condition. Albany was by no means the boundary of the frontier settle¬ ments, but it was nearer than New York or Boston to the western part of New York, to Ohio, and to Michigan, all of which were developing rapidly and demanded type and printing material. The Cincinnati typefoundry was already established (1817), and the region tributary to that city was supplied. There was a large area reached by the Great Lakes, and from Albany by canal to Buffalo, which was fast increasing in popu¬ lation, and all kinds of enterprises were launched to assist in this development and incidentally to make money for the promoters. Mr. Lyman did not remain long in Albany, for in 1835 all his belongings, consisting of his typefoundry and stock of type and materials, were loaded on a canal boat and taken to Buffalo, where he resided and carried on the business until his death, which occurred February 16, 1873. Nathan Lyman was born in Coventry, Connecticut, June, 1790, and in 1810, when in his twenty-first year, he went to Hartford and entered the employ of Elihu White, who had been manufacturing type for about six years. White went to New York about this time, moving his typefoundry, and there Mr. Lyman continued with him at his trade, and afterward became a well-known manufacturer. His success was not immediate, but the character of the man was such as to insure ultimate success in any enterprise, and at the time of his death he had amassed a snug fortune. The business was managed after his death by a son, until the formation of the American Type Founders Company in 1892, when it became one of the branches of that company, and is now known as the Buffalo typefoundry. On the formation of the Type Founders’ Asso¬ ciation of the United States, Mr. Lyman became an active member, and attended as many of its meetings as his health would permit. Nathan Lyman married in New York, in 1813, Miss Jane Taylor, who bore him ten children. In early life he became a member of the Presbyterian church, and throughout his long and active career continued - to live according to the teachings of the Christian religion. One who knew him well and intimately has said of him that he never knew a man with a more conscientious regard for the every-day observance of the rigid rules of business probity and honesty, and that he believed him incapable of a dishonest act. With such a memory there is little wonder that the death of Nathan Lyman was a matter of sincere regret to a very large circle of acquaintances, not only in Buffalo, where he spent so much of his life, but among his country patrons scattered throughout a wide extent of territory. THE INLAND PRINTER 255 BY DANIEL C. SHELLEY. Secretaries and members of local Typothetae and other organizations of employing printers are requested to send news of interest to employers for publication in this department. Matters concerning wage and labor disputes and settlements are especially desired. Contributions and news items may be addressed to Daniel C. Shelley, Secretary Chicago Typothetae, 942 Monadnock building, Chicago, or to the Editor of The Inland Printer. THE RELATION OF DAILY NEWSPAPERS TO THE COMPETITIVE BOOK AND JOB PRINTING BUSINESS. Through their International Union, the printers have declared for the eight-hour day. The members of the typo¬ graphical unions who are employed on the daily newspapers are the printers who are pushing the eight-hour day agitation. The daily newspaper printer has the eight-hour day, and he wants to force it on the book and job printer whether the latter wants it or not. The former employ one-third of those who follow the printing trades, the book and job houses employing the other two-thirds. Daily newspape'rs are competitors for circulation and advertising patronage; the book and job houses compete for the sale of the product of their employes and mechanical equipments. Each employs the same printing trades, but different rules concerning the length of work-day, the rate of wage, and shop practice should apply to each. There is no denying the fact that the typographical unions of the country will make an effort to put the eight-hour day into effect in the book and job printing plants of the United States and Canada at an early day. Plans for the shorter work-day fight are being laid in more than one section of the country. The Typographical Union is the dominating printing-trades union. It arrogates to itself jurisdiction over’ every one of the printing trades in case an emergency arises which it considers justifi¬ cation for extending jurisdiction. (See Section 2, Article I, I. T. U. Constitution.) Its aim, therefore, is to force press¬ men, bookbinders, feeders, electrotypers, stereotypers, photo¬ engravers, and all of the printing trades, into the eight-hour fight if, as declared in the section of the constitution above cited, they “ menace the welfare of the International Typo¬ graphical Union.” It is believed that the United Typothetae of America mem¬ bership has not as clear a knowledge as it ought to have of the relation their branch of the printing business bears to the daily newspaper business, particularly regarding labor condi¬ tions in the daily newspaper office and in the book and job printing plant. The statements here made are founded on ample experience in and full knowledge of both the daily newspaper business and the book and job printing branch. MECHANICAL LABOR IN THE BOOK AND JOB OFFICE MUST EARN A PROFIT. The man who engages in the book and job printing business and operates the mechanical departments of his plant on the same basis as the mechanical departments of a daily newspaper are operated, can not make a profit, because profit will be an impossibility. In the book and job branch, every workman should earn more for his employer than his employer pays him. Every piece of machinery, every pound of paper, every yard of cloth, every skin of leather, every spool of wire, every sheet of copper or zinc ought to yield something over its cost, just as every one thousand ems of composition, every hour of time work and every one thousand impressions of presswork must yield a profit over cost if money is to be made in the operation of a book and job printing business. In the news¬ paper office none of these additions to cost is made, because the profits of newspaper publishing are in the sale of as many agate lines of advertising as the advertisers can be induced to buy. The whole aim of the daily newspaper publisher is to get as great a circulation — quality and quantity — as is pos¬ sible, and on that circulation he can base his advertising rates — and the profits of advertising are the profits of daily newspaper publication. In the composing-rooms of several great city newspapers there are fifty Linotypes. They stand idle perhaps sixteen out of each twenty-four hours. The International Typographical Union, as cited, would limit their operation to six hours of every twenty-four. Could a book and job plant make any money on Linotype composition if the machines were idle two-thirds of the time? Hardly; on the contrary there is not much money in Linotype composition in book and job plants if the machines are running every hour of the twenty- four. The same comparison can be made between the presses in the daily newspaper offices and the presses in book and job plants. In the book and job plant every press must earn much more than the cost of operation each day or there is no money in running them. In the newspaper office the question as to whether presses have earned more than the cost of operation is never considered in the same way that it must be considered in the competitive book and job plant. They are only inci¬ dents — cogs — in the great machine which is run for the purpose of securing a circulation, which in turn secures advertising patronage. There are no job tickets in the mechanical departments of a newspaper office. No time records are kept for the purpose of determining profit or loss on labor. A surplus of help is employed to be available for emergencies day and night. If a book and job plant undertook to keep a surplus of help on hand at all times, to be prepared for the unforeseen, to what customer would it charge the cost of that help? Or which customer would stand the charge if it was made against him? Collateral though it is, the newspaper business is far away from the book and job business when the basis on which each is conducted is considered. Each business employs the same printing trades — the printer, pressman, stereotyper, electro¬ typer and photoengraver. These printing trades are in unions, and these unions, unfortunately, do not take proper cognizance of the differences between the two collateral branches of printing which employ them. What is a fair rule to enforce in one branch is an unfair rule to enforce in the other. TWO-THIRDS OF THE WORKING FORCE EMPLOYED IN BOOK AND JOB OFFICES. The newspaper printer is the ruler in the typographical unions, not by strength of numbers, but because he interests himself in union work, while the book and job printers, though two-thirds of the membership, are apathetic and indifferent, and in error concede to the newspaper printers numerical strength that they do not possess. Eight years ago the newspaper printer was in the majority in the typographical unions. The Linotype was introduced into daily newspaper composing-rooms in 1895-96, and with its introduction came a reduction of composing-room forces, one-half to two-thirds of the printers formerly employed going out to make way for the machine that trebled the daily string of the hand compositor. Before the introduction of the Lino¬ type the daily newspaper compositor worked long hours. He had to come to the office in the afternoon and do his own dis¬ tributing. That required two to three hours’ time. The hours of composition in the hand days were eight to nine, making the daily newspaper compositor work from eleven to twelve hours each afternoon and night. The Linotype shortened the workday of the newspaper printer because it made distribution unnecessary. It put an end to afternoon work, and reduced hours of labor to those 256 THE INLAND PRINTER devoted to composition. With the introduction of the Linotype came an evolution in daily newspaper making. To-day the large city daily newspaper is written, edited, set and printed in eight hours. Ten years ago it took from twelve to fourteen hours to do it. Every modern invention — the telephone, the trolley car, the Linotype, the autoplate — has been a factor in this evolution. These inventions have enabled the evening paper to clean up the news of the day in its various editions up to 6 o’clock at night. If the morning newspaper presents fresh intelligence to its readers, it must take cognizance of what the evening newspaper has printed, and not give its readers a rehashed account of what the evening newspaper had tors are sent home, and none of them is required to work over eight hours. The daily newspaper printer’s hours of labor are short because of conditions foreign to the composing-room, not because the publishers want to pay them high wages for short hours. The International Typographical Union General Laws, Section 148, say: “The International Union recommends that a day’s work on daily papers be restricted as nearly as possible to six hours’ composition.” The time is nearly here when it will be unnecessary, because of newspaper-making conditions, to do more than six hours’ composition on daily newspapers. Since the introduction of the Linotype there has been a IMPERIAL JAPANESE CRUISER TAKASAGO. (English built). Engaged in attacks on Port Arthur ; id Vladivostok. already fully exploited. And the evening newspaper must also take cognizance of what the morning newspaper has told in a satisfactory way, and not rehash old news, if there are new happenings worth a story. The managing editors of the morning dailies of the great cities can not begin to plan the news stories of the next day’s paper until about 8 o’clock each evening. Therefore composi¬ tion does not begin until about 7 o’clock at night, because to begin before that hour would mean not enough copy ready to keep going on. From 7 until 12 130 o’clock there is a rush and drive to get every bit of copy in type and in the forms for the early mail editions. Then there is a rest from the rush; only the latest and best news is used for the city editions, composi- great increase in the volume of book and job printing, and most of the hand compositors displaced by the Linotype have found employment in the collateral branch of printing which is known as the book and job line. Under existing conditions it- is safe to say that two-thirds of the members of the typo¬ graphical unions are employed in book and job offices; and it is also a safe statement to repeat that the one-third who are employed on daily newspapers are trying to force the eight- hour day on the book and job men, whether or no the book and job men want it. Late in 1903 the publishers of the two daily newspapers of a central Illinois city called on the secretary of the Chicago Typothetse for assistance in defeating a demand for the eight- THE INLAND PRINTER 257 hour day made on them by the local typographical union. Each paper employed two Linotype operators; one employed four make-up and ad. men, the other three — thirteen in all, and that was the maximum. Typographical union records showed that the union in that city had thirty-three members, and every journeyman printer in the city, the publishers said, was a member of the union. Of thirty- three journeymen printers in the city, thirteen were employed on daily news¬ papers and twenty in book and job offices. The publishers were given enough information to enable them to secure a fifty-four hour week agreement with the union, and they were also convinced that the daily newspaper composing-room was not the “whole thing” in furnishing employment to the printing trades. The effect on the great army of people employed in the printing trades of the short hours and shop practices that obtain in the daily newspaper offices are manifold. Notwith¬ standing these conditions are due to the evolution in newspaper making, and are enjoyed by a minority of the membership of the printing trades unions, the majority becomes dissatisfied because their fellows are granted conditions that they do not enjoy. That business enterprises which give employment to the majority can not be operated at a profit if run on the same basis as the daily newspaper, has little effect on them. On the part of the majority there is a natural desire to have the privileges of the minority; and on the part of the minority a desire to secure for the majority the same privileges, and thus make more secure the conditions established for the minority. But collateral as they are, and employing the same printing trades, it is a business impossibility to operate book and job plants at a profit and concede to the book and job employes the same hours, wages and shop practices that obtain in the daily newspaper office. PUBLICATIONS OTHER THAN DAILY NEWSPAPERS. The daily newspaper is not the only class of publication that has an influence on the competitive printing business in its relations to the printing trades labor demands. There are the trade, class, religious and literary publications that are issued weekly and monthly, and they are produced in what are classed as the book and job printing plants. Like the dailies, the publishers of these periodicals consider “ coming out on time ’’ .the most important feature of their business. To fail to place their publications in the hands of the subscribers on a certain day of every week or month is to them the equivalent of suspending business and the loss of good will, advertising patronage and circulation, which are the assets of these publications. This class of publications is found in numbers in the large cities. New York and Chicago are the homes of more than one thousand two hundred of them, Boston and Philadelphia produce about six hundred different ones, and Cleveland, Pittsburg, Cincinnati and St. Louis, and cities of similar size have their quota. Few of the publishers have their own plants, depending on book and job establishments for their mechani¬ cal work, and in the larger cities there have grown up book and job establishments which are devoted almost exclusively to the production of trade and class papers. Recent printing trades strikes in New York and Chicago have shown that it is next to impossible to induce these publication printing plants to resist the demands of labor unions. It matters not how willing the owners of the plants may be to resist the unions, they can not do it. Behind them is the influence of the men who own the publications they produce. -In the recent feeders’ strike in Chicago none of these publication plants resisted, because the owners of the publica¬ tions agreed in most instances, it is claimed, to stand an increase in their bills equal to the increase demanded by the feeders’ union. Under those circumstances the publication houses had no excuse to offer their customers for failure to print the publications on the publication day. In the Chicago 2-7 strike it was found that one hundred cylinder presses were in Typothetas offices devoted to publication work. In each of these offices day and night shifts were employed, thus furnish¬ ing employment to twice as many feeders as ' there were presses. Hence it was difficult to wholly defeat a union which was reasonably certain of gaining its demand for at least two hundred of its members. Like the daily newspaper, the weekly and monthly has changed greatly in character and value in the past ten years. There has been no great increase in the number of publications in the last decade, but they have increased in circulation and advertising patronage, and hence in value, to their owners. They come and go, and the best that one can do in estimating their number is to approximate. In New York, Boston, Phil¬ adelphia and Chicago, the great publication centers, there are not less than two thousand weeklies and monthlies. Their assets are intangible, invisible, uncertain, but they are of enormous worth nevertheless. Some of the most valuable of them had no existence ten years ago, but they now have circu¬ lations ranging from five hundred thousand to one million. If these publications fail to reach the subscribers on the days they expect to get them, the subscribers write letters to the publishers asking why their paper failed to come. This brings an avalanche of mail into the publication office. The publisher knows that 95 per cent of the letters are complaints, but he must have every letter opened and read, lest in the mass of mail there are envelopes containing payments for subscrip¬ tions, advertising or orders from new subscribers or advertisers. The influence and necessities of these publications merits serious consideration on the part of the employing book and job printer when confronted with demands made by the print¬ ing trades unions. Like the daily newspaper, every obstacle will be swept aside and every concession made to insure prompt publication. In the coming eight-hour contest, and in every labor contention, these publications are a menace — though an honest and fair menace — to the book and job employer of the United Typothetse of America. CONCERTED ACTION NECESSARY. While the interests of the newspaper and the book and job plant are not identical, the interests of both of the collateral branches of the printing business would best be served if there were conferences, and a measure of uniform action between them on labor matters. If the newspapers concede too much, they force the book and job branch to unfair concessions. Granting the influences and conditions which govern the news¬ papers in labor matters, and the imperative nature of their business, they have a community of interest with the men who employ twice as many of the followers of the trades who make up their mechanical forces. When the American News¬ paper Publishers’ Association is alarmed as to where the future printers are to come from, it is time that the publishers and the United Typothetse of America get together and insist that the typographical unions give a fair ratio of apprentices. That the daily newspapers of the country are chafing under the unfair wages, shop conditions and restrictions imposed on them by the unions is proved by the reports of the meeting of the American Newspaper Publishers’ Association held in New York city last February. At that meeting the labor question was discussed, and representative daily newspaper publishers told of the increasing and burdensome demands of the various unions, and the steps taken to avoid conflicts. There was complaint of apprentice restrictions, and fear was expressed that because of these restrictions the supply of printers would soon be exhausted. The newspaper publishers concede too much because of the nature of their business. These concessions have an unfortunate effect on the collateral branch of the printing business, the book and job line. Nearly all of the rules of the Typographical Union are made to fit the newspaper composing-room. These rules should never be 258 THE INLAND PRINTER accepted in the book and job office, and should never be per¬ mitted to become operative there. But once enacted, the effort is made to enforce them, and resistance means labor troubles. Labor troubles are expensive and so are the burdensome rules of the unions. They are enforced first in the big cities, and in time they are put into effect in the smaller places. Once established it is hard to change them, and thus a permanent injustice goes on. TYPOTHETAE NOTES. Efforts are being made to fix scale of wages for feeders in Milwaukee, Joliet and Minneapolis. The annual banquet of the Boston Typothetae was held at the Hotel Somerset Thursday evening, April 21, at 7 o’clock. A large representation of the printing trades of Boston and vicinity was present, and the event was the most successful and enthusiastic of any similar affair given by the Boston master printers. The Winnipeg Typothetae took such a firm stand against the demand of the Winnipeg Typographical Union for the eight-hour day that the union has abandoned the demand for the present. The union also asked for an advance in wages for book and job men, but the Typothetae hopes to secure a renewal of the old agreement. The Tri-city Typothetae, composed of the employing printers of Davenport, Rock Island and Moline, have closed a two-year agreement with the typographical union of the same cities, which provides a $15 scale for book and job men and the fifty-four-hour week. The demand of the union was $18 for a forty-eight-hour week, but the Typothetae was firm and gained its point. It is provided in the agreement that the question of the shorter workday goes to the national bodies for settlement. Franklin Union of pressfeeders of Chicago called its men out of the plant of the American Colortype Company, of Chicago, on April 1. Result: Another big office lost to the union, and another injunction to prevent the union members from adopting their usual slugging tactics. Thirty members of Franklin Union were replaced by International Printing Pressmen feeders, and the plant is running more successfully and satisfactorily than before. Three members of Franklin Union working in the Colortype plant having advanced to positions of pressmen, joined the Chicago pressmen’s union, and resigned from Franklin Union. Franklin Union members refused to work with them unless they remained in their union, thus placing a barrier in the way of advancement and improvement of its members. Michael Boland, a Franklin union picket, was shot and killed April 9, by Roy Travis, a member of the Chicago Print¬ ing Pressmen’s Feeders Union. The shooting occurred at midnight in a dark hallway leading to the printing house of Wagner & Hanson, 170 South Clinton street. The coroner’s jury exonerated Travis from all blame in connection with the killing, holding that he acted in self-defense. Thursday even¬ ing, April 15, Frank Brown, a non-union pressfeeder employed by the Henneberry Company, 552 Wabash avenue, Chicago, was shot and dangerously wounded by Franklin Union pickets. During April Franklin Union pickets waylaid and brutally assaulted two women pressfeeders employed in Chi¬ cago printing-houses. The records of Franklin Union for the past year are replete with cases of assault and bloodshed. Book and job members of the Louisville Typographical Union went on strike April 4 for the eight-hour day and an increase in scale from $16.50 a week to $18 a week. More than one hundred and fifty men went out. The Louisville Typothetae resisted the demand from the start, but a com¬ promise was offered by the Typothetae. It provided for a scale of $17.50 for two years on a fifty-four hour week basis; or $17 a week from April 1, 1904, to April 1, 1905, and $18 a week from April 1, 1905, to April 1, 1906, either of which would give the union the same wage return for the two years. The union made a counter proposition of $18 a week for two years and was willing to settle on that rate and waive the eight- hour demand. The Typothetae refused to concede the $18 scale and both sides determined to fight. The Typothetae offices are employing non-union men, and announce that in the future they will conduct “open shops.” They claim that they have the strike broken. The following advertisement appeared in the Chicago daily newspapers early in April : WANTED — Men with capital who will invest in a first-class printing office and bindery establishment with a capital of $1,000,000 and over. Advertiser will invest up to $500,000. A splendid opening in Chicago for a first-class plant along the lines indicated. Advertiser will give the best of bank references, and applicants must do the same. Chicago needs a first-class house in this business, and this is the finest proposition for legitimate investment that could be suggested along lines where only success can follow. Address O 174. Tribune office. How many competitive printing and binding plants are there in the United States capitalized at $1,000,000? Very few; and it has taken the few many, many years to build a business and to get the plants in shape to earn a compensating interest on an investment of $1,000,000. A brand-new $1,000,000 print¬ ing and binding plant in Chicago may look all right to the advertiser who says he has $500,000 to invest; to the men already in the trade it presents no attractive features. In a petition filed in the Common Pleas Court at Sylvania, Ohio, Patrick H. Galloway sues Toledo Typographical Union, No. 63, for $10,000 damages because the members of the union are alleged to have secured his discharge from the Andrews Printing Company, of Toledo, under threat that unless he was let out a boycott would be placed on the shop and the union label taken from it. Galloway represents that he has been a printer for a long term of years, that he has worked and taught the trade and has always been able to make a living by it. On September 15, 1903, he alleges, the union, through a committee, demanded of the Andrews Company that he be dis¬ charged, and the company complied with the request. On November 1, 1903, Galloway asserts, he applied for member¬ ship to the union, depositing an initiatory fee of $5, but through the conspiracy of certain of the long list of defendants, he asserts, his application was not accepted. Since that time he has been unable to gain employment, and asks damages in the sum stated. The “mushroom” union has broken into the printing business and is causing trouble to the employers and to the older and more substantial unions. One form of the “mush¬ room ” union is the bindery women’s organization, which went on strike in Chicago and St. Paul early in April. In both cities the men went out in sympathy with the girls. In St. Paul the Typothetae won a victory, both girls and men return¬ ing to work as individuals after being out three weeks. The binderies in St. Paul are now being operated on an “ open shop” basis, no discrimination being made between union and non-union help, and with no reduction in the wages paid before the strike occurred. In Chicago five large edition and two large blank book shops were struck for recognition of the bindery women’s union and enforcement of an unfair scale of wages. After being out a week three of the edition plants agreed to arbitration and the girls and men returned to work. The result of the arbitration was a wage scale for the girls almost identical with the scale offered by the Typothetae, but an apprentice clause is inserted which means the “closed shop.” The two edition plants and the two blank books not parties to the arbitration have refused to accept it, and the fight against the bindery women’s union was continued on the part of these shops. There is general dissatisfaction among the employers at the course pursued in these labor troubles by President Tatum of the International Brotherhood of Bookbinders. It is felt that it is useless to deal with the unions he represents in the future, if he pursues his present THE INLAND PRINTER 259 course. It is reported that on account of the St. Paul strike and the damage suits begun there against the bookbinders’ union by the Typothetae, the international convention of the bookbinders, which was to be held in St. Paul in June, has been transferred to St. Louis. The damage suits have tied up the money collected by the St. Paul union to pay for the entertainment of delegates and the expenses of the convention. The following circular has been sent to all local Typothetae from the headquarters of the United Typothetae of America: The eighteenth annual convention of the United Typothetae of America will be held in the city of St. Louis, Missouri, during the week commencing Monday, June 20, 1904, and will be called to order on the morning of Tuesday, June 21, at 10 o’clock, in the convention hall of the Century building, Ninth and Olive streets, continuing its sessions by its own direction until completion of the business presented. The approaching annual convention promises to be the most important in the history of the United Typothetae of America. The following vital matters will be brought up for action, namely: The question of an eight-hour day, which is now a serious issue in all branches of industry, and especially so in ours. The unions are pressing for this through national as well as local legislation, and we must declare our position at once in an emphatic manner. Too much stress can not be placed on this matter, as our members should realize that the unions connected with the printing trades are among the most active agencies seeking to bring the shorter work-day into effect. The proposed revision of the constitution, by which the organization is to be endowed with powers not previously possessed, will bring into prominence its future policy and the means necessary to carry on its work, and should, therefore, receive earnest consideration. The value of national cooperation in various lines of manufacture is being daily emphasized; and opportunity is afforded to ascertain how far those connected with the business of competitive printing may see their way to become more closely associated for conservation of interests. Headquarters will be at the Jefferson hotel. Twelfth and Locust streets, four blocks distant from the convention hall. At this hotel, which is a newly erected fireproof structure, 125 rooms have been reserved by the St. Louis Typothetae for use of delegates and friends; and it is urgently requested that applications be at once made for such accommodations as may be needed, to Mr. William L. Becker, chairman, 314 North Third street, St. Louis, who will cheerfully answer any inquiries. It is to be understood that any and all members of the organization, whether affiliated with a local typothete or individual, are entitled to be present and take part in the proceedings, the right of voting alone being confined to accredited delegates. Typothetae should send alter¬ nates as well as delegates. WONDERFULLY INFLUENTIAL. I take pleasure in enclosing New York exchange for renewal of my subscription. I can not conceive of any expen¬ diture that gives me more pleasure, as I certainly think The Inland Printer the most superb trade journal published. It is really wonderful to note the influence it has had over me; why, it has absolutely pushed me into a first-class job-printing business, and I am heartily glad that it has exerted this power, for I am now in a business that is thoroughly con¬ genial, and myself and two printers are now and have been since I opened up just as busy as we can be. We wish you the success that you so richly deserve and which, no doubt, you are having. — A. J. Embree, Belton, Texas. BAD THROUGHOUT. Would-be Contributor — You did not read all my article that you rejected. I pasted a few of the pages together and they weren’t opened. Editor — Do I have to eat a whole egg to know that it is bad? DESIGNING FOR PRINTERS. “ The Principles of Design,” by E. A. Batchelder, instructor in Throop Polytechnic Institute, Pasadena, California, just issued by The Inland Printer Company, is one of the most direct books on the subject ever issued. It is especially adapted for printer students and makes for broader and better work¬ manship. Postpaid, $3. THE TRUE SPIRIT OF UNIONISM. MONG the remarkable happenings following the Balti¬ more fire, was the publication of the Evening News (12 to 16 pages) from its own plant two weeks after its old office had been reduced to ashes. The outfit included twenty-one Linotypes and three modern presses. That this involved the expenditure of much money by the management and hard work on the part of the employes will be readily conceded by the initiated. Some men were on their feet for thirty straight hours, and printers worked in the old foundry that was being converted into a printing-office while the rain poured through the roof as through a sieve, warming their benumbed bodies at charcoal fires. Yet, with all these incon¬ veniences, there was no grumbling, nor was overtime charged, in reciprocation of the management’s consideration in notifying all employes that they would be continued on the pay-roll. One day, when the starting hour was 6 a.m. and “all in” was called about 8:30 p.m. (with an intermission of fifteen minutes for lunch), a chapel meeting was called and, amid the din raised by steamfitters, electricians, boilermakers and hammering carpenters, the following was adopted: Whereas, Mr. Charles H. Grasty, president of The Evening News Publishing Company of Baltimore, on the evening of February 7, while the News office was in flames and before it was possible to make arrange¬ ments for the future, declared that no employe should suffer monetary loss by reason of the fire then devastating our city, and ordered that all employes be paid their wages in full; and. Whereas, Under the masterly direction of Mr. Grasty, the many obstacles which then beset the publishers of this city were speedily overcome, the mechanical departments of the News were reestablished in Baltimore within an unprecedentedly short period, and the paper devoting its virile energies to the advocacy of the rapid rehabilitation of the city and the building of a greater and a better Baltimore; and, Whereas, We do not believe that expressions of gratitude or esteem should be reserved for the unheeding ears of the dead; therefore, be it Resolved, That the members of the composing-room force of the News extend their hearty congratulations to Mr. Grasty on the unpar¬ alleled success that has attended his well-directed efforts, and assure him of the pride we feel in having played a humble part in assisting in bringing to fruition the inspiring policy which has characterized his management during the recent trying ordeal; that we gladly acknowledge our indebtedness for the great advantage derived from such an example of untiring zeal and rare good judgment, and applaud as well-merited the action of his fellow-publishers in acording him a place in the fore- Resolved, That we hereby express our thanks for and hearty appre¬ ciation of the magnanimous treatment meted out tb us by Mr. Grasty; always just and liberal, from a pecuniary view-point it was an act worthy of the man; and timed as it was, it illumined the all-pervading gloom, bidding us face the future with light hearts and buoyant spirits; further¬ more, it taught the beneficent lesson, too seldom exemplified in these days of strenuous endeavor, that brilliant achievement in the industrial world is not incompatible with generous treatment of one’s employes, and, whatever the vicissitudes of life may be, Mr. Grasty’s action on that occasion will always remain a pleasant memory with us; and be it further Resolved, That these preambles and resolutions be spread upon the records of the Chapel, and a committee appointed to present to Mr. Grasty in an appropriate manner assurances of our appreciation and esteem, with the wish that, after a long and prosperous career, when the inevitable “ 30 ” comes, his grieving friends may be able to say, “ Good¬ ness and mercy followed him all the days of his life.” Together with a sonnet appropriate to the occasion and a roster of the chapel, the foregoing was handsomely engrossed and bound in album form in the best seal leather, lined with silk. The News is at present conducting its business in three buildings several squares apart, and one day Mr. Grasty, in response to notification that the chapel wished to See him, hustled over to the editorial and mechanical building, wonder¬ ing what new difficulty had to be straightened out and considerably nettled at the thought that the printers should be adding to his troubles. He was looking his sternest when he faced the chapel, and his features did not relax into the wonted “ smile-that-don’t-come-off ” until the chapel’s spokes¬ man informed him of the purpose of the meeting — to thank him for having blended so excellently a desirable feature of the old regime with a highly developed condition of modem industrialism; that while his force was so well organized 260 THE INLAND PRINTER that each unit was but as a cog in the machine, yet he did not forget that those units were men, and always treated them as such. Mr. Grasty’s reply was brief, because in his embarrassment he could not find words to express his appreciation of what the printers had done for the News during its recent strug¬ gles. They were performing wonders every day, and had never failed to meet the demands made upon them, though often exceeding the wildest expectations: Mr. Grasty quite gratuitously complimented the typographical union, which had by force of its good workers and reasonableness compelled him to revise views he once held. “ Nothing gives me more pleasure,” said he, “ than to tell one-eyed capitalists how we get along with the unions, and of the loyalty of our rock-ribbed union men.” In an editorial comment on the incident, the News com¬ mended the typographical union as an example for other trade unions to follow, and said : “ The cordial words of the printers are thoroughly appreciated, and it is a pleasure to be able to say with equal sincerity that the workmanlike excel¬ lence, the conscientious care, and the thorough-going loyalty of the printers is a constant source of satisfaction and pride to the News’ management. Had it not been for the sterling quality of the men in the printing and mechanical departments of the paper, the results that were accomplished in the trying fortnight after the fire would have been impossible of attain¬ ment. What is manifested in normal times in the shape of intelligence, alertness, good humor and good will, showed up splendidly at the time of trial in the shape of unremitting labor, determined vigilance and the willingness and ability to meet every emergency as it arose. This characterized every department of the newspaper’s force.” The News has bought one of the best corner lots in Baltimore, and expects to occupy its new building by January i next. The structure will be 75 by 75 feet, and up-to-date in every respect. ENVELOPE PRINTING. When a person opens out a box of envelopes, then prints them, then closes them and puts them back in the box, taking up double the usual amount of time, he has either very little to do or is not “ on to ” his job. Many good printers never open envelopes in printing; largely because they were not taught to do so ; but they probably would if they realized how simple a thing it is, and how much better printing can be done, with¬ out the slightest loss in time. In short runs there is a saving of the time spent in make-ready. Lay two or three bunches of envelopes on the feedboard, flap up, with the open side of the envelope from you. Run your thumb under the flap as you pick it up, giving it a slight jerk to straighten it out as you put it in the press. In taking it up with the left hand draw it off exactly as you would a postal or larger card and your thumb will close the flap. Lock up the form in the usual way and then reverse the chase in putting it in the press ; this will bring it in the right position for printing. The writer has often kicked an 8 by 12 jobber and printed 1,500 an hour in this way. It might not be practicable when printing at a very high speed ; but printing at a speed of 2,000 or under per hour there is no time lost in opening envelopes, the type is not damaged and the printing is perfect. — Pointers. APPRECIATED GENEROSITY. The firm in whose employ I am at present generously subscribes to The Inland Printer for me, and I am pleased to note that other firms do the same for their employes. We can all afford to subscribe for it, no doubt, but such a gift, coming from an employer, is highly appreciated and an incen¬ tive to study and greater effort. — Frederick F. Turner, New York city, New York. COLOR IN THE GRAPHIC ARTS.* TWELFTH PAPER. N connection with the blue colors, let us now observe the violet. In these we find a predominance of lakes. No mineral or earth color that we know, either native or artificial, can furnish a pure and brilliant violet shade practi¬ cable for graphic purposes. Even the violet ultramarine holds no position of importance. Violet can, indeed, be produced by mixing red and blue, but the resulting shades are more or less dull and impure. The violet lakes, too, precipitated from decoctions of logwood by means of acetate of alumina, even with admixture of madder or alizarine, are of beauty only when fresh, and of but moderate durability. .The same is true of the violet lakes obtained from decoctions of Brazil¬ wood by precipitation with ferruginous alum. A fairly durable violet color is producible from indigo, by heating in sulphuric acid and subsequent treatment with a soda solution; but it is little used. Litmus may be mentioned here as a vegetable dyestuff obtained from a species of lichen native to Holland. It is a violet-blue dye, less employed in printing or painting than in the chemical laboratory, where its property of being colored red by acids and blue by alkalies gives it an important use as a reagent, for determining whether a liquid is acid or alkaline. Its color is not permanent in light and air. The first violet coal-tar dye manufactured as a pure crystal¬ line substance and introduced to commerce was, as we have already seen, the so-called mauveine, discovered by Perkin in 1856. Aniline is at the foundation of this, and by different chemical treatment all shades of violet between red and blue are produced in inexhaustible variety. Other violet coal-tar colors are Hofmann’s violet colors, or dahlia-colors, methyl- violet and Parisian violet. The coal-tar lakes, with their manifold variety and bril¬ liancy, have all one common fault, namely, a great lack of permanence. Scarcely any one of them can resist the influence of light and air for any length of time, and those produced from alizarine are almost the only ones which will take varnish. We are helped out of this difficulty by a vegetable dyestuff called alkannine, obtained as a resinous extract from the root of the alkanna plant, or ox-tongue, native to southern Europe. By means of tin-salt and alum, this dyestuff, in itself red, is produced in violet and violet-blue shades, whose price, to be sure, is so high — one hundred and fifty marks per kilo — that they can only be employed for very special purposes, as, for example, in valuable papers, where a fast color is indispensable. The violet-tinted solferino and magenta reds are produced by aid of fuchsine and methyl-violet; they, are very sensitive colors, and have the undesirable quality of sinking deep into the paper. We come now to the green colors, of which few occur pure in nature. The so-called green earth is a silicic compound of magnesium and alumina, to which a proportion of ferrous oxide gives color. It is mined in Bohemia, the Tyrol, Italy, the Harz mountains and Saxony, also in England and on the Island of Cyprus. It comes from the mines in a clayey, tena¬ cious, moist mass, and is dried and ground before coming upon the market. It varies greatly in depth of color and shade ; is used in painting houses, on account of its resistance to lime and to the influences of the weather. Mountain-green, which bears the mineralogical name of malachite, resembles lapis lazuli in the manner of its occur¬ rence and in its employment. The larger pieces, which will take a high polish, are worked into articles of ornament; the refuse fragments are ground and washed to obtain the pure mountain-green as a color. It is a basic copper compound, copper carbonate. The color is very brilliant, but does not * Translated from Allgem. Anzeiger fur Druckereien for The Inland Printer. THE INLAND PRINTER 261 give itself out well as an oil or water color, neither is it very durable. The so-called green ocher is an artificial product, obtained by treating ordinary yellow ocher with nitric acid, yellow blood-lye-salt and green vitriol. If caustic soda, potassium chlorate and brownstone are melted together and lixiviated with water, the solution gives, with nitrate of baryta, a violet precipitate, which again, dried and heated with caustic baryta, gives baryta green, a very durable but not especially brilliant color. From a solution of chloride of barium with sulphuric acid and potassium bichromate there is also precipitated a green color, whose tone is due to the green chromoid separated and distributed through the mass. Cobalt, together with zinc, gives the so-called cobalt green. Hydrated cobaltous oxide is mixed with zinc-white to a reddish pulp, which, when dried and heated, becomes green; an admixture of phosphoric acid or arsenic acid makes the coloring more intense. In the case of cobalt, as with many other metallic oxides and salts, the change of color depends upon the fact that certain compounds containing water are differently colored from those of the same composition which are free from it. It is not merely that the substances in question are moist — that is, that they have water mechanically adhering to them — but the chemically bound water, called water of crystallization, comes into account. Sulphate of copper (copper vitriol), for example, absorbs five parts of water in the process of sepa¬ rating from the crystallizing solution or mother-liquor, in beautiful large crystals of a splendid dark blue color. If these crystals are heated, the water leaves them; but while that mechanically adhering would disappear altogether at a temperature of ioo°C., the chemically bound water is removed more slowly, and a temperature of 240°C. is required to free the compound from it. The copper vitriol, free from water, is a white powder. If moistened with water or exposed to damp air, it becomes blue again by absorbing water. Certain compounds of cobalt which contain water have a beautiful red color which changes to blue on removal of the water. This property of cobalt has been turned to account in a toy where a red or blue color appears according as the atmosphere is damp or dry. Copper colors are important among the green mineral colors. We have already mentioned the natural copper color, malachite, or mountain-green ; and it must be added that this is artificially imitated, exactly, as ultramarine imitates lapis lazuli. The simplest method is by precipitation from a solution of copper sulphate, with potassium carbonate, and an addition of kaolin or hydrate of alumina. The color is not especially vivid. A color called Brunswick green was formerly much in use, obtained by precipitation from a solution of copper vitriol and potassic tartrate (argols), with a solution of potash in milk of lime, and a proportion of arsenic. Heavy spar, kaolin and pipe-clay were added to increase the weight and to lighten the shade. Neuwieder green, or “patent green,” is manufactured in a similar way; of late verdigris is used for this color, mixed with arsenic, gypsum, and suitable proportions of heavy spar and pipe-clay. The mineral green, or Scheel green, named from Scheel, the Swedish chemist, who first produced it, has the constituents just mentioned, in different proportions and with variations in the manner of preparation. Schweinfurt green, first produced in the Sattler manufac¬ tory at Schweinfurt, is a chemical compound of acetate and arsenate of copper. It is obtained by bringing together solu¬ tions of arsenious acid (white arsenic) and basic acetate of copper (verdigris). In the concentrated hot solutions is formed a pulpy precipitate, which contracts, or gathers into crystals, often of remarkable size. The French verdigris is more suited to its manufacture than the German. Schweinfurt green can also be produced from copper vitriol, arsenic, vine¬ gar and soda, if it is desired to avoid the use of verdigris, which is a rather expensive material. The methods of manu¬ facturing this color have been varied in many respects, and thence it is that the same product bears manifold names; we will only mention Eisleben green, Pickel green, Paris green, Imperial green, Swedish green, Swiss green, Wurzburg green, and Zwickau green; but there are numerous other designa¬ tions. French names are “Vert de Mitis,” “Vendres vertes,” “Vert de Paul Veronese”; an English designation is “emerald green.” Guignet’s green, or emerald green, is a product similar to Schweinfurt green, prepared from sulphate of copper, arsenate of sodium and acetic or formic acid. Schweinfurt green is to a certain extent a collective name for all copper acetate colors containing arsenic. It is insoluble in water; on being boiled with water it becomes brown and gives off acetic acid; it is Copyright, 1904, by The Postum Cereal Company, Ltd. MAUD MULLER. From a water-color design by C. Warde Traver. decomposed by acids and alkalies. It is used as an oil and water color, resists light well, but like all copper colors, is very sensitive to hydrogen sulphide. The manufacture of arsenical colors is well known to be very dangerous, since the materials concerned are violent poisons. We will mention verdigris as one of the copper colors not containing arsenic. It appears in commerce as a neutral acetate of copper, in crystals, or as a basic acetate, in the form of balls. The latter is the French verdigris, the better variety. Crystallized verdigris is obtained by pouring acetic acid over cuttings or other pure copper waste, and leaving the two together, under a process of stirring, or of draining off and refilling, until the acetic acid is perfectly saturated by the copper. The liquor is evaporated until crystallization begins ; and the result, after cooling, is an impure crystalline mass, which is freed from the mother-liquor and prepared for recrys¬ tallization by repeated solution in water. The crystallizing vessels are kept warm, and threads or rods are suspended in them, upon which, in the course of a few days, the large, well developed dark green crystals are deposited. This method 262 THE INLAND PRINTER yields very beautiful crystals, but requires a great deal of time and is, therefore, expensive. The acetate of lime method is preferred, in which, from solutions of copper vitriol and acetate of lime, the insoluble sulphate of lime is precipitated, while acetate of copper remains in the solution, and is filtered off and made to crystallize. From sugar of lead (lead ace¬ tate), or acetate of baryta, with sulphate of copper, the insoluble sulphate of lead or of baryta can be precipitated, while acetate of copper remains in the solution. But verdigris is most simply produced, and also in the purest quality, by the solution of sulphate of copper in acetic acid. The neutral, that is, the crystallized verdigris, was originally manufactured by the Dutch, who, to mislead the other manufacturers of the same color, called their product “ distilled verdigris.” The French, or blue verdigris, is basic acetate of copper, or an acetate in which there is more copper than the acetic acid can reduce to the salt. It is manufactured chiefly in the neighborhood of Montpellier, from grape-skins, which are subjected to a process of fermentation whereby the sugar is changed to alcohol and finally to acetic acid. At this point the skins are placed in layers, alternately with sheets of copper, in earthen vessels, and left for some time. The copper becomes overlaid with verdigris, which is scraped off, kneaded in water and shaped into balls. This variety of verdigris has a more or less bluish tinge, caused probably by cupric hydrate. In Grenoble a green verdigris is obtained by wetting plates of copper with vinegar, or placing them in layers with sheets of felt soaked in vinegar. Pure verdigris is perfectly soluble in ammonia or sulphuric acid. Chalk, copper vitriol and acetate of lime occur as impu¬ rities. Aside from the manufacture of Schweinfurt green, verdigris is used as an oil and water color, in the dyeing of textile materials, and in pharmaceutics for making an eye-wash, as a caustic for “ proud flesh ” and in the foot and mouth dis¬ ease of animals. The green deposits which often form upon brass and copper utensils, and are commonly called verdigris, are for the most part not really this, but basic carbonates or nitrates of copper. All the copper colors, verdigris and Schweinfurt green in the very first instance, are exceedingly poisonous, and their employment is strictly limited by law. But since we have an abundance of other green colors from which to choose, we are not at all embarrassed thereby. Many of the above-mentioned colors were formerly used in the graphic industries, but at the present time they are made no account of, having been supplanted and far surpassed in fullness, beauty and perma¬ nence by the achievements of color chemistry. They have been considered here rather for their historical than for their practical significance, for, as a matter of fact, not one of them is now in actual use in our branch of industry. We might count up a number of other colors, such, for example, as the green ultramarine, which resemble them in composition, and might seem from their properties well adapted to our purposes; but we will refrain, lest our descriptions become tedious, and turn our attention to the green colors which are of practical importance and in every-day use. (To be continued.) OWES MUCH TO THE INLAND PRINTER. I am occupying a position as commercial printer and am free to say that I owe as much to the ideas gleaned from your excellent paper as to my own worth and effort. — /. Edzvard Barrett, Bloomington, Illinois. SEEING HIS NAME IN PRINT. Swatter — I see you are mentioned in one of the books j ust published. Primly — Indeed! What book? Swatter — The directory.— Chicago Nezvs. Written for The Inland Printer. LONDON NOTES. SOME years ago there was a general cheapening in the price of the great American daily papers, many of them lowering to i cent per copy. Now we have a similar movement here, and two of the leading London dailies have reduced their price to a half-penny, being the cent equivalent. The Daily Chronicle was the first to announce the reduction, but fixed the date upon which it was to take place a few weeks ahead. Three or four days afterward the Daily News stole a march on its opponent, and at a day’s notice appeared at a half-penny, all the original features, including size, being retained, practically giving the public a penny paper for a half-penny. The Chronicle likewise lowered its price on the appointed day, also keeping to its former size, but introducing a different style of dress, following the example set by some of the sensational dailies in introducing three-line and scare headings to most of its news paragraphs,, even if they contained less than a stickful of matter. Apart from the competitive element, however, the new departure speaks eloquently of the enormous advance that has been made in recent years in print¬ ing economics, rendering this remarkable cheapening process possible. As the Daily News aptly puts it : “ The steady reduction in the price of paper of late years, coupled with the astonishing inventions in regard to stereotyping, machine setting and printing, has made the half-penny paper possible, if not inevitable.” And so we are getting now far more' for a half-penny than our grandfathers got for sixpence, in literary matter, not to speak of the fine reproduction of drawings of current incidents and prominent people, by first-rate artists, that is such a striking characteristic of present-day news¬ papers. Lord Salisbury’s scornful retort, “ What good thing can be expected to emanate from a penny newspaper,” thus becomes even more antiquated and confounded. To produce and sell a large twelve-page newspaper at this price is only made possible by skilful staff organization and by having the mechanical departments properly equipped with the most per¬ fect and up-to-date appliances and machinery, although whether such a cutting of prices will eventually pay is a question that time alone can answer. By the time these notes appear in print the Printers’ Exhi¬ bition at the Agricultural Hall here will be in full swing. All the leading printers’ engineers of Great Britain, as well as German and American firms having houses on this side, will be represented by specimens of their manufactures, and print¬ ing, bookbinding and manufacturing stationery machinery and appliances will be on view. The two rival firms, Raphael Tuck & Sons and Wrench & Co., Ltd., who compete in the production of pictorial post-cards, are both well represented, and the paper houses have made a very decent show. It is some time since an exhibition of this kind was held in the metropolis, and during the period that has elapsed since then great advances have taken place in process engraving. This is illustrated by the great progress noticeable in the specimens of work, not only in half-tone but in three-color printing, that are shown at the exhibition. In addition to the trade exhibitors proper, there are special exhibits of fine printing by all processes, with competitions for medals and diplomas of merit ; art illustrations in monochrome and color, picture post¬ ers, picture post-cards, show-cards and advertising printing, advertising novelties, chromo picture calendars, illuminated addresses, cloth and “ extra ” bookbindings, technical hand¬ books and trade literature, and there will be a historical exhi¬ bition of printed works, books and prints, from the earliest times down to 1903, with a special exhibit of Japanese prints in monochrome and color by the great masters of the art, dating from 1660. In connection with various printers’ chari¬ table associations it is proposed to set apart a portion of the THE INLAND PRINTER 263 sales of tickets as a contribution to such of their benevolent funds as may require it. Some of the original patents of the Linotype machine hav¬ ing expired, a number of inventors are about to put appli¬ ances of a similar character on the market. One of these composing machines has just passed the experimental stage and a practical exhibit of its powers was given the other day. It is called the “ String-o-Type,” and is the invention of Mr. Stringer, a journalist who has spent much time in Australia, having been a reporter to the Tasmanian Parliament when the introduction of the typewriter to aid him in his work caused him to turn his attention to keyboard composing ma¬ chines. Like other inventors in a similar direction, his first attempts were directed to produce matrices on flong, but this naturally was a failure. During a trip to Chicago, he saw the Linotype machine, and that turned his attention to a new channel of invention. The Monotype and the Typograph after¬ ward received his attention, and now he claims to have sur¬ passed all these machines in the one he has brought before the trade. His main idea has been to produce a one-man type casting, setting and justifying machine. The “String-o-Type” is really partly a Linotype, many of its adjustments being sim¬ ilar, and the matrices and spaces the same. There the resem¬ blance ends. Mr. Stringer has abandoned the solid-line idea, and his assembled matrices produce single types instead of slugs; after justification the line of matrices is separated and one at a time given to the casting mold. The matrix is presented to the mold on the flat, but an automatic locking action holds it quite rigid during the operation of casting. The inventor claims for this method an absence of burred edges. Having passed the casting mold, the types are carried to an assembly race, the fins are removed and the line as set up is delivered on a galley. The matrices, when the line is cast, are carried back to the distributor, almost a duplicate of the Linotype. The keyboard is practically the same as other mechanical typesetters, the only addition to the fingering being that at the end of each line an extra key has to be touched. The inventor claims that the “ String-o-Type ” will turn out as good, if not better, work than either the Monotype, Lino¬ type or Typograph, and while not claiming a phenomenal speed, guarantees about twelve to fifteen thousand ems per hour. Whether the machine proves a practical one or not, it is a remarkable example of ingenuity and of the application of skill and inventive faculty. The same inventor has made an automatic justifier for use with any typesetting machine, and this appliance is intended to transform a two-man into a one-man machine; in this justifier there is no calculation of the number of spaces required and the operator has only to wait until the bell rings for an overset line. A feature is the small space occupied, its size being but 26 by 12 by 18 inches. Electricity is coming more into favor every year in this country as motive power for print¬ ing machinery and also for the lighting of workshops, but in many of our cities and towns the rates charged by the electrical supply com¬ panies are too prohibitive for any but those in a very large way of business, and consequently the smaller printers have fallen back upon gas engines to drive their machinery, and are con¬ tent to light their workshops with gas, and even in some cases with the old-fashioned kerosene lamp. Where a printer can afford, however, to put in an electric generating plant to drive his motors and do his lighting, it is much cheaper than obtaining the current from the usual public supplies, but to establish such a generating plant is expensive, and it is only the biggest houses that can afford the luxury of generating their own current. The introduc¬ tion of the “ Schmitz gas-generating plant ” is announced to remedy this to a considerable extent, as it enables any firm to make electricity from what is known as “ producer ” gas, that is a cheap form that has come into use in manufacturing circles during the past few years. Of course this gas is entirely unsuitable for lighting, but for driving gas engines it can be utilized in a remarkably econom¬ ical manner. The great drawback to the use of gas of this class is that the necessary gasometer possesses a certain dan¬ ger that would not be allowed in crowded towns by fire insur¬ ance companies. In the Schmitz apparatus, the problem of producing gas without a gasometer has been solved with success by the invention of the so-called “ suction gas ” method, where the piston of the gas engine, in addition to its usual function, serves at the same time for maintaining the influx of hydrogen which, by a chemical combination with the carbon of the fuel, produces gas by a very simple and cheap process without the slightest risk of fire and without any danger what¬ ever to the operator. The gas engine driven by “ producer ” gas is used to drive a dynamo which generates the required electricity for both motors and lighting, and the cost is so small that with a small gas plant of eight horse-power it is less than a farthing per Board of Trade unit of electricity. The Daily and Weekly Graphic, two of our best illustrated papers, have been installed in handsome new offices on the Thames Embankment, in which the editorial and mechanical staff are housed in a most comfortable and complete manner. The Prince and Princess of Wales inaugurated the new building the other day, and witnessed the various processes by which an illustrated newspaper is produced. The tour began in the composing-room, where their Royal Highnesses were shown the methods of typesetting, and saw for themselves written matter transformed into print. Thence they went to the foundry, and here a large page of type and illustration was taken through the various processes applied to it. Plates were in turn cast, molded, finished and nickeled, and in each and all of these processes they manifested the greatest interest. After they had seen practically the whole method of preparing a plate for the machines, they descended to the machine-room in the basement. On the way they visited the folding and stitching rooms. In the basement eight electrically driven printing machines, each with its complement of workmen, awaited the arrival of the Prince and Princess in order to begin the task of printing. The machines were electrically connected with a silver switch, which had been mounted on an antique oak pedestal. On the invitation of the mayor, the Princess pressed the switch and set the machinery in motion. This practically concluded the tour of inspection, but before leaving the building the visitors examined with great attention 264 THE INLAND PRINTER the methods of “overlaying,” and subsequently looked through the collections of war drawings which have been made by the Graphic. Among those in which they took great interest were the sketches sent out by runner from Ladysmith by the late W. T. Maud, and the drawings on tissue-paper which left Paris by balloon when it was besieged during the Franco- Prussian War of 1870. A well-known London firm making and dealing in printing and similar machinery of all kinds in London has got into difficulties on account of bad trade and shortness of money. The business of Messrs. W. C. Horne & Co. has progressed rapidly of late years, possibly too rapidly for the prevailing conditions of business, and now, for the before mentioned THE PHOTO PRINT TRIMMER DISCARDED. ANEW and simple means has been invented by Mr. F. C. White, of the James White Paper Company, Chicago, for making photo prints, either from films or glass plates, in perfect register on the paper, and with any descrip¬ tion of border — - doing away with the print trimmer, and giving a finish and effectiveness to the photo print hitherto impossible to obtain. Examples of the work are shown herewith in the form of half-tones of the prints enclosed in slip mounts. Special atten¬ tion is called to the variety of borders shown in the examples. These can be varied to any degree — the only limitation being A SUMMER OUTING. reasons, the business has been placed in charge of a liquidator, and a reconstruction of the company, possibly with a reduced capital, is to take place. Messrs. Horne have introduced into this country many excellent American machines and have pushed them well. They are the agents for the famous Kidder presses and other appliances made in the United States. PRIVATE MAILING CARD RULING. The Postoffice Department has decided that postal-cards issued by private persons bearing on the address side the words “ United States of America ” are unmailable. Such cards will be accepted until July 1, 1904, however. VALUABLE TO ALL. The printers in my office inform me that The Inland Printer has been of incalculable value to them in the jobbing department, and insist on having it for another year. I have also found the magazine of great practical value in adver¬ tising. I have carefully examined several printers’ journals, and yours is to them as A is to Z in the alphabet. — Archer B. Wallace, The South Side Observer, Rockville Center, Neiv York. the skill and taste of the operator. The invention is extremely simple and easily manipulated. The process is protected by patent, and it will be in the market very shortly. It has created general interest among amateur photographers as well as among professionals. BOOK FOR PHOTOGRAPHERS. A neatly bound 156-page book, entitled “Artistic Retouch¬ ing,” from the pen of Clara Weisman, and published by H. A. Hyatt, St. Louis, Missouri, has been received. It treats on a subject of interest to all photographers, amateur and profes¬ sional. It is written in a most lucid style by one thoroughly familiar with her theme, and expressly for photographers who desire to improve their work by study of the underlying principles. The price is $2.50 prepaid and the book can be purchased from The Inland Printer Company. A HARMONIOUS NOTE. You receive many kind words regarding the usefulness and beauty of The Inland Printer, so permit me to say to you that in this paradise of ours your publication is a very harmonious note. — Bulletin Publishing Company, Ltd., Hono¬ lulu, Territory Hawaii. THE INLAND PRINTER 265 HALF-TONE STEREOTYPING. THE cost of duplicating half-tone blocks is a very impor¬ tant item in the close-cut quotations of the modem printer. Electrotyping is generally resorted to where the margin of profit will not allow of original duplicates, and experience compels the admission that very fair results are obtained by this process. However, comparatively few print¬ ers possess an electrotyping plant, and are therefore obliged to send out their work, the ‘disadvantage of which procedure is obvious. The object of these notes is to call attention to the fact that most printers have the means of quick and cheap block duplication on their premises. Printing establishments which do not possess a stereotyping our friend, the next time he has a suitable job, gets an impres¬ sion taken of the complete plate; the result, while probably far from perfect, should encourage him to make special efforts. The hints which follow may be helpful to him in his experi¬ ments. Although good results may often be obtained by molding half-tones together with the surrounding matter, the best way is, in our opinion, to make a separate operation wherever pos¬ sible. The plate is taken off the wood mount, two or three impressions on art paper of medium thickness having previ¬ ously been taken. A sheet of stereotype metal, an inch or two wider all round than the half-tone plate, and cast to pica gauges, must be in readiness. Now prepare, by means of the plant are few, while those who do possess one and fail to realize its capabilities are, singularly enough, legion. One of the reasons for the non-development of stereotyping in many offices is the fact that such work is often allotted to a youth or other inexperienced person who understands only the rudi¬ ments of his craft. Another reason is that most pressmen regard stereotypes with an unfavorable eye, having probably at some period had happy times with “ casts ” of the up-and- down variety. Again, many competent members of the flong- flogging fraternity hesitate to extend the utility of their art (it is really an art) for various reasons, one of them being the dubious esteem in which it is held by the pressmen afore¬ said. That half-tone and other fine work can be successfully stereotyped is an indubitable fact; the reason why it is not generally practiced being due, probably, to one of the fore¬ going causes. It is also true that certain progressive stereo¬ typers are, and have been for some time, producing good results in half-tone and three-color block work. It very often happens that a page of matter containing half¬ tone blocks finds its way to the foundry for duplication. The stereotyper molds this in the usual way, and then, after cast¬ ing, proceeds to cut out the block portions with the intention of inserting originals or even electros. It would be well if impressions on art paper, a simple underlay. The high lights should be cut away in one sheet, and the heavy or solid por¬ tions built up on the same. It would be best to obtain the assistance of a pressman in this matter of underlaying, should the stereotyper mistrust his own capacity. The underlay being prepared, it should be applied by pasting all over in its proper position on the back of the half-tone plate. Now paste a sheet of fairly thick paper (some operators prefer blotting- paper) on both sides, and lay this on the sheet of stereotype metal. Impose the underlaid half-tone on this, laying 4-to-pica leads all round and within about a nonpareil of the plate. To secure adhesion, cover all with a few sheets of blotting- paper, place in a cold box and screw down for a few moments. Now as to composition of the flong. Almost any flong in general use would do, but the writer has known exception¬ ally. good results to be obtained by the use of tissue and blotting paper. Also most paste mixtures are equally effective, though precipitate of chalk in the place of whiting, and dextrin instead of glue, are to be recommended. It is advised that the flong should be prepared some little time before it is needed, this increasing its penetrating properties. The half-tone is brushed over with paraffin in preference to machine oil, the flong laid over it and beaten in by the 266 THE INLAND PRINTER brush in the usual manner. A small, smooth-faced hammer is then used to further drive the flong into the interstices of the plate. In beating with the hammer, care must be- exer¬ cised not to “edge” it, as damage might result to the plate; it is, however, easy to avoid “edging.” Having built up the flong to the required thickness, beat in with brush again, and then place in the hot box, screwing down tightly. A good, strong box is a necessity at this stage, as much pressure must be used to secure the best results. It is possible to convert a bookbinder’s screw-press by the fixing of gas jets underneath into a splendid molding box for our purpose, its immense strength and the great leverage to be obtained on the screw being of infinite value in half-tone stereotyping. to use Dalziel mounts where available, these mounts being dead level and specially suited to the purpose. Where metal mounts are not at hand, exercise great care, as previously men¬ tioned, in selecting level, unwarped wood. It is of assistance to the' pressman if the plates are screwed on the mounts in preference to tacking, this method of mounting making it easier to raise the plates for the purpose of interlaying. Where plates are nailed on it is necessary to unlock the form, take out the block and raise the pins by banging the bottom of the block on an imposing surface, the noise of which operation being much appreciated by those in the immediate vicinity. Of course the plate may be forced up by inserting a chisel between the plate and mount and using leverage. The draw- A FAMILY GATHERING. To return to our mold. Screw down at intervals, as the flong sinks or reduces under the pressure and heat. When no further squeeze can be employed, allow the usual time for drying, when the mold or matrix will be ready. It is well to dust the mold very lightly with French chalk, applied by means of a soft brush, before taking a cast from it. Many plates may be taken from one mold, it being very seldom necessary to remold through the metal sticking to and tearing the matrix ; this is owing to the metal having very little grip of the mold, as compared with that experienced in deep-type matrices. When a pull is obtained of the resultant plate, the benefit of underlaying previous to molding will readily be seen. If the underlay has been properly prepared, the stereotype will have all the advantages of an interlaid half-tone. How this is effected is easily understood when the fact is pointed out that copper and zinc (and, indeed, every other metal) bend much more easily when in a heated condition than when cold. Thus, when in the hot molding or drying box, the portions of the plate which are not underlaid are forced down somewhat, the underlaid portions remaining high, and consequently the mold reproduces these features with gratifying results. Care should be taken that the mounting wood is unwarped and of regular height. It will be found of great advantage back to this is that the plate is bent upward at the edges, and also that stereotype metal, being more brittle than copper or zinc, the liability of the plate breaking is very great. One large firm of printers who prepare their own half-tone blocks, and, of course, have a knowledge of pressroom requirements, screw on all their plates. Process etchers would do well to study this point. Where it is necessary to mold type and blocks together, the method of applying great pressure while in the drying- box must be modified somewhat for obvious reasons. If pos¬ sible, the block should be. interlaid, that is, an underlay should be prepared and interposed between the plate and mount. Have the form made ready at press entirely by underlay. The block should be exactly type-high when made ready, but when the stereotyper takes in hand the underlaid form, he must bring the block or blocks above the type level by at least the thickness of a stout ivory card; the reason for this is that the wood mounts invariably sink during the drying process to an appreciable extent. The form is molded in the usual man¬ ner, with the exception that the hammer is used as before indicated to further drive the flong into the mesh of the half¬ tone. Before placing in the hot box, paste a stout ivory card on the back of the mold, corresponding to the position of the THE INLAND PRINTER 267 half-tone; this is to insure that more impression is used on the half-tone than on the type portion of the form, and also to drive the block down to its proper level. Although not hav¬ ing the advantage of a separate molding, the resultant plate should quite repay the operator for his extra care. Should it be necessary to stereotype three-color blocks, care must be taken to secure uniform shrinkage, as otherwise the blocks would fail to register, and disappointment ensue. If the blocks are not too large, it is best to mold all three at once, and thus one casting gives the complete set. Each set should be marked numerically, thus, I, i, I, 2, 2, 2, etc., and if it is arranged to overprint the yellow with its corresponding number in red and blue, there should not be any possibility of bad register resulting from diversity of shrinkage. A CHINESE WRITING WITH A PENCIL-BRUSH.* HE Chinese write with brushes made of rabbit skin; they may be had of all sizes. The handle of the brush is of bamboo, on which, like our pencils or sealing wax, the name and residence of the maker is superscribed, but by a small label which is stuck upon it. When the Chinese write, they hold the brush vertically between the thumb, fore and middle finger, so that it rests on the second joint of the fourth, or ring finger. The little finger is held near the fourth. It is the wrist which bears the weight and the fingers alone which act. The position is uneasy, and its practice requires habit to render it otherwise. The Chinese write from the top to the bottom, commenc¬ ing their page at the right, so that as they go upon a fresh If the blocks are too large to be molded together, attention to certain details will reduce the chance of bad register to a minimum. In the first place, use the same number of sheets of tissue and blotting paper in each flong; dry in the hot box for same length of time; and lastly, use metal of one heat — exactly the same temperature — for all three castings. This last is a very important matter, and too great care can not be taken to secure uniform heat of stereotype metal. Most ste¬ reotypers dip a piece of paper in the molten metal and judge the heat from the scorch color. This is recommended as a fairly safe guide to the temperature of stereotype metal. The metal to be used for stereotypes of half-tones must be as hard as it is possible to use it. The maximum of anti¬ mony and tin must be used, and the minimum quantity of lead. A good, hard metal will last for a fairly long run, but softer metals will soon show wear if the precautionary meas¬ ure of nickeling be not taken. In fact, all stereotypes of fine- grain blocks should be nickeled. A nickeled stereotype is as hard on its printing surface as the original plate. In conclusion, the writer feels justified in prophesying that nickeled stereotypes will, in the not very distant future, be by far the most popular form of block duplication. — T. P. Herrick, in British Printer. line the hand covers what they have previously written and they are forced to take it off entirely if they wish to read the last words. This inconvenience is not so great as might be imagined, their ink drying very fast. All the Eastern nations write from the right to the left, and not from the left to the right, as in Europe; the Chinese and Japanese alone use ver¬ tical, instead of horizontal lines. The ancient Greeks wrote alternately from right to left, and from left to right, like horses at plow, up one furrow and down another. They termed this kind of writing Boustrophedon. In this country it is considered a great acquirement to be able to write well; the characters should be small and fine; they should be properly placed and well chosen, particularly in petitions addressed to the mandarins; the same mark ought not to be repeated in the same composition. This caution is still more requisite in writing to the Emperor; for there are particular words which are used solely in addressing him. Lord Macartney’s interpreters could not get any writers suffi¬ ciently clever to translate the official notes; it was necessary to have recourse to the missionaries, and then to have their foul copy transcribed by Mr., now Sir, George Staunton. Few * From “ China: Its Costume, Arts, Manufactures, Etc.” 1824. Cour¬ tesy of Mr. Zenas Crane. 268 THE INLAND PRINTER Chinese can be found who are capable of composing a memo¬ rial ; the least error, a character never so little misplaced, may cause the request to be rejected. As the hair pencil retains the ink much better than our pens, less time is lost in taking it, and the liquid is not so soon exhausted. The Chinese men of science write with a celerity which is scarcely credible, and which can only be conceived by those who have seen a clever shorthand writer taking anything down. Although the pencil is generally used for writing, the Tar¬ tars adopt a kind of pen made of bamboo, not unlike the European pens in shape. The calamus of the ancients was, in like manner, made from a particular reed of Egypt. The paper in China, being prepared almost entirely without alum, and rectilinear marks, which, combined two by two, three by three, etc., admit an immense variety of figures. The whole assem¬ blage of characters is divided into six classes called Lo-Chou. To give an idea of the arrangement of the classes, we will mention some words of the fourth class, which comprehends animals and vegetables. All these objects are placed, in some degree, by orders, genera and species, as in the system of Lin¬ naeus. If they wish to name a duck, the first character desig¬ nates any winged bird, the second a waterfowl, etc. The other classes are nearly similar. The key, or primary character, uniformly indicates the species of the word in question. For example, all expressions in the language hav¬ ing any reference to fire include the sign Ho, which signifies fire, in their composition. The word Sai, which means mis- JrflND dost 3 IfAi low Life A (“do not Time? for that] stuff that !| d kf.asPo ! f M Photo by CHARLES MARRIOTT. FRANK HOLME. FRED REVARE. HERMAN SHELDON. THE BANDAR LOG PRESS. extremely thin, makes it more adapted to the pencil than the pen. If it is wished to make use of a pen, either for writing, or drawing in the Chinese manner, flowers, trees or land¬ scapes, the paper must be previously wetted with a little water impregnated with alum, to prevent the ink from sinking. Mr. Barrow says that the writing of the Mantchou Tartars, which is founded on an alphabet and not on a vocabulary difficult to be retained by the memory, will ultimately gain a preference over that of the Chinese. The Mantchou Tartar characters have this peculiarity, that they are equally legible when reversed. There is little doubt that Chinese writing was originally neither more nor less than a sketch of the objects which it was wished to speak of; but this method, which would serve when it related to visible things such as a tree, a bird or a house, was inadequate to convey an expression of abstract ideas. It was therefore requisite to make signs, which were purely arbitrary, and which had no reference to the thought intended to be depicted. The Chinese characters are confined to six curved or fortune, consists of the sign Mien, house, and that of fire, because there is no greater calamity than that of seeing one’s house on fire. The word Ho-am, which means brilliancy or splendor, con¬ sists of the sign Am, signifying a great king, and that of Ho, or fire, because nothing exceeds in splendor and magnificence a great monarch. The sign which designates a mountain of steep rocks is formed of Xan, a mountain, and the sign of steps, because to mount a steep hill it is necessary to make use of stairs or a ladder. This is the reason why, in the Chinese language, all the words are classed by words of one, two, three or more signs. Every character has its particular name and pronunciation, independently of the words which might serve to compose it. An example of it has already been given by particulariz¬ ing the signs which constitute the word misfortune. The written language of the Chinese has a just advantage over the oral language, from its being uniform throughout the empire, while the pronunciation varies in the different prov- vinces. THE INLAND PRINTER 269 Type Founder. Apple Butter. Songster. Charter Printer. Paper Maker. ALL ABOUT THE BANDAR LOG PRESS. ANY men of various professions have dallied with printing as a means of amusement or as a pastime, but we have never heard of an actor taking an active interest in the types themselves, excepting as they spelled out the press notices, good or bad, in which his name was men¬ tioned. But, down in Arizona, on the edge of the desert, where the coyote howls by night and the jack-rabbit and the windows, and in place of the litter of palm leaves which used to be the top of the “ shack,” he had the rancher lay a nice, new, corrugated-iron roof. Then the press was moved in, and now the “ Bandar Log Press ” is in the first actual “ office ” that it has been able to call its own. But about the actors — they are the “associate members” of the Bandar Log Press, and constitute what might be termed the “working force” of that unique institution. Tem¬ porarily exiled to Arizona for the sake of health, like the other Photo by Will HOME OF THE BANDAR LOG PRESS, PHOENIX, ARIZONA. rattlesnake promenade by day, there are no less than three actors bunched in one print-shop — and a mighty small shop at that. The “ shop ” is built against the side of a wagon-shed on a “lungers’ ranch,” three miles out from Phoenix. It used to be a chicken-house, but when Frank Holme got possession of an old Washington hand press, he got his eye on the chicken- house and proceeded to have it “ revised, amended and reen¬ acted,” as the legislators say, by the addition of a floor and members of the ranch colony, they volunteered to aid Mr. Holme in the great task of rescuing the art of printing from the deadly rut of mechanical perfection into which it has fallen, and so, when they feel like it — for an invalid does not contract to work “ regular hours ” — each contributes of his strength to the advancement of such work as may be in hand. Fred Revare, former manager of Barlow & Wilson’s Min¬ strels, is pressman, and Herman Sheldon, of the American Theater Stock Company, New York, is “ devil,” and the way 270 THE INLAND PRINTER that pressman bullies that devil is something fierce. The binding, when there is anything to bind, is accomplished by Charles Marriott, of Charles Frohman’s companies, and while it may lack, to some extent, the beauty and “ finish ” of pro¬ fessional work, Mr. Marriott guarantees that what he binds will at least “ stay bound.” There is another and an indispen¬ sable member of the working force who does not claim to be an actor, but who acts as “ understudy ” for all three on this printing job. He is Otto Mehmel, of Chicago Photoengravers’ Union, No. 5. His constant plaint is that if he only had a half-tone plant he could make some cuts for the press “ that would look like something,” but, the ranch not being equipped with a photoengraving outfit, he “ subs.” for the pressman when that member wants to shoot jack-rabbits, or inks the Mr. Frank Holme (incorporated), The Bandar Log Press, to satisfy the craving for information regarding that unique enterprise, has issued a monograph on the subject, illustrated with his own woodcuts. By special permission we reprint the subject matter and the cuts. The Bander Log Press marks an epoch in the history of printing. It is a link connecting us with the early days, when Gutenberg and Fust were in the business and modestly offer¬ ing a general line of book and job work to the honest burghers of their time. But, ah ! how times have changed. In those days type was scarce and hard to get. Paper was made from real rags, a sheet at a time, “by hand.” A cut was n. g. unless it would print on a hay press with apple press when the devil devotes himself to taking his temper¬ ature and absorbing cod-liver oil. And Frank Holme plans the books and cuts the blocks. And when he does not feel like working — which is most of the time — “ the staff ” peel off their clothes and lie on the grass taking “ sun baths.” A Chicagoan would hardly think of stripping himself and lying on the ground in the middle of January, but that’s what these hardy invalids do in Arizona. Only they have to keep turning over every now and then to keep from being blistered. And in the summertime they most all go barefooted and dress in the lightest material they can find. And drink water by the gallon — and sweat — and sometimes swear when the tem¬ perature goes up to no0 or 1150. The birds sing by day, and at night the cattle and horses stumble around, and the ostriches on the next ranch boom out every little while with their “ oomh-oomh-mmmh.” And the moon shines down on the upturned faces of the healthseekers (for most of them move their cots outside and sleep with the sky for canopy), and in the morning while the cat is chasing birds over the top of the tents — for it is the proper thing to live in a tent — they rise and have a pitcher of cold water poured over them as an “ eye-opener.” And that is the way that one set of “printers,” as they call themselves, put in their time. butter for ink, and the boy who inked the forms for the hand press of the period most likely wore whiskers made in Germany and experienced all the “joy in his work” that the arts-and-crafts-man of to-day professes to feel. But, as before remarked, times have changed. Nowadays a new type-face comes out every few minutes; night and day the giant presses go on grinding out their grist of printed matter, and in the cool, green depths of the forest the great trees come thundering to the earth, startling the feathered songsters with the echoes of their fall, after which they are mashed into pulp and run out in huge rolls of paper to be delivered in carload lots. But to the serious observer — and this, of course, means you, reader — the most heartrending part of the whole busi¬ ness must be the now almost universal striving for mechanical perfection; the effort to make the operator more and more a part of the machine. To-day the monotony of flawless perfection spreads like a pall over the printing business. “ Good printing ” nowadays means glazed papers, slick process-blocks and hairline type. As Bill Nye says, they have “ sandpapered the soul out of it.” Oh, it’s tough ! But courage, comrades — all is not yet lost! Which brings us back to The Bandar Log Press. THE INLAND PRINTER 271 The Bandar Log Press is a corporation. It has a respect¬ able list of stockholders and a New York office. Its charter gives it authority to conduct a general publishing and book¬ selling business anywhere within the limits of the United States, excepting only Montana and Nevada. The stockholders have, with truly remarkable unanimity, declined to assume any responsibility whatsoever, either for Photo by Will Robinson. COOLING A WARM MEMBER. the subject matter or the appearance of the publications issued by the press, and have dumped it all upon one individual, who bears it lightly, singing as he works at sorting out “ pi ” or cleaning rollers with benzine. He has been in the newspaper business, which gives him gall enough to bear up under this tremendous load of responsi¬ bility, and so he knows a little about printing. He also knows a little about books, illustrations and repro¬ ductive processes such as wood engraving, lithography, etch¬ ing and drypoint, etc. — not enough about any one of them to hurt but possibly enough in a general way about all to enable him, some day, to get together a book that will be, to use a common culinary colloquialism, “ fit to eat.” Now, as to the work turned out by the press. Seeing as how the Bandar Log Books have evoked the most enthusiastic encomiums from press and public, besides being the wonder and delight of discriminating bibliophiles, a few brief words of explanation of the aims and ideals of the press may not be out of place. In every article relating to printing that you pick up now¬ adays you are bound to run across the words “ dignity ” and “ simplicity.” Also “ harmony ” and “ legitimate use of mate¬ rials.” Now “dignity” being a sort of extraneous husk or shell rather than an inherent quality, it is sometimes liable to stand in the way of one’s having a good time. It is all right for those who like it and who have the patience to keep it up — besides it’s largely a matter of opinion anyhow, so the Bandar Log Press will have to pass it up as a steady thing and let the other Presses corner it if they choose. “ Simplicity ” though, is good, if not carried to excess, so put us down for “ simplicity ” ; also “ harmony.” But when it comes to “ legitimate use of materials ” that’s The Bandar Log Press’s long suit. There’s where it shines. In the revolt against machinery it accompanies the pendu¬ lum to the limit of its swing. Let the printer have the raw material and he will select the paper and type, design and engrave the pictures and d corations, superintend the make-up and presswork and strive to preserve in all that harmony with the author’s thought and intention which shall make the finished work stand out per¬ fect in its flower-like beauty, giving to its happy possessor the mysterious thrills awakened by some grand sweet song — or something like that. The books, being hand-made, are naturally produced slowly and in necessarily limited editions. Every stockholder gets a copy of each book free, and some extra copies are usually printed in order to give to others the opportunity to share in the almost unearthly joy of possessing a book from The Bandar Log Press. One word about the location of the press and we leave you to your meditations. Its location depends entirely on the printer. As we go to press with this it is in a Mexican office in Phoenix, Arizona. It’s here because a series of burlesque dime novels by George Ade are in process of construction, and as this form of literature is not usually issued in de luxe editions, a bum job was desired for the sake of preserving the “ harmony ” hereinbefore mentioned. This office has a hand Photo by Will Robinson. BANDAR LOGS. press that may have come over with the Spanish Invaders, and some cases of type that are indubitably old — so here we are. This little booklet is dashed off between novels to supply the desire for information which several individuals have been kind enough to express. Phoenix, Arizona, October 28, 1903. 974 copies. No. 200. JAPANESE NEWSPAPER AT WORLD S FAIR. There will be a daily Japanese paper published on the World’s Fair grounds at St. Louis. It will be printed in the Japanese characters and language. THAT’S WHAT THEY ALL SAY. The Inland Printer has raised its subscription rate to $3 per year, but even this price does not express its real worth. — Mailin’ s Magazine. 272 THE INLAND PRINTER Under this head will be briefly reviewed brochures, book¬ lets and specimens of printing sent for criticism. Literature submitted for this purpose should be marked "For Criticism,” and directed to The Inland Printer Company, Chicago. M. T. Respess, Chattanooga, Tennessee. — The folder is interesting as an example of work done under limitations, but sufficiently well finished in appearance to be acceptable. Louis Camisa, Montclair, New Jersey. — Arrangement and display of heading are good, but a condensed type should not be wide spaced in order to fill the measure required. A fatter letter should be used. Charles Thiessen, Omaha, Nebraska. — The folder is attractive both prove an effective reminder to those especially interested in the line Drove an effective reminder to those especially interested in the line advertised. Monticello Courier, Monticello, Georgia.- — The card is not properly composed. The type should have been simply arranged and the involved border omitted. Nothing is gained in an artistic way by the addition of the fanciful border. G. P. Farrar, Richmond, Virginia. — The Christian bill-head is very pleasing and acceptable, and the type the very best that could have been selected, and the other specimens show a high average both in type •selection and arrangement. J. R. Fisher, Loudonville, Ohio. — The booklet is well arranged and printed, but the display on the cover should have given greater prom¬ inence to the name of the article advertised, and a corresponding decrease in size of the firm name and location. E. Sohm, Storm Lake, Iowa. — The panel arrangement is good, but it could have been shortened two picas, thus giving more room to the -date-line and taking away the impression of bareness caused by too much panel and an insufficient quantity of matter to fill it. O. F. Collier, Duluth, Minnesota. — The booklet is a good example ■of consistent design, attractive arrangement and color selection. The title-page might have been more pretentious, but, apart from that, the “ Log ” book is an attractive bit of advertising printing. Ed. A. Smith, Devil’s Lake, North Dakota. — The display on the cover-page is not decisive enough. It could be improved without reset¬ ting by clustering the lines pertaining to the different statements, thus permitting contrast by the use of white space between them. W. K. Yeatman, Anniston, Alabama. — The examples of commercial printing display much variety and good arrangement, but the use of smaller sizes would improve some of the designs, particularly those of a semi-professional nature, like a real-estate firm, for instance. The Gault Printing Company, Salem, Oregon. — The restraint •shown in the typography of examples is indicative of good work to come if strictly followed. The blotter is particularly catchy and shows the great value of brevity of statement and simplicity of type arrange¬ ment. C. I. Burrell, Fairfield, Maine. — The color scheme is attractive, and the'-type arrangement good, except that a panel shape should be made of sufficient width to give equal margins on top and sides. This would permit a better appearance of the central panel by the extra space gained. A. K. Ness, Cheboygan, Michigan. — Ingenuity in design, when strictly subordinated to the requirements of legible type display, often produces attractive advertising printing. The McMullen card is an example of this desirable combination, although it is rather large for use as a personal card. H. A. Wetmore, Moscow, Missouri.- — Balance can be preserved in other ways than by centering all lines. The repetition of the ornament •on the bill-head could have been avoided by an irregular arrangement of the matter that would have preserved the balance, but eliminated the precision as it Stands. The Augusta Chronicle, Augusta, Georgia. — The inside pages of the announcement are harmonious and attractive in arrangement, but the same color scheme should have been followed on the cover, instead •of an entirely different selection as shown. The proportion of red in the panel heading is too much. Charles Wallin, Gaylord, Minnesota. — The letter-head could be improved by placing all the names on the left. The three names on the right as it now appears are entirely out of place so far as good arrangement is concerned. Larger type for the main line of the card would improve its appearance. W. H. Schall, Clayton, Delaware. — A cover-page is most effective -when simply arranged and set in a series of the same type. The example shown has too much rulework upon it, which detracts from the type display, and the latter is not improved by the use of three conflicting type-faces with hardly any contrast in sizes. Woessner & Maison, Stephenson, Michigan. — The heading is marred in appearance by the embossed line, which is too large, placing the other lines in an awkward position and crowding the top margin. If the embossed design was omitted, or a smaller type line substituted, a more shapely heading would be the result. C. W. Ellis, Buffalo, New York. — A bill-head should be plain and direct in arrangement. The name should dominate and any advertising features made strictly subordinate. The error noticeable on. the specimen shown is lack of feature — no type contrast that will attract. The arrangement of “ sold to ” is in very bad taste. J. Walter Seay, New York city. — Artistic does not describe sin¬ cerely the appearance of the card, •'.and that term should be left off until the work justifies its use. Artistic applied to printing means harmony, PRISCILLA. From a water-color design by C. Warde Traver. simplicity and legibility, and dissenting colors and crowded display show unappreciation of its application to the card shown. Marshall & Pankey, Houston, Texas. — The examples of embossed commercial work are very attractive and show a high grade of work¬ manship. The series of card, letter-head and envelope is a convincing exhibit of the thorough good taste in using the same design or style of printing on all the different forms of a firm’s stationery. W. G. Christ, York, Nebraska. — The program is set in a very neat and refined style, and displays an appreciation of the fitness of certain type-styles to the uses of the printing. A possible exception might be taken to the use of two different text lines in the same display, and the ornaments should have been omitted on the program page. B. McGinty, Doylestown, Pennsylvania.- — - The type limitation for hangers and one-sheet bills in small offices does not permit much variety in display or arrangement, but the bills shown are interesting examples of their class, but the cuts printed over the type in another color should be in a lighter tint m order not to interfere with the display. Wilson Printing Company, Little Rock, Arkansas. — As display is simply a mechanical form of expression, its effectiveness depends pri¬ marily on intelligent and well worded copy. The circular is handicapped in this particular, and no arrangement can improve it, unless the matter was also rewritten and brought within the limits of common sense. George E. McCabe, Grand Haven, Michigan. — The letter-head is a good example of advertising stationery. The rules in tint are almost too light, giving the effect of unnecessary white space between the lines, and destroying the compact appearance shown in the black proof. Much heavier rules should have been used for the tint, or a more brilliant color substituted. Herbert L. ICnowlton, Plymouth, Massachusetts. — A panel form divided into several sections should not be spaced so wide between the THE INLAND PRINTER 273 different sections that the. type lines are abnormally separated as shown on the “ Barley ” heading. With this exception the specimens are rather above the average, and the “ Plymouth ” cover-page is extremely attract¬ ive and consistent. G. J. Hopcraft, Los Angeles, California. — - Blue and brown har¬ monize, but the border is rather heavy. It makes the proportion of blue too great, being the more brilliant color. The half-tone shows insufficient make-ready, and the double printing has given it a muddy appearance. Being the first page of the book, it should have been made particularly clean and attractive. G. H. Thomas, Charleroi, Pennsylvania. — It is scarcely worth while to criticize work in which the first and only consideration in its produc¬ tion is rush. The “ Bank ” ad. is well arranged, but the “ National ” page is too heavy and type contrast is lacking. Type display does not mean a mixture of styles, but contrast attained by the use of varying sizes of one type-face. The Welch Publishing Company, Westfield, New York. — Only minor faults are shown in the booklets, and they average high. An error in color proportion on the “ Do You ” folder is the printing of both rule borders in red. This color should be used sparingly on account of its brilliancy, and contrast is lost when its proportion with some other color is abput the same. The Columbia Press, Somerville, Massachusetts. — The removal notice is overburdened with rule and ornament to a degree that militates seriously against the impressive and distinctive appearance that is so necessary and desirable in such printing. A comparison with the elegant simplicity of an engraved announcement will show how this extra adornment cheapens the work. J. E. Sharp, Greencastle, Indiana. — A catchy idea can be aided very much in its advertising mission by intelligent typography. The best results are generally obtained with the simplest effects, the element of restraint usually entering into the composition. The folder in question shows a bright idea simply but effectively typed, so arranged that the recipient is amused and interested instantly. C. A. White, Galesburg, Michigan. — The heading has much to commend it. The proportion of the colors, red and black, is about right, and the use of one type-face is consistent, but a minor defect is the interjection of word ornaments between the words of a sentence. They may be used to fill up space between sentences or at the end of paragraphs, but are altogether wrongfully used as shown. John F. Finn, New York city. — The composition of the commercial headings is on a generous scale that does not entirely coincide with the rules of good taste governing printing. This extravagant appearance is helped very much by the showy color schemes used, and both could be toned down to the great betterment of the work. The style may be necessary to meet certain demands, but it is faulty, nevertheless. Gordon B. Bradley, Richmond, Virginia. — The last line on the “Howitzer” page should have been in the same size as line above, the year spelled out and the line centered without any attempt at letter¬ spacing. The letter-head looks very well, composition being attractive and the color scheme harmonious. The cut-out program is acceptable and creditable on account of the ingenuity required to perfect it. F. B. Comlow, Florence, Colorado. — The effectiveness of display depends on contrast. A number of lines or ideas displayed on a page are competitors and the attractive value of each is minimized by the others. It is best to feature one item in an ad. and subordinate the rest. It makes the ad. more “catchy,” and the attention is generally held if the first impression is pleasing. Both ads. possess this desirable feature. J. R. Fisher, Loudonville, Ohio. — The first page of a catalogue or booklet, whether in the form of a title or introduction, should be arranged and composed in the best possible manner. In the “ Queen ” booklet, the removal of the ornaments between each paragraph, a reset¬ ting in one size larger type and the same display used for head and signature on the introductory page would make a more acceptable composition. Z. C. Voline, Auburn, Nebraska. — The composition of the samples sent shows a right conception of type display as applied to varying conditions and demands of printing. This is an important consideration and one of the axioms of job-printing that frequently does not receive the thought and attention that is its due. A minor error is the placing of periods before and after a display line in an ornamental capacity. They are entirely unnecessary. E. R. Stephens, Hoosick Falls, New York. — A certain exuberance, both in design and colors, is shown in the heading which does not agree with the dictates of good taste. Two colors are sufficient on simple type headings, and the type border used should have been reduced to the lowest terms of simplicity. The design is not bad in itself, but the application is wrong. Commercial stationery should be plain and neat, generally, both in design and color. “ Zealander,” New Zealand. — A little restraint in ornamentation would improve the work. Simple effects are the most satisfactory and artistic. More contrast in type sizes would also be helpful in giving attractiveness. If conditions forbid the use of series, do not bring 2-8 together fancy faces on the same page. Use one ornamental face and use a plain letter for the rest of the matter. On a bill-head, the words “ Bought of ” look best in a smaller type than the firm name. Karl R. Uoberg, Ostersund, Sweden. — Design, color and typography combine in the production of many interesting specimens of printing, that indicate a high standard of artistic taste. The latter especially show the freedom and variety in design that can only come from obser¬ vation and example of high-grade printing, and intelligent application of the same to the work in hand. Clarence Ward, Chicago, Illinois. — Display and color selection on the blotter are pleasing, although the matter in the smaller panel is crowded and does not harmonize with the rest of the design. There is no objection to quoting prices as shown on the standard commercial forms of printing. The prices given are rather low, in most of the items shown, although an exact knowledge of the cost of production would be necessary for a definite opinion on this point. J. A. Hood, Asbury Park, New Jersey. — With one or two exceptions, the specimens show good judgment in type selection and arrangement. In color selection the real-estate circular is too flashy, and the orna¬ mental border is not fitting for that class of work. Red and black would have given sufficient color variety. The personal card is over¬ wrought. The three faces used are not harmonious, and it is wanting in the distinctive appearance that only simplicity can give. In bank and financial advertising the first consideration must be quality, both of material and workmanship. Any impression of cheap¬ ness would make such printing worthless. A booklet for the National Bank of St. Joseph, printed for them by the Union Bank Note Company, of Kansas City, embodies the important requisites of artistic design, simple typography and harmonious coloring, all of which, together with a suitable paper, have combined in the making of an attractive and suggestive piece of business-bringing literature. THE ECONOMIC VALUE OF PRINTERS’ SPECIMENS. The portfolios of specimens issued by the Inland Printer Technical School are designed to give examples of direct typography — in other words, the maximum of effect with the least expenditure of time and material. How far this effort has been successful may be estimated from the following letter from the highest authority in America, Mr. Theo. L. DeVinne : New York, N. Y., April 14, 1904. My Dear Mr. McQuilkin, — I am slow in acknowledging the receipt of your Portfolio No. 2, but I am not the less thankful. It pleases me much. You are doing a good service to the trade in giving them practical lessons in the beauty of plain composition in jobwork. For sixty years I have heard complaints from employers and employed that printing was an unappreciated and unprofitable business. The compositor thought that his skill and merit were not recognized; the employer said that he could rarely find a customer who would pay for the time spent on his work. Looking backward on old productions of the press, any one can see the reasons for this general dissatisfaction. Printers, employers and employed, were too intent on showing typographical gymnastics. Pro¬ fusely ornamented types that the customer of good sense disliked, were too often used in places where they were not needed. Then came com¬ bination borders, sometimes of two hundred pieces, hard to combine, and too often ungraceful when combined, but sorely wasteful of time. Curved lines were next in fashion, and used sometimes when they were positive disfigurements. Type-metal flourishes on small and large bodies and filed and twisted brass rules were their accompaniments, but they are now out of fashion, and supplanted by flat-faced rules that are cut to join accurately, and to be subdivided in panels. The list could be enlarged. Space does not allow me to mention the profligate use of medieval faces and initial letters of grotesque cut. Yet I may add the distortion of composition by vain attempts to space out capital letters to the full width of the line in the narrow measures. In most instances these attempts to be original or eccentric make composition slow and expensive. The printer is more intent on showing his dexterity than on showing the intent of the writer of his copy. It is not to be wondered that the customer who pays grumbles at the useless labor. How few compositors recognize the true scope of their art in the derivation of the word composition, which is putting together of materials already provided. They are not, and should not try to be, engravers or brass-rule finishers. How few comprehend the value of relieving white space about lines of type or cuts. How many times I have had an elaborately constructed bit of decorative composition, on which the compositor had spent a day, reset in simpler style to the customer’s greater satisfaction, in less than half the time! If job-printing is unprofitable, this unprofitableness is largely caused by time wasted in useless labor. Let -us try to use simpler methods, which, I am sure, will be better for employer, employed and customer. Yours very truly, Theo. L. De Vinne. 274 THE INLAND PRINTER William Aimison, ex-president of the International Typo¬ graphical Union, died in Nashville, Tennessee, February 28, 1904, in the sixty-seventh year of his age, of heart failure. Mr. Aimison was a native of Marseilles, France, coming to this country with his parents in his infancy, settling in Nashville where he since resided. He was a member of Phoenix Lodge, A. F. & A. M., and served in the Confederate army during the Civil war. He was a member for two terms of the general assembly of Tennessee, and was instrumental in the organiza¬ tion of Nashville Typographical Union No. 20, of which he was a charter member. He had held the office of president of the local union and was chosen as president of the Interna¬ tional Typographical Union, being elected at the Pittsburg Courtesy “ Typographical Journal." • WILLIAM AIMISON. convention in 1886, to which he was delegate from his local union, and was reelected at the Buffalo convention in 1887. He held other offices of trust in typographical union affairs, and made an enviable record for faithfulness and honesty of purpose. Mr. Aimison was a bachelor, his only surviving rela¬ tive being his aged mother and one sister. The remains were buried at Nashville. ROBERT WHITE. There is probably no house in the printing trades that has a larger number of personal friends among its clients than James White & Co., of Chicago. The personnel of the mem¬ bers of the firm and of the firm’s employes has been such that trade relations have invariably warmed into personal friend¬ ship. The announcement of the death of Mr. Robert White, the vice-president and treasurer of the company, on Sunday, April 17, was received with profound sorrow among the trade. A short time before his death, Mr. White appeared in the prime of health and vigor. Acute appendicitis developed, and though after a surgical operation on Sunday, April 10, he seemed to rally for a time, unlooked-for complications ensued from which he failed to recover. Mr. White was born at Banbridge, Ireland, December 25, 1854, and came to Chicago in 1873, and began to learn the paper business with M. P. Carroll, on Lake street, in 1874. He was afterward with Clarke, Friend, Fox & Co., George H. Taylor & Co., J. W. Butler Paper Company, Friend & Fox Paper Company, Illinois Paper Company, and in 1896 asso- ROBERT WHITE. ciated with his brothers, James White and Fred C. White, organizing the firm of James White & Co. He leaves a widow, and a son eighteen years old,' to mourn his loss. The Inland Printer, with the trade in general, and many personal friends, extends its assurance of deep sympathy to the family in their affliction. NEW PHOTOENGRAVING PLANT. The Inland-Walton Engraving Company, 120-130 Sherman street, Chicago, has been incorporated and has equipped a new plant with apparatus of the most modern and up-to-date character for designing and illustrating, high-grade half-tone engraving, zinc etching and electrotyping. The new company has the advantage of the superb printing plant of The Henry O. Shepard Company. The exceptional quality of the output of this organization has achieved an international reputa¬ tion through The Inland Printer, and is a guarantee of the merit of the work produced by The Inland-Walton Engraving Company. Excellence in quality and promptness in filling orders is the aim of the new company. The officers are: P. R. Hilton, president; F. P. Walton, vice-president and manager; A. W. Rathbun, treasurer; A. H. McQuilkin, secretary. A CONSTANT COMPANION. Although I have labored at the printing business for twenty-five years, in all its various branches — • from devil up to boss — I sincerely feel that I must have The Inland Printer, else I can not continue to do business in the up-to- date methods. In fact, any one with a heart set to do up-to- date printing must have The Inland Printer. — V. A. Peters, Albany, Neiv York. THE INLAND PRINTER 275 Cliff R. Hunn now represents Sinclair & Valentine, of New York city, manufacturers of printing inks, in the West¬ ern territory, with headquarters at Detroit. Tfie New York office of the Whitlock Printing Press Manufacturing Company has been removed from 121 Times building to the Fuller building, corner Twenty-third street and Broadway. Bowron & Murray, printers, of Ashland, Wisconsin, have removed their printing establishment to the Shores block, and now claim to have the tidiest, most thoroughly equipped print¬ ing-office in northern Wisconsin. Sinclair & Valentine, ink manufacturers, formerly at 149 Baxter street, New York, have just completed a new building at 1-3 Marion street, New York, which was specially designed to meet the demands of their increasing business. The Golding Manufacturing Company, Boston, Massachu¬ setts, has withdrawn its retail and wholesale branch formerly located at 407 Dearborn street, Chicago, and has appointed Champlin & Smith, 121-5 Plymouth place, Chicago, as its agents in that territory. The Waverly Journal Company has been incorporated at Waverly, Illinois, with a capital stock of $5,000. The officers of the new corporation are: Charles A. Wells, president; Alfred L. Hamilton, vice-president; Alvah C. Moffet, treas¬ urer; Ivan S. Dunn, secretary. The Monotype composing and typecasting machine will be one of the interesting operative exhibits at the St. Louis exposition. The exhibit will be in charge of William J. Kelly, a well-known authority in the printing trade, and editor of the Pressroom department of The Inland Printer. The exhibit will be found in the Palace of Machinery. The business formerly conducted by H. M. Plimpton & Co., under the name of The Heintzemann Press, at Nos. 653-5 Atlantic avenue, Boston, and partially destroyed by fire on February 1, has been reestablished at the same address under the name of The Plimpton Press. An entirely new and modem book and commercial plant has been installed. Waukegan, Illinois, is to have a new industry in the shape of a plant to be erected by the United States Envelope Com¬ pany, of Holyoke, Massachusetts, under the name of the Wau¬ kegan Realty Company. The plant will cover 120 by 300 feet, will be three stories high, constructed of brick and stone, and, together with the equipment, will represent an investment of about $150,000. There will be in addition a boiler house 26 by 60 feet. Because of the destruction of its plant by fire, the firm of Guggenheimer, Weil & Co., of Baltimore, has been released from its contract for furnishing the Government United States maps for the year 1902. The Friedenwald Company, of that city, which is making the 1903 maps at 55 cents apiece, has offered to make 40,000 additional copies at the same price, and this has been accepted. A joint resolution was adopted by the Senate making $20,420 left over from the 1901 and 1902 map appropriations available for payment for the additional copies of the edition of 1903. Mr. Adam Deist, treasurer and general manager of the firm of Adam Deist, Incorporated, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, celebrated his 45th birthday on March 17 last, by a dinner at his residence, No. 2425 North Sixth street, to the entire office force and also the officers of the firm. The dinner, which was in recognition of a year of marked prosperity, and the harmonious relations existing between the firm and its employes, was very heartily enjoyed. Jeweler, Sheet-steel Roller, Inventor. — Mr. Charles Grant Harris, of Harris Automatic Press fame, has been many things in his day, but never a printer, except in connection with his own inventions. He remembers to have worked a half-day in the office of a country newspa¬ per when a lad, but that was not what made him an in¬ ventor of printing-presses. As near as the writer can get at it, he invented a print¬ ing-press just in the same way that he invented a suc¬ cessful automatic nail-feed¬ ing machine, and would have invented a new type¬ writer, or anything else to which his attention had been drawn. Going back and forth to the rolling mill in which he was working at Niles, Ohio, in the late eighties or the early nineties, he passed a printing-house in which was to be seen an archaic drum cylinder. To him, and for all he knew about printing-presses, this represented the highest type, and it occurred to him that he could make a better press. As he thought it over he evolved the idea of printing from two cylinders, as is done in web-perfecting presses, and it was nothing but the most astounding good fortune that he did not know that the idea was not a new one. It was not until he had gone ahead and evolved a mechanism for automatically feeding small sheets to two wooden cylinders, on one of which he had tacked a rubber form, that he learned that his idea of a press was by no means a new one. Fortunately the friend who told him this was able to tell him that his feeding mechanism, if it could be perfected, was of the utmost prac¬ tical importance. Mr. Harris was at this time a somewhat inactive partner with his brother, Alfred F. Harris, in a jewelry business at Niles, Ohio. Mr. Alfred F. Harris is somewhat of an inventor himself, and has himself done much toward the development of the Harris inventions. The jewelry business, however, required a great part of his time, while Mr. Charles Grant Harris had considerable leisure from his rolling-mill work, and this he devoted to the development of his printing-press. The brothers took a larger storeroom in order that they might have a room in the rear in which to prosecute the work of development. In that room enough contrivances were made, tried, found worthless and thrown away to fill it full and have considerable kindling wood and junk left over. The work of perfecting the press so far that it looked to be worth patenting was one of perhaps five years. For at least two years Mr. Harris struggled with the problem of close register, being unwilling to advance farther with his machine until he could master this. At last, one night when he lay awake in bed, the idea which gives the Harris its mar¬ velously close register came to him. That difficulty conquered, the inventor made rapid progress with his sheet-feeding mechanism, only to find, after he had associated capital with him, and had a large press designed and constructed, that his sheet feed would not work on commercial sizes. It was years after that before he finally got one that would work. Next to the flying machine proposition, the question of automatically feeding separate cut sheets of paper to high speeds with good register is the most difficult that invention has sought to work out. The patent office at Washington is filled with the history of the wrecks which have marked the progress of -invention 276 THE INLAND PRINTER in this line. Mr. Harris had to turn to something easier for the time being, and he and his associates put on the market the card and envelope press which made his reputation, and that of The Harris Automatic Press Company, and gave him opportunity and means to bring his sheet feed to its present economical and practical development. Mr. Harris has seen his printing-press developed from the little card and envelope machine to the many-sided press of to-day. He has seen the factory grow from three machines, employing two men in the rear of the jewelry store, to the present large and strictly modern plant, with a business requiring some two hundred employes, and as yet only in its infancy. He has seen his circumstances change from those in which he felt the neces¬ sity of getting outside capital to pay even for taking out his patents, to those of the utmost ease. But still he goes to the factory every morning in his working clothes and puts in the day in the experimental room, hard at it. He is unassuming, straightforward and kind, but he is not the typical inventor to the extent of being childlike and impractical in business matters. On the contrary, he has developed such business ability that he is in much demand whenever a new enterprise is put on its feet in busy Niles, or an old one is to be braced up and made successful. In the development of his machines Mr. Harris has traveled very widely in the United States, besides exhibiting his card and envelope press abroad, and making it a success in Europe. He is not only well known to the employing printers of the country and to many of the pressmen, but he is as well considered a personal friend by them. No man could have more friends than has Mr. Harris, unless, indeed, he were to meet more people. Mr. Harris is still on the uphill side of life, and no one who knows him doubts but that he will long keep on producing wonderful mechanical results. He is very modest, and he thinks that the reason he can do things is because of the fact that his good old mother, who is still living, taught him when a boy that what¬ ever other people could do he could do. We have received the new catalogue of the F. Wesel Manufacturing Company, of New York and Chicago, covering machinery and appliances for electrotyping, stereotyping and photoengraving. It is most catalogue complete and thorough, and is 01 the work of H. L. Bullen, the MACHINERY and APPLIANCES . ,,,,,,, __ sales manager of the Wesel Company, and fully sustains his reputation as a maker of catalogues that sell goods. The expansion of the foreign trade has been kept in view, and a telegraphic code word is furnished for each item cata¬ logued. The typography is severely plain, nothing but modern roman type faces being used. We print a reduced fac¬ simile of the title-page. Four years ago, when Mr. Bullen became manager, the Wesel catalogue consisted of 70 pages. The expansion of the catalogue to 224 pages has been accompanied by a corresponding improve¬ ment in the volume and character of the business, which has been doubled under Mr. Bullen’s management. ELECTROTYPING PHOTO-ENGRAVING STEREOTYPING “WESEL QUALITY” F. WESEL MANUFACTURING C Don’t forget the Payne Process calendars for 1905. The samples are free. One of the latest and best things offered to the printer is the Challenge new style steel sectional block, which the Chal- lfenge Machinery Company, of Grand Haven, Michigan, has recently added to its extensive line. This block is made for CHALLENGE NEW STYLE STEEL SECTIONAL BLOCK. use in connection with the other good things in its system of sectional blocks. It is made of the highest grade of steel, insuring accuracy and durability, and is the lightest base made, weighing one-third what type does. This makes it easy to handle the largest forms and enables those who use it to run their presses faster and with less wear. Certainly any one using sectional blocks should know about this block, and every one printing from plates, as well as those aiming at the highest classes of color and half-tone work, needs Chal¬ lenge sectional blocks. A good way to get more information is to send to the Challenge Company for its interesting booklet which it is sending free on request. Iron grooved one-piece blocks are rapidly superseding single wooden and metal blocks for three-color work and where close register is necessary. There are several varieties of these on the market, and intending purchasers would do well to investigate carefully the merits of each before placing their orders. The “ Ideal ” Iron Grooved Blocks and “ Ideal ” Hooks, made by the Andrews & Pittman Manufacturing Com¬ pany, Box 1274, New York city, possess distinct advantages which will be appreciated by those desiring the best. Their advertisement appears on another page of this issue. LITHOGRAPHERS’ STRIKE ENDED. The lockout-strike in the lithographic industry, which em¬ braced the whole country, has to all appearances been settled, after five weeks of struggle. All points of dispute which may hereafter arise will be settled by arbitration. The employers will recognize the union, but all men, union or non-union, who were put to work during the trouble will be allowed to remain. The J. L. Morrison Company announces that arrangements for its exhibit in the Liberal Arts division of the Louisiana Purchase Exposition are now complete. It is the intention to make this exhibit interesting to the trade in every way. All sizes of “ Perfection ” wire-stitching machines will be shown doing actual work, illustrating the perfect working of these machines. To all users of “ Perfection ” stitchers and pros- THE INLAND PRINTER 277 pective purchasers the company extends a cordial invitation to visit its space and inspect the new style “Perfection” machines. Communications by mail will receive prompt and careful attention on the part of F. C. Crofts, who will be in charge of the exhibit, or from the head office, 60 Duane street, New York city. A RAINBOW SAMPLE-BOOK. To be original, unique and attractive is the aim of the designer of advertising literature. The possibilities of cover- papers, which peculiarly lend themselves to artistic arrange¬ ment, have never before been thoroughly realized. It has been the practice of paperhouses to gather together samples of their papers with a view more to their utility than attractiveness. A sample-book of cover-papers has, however, just been issued by Henry Lindenmeyr & Sons, which departs from the ordi¬ nary in so surprising a manner as to assure a great demand for this really beautiful sample-book. It strikingly illustrates their line of Princess Covers, whose well-known qualities of beauty and strength are already famous. The legend of the “ Rainbow and the Pot of Gold ” was the inspiration of the designer, and the accompanying text is as follows : “ Once upon a time there lived a printer who had heard, when a little boy, of the pots of gold beneath the ends of every rainbow. One day he beheld a rainbow of surpassing beauty and bethought him of the legend of his childhood, saying, ‘ Surely this rainbow should lead me to a goodly pot of golden coin.’ And so following always in the lead of the beautiful rainbow he, day by day, found a golden coin, and in time reached the end and saw that the coins that had come to him each day were now indeed a veritable ‘pot of gold.’ Where¬ upon he ‘ married the beautiful Princess and lived happily ever after.’ ” Nothing short of a sensation awaits the printer into whose hands this remarkable sample-book falls. BINNER-WELLS REMOVAL. On May i, the entire plant of the Binner-Wells Company, designers, engravers and printers, was removed from 21-25 Plymouth court, Chicago, to their new building at 309-31 1 Michigan boulevard, which was specially designed and con¬ structed to meet their requirements. The building is modern in construction throughout, the front being of white tile, the roof of glass and steel. The top floor will be occupied by the commercial photographing and engraving department. The location is an ideal one, fac¬ ing Grant Park, overlooking Lake Michigan, in the midst of such environment as the Auditorium hotel, Fine Arts build¬ ing, Art Institute, Pullman building, Chicago Athletic Club and the accepted location of the Field Museum. The equip¬ ment consists of latest improved machinery, all new and the most modern procurable. All machinery is run by individual electric motors. Practical men, officers of the company, are at the head of each department, all of whom are acknowledged specialists in their particular lines. Mr. Willis J. Wells, president, in addition to being the general executive officer of the company, also gives his per¬ sonal attention to the mechanical department of the work. Mr. Wells is well and favorably known as a builder of effective advertising literature, having been associated with its devel¬ opment and improvement in Chicago for the past twelve years or more. Mr. H. C. Lammers, the vice-president, is also gen¬ eral manager of the art department, giving everything in this department his personal supervision. Mr. Lammers is an artist in the true sense of the word, and is known for his orig¬ inality, especially in advertising designs. Mr. J. L. Shilling, the secretary of the company, is at the head of the engraving department, being thoroughly practical and an acknowledged expert in his line. Mr. W. A. Hinners, treasurer, is so well known in the engraving field that the mention of his name is sufficient — having been identified for the past twelve years with the progress and improvement of engraving by the mod¬ ern half-tone processes. Mr. Herbert Templeton, the second vice-president, is an acknowledged authority in the paper line, also an able executive officer. The organization' of the Binner-Wells Company encom¬ passes the complete process of the building of advertising liter¬ ature, from the planning, designing and writing to the finished product. The advertising and literary department of the busi¬ ness is in charge of Mr. James G. Cannom, their advertising and sales manager, who is well and favorably known in the advertising field. The placing of a contract with the Binner-Wells Company means something more to the buyer than assurance of the delivery of a number of booklets and catalogues of a given number of pages and specified quality and weight of paper, which have felt the impress of ink, for their product bears not only the stamp of neatness and perfection in mechanical detail which comes from the skilled artisan, but has imparted to it an advertising quality — that “ fitness for the purpose ” — the life and soul of advertising literature. PEERLESS CARBON BLACK. Although The Peerless Carbon Black Manufacturing Com¬ pany, of Pittsburg, Pennsylvania, is . well known throughout the world, a little of its history may be of interest. The com¬ pany was incorporated in 1884, with works situated in the center of the richest natural gas territory in the United States, under the personal supervision of a member of the company. But a short time elapsed after the introduction of Peerless Carbon Black before it won recognition from its having all the qualities necessary in the making of good ink. The factory was soon unable to supply the demand, and the new works erected enabled the company to fill promptly the orders which reached it from all parts of Europe and America. The Binney & Smith Company (established in 1861), New York city, are the sole selling agents for this black, and attend directly or through their branch offices and representatives to all selling, shipping and correspondence. The headquarters in New York are large and comfortable, and those desiring information will always find a cordial welcome there. UNDER NEW MANAGEMENT. A half-interest in the Automatic Platen Press has been acquired by the Wood & Nathan Company, No. 1 Madison avenue, New York, though the decision to purchase was not made until Mr. Henry A. Wise Wood and Mr. Paul Nathan had made a searching personal investigation into the merits of the machine. The officers of the new company, which is known as the American Machine and Manufacturing Com¬ pany, are Henry A. Wise Wood, president; Joseph T. Kave- naugh, vice-president and secretary; Paul Nathan, general manager and treasurer. Manufacture on a large scale will begin at once, and the merits of the press are such as to insure its general use, working, as it does, at the rate of from three to four thousand per hour and feeding and delivering the sheets automatically. The Wood & Nathan Company are sole selling agents. VALUABLE TO ENGRAVERS. On account of the writer’s absence from the city, our subscription to The Inland Printer has been allowed to expire. We herewith enclose check for renewal. Please see that the March issue is sent us, as we can not afford to be without a single issue. We think your journal fully as valu¬ able to the engraving as the printing trade. — The La Crosse Engraving Company, La Crosse, Wisconsin. 278 THE INLAND PRINTER WANT ADVERTISEMENTS. L° ea^^texms^to' right parties ^ ^"ther^ ^usin'ess'^equiriifg3 o wner’s^ntire attention. B 354. ' !!!! o^^b^”'ciiic^g^reSTHE*1INLANDapReiNTlEl^,eCOMPANY!'0n' *" KmfeGrindm ^^:ny^;s^^parties- THE BLACKHALL MFG. CO., 12 Lock St., Buffalo, N.Y. THE INLAND PRINTER 279 “fS? SS.^"^r£f7£s'hSSIiErTl S& ^n^g^g5.g^pfa,gg warded unless necessary postage is sent us. _ mmimm gigg MIST C ' WANTED — One , 'JmSSSS, dliniT me^to CinZnauTlwl °- ^s?\mgL%^ Saggar Sggfe£fE^«liS ^andbaVw^ kwX/srv ’ INGr CO.!’ 1ISSSHHSS mm COMPETENT ES EDUCATED YOUNG MAN of THERE’S NO MONEY | V°5®f • ;; '?.r ”j? as-’ ’is p*”“ GEORGE FRANCIS PECK, 1103 280 THE INLAND PRINTER SITUATIONS WANTED. [PAPER ARTIST, first-class, e in l?„l%fr°rth7efacS:ntBai5man °£ “ iR&tfruaffSSki "^ara»fcgxaarg^ gljSSlIli sssfs. SJ S^SSkt!^ STEREOTYPER — Practical stereotyper desires ste 3„— ra^a ctoi #agss§j s"S”r« ■ ■» ■j- LINOTYPE MACHINE^ WAb ;,wi,r,^g.puT6,“ls >re“- r,nge 4 ' _ _ i'lftttettsSrys sss rated with an Eastern advertising agency. I know that any printer anywhere in the United States can successfully operate along the same line. I will send you the plan (typewritten) for $2. I will give you all the benefit of my experience. Any printing business for himself should hai of his business may mean the differ* success and failure. Any established printer anywhere should enlarge his field by taking up this mail-order branch. Send the $2 now; you may be too busy to-morrow and forget it by the day after. HOLLIS CORBIN, 2219 Land Title building, Philadelphia. A COLD SIMPLEX STEREOTYPING OUTFIT, $17 1 s the finest book and job plates, and your type is r r ruined by heat; simpler, better, quicker, safer, ( ; than papier-mache; also 2 engra’ of bein.^ costing only $5 a 1 danger : on the methods E. 33d st., Nei tal from drawings made on cardboard method, no photowork, for $1. Come id postage for literature and samples. HENRY KAHRS, FOUND AT LAST — “ Anti-Electro ” instantly removes electricity su^Y^fe Fnteed: 50 cents bottle- INDIANl 15,000 WSs'MM Cuts 133S^Tst- WilsonTPaperBoxN Peerless Padding Glue ThceheapeSatnd N-er ^ SPECIAL GLUES S2£g££SS TIIE MIDLAND GLUE COMPANY HOW TO PAD We ROBT. R. BURRAGE, 35=37 F THE HENRY GERBER CO. - MANUFACTURERS OF - Carbon Paper and Typewriter Ribbons 114 William Street, NEW YORK Hollister Brothers, Chicago Stipple Covers, Inserts, Labels ably. Write for prices, s — promptly, satisfactorily, ight and quantity would your pressroom earn Figure it out and then let us tell third of your make-ready. Our catalog. The Tympalyn Co., 246 Summer Street, Boston, Mass., U. S. A. /ork _ *,/• Philadelph^; jPkf trkiiaV^oli »1 $i x>^-y 'fi'*-j 4,1 rA‘ Lindenmeyr & Sons .’ J arises White & A,' Storrs:'&', Bejrient, W, W. jMf cB^ide PaperC^ * . Beecher J'^eek & X&wM The Chatfieid & Woods , Co, Th e ' ICin '^sfe^-'. Pamper - j||| HHHH 1 1 ^ 1 ill Barrett 4 W '':0trmp^6 |i|C A, £ellefba< THE INLAND PRINTER 281 A PERFECT PASTE IN POWDER FORM STEK-O GUARANTEED to be the best and most economical Paste for YOUR work CLARK PAPER & MFQ CO ROCHESTER N Y 25 Agencies “R0UGHIN6”.1".m,5£ to fill orders from those desiring this class of work. Three-color half-tone pictures, gold bronze printing, and, in fact, high-grade work of any character, is much improved by giving it this stippled effect. All work given prompt attention. Prices on application. Correspondence invited. THE HENRY O. SHEPARD CO. 120-130 SHERMAN STREET. CHICAGO PROFITABLE. PRINTING Help yourself by helping- your compositor to lock up odd-sized pages will enable him do in half an hour by the old guess-work n — by a practical man. First edition exhau Our book of diagrams ethod. Quick, accurate, simple^ practical itpaid. Will pay for itself the first day. Order It Now! „ f New York Engravers' Supply Jfl g"l a HD.Farquhar, Propr; a F i 8 168 Church St., ConRe&de St., NewYorH. A li | Everything^^Engraver) V c * ""THE PROCESS TICKLER^"*' 2010 Satisfied Printers are using trade G LUEI N E mark Why don’t you? GLUEINE M ANUFACTUR The OLDS Gas and Gasoline Engines. a Safest Engine in the World. ESlnj A. _ i TY * M, -A collection of proofs selected ^■\PT EB 1 from odd issues and engravers’ etchings, half-tones and three- color work. No two guaranteed to be exactly alike. Twenty- five selections in a portfolio. :: :: :: Price, fi.oo — postpaid. THE INLAND PRINTER COMPANY, Chicago. SUMMER ROLLERS CINCINNATI, OHIO. WE MAKE THE BEST THAT CAN BE MADE We u and make solid, perfect rollers by the best system i: and ma — formulas. Established 1868. Cincinnati is sufficient address in writing ir shipping. HIGGINS’ VEGETABLE GLUE A DENSE, strong, glue-like paste for sticking paper or cloth to wood, leather or glass ; hence valuable in photo-engraving, electrotyping, printing, bookbind¬ ing and kindred trades. Should be used instead of animal glue, as it is clean and sweet-smelling, and is always ready for use without fussy preparation or waste. In i, 2, 5 and io lb. cans, and in bulk. CHAS. M. HIGGINS > PRICE CO. CLEVELAND, OHIO, U.S.A. Manufacturers of High-grade Printing Machinery THE INLAND PRINTER 283 Perioraling, Scoring, Numbering, Printing — ONE- OPERATION Practically a pinhole per¬ foration of the most approved character. A clean cut — not merely an indentation. Interlocking sections pro¬ viding for any length of perforation with cross sections. Bates New Models, No. 45 and No. 46 Perfect Registration of Perforations. Absolutely Accurate Numbering. Unequaled Presswork. Entire Former Cost Eliminated. -g^l model no. 27 For General Use INCORPORATED. CAPITAL, >100,000 The Bates Machine Co. - - MAKERS - General Offices, 346 Broadway, New York.U.S.A. model no. 20 For Cash Sale Books A Made to Number branch offices: MANCHESTER, ENGLAND — 2 Cooper Street. BRUSSELS, BELGIUM— 14 Rue Des Hirondelles. 1 to 50 N9 12345 Backward Type Founders and Dealers in Printers 50 to 1 Repeating N? 2 9 Facsimile impression. Forward Materials Everywhere. Automatically Facsimile Impression. The Mechanism of the Linotype By John S. Thompson The Latest and Best Work on This Subject A COMPLETE and practical treatise on the installation, operation and care of the Linotype, for the novice as well as the experienced operator, with full information concerning the new two-letter machines, not to be found in any work heretofore published. Fully illustrated. 128 pages. Cloth, $1 .50 prepaid. = ADDRESS ALL ORDERS TO . . — - THE INLAND PRINTER CO. 120-130 Sherman Street, CHICAGO 1 16 Nassau Street, . . NEW YORK Electrotyping By C. S. PARTRIDGE, Editor Electrotyping and Stereotyping Department of The Inland Printer. ITS CHAPTERS INCLUDE Historical Review — The Battery — The Dynamo — The Bath — Steel, Brass and Nickel Baths — Management of Baths — Agitation of Baths — Measuring Instru¬ ments — Preparation of Work — Molding — Building — Metalizing — The Conduct¬ ors — Depositing — Casting — Finishing — Trimming and Routing — Revising — Blocking — The Invention of Electro¬ typing. :: :: :: :: :: :: :: Full Cloth, 150 Pages, $1.50 THE INLAND PRINTER CO. 116 Nassau Street, 1 20 - 1 30 Sherman St. New York Chicago 284 THE INLAND PRINTER The Two-Revolution Whitlock No two-revolution, four-roller, front-fly delivery press is more rapidly advanc¬ ing in the estimation and popularity of press users than the WHITLOCK shown above. It is a machine on which all the thought and care possible to exercise have been expended. The results speak for themselves. Its per¬ fect register, rigid impression, great speed, well-known durability, and ease of make-ready and general handling make it the machine to be desired above all others. It gives most excellent results in half-tone printing, either in black or the three-color process. FOR CIRCULARS, PRICES, TERMS, ETC., WRITE THE WHITLOCK PRINTING PRESS MFG. CO., gf Derby, Conn. - AT THE SALES OFFICES BELOW : - Fuller Bldg., Broadway and 23d St., NEW YORK 309 Weld Building, : : : : BOSTON, MASS. Western Agents: AMERICAN TYPE FOUNDERS CO., Chicago, St. Louis, Cleveland, Cincinnati, Minneapolis, Kansas City, Denver, Dos Angeles, San Francisco. Southern Agents Messrs. J. H. SCHROETER CSk BRO., 44 West Mitchell St., Atlanta, Ga. European Agents : Messrs. T. W. C8. C. B SHERIDAN, 46 Farrinedon St.. London. Ena. THE INLAND PRINTER 285 WESEL PAYS FREIGHT To any part of the United States on Brass Rules, Electric Welded Chases, Galleys, Stereotype Blocks, Printers’ Tools ( Stitchers, Rule Benders, Composing Sticks, etc. ), Leads and Slugs — on a thousand and one articles — and on Type, when orders amount to $20 net. Send for list of merchandise on which Wesel pays the freight. Wesel Printing Material now costs the buyer on the Pacific Coast no more than the cost to the buyer next door to Wesel’s salesrooms. The Only Successful Block WESEL — PATENT Iron Grooved Block Carefully examine the illustration, and you will find proof that on this block more can be accomplished than on any other device for hold¬ ing plates on a press. Each plate can be shifted in all directions without affecting any other plate. Narrower margins can be obtained. Quick and perfect register. Indispensable for three-color printing. No chase or locking-up material required. Plates wear longer. Make- ready is quicker, and is permanent. No spring in forms. Changes of forms made rapidly and easily. Hundreds of users have invested from $12,000 to $60 in these blocks. Send for list of users and testimonials. When name and size of bed of press is given, price will be quoted promptly. State character of work to be done. This block is not only the best, but the most economical. Wesel makes every style of Block now in successful use — Iron and Metal Sectional Blocks with Dittman Register Hooks, Ruled Blocks, and Boston, New Style, and Old Style Patent Blocks. Fo WESEL MFGo CO. a 82=84 FULTON STREET, NEW YORK 310 DEARBORN STREET, CHICAGO 286 THE INLAND PRINTER The Inland Printer Business Directory. THe firms enumerated below are reliable, and are commended to the notice of those seeking materials, machinery or special service for the Printing, Illustrating and Bookbinding Industries. iESeeN“cfescBe0ntSIGoodCs0” BALL PROGRAMS AND INVITATIONS. -SSSSaSSS CRESeeN“ C^SrColI?’ PIainfieId’ N‘ l GR MichRAAlso mounting wo°odsGrand RaPidS' BRASS RULE AND BRASS GALLEYS. HASK Eddy st-’ CASE-MAKING AND EMBOSSING. Sh£rman St” CHARCOAL FOR ENGRAVERS. i AND MANUFAC- L°V^°wY^PANY> The, 444 and 446 Pearl st., ’ AND STEREOTYP- nanss* i AND STAMPERS. AND PHOTO- > AND STEREO- :pire City Electrotype Co., 251 William f4s st* G^’l„Fis,'F'StFw C,1«” cSS'Sod?" ra&j&i&sss iSING DIES AND COMPOSITION. RE^mssing dies, Embossing cwnpound^stock c^its! gmmtMM CLAlwaysVEEn°PEtock ’ 66 P3rk PlaC6’ NeW Y°rk‘ SAMc£GUPNPewSYErL°PE C°-’ St' L°UiS’ UN Mass. STEve ry" t ^UEChfca^Rfectin^ "presses^ Teesasi? ATanchesT^nLrF‘‘TpeSFoCuAderSs/’ ^ °f PRESSES -HAND AND FOOT POWER. esTuTderF^pEeRSFoCu°nde^ ”* °f R(to^R ^ap^D^arborn^treet^Chicagof65 3 Co., 33 Gold st„ New Yor ?yp RS Founders?” “* °f .^^an^e.^ REdidy st- HApWIaTdTelphiaWpa.C0'’ S2'54 SiXth St" 288 THE INLAND PRINTER THE INLAND PRINTER BUSINESS DIRECTORY-Continued. BTh”“ 1 ,3CosSc.*i FrZi st ■ cT,^"sr-«aS.— 4"' G“iSES^?s ;r'j.Sr3i.p- VING AND HALF-TONE .K A SPECIALTY. 240 E. 28th st„ New York. SILK CORDS AND TASSELS c"ffir-fe»S£”klto ! C“i™’ C«”°nTSodG0” P1*inB'M' “gAA 2a B"SST E- w - Co" S4 G'“T3 !X“ TIN-FOIL PAPER. Crooke, John J., Co., ^149 TOILET PA ■s'l^Te *“: mmmm *is^%£rAr$?cSi mm cA Short Story — quickly told: Simonds’ SfCnives ARE BEST Not I ground ci We b t BEST by virtue ot carefully selected high-grade steel, evenly tempered, accurately snce in the production of Knives of undisputed superiority and general excellence. jVUgNM'lkifflJj!’ IL ! ALL PROGRESSIVE PRINTERS Simonds Sfiannfacturing Co. SIMONDS’ KNIVES DEMAND THE BEST CHICAGO, ILL. FITCHBURG, MASS. ADDRESS KNIFE DEPARTMENT. BEST INLAND TYPE FOUNDRY STANDARD LINE UNIT SET ff PI ”* 5/1/04 PROGRESSIVE PRINTERS Everywhere : This letter is printed in our new 12-Point Oliver Typewriter, which was produced from punches furnished us hy the manufacturers of that machine. This side of the page was- printed "by an imitation typewritten process, and exactly matches the work of the typewriter. On the reverse side are shown a few lines printed direct from the type. The demand for imitation typewritten work has grown faster in the past few years than any other specialty "branch of printing. In all of the large cities there are many small plants devoted exclusively to It. This is because most of the larger offices have neglected to "go after the business" — they didn’t realize its possibilities. This branch of printing is worth inves¬ tigating. INLAND TYPE FOUNDRY 15 Per Cent and the regular cash discount is now allowed on type made by the Inland Type Foundry Mr. Pr interman: Dear Sir: This is a specimen of our new Oliver Typewriter, printed direct from the type. On the reverse side of this page is the same face printed to imitate the work of the Oliver typewriter hy a simple imita¬ tion typewriter process which gives the "ribbon" effect. Set in our 12-Point Oliver Typewriter, $2. 75-Caps lOA, $1.00; L. C. 32a, $1.75. Justifiers, per 1-lb. font. 42 cents. Also put up in weight fonts of 25 pounds, including justifiers. at 60 cents per pound. The Inland Pays the Freight on all orders amounting to $20 net, or over, for type and miscellaneous supplies, except machinery and wood goods. Inland Type Foundry Saint Louis :: Chicago :: Buffalo (See oflier side) THE INLAND PRINTER r MARK MARK ESTABLISHED 1830 Now about Good Knives LORING COES When you get your KNIFE like this You get COES’ Quality" trbde Improved Finish Even Temper MARK (which CAN be duplicated) and The “Coes Package” The COES Package is a new wrinkle, and that means “a good thing.” Wait and see the “aggregation” copy it. SPEAKING of priority, we did not buy out any old defunct knife house to get that 1 g 3 0 That fellow in the other corner has been here, right here , since 1830 Coes is always first ! WRITTEN WARRANT IF YOU SAY SO. Write L. Coes 6 Co. Worcester, Mass. (Inc) NEW YORK AND VICINITY : G. V. ALLEN, 10 Warren St., NEW YORK. TRADE TRADE 289 2-9 290 THE INLAND PRINTER Leader m Type Fashions A merican lype rounders Discounts on American Type 15% and 2% for Cask Co. 25 Jot Type, Body Type, B rass Rule, Leads and Borders, Ornaments, Slugs, an A Metal Spaces and Quads 1 . Per Cent. Furniture . per Cent. Subject to an extra discount for cast of 2 per cent. All merchandise sold hy the American Type Founders Company is subject to a discount of 2 per cent, for cash only when paid for hy the 15th of the month following month of purchase. If account is paid between the 15th and the end of the month following purchase, the cash discount will he hut 1 per cent. The American Pays the Freight Freight charges will he prepaid by the American Type Founders Company on all orders amounting to $20.00 net and over of the following goods, when received at one time to he forwarded in one shipment. Job Type, Body Type, Spaces, Quads, Borders, Ornaments, Electrotypes, Brass Rule, Leads, Slugs, Metal Furniture or Miscellaneous Printers Supplies specified m Table No. 1 given below: BELLOWS Benzine Cans Blankets Bodkins Books for Printers Brackets Brass and Copper Thin Spaces Brass Rule. Adv. Rules Circles and Ovals Column Rules Dashes Head Rules Leaders Leads and Slugs Brushes CARD CUTTERS* Cement, Tablet Chases Composing Rules Composing Sticks Copy Holders Counting Machines Cutting and Scoring Rules Steel and Brass Cutting Sticks ELECTROTYPES ind Reglet in TABLE No. 1 KNIFE SHARPENERS * INK* Ink Fountains * Ink Reducers Lead and Rule Cutt Leads and Slugs Lettering Pallet Liquid Cement MAILING MACHINES ♦ Make-up Rules Mallets Metal Furniture Miter Boxes Mitering Machines* NEWSPAPER FILES Numbering Machines Typographic and Hand PADDING GLUE Paper Joggers* Paper Cutter Knives Perforators Perforating Rule Planers Plate Cutters* QUADS, CIRCULAR Quoins Quotation Furniture Stri Rollers Roller Composition Roller Felt Roller Supporters Round Cornering Machines Rule Bender Rule Cutter* SAWS Sectional Blocks Shooting Sticks Side and Foot Sticks Staple Binders * Steel Rule Cutters* Stereo. Blocks TABLET PRESSES* Take Slugs Tape Tape Couplers Thin Spaces Tweezers Type High Gauges Type High Machines* Type Measure Type Wash WIRE Wire Staples Wood Furniture, in yard lengths Wood Galleys Wood Quoins Wood Rule * Providing the weight does not exceed 50 pounds TABLE No. 2. — Goods on which we do not Prepay the Freight: Presses, Paper Cutters, and other Machinery weighing more than 50 lbs.. Imposing Stones, Paper and Wood Goods. THE INLAND PRINTER 291 ‘The American Pays the Freight Subject to the following Conditions and Regulations: 1. We prepay the freight on all orders amounting to $20.00 net and over for type, borders, ornaments, electro¬ types, brass rule, spaces, quads, leads, slugs, metal furniture or miscellaneous printers' supplies specified in Table No. 1, when ordered at one time and sent in one shipment. 2. "We do not prepay the freight on orders for type, brass rule and the other goods specified which amount to less than $20.00 net. 3. V/here the order for type, brass rule or miscella¬ neous printers’ supplies amounts to $20.00 net or over, hut contains other items specified in Table No. 2, the customer will he charged for freight on all such other goods. 4. We do not prepay the freight on goods specified m Table No. 2. 5. When customers order shipment by Express (when order amounts to $20.00 net or over), we will credit on the hill the amount the freight would have cost on the goods upon which we prepay freight charges. 6. If the customer specified that the order he for¬ warded m two or more separate shipments (Express or freight), each part will he considered as a separate shipment, and the freight will not he prepaid when such part con¬ tains less than $20.00 worth net (after deducting all dis¬ counts) of prepaid goods. The right is reserved, to forward the shipment by the cheapest route, whether hy R. R. freight, boat, express, or any other route. And also to ship from the most convenient point. Offices not located on R. R. we do not prepay beyond the nearest R. R. point. On orders from Alaska, Hawaii, Porto Rico, Philippines and foreign countries, we prepay only to American seaport. Should goods he returned on which the freight has been prepaid, the same will he deducted before making credit allowances. cTkc A merican Li me The demand for the popular American type designs has been greatly increased by the adoption of the American Lining System. It is not difficult to make a selection from the American Line Specimen Book — 300 pages — beautifully printed — showing late faces in type and border designs. The standard job and advertising faces shown m practical display. If your name is not on our Mail List, send your address to the nearest Selling House and specimens of the latest designs in types and borders will be mailed you as issued. Discounts on American Type 15% and 2% for Cask A merican T ype 'ounders Location of Selling Houses: Boston, 270 Congress St. New York, Rose and Duane Sts. Philadelphia, 606-614 Sansom St. Baltimore, 914 W. Baltimore St. Pittsburgh, 323 Third Ave. Buffalo, 45 North Division St. Chicago, 203 and 205 Monroe St. Cincinnati, 124-128 East Sixth St. Cleveland, 255-257 St. Clair St. St. Louis, Fourth and Elm Sts. Kansas City, 610 Delaware St. Minneapolis, 24 First St. South Vancouver, B. C., 323 Columbia Ave. Denver, 1621 Blake St. Spokane, 338-342 Sprague Ave. Seattle, 115 Third Ave. S. Portland, Ore., Second and Stark Sts. Los Angeles, 121 North Broadway San Francisco, 405 Sansome St. Largest Type Foundry m tke World 292 THE INLAND PRINTER THE INLAND PRINTER 293 FULLER AUTOMATIC FEEDERS NEW MODEL ForPrinting Presses, Folding Machines, Ruling Machines \ etc. Accurately feeds all kinds of paper, light or heavy. Can be attached to any make or style of Printing Press working flat sheets. Adapted to all classes of letterpress, lithographic or color work. WE GUARANTEE AN INCREASE IN PRODUCTION OF TEN TO TWENTY-FIVE PER CENT OVER HAND FEEDING, PERFECT REGISTER AND SAVING IN WASTAGE OF STOCK. - : Thousands in successful operation. === - - CHICAGO E. C. FULLER COMPANY NEW YORK 294 THE INLAND PRINTER THE HUBER PRESS Is the best, because it is the most durable. Is the strongest in its wearing parts. The distribution of the ink is as perfect as can be made. It runs fastest with less jar. The impression is very rigid. The machine is simple to operate, requires less care, least liable to break, with very little attention will last a lifetime. The Huber is worthy of your investiga¬ tion. Will require but little time, and will repay you with many years of satisfaction. See it in operation before placing your order. VAN ALLENS & BOUGHTON IQ to 2d Rose St., 5Q Ann St., New York. Agents, Pacific Coast, HADWEN SWAIN MFG. COMPANY. WESTERN OFFICE, 277 Dearborn Street, 215 Spear Street, San Francisco, Cal. H. W. THORNTON, Manager, Agent, England, P. LAWRENCE, 57 Shoe Lane, London, E. C. Telephone, 801 Harrison. CHICAGO THE INLAND PRINTER 295 THE FAIRBANKS - IMPROVED - GAS AND GASOLINE ENGINE: SAFE — RELIABLE — SIMPLE — ECONOMICAL. Consume fuel only in proportion to the load. You pay for the actual power consumed 1 TO 100 HORSE-POWER. THE FAIRBANKS COMPANY Broome and Elm Sts., NEW YORK ALBANY BUFFALO NEW ORLEANS SYRACUSE VANCOUVER BALTIMORE HARTFORD PHILADELPHIA MONTREAL WINNIPEG BOSTON NEW YORK PITTSBURG TORONTO LONDON The “BEST and CHE, A TEST PO WE K for you to use. Especially adapted for Operating Printing Machinery. Sloth c/Motors are the best adapted for Print¬ ers’ cyMachinery. o4re very economical and make profits at every turn. When in doubt . Try the “ Roth.” To be certain. . . Buy the “Roth.” Write for Bulletins. ROTH BROS. C& CO. 27- 29 S. Clinton St., CHICAGO, ILL. Phone, Main 2429 296 THE INLAND PRINTER Our Inks Talk We recognize competition in price only — not in quality. Luster, brilliancy, tinctorial strength and un¬ surpassed working qualities is what we furnish. For specimen of our “Multi” or “Art-Tone” Inks, see article on Frank Brangwyn, pages 33 to 48, in Scribner’s January number; also frontis¬ piece in May number. Lloyd Design and Lloyd Quality ELECTROTYPING, STEREOTYPING AND ENGRAVING MACHINERY THERE is no sentiment in business; particular merit has kept Lloyd Machinery in the lead for over twenty-five years. A quarter of a century of strict adherence to the golden rule has made a host of customers among the largest and best platemaking concerns in the world. This is the foundation of the Lloyd reputation and the Lloyd guarantee which goes with every shipment. It means up-to-date design and conscientious work as well as a thorough understanding of requirements. Particular machines for particular people. Write us for a list of good things. GEO. E. LLOYD & CO. 200 SOUTH CLINTON STREET CHICAGO -KIRK, GEARY & CO., San I PRINTERS AND PHOTO- ENGRAVERS like all others, want the best and want it quickly. We are prepared to supply you with the best machinery that money can buy, and to do so as soon as we know your wants. Bear this in mind and address us when you contemplate additions to your plant. Our BEVELERS are the standard. For ease of operation, for minimum cost of production, and for positively satisfactory results they are unexcelled. Let us send you our booklet descriptive of this machine. JOHN ROYLE & SONS Makers of Printers' & Photo- Engravers' Machinery PATERSON, NEW JERSEY, U. S. A. Binner Wells Company CHICAGO NEW YORK Designers - Engravers - Printers New Building of the Binner-Wells Company 309-10-11 Michigan Boulevard, Chicago Building. Modern throughout, especially designed and constructed for the engraving and printing business. Environment the best in Chicago — facing Grant Park, overlooking Lake Michigan. Equipment. Most modern procurable. All machinery operated by individual electric motors. Organization. Specialists (officers and members of the company) at the head of each department. HE placing of a contract with the Binner-Wells Company means something more to the buyer than assurance of the delivery of a quantity of book¬ lets and catalogues of a given number of pages and specified quality and weight of paper, which have felt the impress of ink. CL Our product bears not only the stamp of neatness and perfection of mechanical detail which comes from the skilled artisan, but has imparted to it an advertising quality, “a fitness of purpose” — the very life and soul of adver¬ tising literature. CL The organization of the Binner-Wells Com¬ pany encompasses the complete process of the building of advertising literature from the planning, writing and designing to the finished product. Binner-Wells Company CHICAGO NEW YORK Designers - Engravers - Printers THE INLAND PRINTER 297 Rapid Work Our Motto DINSE, PAGE & CO. Electrotypers - AND = Stereotypers 167 Adams Street, Chicago Telephone, Central No. 1216 Andrews & Pittman Mfg.Co. new York. MANUFACTURERS Ideal Iron Grooved Block Our Hook tips intotheGroove. Is always assem¬ bled. Only one piece to handle. A time-saver. Length Six-inch . . Eight-inch . Ten-inch . . Twelve-inch Fifteen-inch Twenty-inch Rouse Job Sticks are mrivaled_ for accuracy, convenience and durability Adjust instantly to picas or nonpareils. No job office complete without them. Sold by representative dealers everywhere. MADE ONLY BY H. B. Rouse & Co., 158 E. Huron Street, Chicago. Illustrated Booklet Free. John Haddon & Co., London, Sole Agents for Great Britain. DUPLICATES FOR SALE. THE INLAND PRINTER 299 Nil. ENAMELED BOOK Whitest, Highest Finish and the Best Printer The Champion Coated Paper Co. HAMILTON, OHIO 300 THE INLAND PRINTER IF YOU HAVE A SPECIALTY INVESTIGATE THE COY FLAT- BED ROTARY. IT HAS REMARKABLE FACILITIES FOR NUMBER WORK. It is equally remarkable as a fast and long run jobber. It perforates and slits. THE COY PRINTING PRESS CO., 107 S. Sangamon Street, CHICAGO Midget Counter A THOROUGHLY DUSTPROOF, COMPACT MACHINE. ACCURATE AND GUARANTEED FOR ONE YEAR. By mail, postpaid, on receipt of ONE DOLLAR. Registered mail, 8 cents extra. Our Steel Run Double Stand will hold 40 full size cases. Made of hard wood, 43 in. standard height. Ample space to prevent scraping of type between cases. Your own cases will fit. Saves floor space; saves re-laying type. Permits more working room. Entire flat top free for tied-up forms. Price, including 2-case Iron Bracket Price, including 3-case Iron Brackets : 2 California cases . pair news let, $13.50 r news and let, $17.00 CHAS. BECK PAPER CO. Ltd. 607 Chestnut Street. PHILADELPHIA, PA. When You Consider, Mr. Printer, the prospects and possibilities of an advertising proposi¬ tion, big or little, isn’t it worth while to figure yourchances of having A Satisfied Customer? There’s’ no argument against it. Let us help you to satisfy your customers from our vast assortment of Advertising Merchan¬ dise and Novelties in Calendars, Hangers, Shapes, Cut-outs , Fans, Blotters, Picture Cards, Novelty and Mailing Folders, Thermometers, Rulers, etc. Aluminum, Leather , IFood, Metal and Paper Novelties for advertising or premium purposes. SAMPLES NOW READY — SOMETHING NEW^= Imported MIRROR Novelties A handsome line of seven styles. Will make an elegant article for souvenir, premium or calendar advertising. Will not be destroyed or cast aside. Prepaid express — Complete set of “Mirror Novelties,” . . 75 cts. Write promptly for sample terms, price-lists, catalogues, discounts, etc. BENNETT- THOMAS MFC. CO. Jlmportprs, Hakrra and ilobbms 328-334 Dearborn Street, Chicago, III., u. s. a. THE INLAND PRINTER 301 Lasts Long=Costs Little= Saves Much TiTe RHODES BLANKET (AUTOMATIC MAKE-READY) No Press Complete Without It ! ADDRESS RHODES BLANKET CO. 290 Broadway. NEW YORK Liberal Discounts = Freight Prepaid Nathan’s Celebrated Printing Inks 1. — FREIGHT WILL BE PREPAID to any point in the United States on Nathan’s Printing Inks by any of Nathan’s Agents (see list below) on orders of any size, if ordered with Type and Printing Materials other than Machinery, Paper and Wood goods amounting in all to $20.00 net ; and on all orders for Nathan’s Inks alone amounting to $ 20.00 net. 2. — FREIGHT WILL BE PREPAID to any point in the United States by ALBERT NATHAN &. CO. on all orders sent direct to 148 Worth Street, New York City. 3. — NATHAN’S INKS WILL BE SOLD AT A LARGE DISCOUNT FROM THE LIST PRICES printed in the catalogues of the American Type Founders Co., Dodson Printers’ Supply Co., Bruce Type Foundry and Nathan’s Specimen Book of Printing Inks, 20,000 of which are in the hands of printers in the United States. WHO IS NATHAN ? Inks have been sold exclusively by all branches of the American Type Founders Co. , as well as by the leading dealers in Mexico, Canada, Cuba and South America, all of whom carry Nathan’s Inks in stock. The Specimen Books of the American Type Founders Co. are printed with Nathan’s Inks — this is the best endorsement. ALBERT NATHAN (Sb CO., 146-148 Worth Street, NEW YORK CITY All Agents Prepay Freight; and Carry Stock 302 THE INLAND PRINTER Solidity and Brilliancy Ease in Working Great Covering Power Stability Scientific Accuracy in Preparation Meeting Every Demand of Stock and Coloration 0 BUFFALO PRINTING INK WORKS BUFFALO, N. Y. Cover and Book Papers JAMES WHITE (§*, CO. PAPER. DEALERS 210 Monroe Street* CHICAGO, ILL. The Robert Dick Mailer The Printers’ friend. Unrivaled for simplicity, durability and speed. With it experts have addressed from 6,000 to 8,586 papers in less than an hour. Latest record, 200 papers in less than a minute. No office complete without it. Rev. Robert Dick Estate PRICE, *20. BUFFALO, N. ’ Spaceband Repairing 30 Cents Each Best Swedish Steel — Accurate Workmanship For two-letter machines we have designed a special sleeve, which, being stronger, insures greater life to spacebands. No Extra Charge for this Special Style It can be used only with machines having two-letter attachment. WE GUARANTEE ALL OUR WORK In ordering Spaceband repairs, specify whether for single or two letter machines. SCHUYLER REPAIR WORKS po1rp2274 s* 139 Laflin Street, CHICAGO THE INLAND PRINTER 303 304 THE INLAND PRINTER Colorado r The Black Hills Yellowstone The Yosemite, California, Puget Sound ^ points, Alaska, the Summer Resorts of the Wisconsin and Minnesota lake regions and scores of other pleasure grounds are reached by The North-Western Line. During the summer, special low rates are in effect from all points and the train service via the Chicago & North-Western Railway is the finest in the West. Hotel accommodations are good and the prices reasonable. If you are ready to plan the summer’s vacation, write at once telling what subject you are interested in and secure booklets and information on Colorado, California, the Yosemite and the Yellowstone, Short Jaunts for Busy People, Hunting and . Fishing, Lakes and Woods of the Northwest, Steam¬ ship Tours to Alaska, etc., with valuable data as to hotels, rates, railway fare, scenery and game. All agents sell tickets via this line. W. B. KNISKERN, CHICAGO, ILL. THE INLAND PRINTER 305 Ullman’s Inks— What they mean: Good ink costs no more than poor ink — often less. Only be sure Ullman’s name is on the label. It has meant good ink for several generations. It means the same to-day. It means progress in ink-making. It means correct inks for every purpose. It means prompt and careful service. It means careful attention to every order, no matter what its size may be. It means ink troubles are past. Altogether it means much more than you may imagine. You can not know what they are unless you use them. Write and find out — do it to-day. Sigmund Ullman Co. 146 th Street and Park Avenue New York, N. Y. Western Branch — 45 Plymouth Court, Chicago. Downtown Branch — 25 Frankfort Street, New York. 2-10 306 THE INLAND PRINTER AMERICAN IDEAS AMERICA IS NOT LARGE ENOUGH TO HOLD AMERICAN PRINTING INVENTIONS These find a ready sale on the British market, which presents a field as remunerative as it is world-wide. Walker Bros, have absolutely unrivaled facilities for placing well-tested inventions on the British market, and are open to take up sole agencies for approved lines. } 5 - - - < JTtjr Bntfof) JHarfcrt WALKER BROS., of Bouverie Street, London, are known throughout British printerdom as the suppliers of everything, from a bodkin to a mammoth news press. Their staff of representatives moves in the best trade circles, and by them Great Britain and Ireland is systematically worked. Walker Bros.’ house circular, “ The Printers'1 Engineer ,” mailed gratis monthly to every known printer in the British Empire, is not only read but kept for reference. It is questionable if any house in the world has better means of reaching the trade at home and abroad. WALKER BROS. Printers’ Engineers and Sundriesmen 31 BOUVERIE STREET, E. C., LONDON, ENGLAND CORRESPONDENCE INVITED May Stitcher-bulletin of Fads In the Boston Wire Stitching Machine the feed grip pushes the wire along a hardened steel guide, through the cutter and over the anvil, the latter being also a supporter. In the process of stitching, the bender bar drops down to hold the wire before the cutter operates, thus preventing the wire jumping forward, and positively centering the stitch on the anvil, making possi¬ ble the fine, even stitching which distinguishes the work of the "Boston" from that of all other stitchers. Immediately after the wire is cut the grip opens and returns to its first position without touching the wire, the latter being held tightly by the back of the circular cutter until the feed grip is again in contact. In this manner the wire is not flattened by passing through rolls, and the strength and binding power of the smallest wire, like No. 30, is not destroyed. The "Boston" is the only stitcher which will satisfactorily use No. 30 wire. For further particulars and net prices apply to the nearest house of General Selling Agent of the Boston Wire Stitcher, American Type Founders Co. THE INLAND PRINTER 307 LIGHT, INFLEXIBLE WRAPPERS FOR MAILING W' Books, Pictures, Calendars and Catalogues WITHOUT BENDING OR BRUISING The Thompson & Norris Co. BROOKLYN, NEW YORK PECULIARITIES In the March issue of this paper I told the story of the crank who requested his name scratched from my mail list because I demanded cash in advance for my goods, and which he thought was against all proper business rules. This same fellow, to suit his whimsical ideas, pays 7 cents a pound for his news ink, on thirty days’ credit, while my price is 5 cents a pound cash with order. About the same time I received his letter, another one came from Mr. S. C. Woodruff, publisher of the Seneca, Mo., Dispatch, which reads as follows : “My Dear Sir: The last 100 pounds of ink that I bought of you I swore that it was the last lot I would pay for before I got it, and the last keg I used I got elsewhere and haven’t paid for it yet. But it didn’t suit me by a long ways like your ink, and I herewith enclose check for $5.00 for which please send me by return freight 100 pounds of your best black news ink, just like the last you sent me. Hereafter I will buy your inks and no kick about advance payment." It is not a question of credit or rating with me, but if I make one exception, I can not hereafter advertise that not an ounce of ink ever left my place unless paid for in advance. Send for my price¬ list and compare it with what you are paying for inks on credit. = ADDRESS ' — . — ' - . = Printers Ink Jonson 17 Spruce Street, New York City 308 THE INLAND PRINTER ACME, Wire Staple BINDERS “The Best Automatic IV ire- Stapling Devices on the market. ” Operated by hand or foot power. Equipped with Automatic Clinching and Anti-clogging Devices. Full information promptly furnished on application. ACME STAPLE CO. ill 500 N. 12th St., PHILADELPHIA ACME BINDER *6 No. 6 f hints] flMPOSITIONl l * A A Handbook for Printers >r THIS book is a thoroughly reliable guide to the imposi¬ tion of book forms, and shows in addition to the usual diagrams, the folds of the sheet for each form, with concise instructions which maybe readily understood by the advanced printer or the apprentice. Several chapters, fully illustrated, are devoted to “making” the margins, and this feature alone is well worth the price of the book. q6 pages, 4 by 6 inches , full leather , flexible, gold side stamp. Price, $1.00 THE INLAND PRINTER COMPANY 120-130 Sherman Street, CHICAGO 116 Nassau Street, . NEW YORK Pjjototngrattng By H. JENKINS CONTAI N I NG practical instructions for pro¬ ducing photoengraved plates in relief-line and half-tone, with chapters on the theory and practice of three-color work, by Frederic E. Ives and Stephen H. Horgan, the frontispieces being progres¬ sive proofs of one of the best exhibits of three-color work. The whole is richly illustrated, printed on highly enameled heavy paper, and bound in blue silk cloth, gold embossed; new edition, revised and brought down to date ; 200 pages. Price, $2.00 THE INLAND PRINTER COMPANY 116 Nassau Street 120-130 Sherman St. NEW YORK CHICAGO THE INLAND PRINTER 309 You WUI Profit We equip you complete, in such a manner that success is certain. By Using We teach you not only how to make an overlay, but how to make an entire form in the least possible time. Gilbert, Harris C& Co. 334 Dearborn Street, Chicago, Ill. Metallic Overlays GEO.E. CRANE Pres’t.S MJr. J NO. DRURY, Secy. & Treas. Chicago Roller (jo. MANUFACTURERS OF PRINTERS ROLLERS 114-116 SHERMAN ST., CHICAGO. ILL. cAre You About to Start a Newspaper or Buy One Already Started? IF SO, YOU SHOULD HAVE Establishing a /-|-\HE latest work on this subject pub- lished. It is a handbook not only for the prospective publisher, but includes suggestions for the financial ad¬ vancement of existing daily and weekly Newspaper-* By o. F. BYXBEE tains 114 pages, is bound in cloth, and neatly printed. Sent postpaid to any address on receipt of price, $1.00. Send at once before edition is exhausted. Circular telling all about it sent free. We INLAND PRINTER CO., Publishers, ~ 310 THE INLAND PRINTER Write for Circulars, Prices and Terms. Elliott Addressing Machine 2,000 Addresses Per Hour NEW YORK PHILADELPHIA CHICAGO ST. LOUIS SAN FRANCISCO 309 Broadway 1039 R. E. Trust Building 964 Monadnock Block 516 Holland Building 303 California Street Adopted by the U. S. Government, Printers, Publishers, Insurance Companies, Banks, Railroads and thousands of commercial houses. C]f Stencil cards of various colors are used for classifying different lists, giving a com¬ plete Card Catalogue of the mailing list. Elliott Addressing Machine Company, 104 Purchase street, Boston, Mass. C. F. ANDERSON CO. | Formerly CENTRAL MACHINE WQRKS~| 327-329 DEARBORN STREET, CHICAGO. The Anderson Bundling Press.. THE INLAND PRINTER 311 OUR SAMPLE SHEET OF Solid Cover Colors For printing on dark-colored and antique papers will be mailed to you on applica¬ tion. They are the best made. Try them Thalmann Printing Ink Company SAINT LOUIS CHICAGO KANSAS CITY OMAHA Have you figured what it costs you in time and money experimenting with cheaper, untried machines? In all the States and in nearly EVERY FOREIGN COUNTRY Latham’s 20th Century Monitor Wire Stitchers Are earning money for their owners and giving pleasure to operators. We manufacture them in many sizes and styles to meet the requirements of the largest printer, bookbinder or lithographer. We watch closely every detail in their construc¬ tion, and spare no time or expense in improvements where it is possible, keeping them always up=to=date and the best to be had in any market. They are not the cheapest, but the best money can buy. We also manufacture Perforators, Numfaer= ing and Paging Machines, Multiplex Punching Machines, Paper Cutters, Embossers, Standing Presses, Table Shears, in fact nearly everything pertaining to a Bindery, and can furnish complete outfits of machinery. Let us send you our catalogue and further details. No. 1 — 20th Century Monitor Stitcher. Capacity, 2 Sheets to Vs Inch. LATHAM MACHINERY COMPANY Main Office and Factory — 197=201 S. Canal St., CHICAGO, ILL. New YorK Store, 8 Reade Street 312 THE INLAND PRINTER All points in New York and New S7*/r*^* n Ppr,tr«1 England best reached by the C/ V^Cll LI ell Printing that Advertises ! Des Moines, Iowa, April 16, 1904. “THE WORLD TO-DAY,” Chicago: Gentlemen, — We note that your magazine is very much better printed than the average magazine, and we would appreciate the favor very much if you would kindly advise us whether or not it is printed on a perfecting press or a flat-bed press, also the name of the press and the approximate number of impressions which may be made in a day. It is necessary for us to add some additional press facilities, and it is a big question with us as to just what we had better put in. Assuring you we will appreciate any information you may give us, and thanking you in advance, we remain, Very truly yours SUCCESSFUL FARMING, Die. E. T. M. E. T. MEREDITH, Manager. The 44 World To-Day ” is issued from the presses of The Henry O. Shepard Company , makers of 44 Printing that Attracts THE HENRY O. SHEPARD COMPANY Designers, Engravers, Printers, Binders Telephone, Harrison 4230-4231 120=130 Sherman Street, CHICAGO THE INLAND PRINTER 313 The Grand Canyon of Arizona DIRECTLY REACHED BY RAIL. TRAINS DAILY TO THE RIM. This Titan of Chasms is incomparably the greatest scenic wonder of the world. More than a mile deep, 1 3 miles wide, 2 1 7 miles long. Is it difficult to realize these dimensions? Try comparisons: If a full regiment of soldiers were to stand upright on each other’s shoulders, the column would scarcely reach from river to rim. The Masonic Temple, Chicago, is 302 feet high. Twenty such buildings could be superimposed in the Canyon’s deepest gorge without reaching the top. New York’s eight tallest business edifices aggregate 2,393 feet in height. Double those figures and there would still be a thousand feet between the topmost building and upper rim. From the Auditorium to Hyde Park represents only half the distance from rim to rim across the Canyon’s stupendous abyss. Niagara Falls, the Yosemite, Pike’s Peak, even Chicago itself, if all set down in the Grand Canyon, a field glass would be needed to find them. A short, inexpensive and easy side tour on the California trip. Round-trip rate for side ride, Williams to Grand Canyon, $6.50 Free copy of beautifully illustrated pamphlet sent on request. Set of four black-and-white Platinum prints, for framing, 25 cents. Handsomely lithographed and illustrated book of over 200 pages, containing articles by many noted authors — 50 cents. Address Atchison, Topeka Santa Fe Ry. General Passenger Office ALL THE WAY Q 1118 Railway Exchange Chicago 314 THE INLAND PRINTER RIESSNER’S IMPERIAL GOLD INK JWot made _for anything but “Plated and Coated StocK. Any printer using this class of paper can print BRIGHT GOLD and do away with the annoyance of bronzing. Something all printers want. WE HAVE IT ! iinpOUnd & T. RIESSNER *• If 57 Gold St., NEW YORK $3.00 per lb. 3.00 3.00 4.00 PRINTS BRIGHT GOLD ( See Insert December, 1903 ) NEW TYPE-HIGH MACHINE The Reliance Rotary Planer This Planer is especially designed for dressing mounted half-tones and electrotypes (either wood or metal) to type-high to an absolute accuracy. Blocks the full size of the capacity of the planer will gauge to uniform thickness to a thousandth of an inch. The same time rough boards can be planed on the Reliance for mounting purposes, since the change from type-high to any other thickness and back to type-high can be quickly made. For high-class testimonials, detail description, sizes and prices, write to the MANUFACTURERS PAUL SHNIEDEWEND & CO., 118-132 West Jackson Boulevard, CHICAGO ORIGINATORS OF TYPE-HIGH MACHINES Perfection Wire -Stitching Machines Always Satisfactory eJ.L. MORRISON CO. 60 Duane St., New York APFY Typographic Numbering Machine Mu&mmh Machines for Cash Sales Books, i to 50 or 1 to 100 and repeat Special machines made to order with drop ciphers, entirely automatic, for printing backward without stopping the press ; also, machines for Harris Automatic Press, or any other special numbering machine or device. We have made Numbering Machines of various kinds for many years, and having a thorough knowledge of the other machines of this kind, have produced the APEX as the highest point in the art of making this class of goods, and the APEX in the hands of many users has proved to be the best, without exception. References and prices on application. New York Stencil Works 100 Nassau Street. :: :: NEW YORK CITY DO YOU IMITATE TYPEWRITING? If you do, you should use Little’s Printing Ink and Typewriter Ribbons to match. The Blue Record Ink is recommended for general circular work, perfect match being obtained with Blue Record Ribbons. Send for sample of regular work. :: Typewriter Ribbons, Satin-finish Carbon Papers, and the wonderful Cobweb Carbon Papers, the thinnest and most durable carbon paper upon the market. :: :: :: :: :: :: :: INK, Triai RIBBONS RIBBONS, Per Doze - - - - $3.00 A. P. Little CHICAGO PHILADELPHIA TORONTO THE INLAND PRINTER 315 Nebbing 3inbttattons Our Sample Sets are the Commencement Calling CarDs finest in the field. dlnbitattons Cntbosseb Stationer}) Write for in¬ formation. anti programs WM. FREUND & SONS, 174-176 State Street, CHICAGO, ILLINOIS OLIVER ^/III Ititomatic tvilh MEGILL’S AUTOMATIC S/S in REGISTER Europe GAUGE STYLES AND PRICES IN VARIETY ^/1U ^/lulogciuge kvilh MEGILL’S PLATEN GUIDES GAUGE PINS Value beyond GAUGES WRITE FOR DESCRIPTIVE MATTER The F I "R S T in the World. "BEST and LATEST EDWARD L. MEGILL, Patentee and Manufacturer, 60 Duane St., NEW YORK 316 THE INLAND PRINTER From Chicago daily, August 15 to September 10, 1904. First-class tickets good on The Overland Limited of the Chicago, Milwaukee and St. Paul and Union Pacific Line. Also good on The Cali¬ fornia Express via this line. The California Express, leaving Chicago at 10.25 P- m- daily, carries a tourist sleeping car, in which the berth rate to San Fran¬ cisco is only $7. Tickets also good on The South¬ west Limited via Kansas City. For $11 tickets may be purchased via St. Paul, Minneapolis and Port¬ land, good on The Pioneer Limited, The Train of Trains, Chicago to the Twin Cities. Books and folders sent for six cents postage. F. A. Miller, General Passenger Agent, Chicago. LOW RATES TO MANY OTHER POINTS Tickets — 95 Adams Street Chicago THE INLAND PRINTER 317 No. 1856. $1.10 No. 1855. $1.10 No. 1857. $1.10 Sent postpaid on receipt of price by THE INLAND PRINTER COMPANY, CHICAGO. Order by 318 THE INLAND PRINTER New Jersey Wire Stitching Machine. THE HIGHEST GRADE. “FOOL PROOF.” STEAM OR ELECTRIC MOTOR. Send for Catalogue. J. L. Shoemaker & Co. SOLE AGENTS, 15 South Sixth Street PHILADELPHIA, PA. DISPLACES BENZINE. Non-Explosive, More Economical. Used by U. S. Government and thousands of printers. Reduces insurance rates nearly 25%. Preserves rollers. Devoid of gum or sediment. TARCOLIN TRADE-MARK. Sole manufacturers of non-inflammable solvents and detergents for all purposes, under the following trade-marks: Anti-Benzine, Tarcolin, Rockolin, Alcolin, Dissolin and Pyronil. Write for booklet. Delete Chemical Co. 126 William St.. New YorK. Copper and Zinc Plates MACHINE GROUND AND POLISHED CELEBRATED satin finish brand FOR PHOTO-ENGRAVING AND ETCHING MANUFACTURED BY American Steel & Copper Plate Co. 150 NASSAU STREET, NEW YORK, N. Y. MACHINE DESIGN YOU have a machine to develop. YOU KNOW it would pay you well to install it if it were well designed. I MAKE A SPECIALTY of just such work (and do consider¬ able of it). How can you find that I am the one to do your work ? SAMUEL HOLLINGSWORTH, M.E. Post Oflice Building PLAINFIELD, N. J. The Black-Clawson ,Co. HAMILTON, OHIO BUILDERS OF IMPROVED ~ Paper and Pulp Mill Machinery INK MILLS, PERFORATORS Saturating and Drying Machinery, Plating Machines, Special Machinery, etc. Write us for prices and further particulars Whitmore Mfg. Co. HOLYOKE. MASS. MANUFACTURE BEST GRADES OF Surface Coated Papers Card Board ESPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR LITHOGRAPHING AND THREE-COLOR WORK PRINTERS’ ROLLERS BEST AND CHEAPEST IN USE - - ALSO - TABLET GUM GODFREY & CO. 909 Sansom St., Philadelphia, Pa. Ifinahurry,”n,dhay“"orms ATLAS ELECTROTYPE COMPANY : We do electrotyping only, and give prompt service and best work. We can please you. Out-of-town work solicited. 76 to 82 Sherman St., Chicago The Big Three Rooks Linen Ledger ... 16 cents per lb. Rooks White Laid Linen. 16 cents per lb. Rooks Bond . 16 cents per lb. All plated finish. Absolutely pure linen. Carried in stock by E. S. ROOKS & COMPANY 127-129 MARKET STREET, CHICAGO, ILL. LINEN PAPERS WITH THESE WATERMARKS ARE ACKNOWLEDGED TO BE OF THE HIGHEST QUALITY. SEND FOR SAMPLE BOOK. CRANE BROS.. PAPER MAKERS, WESTFIELD. MASS. LMartenson&Co. ^^MACHINISTS— Printers’ and Bookbinders’ Machinery a Specialty 186 and 198 South Clark Street, Sixth Floor, Rear. CHICAGO. CARBON BLACK Godfrey L. Cabot BOSTON. MASS. ECLIPSE. SUNSET. ELF. BANNER. THE INLAND PRINTER 319 PIRIE’S CELEBRATED GUMMED PAPERS i St., New YorK. S. P. Shotter Company Rosin Oils All grades and gravities for making PRINTING INK GET OUR PRICES AND SAMPLES Slade, Hipp 4 Meloy 139 LAKE STREET, CHICAGO. MILLS BOOK CLOTH- POLISHED ZINC AND COPPER PLATES ^ GLOSSOID BRANDS ^ OUR ZINC GIVING RESULTS NEARER TO SOFT ZINC- Superior Quality - -J — 'Finer Lines- - -Attractive Prices. DRAGONS BLOOD — -CHARCOAL - PHOTO-ENGRAVERS’ SUPPLIES. Star Stigravers^ Suppltj £o. 81 and 83 FULTON STREET Telephone. 139 JOHN NEW YORK CITY BONNERWITH BROS. MANUFACTURERS AND JOBBERS IN (Ualru&ara auii If’ ana tEastrr (Uariis, 3Fan HjanMes, rtr. Factory — 963-967 DeKalb Avenue BROOKLYN, N.Y. New York City Office — 78 Duane St. Largest line of Imported and Domestic Goods Send for Catalogue, Discounts, Terms, etc. "ETcst^ocfcet jFtanual of ^itnttng issssiiii A TIME-SAVER FOR PHOTO- ENGRAVERS “Keystone Photo Arc Lamp” FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC REPRODUCTIONS SAVES 75% IN CURRENT: AND 75% IN TIME — - - — Sole Manufacturers - — — - KEYSTONE BLUE PAPER C0„ 910 Filbert St., Philadelphia, Pa. CHICAGO BLUE PRINT PAPER 00., 160 Adams St., Chicago, III. BLATCHFORD METALS ALWAYS THE SAME Stereotype, Linotype, Monotype MANUFACTURE E, W, BLATCHFORD CO. CHICAGO WHY YOU NEED IT! Another 'Reason- /to. 5 Acme Ink Reducer Snips dftauttng a Cttxulattou* Price , One Dollar, postpaid. ®l)e fnlaiU printer Co. MITTAG & VOLGER CARBON PAPERS TYPEWRITER. RIBBONS For Printing Imitation Typewritten Letters MITTAG & VOLGER’S SUPERLATIVE INKS ,n “ PARK RIDGE, NEW JERSEY 320 THE INLAND PRINTER The Inland Printer— May, 1904. CONTENTS. INDEX TO ADVERTISEMENTS. BaSIl'SHt nt mh fe twl sSaS^s2?H twSaSs'i ISsS I usiS.sm*) Vol. XXXIII, No. 3. JUNE, 1904. Price, 25 Cents. The Inland Printer 5“^ Henry Lindenmeyr Sons Balzac Cream Laid No. 34- C Natural Laid Reflex Double Coated are the latest additions to our unexcelled lines of good BOOK PAPERS "Prompt shipments from stocK. Paper Warehouses 32 to 36 BleecKer Street 20 Beekman Street New York ■Nok o1. KKi 1 1904’ Holyoke, Mass., U. S. A. WROE fir BIGELOW. 1106-7 ] WgSjgl Rolpoke, mass., li. S.ii. i “BEST VALUE PAPER An assortment of very attractive lines in standard qualities WRITINGS LINENS and BONDS Stocked in all regular sizes and weights for prompt shipment, PRICES CONVINCINGLY LOW U N I O N p aYe! C O. 2/ flee km an Street^* flew rk SEND FOR OUR NEW BOOK OF Samples of Specialties in COVER PAPERS : VELLUM and SATIN TINTS • In fifteen colors. 21 x53. 60 and 80 lb. • ONION SKIN BOND • In Folio. R o ya 1 and Double Cap | HALF-TONE WRITING • In 17x22. 19x24 and 17x28 Keith Paper Co. HELLO! Have you ordered your IQ05 Calendars ? Noiv is the time , while the assortment is complete. Order from your printer — he has the Butler samples or can get them by writing. Large assortment. A BEAUTIFUL LINE Domestic Calendars, Mounted Calendars , Imported Shapes, Imported a?id Domestic Hangers. Special Designs made to order. Do not delay — order now, from your printer. ACCEPT ONLY BUTLER DESIGNS It is the. month of June The month of leaves and roses When pleasant sights salute the eyes And pleasant scents the noses " — N.P.WILU6 . 3-1 322 THE INLAND PRINTER ALWAYS AHEAD OUR LATEST SUCCESS It pleases us to announce to the trade that we have perfected and have in successful operation a CONTINUOUS FEED TRIMMER. for trimming all sizes of sewed or stitched books, pamphlets, magazines, etc., with absolute accuracy^ ITS OUTPUT IS ENORMOUS! Write for further particulars. The Seybold Machine Co. Paper Cutters In five styles and nine A PATENTEES AND BUILDERS OF STRICTLY High-Grade Machinery^ for Bookbinders, Printers, Lithographers, Paper Mills, Paper Houses, Etc. Die Presses. Duplex Trimmers. Round Corner Cutters. Signature Presses. Rotary Round Cutters. Smashing Machines. Book Compressors. Knife Grinders. Embossers In eight styles and ten ES’VSSS DAYTON, OHIO New York Chicago Berlin London Backing Machines. Bench Lever Stampers. Southern Agents : J. H. SCHROETER CBl, BRO., Atlanta, Ga. THE J. L. MORRISON CO., Toronto, Can. THE INLAND PRINTER 323 THE AULT WIBORG CO. Makers of Letterpress, Steelplate, Copperplate and Lithographic Inks Dry Colors, Varnishes, Oils and Dryers. Importers of Lithographic Stones, Supplies and Bronzes. CINCINNATI, NEW YORK, CHICAGO ST. LOUIS, TORONTO, LONDON 324 THE INLAND PRINTER THE CENTURY The Century A Successful Combination The Century combines all the good qualities of all forms of Cylinder Presses. It has greater speed, more general convenience and more assured durability than any other two-revolution press, greater impressional power, more exact register and more perfect ink distribution than the best of the older Stop-Cylinder Presses. THE CENTURY THE INLAND PRINTER 325 THE CENTURY Thus, not at one point but at all, is the Century superior to all existing presses. It exhibits this superiority in the higher quality and the greater quantity of its output. The concrete advantage of this to the printer may be summed up in the statement that the Century earns more for him than any other press on the market. Take at haphazard one point among the many wherein the Century excels, namely the superiority of its impressional power. The whole art of printing, or transferring the ink from the type surface to the paper surface, may be summed up in the word “ impression . ” Its supreme rigidity, due to the scientific construc¬ tion, the original and ingenious method whereby the wear of its cylinder journal is automatically compen¬ sated is found in no other press. Hence the last particle of ink leaves the type and clings to the paper, providing a maximum of “color” at the cost of a minimum of ink. In other words, better work at less running expense. THE CAMPBELL COMPANY HENRY A. WISE WOOD, President 1 Madison Avenue, NEW YORK 334 Dearborn Street, CHICAGO THE CENTURY 326 THE INLAND PRINTER We “GOSS STRAIGHTLINE ” No. 37 SPECIAL FOUR-DECK GOSS QUADRUPLE STRAIGHTLINE Has Combination Top Deck for printing half-tone and color newspaper supplements in addition to the regular newspaper product, from electrotype or stereotype plates. Has special ink distribution and oil offset devices. CAPACITY— 24,000 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16 or 12.000 20, 24, 28, 32 page papers per hour. One extra color can be printed on the outside pages of any product or section of collected product. Three extra colors can be printed on the outside pages of 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 page papers, and on the outside pages of each part of collected products. Three extra colors can be printed on outside pages and one extra color on inside pages of 4, 6, 8, 12, 16 page papers. PATENTED AND MANUFACTURED BY THE GOSS PRINTING PRESS CO. NEW YORK — 312 Temple Court. CHICAGO, ILL. LONDON — 90 Fleet Street. THE INLAND PRINTER 327 Metropolitan JtftJnmmme (fa. .N>tu If ark dtitir. PRINTING AND BZNI>ING DIVISION 314 Bast 23rx> Street JAS. S. MASTERMAN, Manager. March 3rd. 1904. The Goss Printing Press Co. 16 Street & Ashland Avenue. Chicago. Ill. Gentlemen:- Your Mr Fred, L. Goss called me up on the telephone a few days ago to enquire how our Press was working, and when I told him that we had run off 152.000 copies of our little paper, the "Metropolitan," the prev¬ ious day, without working any over-time, he nearly had a fit and asked if I would he willing to put it in writing. Before I have had time to do so we have dis¬ tanced the record, and I have no doubt you will he very much interested to know that yesterday our Press turned out 166.000 complete copies of the "Metropolitan" con¬ sisting of twelve pages (eight pages and cover), all folded and pasted ready to send out; printing the cover In four colors on heavy S & S C hook and the inside eight pages on M F hook paper - the entire run being a very creditable job of printing. I trust the foregoing will he as Interesting to you as the fact that I am herewith handing you a check in full for your hill as rendered. I wish also to take this opportunity to con¬ gratulate you upon your success in building and instal¬ ling this Press, and to thank you for the very prompt and able manner in which you have so successfully over¬ come such obstacles as necessarily arise in building and setting in operation the wonderful machine this Is proving itself to be. Ver^tvuly yours. Manager printing Department. 328 THE INLAND PRINTER <®l& fpampsfjtiT lionti MAY i, 1904 THE SELLING AGENTS In the United States FOR PAPER fc? ENVELOPES IN THE EAST NEW YORK . Paul E. Vernon PHILADELPHIA . . . . I. N. Megargee & Co. BOSTON . A. Storrs & Bement Co. BUFFALO . The Courier Co. CINCINNATI . . Cincinnati Cordage & Paper Co. CLEVELAND . . . Union Paper & Twine Co. COLUMBUS . . . The Central Ohio Paper Co. DETROIT . Detroit Paper Co. HARRISBURG . Johnston & Co. PITTSBURG . . . W. W. McBride Paper Co. READING . M. J. Earl ROCHESTER . Ailing & Cory SCRANTON . Megargee Bros. SYRACUSE . J. & F. B. Garrett TROY . Troy Paper Co. IN THE BALTIMORE . McDonald & Fisher WASHINGTON . . R. P. Andrews & Co., Inc. RICHMOND . . . Richmond Paper Mfg. Co. LOUISVILLE . Louisville Paper Co. IN THE WEST CHICAGO . Bradner Smith & Co. ST. LOUIS . Graham Paper Co. DENVER . Carter, Rice & Co. DES MOINES . . . Western Newspaper Union DULUTH . Zenith Paper Co. INDIANAPOLIS .... Crescent Paper Co. KANSAS CITY . . . Kansas City Paper House MILWAUKEE . Standard Paper Co. MINNEAPOLIS . . . John Leslie Paper Co. OMAHA . Western Paper Co. ST. PAUL . F. G. Leslie Co. SALT LAKE . . Western Newspaper Union SOUTH NEW ORLEANS .... E. C. Palmer & Co. ATLANTA . The S. P. Richards Co. DALLAS . A. G. Elliot Paper Co. ON THE PACIFIC COAST SAN FRANCISCO . . Blake, Moffitt & Towne PORTLAND . Blake-McFall Co. LOS ANGELES . . . Blake, Moffitt & Towne SEATTLE . American Paper Co. THE MAKERS OF THE ENVELOPES i^anips'ljirc 2$onfcl Envelopes, their quality guaranteed by us, are made, for the trade only, by the United States Envelope Co. at the following divisions : Logan, Swift & Brigham Envelope Co., Division WORCESTER, MASS. Plimpton Manufacturing Co., Division HARTFORD, CONN. National Envelope Co., Division MILWAUKEE, WIS. dMi) Uamp^fjire 23oiltl Envelopes made after May 1st, 1904, will be put up in a Bremen Blue box, with a label bearing the two seals shown below. “ The two seals a double guarantee ” HAMPSHIRE PAPER CO., Makers of IbampBljire 3SonU, South Hadley Falls, Mass. SEE OUR EXHIBIT AT THE ST. LOUIS EXPOSITION r- \ 15he Monotype “ Example is always more efficacious than precept — DOCTOR JOHNSON. E EXAMPLE set by a publisher and printer such as Mr. Albert Brandt, with world¬ wide reputation as a producer of artistically printed books, should be especially efficacious. Mr. Brandt can speak of the Monotype from more than one point-of-view. Not only as printer, but as publisher ; not only as publisher, but as a working operator. It took him just half an hour, thanks to its scientific simplicity, to master the Monotype key-board ; it took him not much longer after he had become the owner of that leading review “The Arena,” to determine that it should be composed by the Monotype. Here is example and precept as well. Had w e n Swain Mfg. Co. SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA Wood NatHan Co. W. P. Gunthorp, Jr. SOLE SELLING AGENT Chicago Representative 334 DEARBORN STREET, CHICAGO One Madison Ave., New YorK MONOTYPED BY ALBERT BRANDT: PUBLISHER, TRENTON, N. J. & BOSTON, MASS, 436 BOOKS OF THE DAY. axe and gun, and the summary disposal of certain wonder stories found in biographies whose authors possessed a penchant for romancing. In the last two chapters Mr. Hough makes many thoughtful and suggestive observations which are as timely as they are disquieting. We are glad to see that many of the more virile young writers are coming to appreciate the fact that we are in the midst of a porten¬ tous crisis which tends to, utterly destroy the old republic and in its place establish an intolerable despotism of class-rulership, which though it may be unlike in form, will be similar in spirit to those that have blighted and blasted other nations in all periods. That our author realizes this fact may be gathered from the following lines: “ So much for the accomplishments of the Age of Transportation. It has already shown us the meaning of monopoly and has shown us the abolishment of the individual. It has taught us, or some of us, to believe that the establishment of an expensive university may serve as emendative of an unpopular personal career. It has taught us, or some of us, obsequiously to worship that form of wealth that soothes its conscience by the building of public libraries. Whether or not learning best grows and flourishes that has such foundation- heads, library and university alike must to-day admit their impo¬ tence to answer the cry of the leader,4 Give me back my Americans ! ’ “The America of to-day is an America utterly and absolutely changed from the principles whereon our original America was founded, and wherefrom it grew and flourished. Never was there any corner of Europe, before the days of those revolutions that put down kings, worse than some parts of oppressed America to-day. It is not too late for revolution in America. There is not justice in the belief that America can to-day be called the land of the free. The individual is no more. He perished somewhere on those heights we have seen him laboriously ascending, somewhere on those long rivers we have seen him tracing. He died in the day of Across the Waters.” We have become par excellence the people of castes and grades and classes. The whole theory of America was that here there was hope for the individual ; that here he might grow, might prevail. It is degradation to abandon that theory. This page is printed from actual type set for the April issue of The Arena MONOTYPED BY ALBERT BRANDT: PUBLISHER, TRENTON, N. J. & BOSTON, MASS. BOOKS OF THE DAY. 433 life is keyed to ; or it seeks the exciting fiction which defies all ele¬ ments of probability and is feverish in spirit and character; for such works are mental and moral anaesthetics. They deaden the call of conscience, defer the hour when the soul must confront the great sphinx of life, and minister to mental inertia by affording emotional excitement without the effort of thought. But the elegy appeals to the normal mind in tune with life’s deeper problems ; and the deeper the feeling and the more vivid the poetic imagination, the keener will be the delight afforded by this stately form of verse. The first one hundred pages of this extremely valuable volume of Miss Lloyd’s is devoted to a most comprehensive and discrimina¬ ting study of the history of elegiac poetry from the earliest days down to the present time. The author is not only a master of her subject, but her treatment reveals that sympathetic insight that invests literary criticism with a seductive charm as pleasing as it is rare in our haste-harassed age. The second half of the book is devoted to masterpieces of elegiac verse, from the dawn of historic times down to the first quarter of the eighteenth century. Something of the wide field from which the author has selected her verse and the rich sources from which she has drawn may be inferred from the fact that among the selec¬ tions one meets in this volume are elegies from the Rig Veda, from Homer, Sappho, Kallistratos, Sophocles, Plato, Ovid, Dante, Pet¬ rarch, Chaucer, Michaelangelo, Tasso, Philip Sidney, Edmund Spenser, Walter Raleigh, Shakespeare, Ben Jonson, Robert Her¬ rick, John Milton, and John Dryden. There are about one hund¬ red and forty of these choice selections, and with the second vol¬ ume, which is now in preparation and which will contain three hundred pages of the great elegies written since the early part of the eighteenth century, the American public will possess the only collection of elegies to be found in the literature of any people. This is a work that book-lovers and library-builders will prize, both for its content-matter and because it is so fine a specimen of the book-maker’s art. The book is fully indexed, printed on all-rag This page is printed from actual type set for the April issue of The Arena THE MONOTYPE f - - - The Arena A 'Twentieth Century Review of Opinion Trenton, N. J. S? Boston, Mass. EDITORIAL DEPARTMENT The Arena B. O. FLOWER Editor S Park Square, BOSTON, MASS. ALBERT BRANDT Publisher “The Brandt Books” TRENTON, N. J. Published monthly Subscription, gi.jo yearly Single copy, 25 cents Trenton, N. J. Apr. 19, 1904. AS MADE AND COMPOSED ON THE MONOTYPE 5 Point ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRST 5^4 Point ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQ 6 Point ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQ 7 Point ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOP 8 Point ABCDEFGHI JKLMN O 9 Point ABCDEFGHIJKLMN 10 Point ABCDEFGHIJKLM ABCDEFGHIJKL ABCDEFGHIJK AS MADE FOR THE CASE BY THE MONOTYPE 14 Point ABCDEFGHIJK 18 Point ABCDEFGHI 24 Point ABCDEFG 30 Point ABCDE 36 Point ABCD My dear Mr. Nathan: You ask me if it is true that I personally composed the greater part of the April issue of "The Arena," on the Mono¬ type, after having had one half hour's in¬ struction on the machine. It is quite true. More than that, my nephew, having had no more instruction than that gained by watching me for a few minutes at odd times, sat down before the Keyboard and composed the balance. It is also true that I never saw a Monotype machine until I sat down to operate it. I am Yours faithfully, ALBERT BRANDT. Mr. Paul Nathan, Wood & Nathan Co. , 1 Madison Avenue, New York, N. Y. J THE INLAND PRINTER 329 THE DUPLEX Flat=Bed Web=Perfecting Newspaper Press Prints 5,000 to 6,000 per Hour of either 4, 6, 8, 10 or 12 Page Papers WITHOUT STEREOTYPING A FEW CITIES IN WHICH THERE ARE NOW IN OPERATION TWO OR MORE - - DUPLEX PRESSES — PARKERSBURG, W. VA, NORRISTOWN. PA. LONDON, ONT. CHARLOTTE, N. C. ELGIN, ILL. FITCHBURG, MASS. GREENSBURG, PA. PHILADELPHIA. PA. SCHENECTADY, N. Y. LEXINGTON, KY. ANDERSON, IND. EAU CLAIRE, WIS. LIMA, OHIO LANCASTER., PA. QUEBEC, QUE. ZANESVILLE, OHIO JACKSON, MICH. ROCKFORD, ILL. VENICE, ITALY EL PASO, TEXAS MANILA, P. I. EXETER, ENGLAND PORT HURON, MICH. COLUMBUS, GA. HAMILTON, OHIO JOHNSTOWN, PA. NEW YORK, N. Y. LAWRENCE, MASS. KINGSTON. JA.. B. W. I. MOUNT VERNON, N. Y. NEWARK, OHIO FLINT, MICH. QUINCY, ILL. ROME. ITALY PORTSMOUTH, OHIO ROCKHAMPTON, AUSTRALIA POUGHKEEPSIE. N. Y. PORTSMOUTH, N. H. EAST LIVERPOOL. OHIO BATTLE CREEK. MICH. PARIS, FRANCE CHICAGO, ILL. MIDDLETOWN. N. Y. OUR CUSTOMERS WRITE OUR ADS. GET THEIR OPINIONS INSTEAD OF OURS — WE MAY BE PREJUDICED DUPLEX PRINTING PRESS CO. MICHIGAN? U.^?A. 330 THE INLAND PRINTER OES Calendar 1905 Pads Stock Certificates Bond Blanks Diploma Blanks We are the originators of these specialties for printers’ use. Our Calendar Pads are Lithographed (not printed), which insures uniformity of color and margin. We have 38 styles and sizes. Samples for 1905 now ready. Our line of blanks is recognized as the largest and most com¬ plete on the market. 100 styles Stock Certificates 4 7 “ Bond Blanks 10 “ Diplomas 4 “ Check Blanks Samples and prices on application. Lithographers, whose facilities are limited, will find it to their advantage to have us execute their large orders for color and commercial work. We run eighteen lithograph presses, sizes 17 x 22 to 44 x 64 inches (your imprint on your orders). Trade work is one of our specialties. Goes Lithographing Company Sixty=First and Clark Streets CHICAGO THE INLAND PRINTER 331 PeeblessCarbonBlack Every ink maker that tries it 9 continues to use it ; - “Inland Printer" for their letterpress ’ and half-tone work, and this Ink is made with your Peerless Black, experi¬ ence having taught us that no other Black will give so good a result in fine very ink made with it prints perfectly * ITSTjIlSS’Su u ^^with a black brilliant impression. mu^nsT^^^ a Black of exceptional merit. Yours very truly, R, - - r JAENECKE BROS, A FR.SCHNEEMAN. ead these letters trom representative ink makers . London, January 29, 1897. We have used your PEERLESS CARBON BLACK for the last thirteen _ _ years for making the fine Black Ink we 1 . _ . supply to the “ British Printer " and ■ ook at the printmq in this paper,- wi* which tha, joumai prims . . . 1 . 'J -.*• l . -| . Letterpress and Process work. I ^ the ink used was made with it. We think1 we were the first in Eng- ^B| land to use your Black, and we consider that we, in a sense “discovered" it. We have much pleasure in adding that it Ehas always been very reliable and very ink maker should use it S!esw^.^Seatest satis' f for litho and half tone inks . Yours iaithfully, MANDER BROS. S Philadelphia, August 9, 1902. ufftcient for trial SGIlt fre e 1116 suPer‘or that has character- * ized it over other Carbon Blacks. Yours very truly, CHAS. ENEU JOHNSON £& CO. Samples, prices, etc. can be _ _ _ 1 obtained from:- very ink made with it prints perfectly jwith a black brilliant impression. kead these letters from ■representative ink makers. very ink maker should use it tfor litho and halftone inks. ufftcient for trial l sent free. New York, March 3, 1898. We supply the Black Ink used by the “ Inland Printer " for their letterpress and half-tone work, and this Ink is made with your Peerless Black, experi¬ ence having taught us that no other Black will give so good a result in fine letterpress and half-tone inks. We have purchased Peerless Black for many years, and that we continue to use it is a proof that we consider it a Black of exceptional merit. Yours very truly, JAENECKE BROS, A FR.SCHNEEMAN. London, January 29, 1897. We have used your PEERLESS CARBON BLACK for the last thirteen years for making the fine Black Ink we supply to the “ British Printer " and with which that Journal prints its. fine Letterpress and Process work. We think1 we were the first in Eng¬ land to use your Black, and we consider that we, in a sense “discovered" it. We have much pleasure in adding that it has always been very reliable and continues to give us the greatest satis¬ faction. We are. dear sirs, Philadelphia, August 9, 1902. Referring to yours of the 6th, we find the Peerless Black fully maintaining the superior quality that has character¬ ized it over other Carbon Blacks. Yours very truly, CHAS. ENEU JOHNSON CO. amples, prices, etc. can be i obtained from*.— <^rbon(J)^lack> Cl/ARAHnTs^^CQH VtMT^QUALirr Made by The Peerless Carbon Black Co., Pittsburg , Pa . Sole Agents: Binnet fit Smith Co. NEWYORK LONDON PARIS HAMBURG 81-83 FULTON ST. 63 FARRI NGDON ST. 1 5 RU E ELZEVI R . 55-57 NEUERWALL. 332 THE INLAND PRINTER THE HEAVIEST, SIMPLEST, MOST COMPACT AND HANDSOMEST TWO-REVOLUTION. COMPARE THIS ILLUSTRATION WITH THAT OF ANY OTHER. THE BABCOCK PRINTING PRESS MANUFACTURING CO., NEW LONDON, CONNECTICUT New York Office, 38 Park Row. John Haddon & Co., Agents, London. Miller & Richard, Canadian Agents, Toronto, Ontario BARNHART BROS. & SPINDLER, WESTERN AGENTS, 183-187 MONROE STREET, CHICAGO Great Western Type Foundry, Kansas City ; Great Western Tvpe Foundry, Omaha ; Minnesota Type Foundry Co., St. Paul ; St. Louis Printers Supply Co., St. Louis : Southern Printers Supply Co., Washington ; The Texas Printers Supply Co., Dallas ; E. C. Palmer & Co., Ltd., New Orleans ; Fundicion Mexicana de Tipos, City of Mexico. On the Pacific Coast— The Southwest Printers Supply, Los Angeles; Pacific Printers Supply House, Seattle; Pacific States Type Foundry, San Francisco. THE OPTIMUS THE OPTIMUS If you have Hard Work, Heavy Work, Difficult Work, any sort of work that your other presses cannot do as it should be done, we pledge the Optimus to do it to suit you in every way. No one has exhausted its capabilities. THE OPTIMUS THE INLAND PRINTER 333 THE, CRAWLEY BOOK MACHINERY CO. (Inc.) NEWPORT, KY. LATEST MODEL OF THE CRAWLEY ROUNDER AND BACKER Showing Reversing Attachment, patented April 14, 1903. WOULD SECURING ANY OF THE FOLLOWING ADVANTAGES BE OF IMPORTANCE TO YOU IN YOUR ROUNDING AND BACKING DEPARTMENT? 1. Uniformity of product. 4. An average saving of 40 per cent. 2. Economy of space. 5. Ability to do a “flat back” book well, or a book 3. Ability to handle rush orders. for flexible cover, rounded but not backed. We can do all this, handling anything from a pocket prayer-book to a city directory. Most of the edition binders use them and have found them indispensable. Better write us, right away. 334 THE INLAND PRINTER THE LATEST Quadruple 16 Book Folder Double Thirty-two All folds are at right angles. All “buckling” is relieved. MADE BY BROWN FOLDING MACHINE CO. ERIE, PA. = AGENCIES = NEW YORK-H. L. Egbert & Co., 23 New Chambers Street. LONDON— W. C. Horne & Sons, 5 Torren Street, City Road. CHICAGO — Champlin & Smith, 304 Dearborn Street. THE INLAND PRINTER 335 Sheridan’s Perfection This style built in size 34 inches only. Write for particulars, price and terms. Selling Agents for Martini and National Book Sewing Machines. WRITE FOR CIRCULARS AND DESCRIPTIVE MATTER. T. W. & C. B. SHERIDAN CO. NEW YORK 56 Duane Street CHICAGO 413 Dearborn Street LONDON 46 Farringdon Street 336 THE INLAND PRINTER Hp4 RRLy^> ^ — r\ V ~~~ — m momT\e PREi/y COMPANY5 Unless you are clever in the use of up-to- date appliances you can ’t win. The Jap and the Russian may fight for a few years. They have fought long enough now to show that the man who is handy with modern appliances has the other fellow at an awful disadvantage. The war of trade competition is always on. It is raging hotly in the printing trade to-day. The man who has a Harris Automatic Press has no trouble whatever in sinking the business battleship of the fellow who hasn’t. When your competitor is hustling out his jobs at from five to ten thousand impressions per hour, where are you with your puny one to two thousand? R E M E M B E R— Always Automatic, always handling separate cut sheets and pieces, never printing from the web, always guaranteed to do good work at five thousand or more per hour — The Incomparable HARRIS. For full particulars regarding the above machine and other presses we build, address, THE HARRIS AUTOMATIC PRESS CO. CHICAGO— Old Colony Building NILES, OHIO NEW YORK— 26 Cortlandt Street For machines in countries other than the United States and Canada, address the Anglo-American Inventions Syndicate, Ltd., 19 Cursitor Street, Chancery Lane, London, E. C., England. C. $6.25 L. C. §4.25 The Powell Series 6-Pt. 20 A -10 a, $2.00 C.$0.90 L. C. $1.10 THE MOST IMPORTANT FACTORS IN THE STYLES OF TYPE ARE THE Characteristic features that they possess. A ent strength to make it useful for all of job printing. Advertisements stand tar and distinct, costing $123,456,789 8-Pt. 18 A 36 a, $2.25 C. $1.00 L. C. $1.25 OUR LATEST PRODUCTIONS THE “POWELL" TYPE SERIES Made in thirteen well graded sizes is a decided addition to the up-to- date printery. Each size having that distinctive feature of attractiveness that governs the entire series. 985 10-Pt. 16 A 32 a, $2.50 C. $1.10 L. C. $1.40 HARD AND DURABLE METAL USED IN THE Manufacture of all our type, insuring printers the very best value for their money. Our Nickel-Alloy Metal NEAT TYPE FACES Whether light or heavy used judiciously are sure to attract the attention of the public 1,5 73.29 The SERVICES OF Our salesmen are at your disposal, should you desire anything in our line 905,182 LEADS, SLUGS and Brass Rules made of the best materials 280,37 The following Auxiliaries ( The and of dl e) 24-Point. 5 A 10 a, $3.50 UNIVERSAL LINE Saves Time and Money 10-Point. 4 A 8 a, §4.25 NICKEL- ALLOY Leading Type Metal 36-Point. 3 A 6 J. §2.65 L. C. $2.60 NEW SERIES That will Attract C. $3.40 L. C. $3.35 YOUR Profit 48-Point. 3 A 5 a, $7.75 C. $4.40 L. C. $3.35 Silver MINE 72-Point. 3 A 4 a, $13.50 C. $8.00 L. C. $5.50 MORE Practical The Keystone Type Foundry Main Office and Foundry: PHILADELPHIA NEW YORK BOSTON CHICAGO RICHMOND ATLANTA THE INLAND PRINTER 337 This remarkable product of the Chambers Brothers’ works has won-favorable commendation from many representative men in the publishing and printing trades. Among them we have the honor of mentioning: Mr. John B. Williams The Curtis Publishing Co. Philadelphia, Pa. Mr. F. D. Harmon The Burr Printing House New York Mr. D. Z. Howell ) .... The National Publishing Co. } ^ 1 ac*e p Ia’ a* Mr. C. R. Graham ) .... „ Historical Publishing Co. } Philadelphia, Pa. Mr. George F. Lasher . . . Philadelphia, Pa. Mr. J. Horace McFarland . . Harrisburg, Pa. Mr. Joseph P. Knapp \ American Lithographic Co. J New York Mr. C. M. Smith Methodist Book Concern New York Mr. Chas. Schweinler \ The Chas. Schweinler Press I New York Mr. S. A. Everett Doubleday, Page & Co. New York Mr. David Strothers Walker Cosmopolitan Pub. Co. Irvington, N. Y. Mr. W. H. Christie Methodist Book Concern j Cincinnati, Ohio Mr. P. R. Hilton The Henry O. Shepard Co. Chicago, III. Messrs. Egbert, Fidlor & Chambers, Davenport, Iowa We are always pleased to receive enquiries and give specific information about our products. CHAMBERS BROTHERS COMPANY ~~7T Folding and Feeding Machines TT™ ■■ (J PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA ^ 3-2 338 THE INLAND PRINTER Cleveland , Metropole , Caravel , Lisbon Ivory Wove , Lisbon Superfine , Lisbon Bond , Lisbon Extra Strong , Lisbon Ledger are some of our watermarks. Caravel Lisbon Ledger Lisbon Superfine Lisbon Extra Strong Lisbon Bond Offered in case lots. A medium grade of engine sized paper of excellent value. An account book paper of excellent value and moderate price. Superfine in every sense. Have the unusual qualities of high value and low price. Send for samples. WE ARE THE EXPORT AGENTS FOR American Writing Paper Co. Geo. W. Wheelwright Paper Co. The Duncan Company Imperial Paper Mills of Canada, Ltd. AND OTHERS PARSONS BROTHERS, PAPER MERCHANTS AND EXPORTERS 257 Broadway, NEW YORK CITY -CABLE ADDRESS: “PARSOBROS,” NEW YORK— Improved Keystone Cutter 34- -Inch Special No need to tell you about the material and workmanship of these machines. They can't be beat ! The price is low and what is wanted in any well-equipped plant. ^ ° ^ CUTS RAPIDLY AND ACCURATELY AND NOISELESS IN OPERATION THE STANDARD MACHINERY! COMP’Y — - - Main Office and Works - MYSTIC, CONNECTICUT THE INLAND PRINTER 339 AMERICAN IDEAS AMERICA IS NOT LARGE ENOUGH TO HOLD AMERICAN PRINTING INVENTIONS These find a ready sale on the British market, which presents a field as remunerative as it is world-wide. Walker Bros, have absolutely unrivaled facilities for placing well-tested inventions on the British s market, and are open to take up sole agencies for approved lines. e Fuchs CSh Lang 29 Warren Street 328 Dearborn Street 150 N. Fourth Street 6 Bouverie Street Factory NEW YORK CHICAGO PHILADELPHIA LONDON, ENG. BROOKLYN Mfg. Co. Machine Works Foundry RUTHERFORD, N.J. RUTHERFORD, N.J. (^MACHINERY AND SUPPLIES - for - LITHOGRAPHERS AND PRINTERS Owners of EMMERICH C& VONDERLEHRo ^MACHINERY BRONZING MACHINES Century Model Other sizes and styles from 14 x 25 to 44 x 64. Adopted as a standard by American, Australian, Cuban, English, German ©■Japanese Lithographers ©Printers. PATENTED POINTS OF ADVANTAGE — Large Cylinder (26 inches diameter); Vibrating Pad Frame; Vibrating Dusting Rolls; no shelves for bronze to settle upon; a Worm Conveyor carries waste bronze out of machine. The finest Bronzing Machine ever constructed. No. Size of Inches. Floor Space Over All. Floor Space. Feed and Delivery Boards Off. Required. Speed. ShHourPer Net Weight. Weight. 6 7 8 10 30x44 36x54 44x64 64x64 5 ft. 0 5 ft. 6 6 ft. 2 7 ft. 10 n. x 11 ft. 0 in. n.x 12 ft. 6 in. n. x 14 ft. 6 in. n.x 14 ft. 6 in. 5 ft. 0 5 ft. 6 Oft. 2 7 ft. 10 n.x 3 ft. 3 in. n.x 3 ft. 3 in. n. x 3 ft. 3 in. n.x 3 ft. 3 in. 1 H. P. 1 H. P. 14 H. P. 2 H. P. 1,200 1,200 1,200 1,200 2,150 2,350 2,600 3,400 2,350 2,600 2,900 3,800 WE WARN THE TRADE AGAINST INFRINGEMENTS Bronzing Machines Dusting Machines Tin Bronzing Machines Magnesiaing Machines Bronze Sifting Machines Litho. Tin Presses Tin Cleaning Machines Litho. Hand Presses Coating and Varnishing Machines for Metal Stone Planers Stone Grinders Ink Mills Color Mixers Ruling Machines Reducing Machines Embossing Machines Calendering Machines Engraved Steel Rolls Paper Rolls THE INLAND PRINTER 343 FULLER AUTOMATIC FEEDERS NEW MODEL ForPrinting Presses, Folding Machines , Ruling Machines, etc. Accurately feeds all kinds of paper, light or heavy. Can be attached to any make or style of Printing Press working flat sheets. Adapted to all classes of letterpress, lithographic or color work. WE GUARANTEE AN INCREASE IN PRODUCTION OF TEN TO TWENTY -FIVE PER CENT OVER HAND FEEDING, PERFECT REGISTER AND SAVING IN WASTAGE OF STOCK. — . jz Thousands in successful operation. . CHICAGO E. C. FULLER COMPANY NEW YORK 344 THE INLAND PRINTER Bookbinders and Printers Monitor No. 1 Wire Stitcher Who contemplate a visit to the World’s Fair at St. Louis this summer, we respectfully call your attention to the following list of prominent Bookbinders and Printers in St. Louis who are using LATHAMS MONITOR MACHINERY Most of those represented in this list will have their institutions open to visitors of the craft, and the many Latham Monitor Machines can be seen in practical operation. Monitor Multiplex Punch WOODWARD & TIERNAN PRINTING CO.-Five Monitor Wire Stitcher? and Monitor Power Numbering Machine. SK!ln^ZitoMuuJxDpunSIATI0NERY C0'-Three Monitor Wire Stitchers GOlToUWStaPnda^Tpler?fora£iOTr S'TrXrSpow AKeArmgEMaCchirePANY “ ^ M°nit°r “d LATHAM MACHINERY CO. INLAND TYPE FOUNDRY NEW YORK STORE 8 Reade Street m«"> omcc^and 195_201 S. Canal Street, CHICAGO, ILL. What are You Buying? Are you close- fisted? We hope not ! A man who is close-fisted is usually too mean for his own good. But some men get called close - fisted who are not in the least mean. They are simply careful. For instance! Many good print¬ ers are beginning to think they are paying too much for their regular half-tone black. If you buy ink at one dollar when 40c. ink will do the work we do not say you get cheated; you pay for more beside the ink. This page is printed with 40c. cut; look at it carefully, compare it with some of the best, see if it is good enough for you. It is true our printing is fine, but it is only a fair sample of the ink when rightly used. F. E. OKIE COMPANY Kenton Place Philadelphia, Pa., U. S. A. PRINTED ON IRWIN N. MEGARGEE & CO.'S “SNOW-WHITE ENAMEL” THE INLAND PRINTER 345 346 THE INLAND PRINTER Built in 34 inch , 38 inch , 42 inch , 46 inch & 30 inch . The Child Acme Cutter & Press Co. 3j.35.37 Kemble Street, BOSTON, MASS. 41 Park Row, - - NEW YORK, N. Y. St. Louis Printers’ Supply Co., 211 N. Third St., St. Louis Miller & Richard, - - 7 Jordan St., Toronto, Canada G. E. Sanborn & Co., - -- -- -- -- Chicago Alling & Corey, - 225 Washington St., Buffalo, N. Y. A. Lawrence Smith, - 66 1 Rose Bldg., Cleveland, Ohio Hadwen-Swain Mfg.Co., 2.15-217 Spear St., San Francisco, Cal. Geo. C. James & Co., . Cincinnati, Ohio SELF, HAND and FOOT CLAMP In Combination Inside Gear, Flush Box Frames, Crank Motion, Cut Gears and Steel Shafts C2> THE history of great inventions and improvements in printing machinery is simply the record of the demand for them. With the rapid growth of publica¬ tions of all kinds and enormous circulations there has always come the improved printing machinery to make it possible to handle the output easily and economically. The C. B. Cottrell & Sons Co. have aided the printer and held his confidence in these matters for nearly fifty years — IFHAT A SPLENDID RECORD.- Dur¬ ing all this time thousands of Cottrell Presses shipped all over the World, have met every demand for increased production and superior press-work — FIFTY YEARS of press building -FIFTY YEARS of wisely watching what printers wanted and needed— FIFTY TEARS of inventive experience and skill have trained and qualified us as the leading Printing Press Manufac¬ turers in the World today. C. B. COTTRELL & SONS CO. NEW YORK N. Y. WESTERLY R. I. U. S. A. CHICAGO ILL. 348 THE INLAND PRINTER tJThe happy coincidence of the initials in the accompanying design perhaps was accidental, but we have made good the sentiment by hard and con¬ scientious effort. =9 4 QThe cut shows how the special clamp face for Oswego and Brown & Carver Cutters, 34 inches and larger, permits embossed and other work to be cut without being indented by the fingers of the clamp. 4 “ 10 “ 19 X ioi^ “ “ 10 “ 19 X 8# “ “ 10 “ 19 X 7% “ “ 10 “ 19 x (>yi “ 10 “ 19 X 5 % “ “ 10 “ 19 X 4 % “ “ The sides of all drawers are slotted at intervals of one inch, to receive partition strips. Four division strips are put into each drawer, thus each drawer can be divided into five com¬ partments about 3 inches deep. Bronze finished label-holder pulls are attached to each drawer front. Cab¬ inet made of ash, antique oak finish. Outside dimensions : height, 52^ inches ; depth, 25 inches ; width, 48 inches ; weight, crated for ship¬ ment, 6150 pounds. Price, $120 SPECIMEN CABINET No. 3 LESS USUAL DISCOUNT Cf Our goods are carried in stock and are for sale by every first-class supply house in the United States, Canada, Great Britain, Australia, South Africa, South America and Mexico. Ask for HAMILTON Goods. See that you get them. Look for our stamp. Send for Complete Catalogues. WE GIVE AWAY A VALUABLE LINE GAUGE TO ALL PRINTERS WHO WILL ASK FOR IT 'T'T. _ T T Ilf- .11 IX/T-frr C* r\ Main office and Factory; • • • TWO RIVERS, wis. X I1C raamilLON Eastern Office and Warehouse : MIDDLETOWN, N. Y. 350 THE INLAND PRINTER Ti)t Cross .31 uto matte JJaper retrers SOME DISTINCTIVE FEATURES OF CROSS FEEDERS—TWO DISTINCT TYPES PILE STYLE FEEDER — This feeder carries a load of about five feet of paper. CONTINUOUS STYLE — This machine takes up no floor space; is loaded while press is running, no time lost in reloading, thereby resulting in a continuous run equal to capacity of press ; no adjustments for weight or quality of paper. AMERICAN PAPER FEEDER COMPANY, Office, 185 Summer Street, BOSTON ACME, Wire Staple BINDERS “ The Best Automatic IFire- Stapling Devices on the market. ” Operated by hand or foot power. Equipped with Automatic Clinching and Anti-clogging Devices. Full information promptly furnished on application. ACME STAPLE CO. Hi 500 N. 12th St.. PHILADELPHIA ACME BINDER No. 6 Patented in Europe and United States THE INLAND PRINTER 351 The Most Economical Manufactured by TEe CHALLENGE- machinery CO., Grand Haven, Michigan SALESROOM AND WAREHOUSE : 127-129 Market St., CHICAGO The only lever cutter that can rightly claim the distinction of being the “most economical” is the ADVANCE Lever Cutter — and besides it does the work to the satisfaction of the most particular. The ADVANCE has many valuable improvements found only on cutters of our manufacture. A new feature is the “easily squared” back gauge which enables you to always keep the back gauge square with the knife. Other valuable improvements are described in our illustrated circular. Send for it. June Bulletin of Stitcher Fads The cutter is an important working part of a wire stitching machine, and the one most frequently replaced. Like all of its working parts, the "Boston "cutter is new in principle, being made of a single piece of specially pre- I pared steel, working in plain sight and always ready. No adjustment is necessary in changing cutters, as in all other machines ; therefore the possibility of costly accidents is obviated. The cutter on a Boston Wire Stitching Machine can be replaced in one minute. Remember 1 . Setting the thickness of work 5 . The spool is retarded by grav- automatically adjusts all parts ity — no springs, bolts, clasps, of the machine. or screws. 2. Only one wrench is required, 6. The feed grip is circular, has which fits all removable bolts. many contacts, and changes 3. Wire clips are part of the ma- position automatically, chine, at left of the face plate. 7. The electric motor equipment 4. Wire passes through felt-lined is the most compact ever put tube after leaving spool. on a wire stitcher. For full particulars and net prices write to nearest house or agency. In stock at all houses of General Selling Agent, American Type Founders Co. 352 THE INLAND PRINTER Colortype Plates of Perfect Printing Quality ARE NOW MANUFACTURED BY US ON SHORT NOTICE BY OUR NEW DIRECT PROCESS The superior quality of our plates is due to the fact that their color values are produced by perfected photo-mechanical methods and not by excessive etching or burnishing which the old method requires, and which is bound to lose detail and destroy the printing quality. Our new direct methods are equally desirable for two, three and four color plates. Half-tone plates furnished by direct process from color subjects. Estimates and samples will be furnished on application. THE ZEESE- WILKINSON CO., 213-217 E. Twenty-fourth St., NEW YORK d JAPAN PAPER CO. Importers of High - Grade PAPERS f 36 E. Twenty-first St., New York We no longer confine our trade exclusively to products of Japan, but offer as well a large assortment of HAND-MADE PAPERS for fine book and printing work. A1 4s SAMPLES WILL BE SENT ON REQUEST TO THOSE STATING THEIR REQUIREMENTS Cover and Book Papers JAMES WHITE CO. PAPER. DEALERS 210 Monroe Street* CHICAGO, ILL. IF YOU HAVE A SPECIALTY INVESTIGATE THE COY FLAT- BED ROTARY. IT HAS REMARKABLE FACILITIES FOR NUMBER WORK. It is equally remarkable as a fast and long run jobber. It perforates and slits. THE COY PRINTING PRESS CO., 107 S. Sangamon Street, CHICAGO BIERSTADT LAKE, COLORADO THE LEADING TRADE JOURNAL OF THE WORLD IN THE PRINTING AND ALLIED INDUSTRIES. Vol. xxxiii. No. 3. CHICAGO, JUNE, 1904. A CHRONICLE FOR PRINTERS. out hope withal that they would succor them in dis¬ tress, saying, Give us your orders. And it came to pass that there were many printers who listened to the voices of them that offered help, and one said unto himself, This is my chance ; for many years have I longed to have an office, and give my work even unto another to do, and to charge my customers therefor that which seemeth right in my sight, so now will I get a-room up an alley and put out a sign, and perchance many may be moved with com¬ passion and say, “ Here is one who hath been singed in the great fire — him will I give my work.” And I shall wax rich in this world’s goods. Selah. Now on the morning of the fourth day he opened his shutters, and from the dawn even unto the setting of the sun took many orders. Yet was he cheerful withal, and even hummed a gladsome song. For was not his office burned even unto the ground, and was not his insurance in good companies ? And he called unto his man servant, him who had erstwhile fed the Gordon press, saying, Come hither in great haste. Go unto the man that maketh cuts, and tell him I crave a cut in the likeness of an Phoenix, that it may be run in red ink, for have I not arisen from the fire? It thou shalt take to him who will hereafter do my bidding, yea, him who was beforetimes mine enemy — him that printeth, yea, him that smeareth his hands with ink. Go to him who hath the large iron harp above his door wherein is wrought in letters of iron “ At ye Sign of ye Lyre,” and bid him print for me the cut of the Phoenix on labels with my name and address. Bid him make great haste, for do I not want it right away ? And it was so. , Now the man servant went unto him who made cuts, and bade him make a cut in the likeness of an Phoenix. And the man who made cuts lifted up his hands, and said, It seemeth unto me that the Phoenix season is upon us, for is not this the eleventh to-day! For the space of six days the printer whose place 3-3 ' OW, behold, there came a great fire, the smoke whereof by day dark¬ ened the sky like a mighty cloud, and the flames thereof by night turned the heavens into noonday, and devastation was on every side. Now, there were of printers — men who are skilful in the making of books — three score and ten whose houses were utterly consumed and all that was within them con¬ tained — type, presses, inks, paper, notices of drafts ; yea, they were all consumed as in a fiery furnace, so that no man of them had wherewith to do any work. And one printer said unto another, Lo, is not this the first day that I have had off since the day on which I took unto myself a wife? And the other said like¬ wise, This is the first day that I have not labored since the sheriff came up with me in the spring of ’93. And it was so. And another printer said unto his neighbor, Verily, fire insurance is a good thing. When the smoke clear- eth away, perchance I will buy me an automobile and an third interest in a patent medicine business, for it is not well that a man should labor until the undertaker is . summoned. And yet another saith, Woe is me, only last week I passed up my premium on my fire insurance that my wife might have a new bonnet for her head ; now what manner of man can print sale bills upon a spring bonnet! Howbeit, there were yet some printers who were not touched by the fire, and they were filled with com¬ passion for their brethren, and they cried unto them saying, Verily we are rushed to death, yet will we be to you as your other factory up the street, and your work shall be our work, and we will even put your imprint on the sheets — yea, on all the sheets. Come early and avoid the rush. And it was even so. And there were other printers who sent from a great distance men who should condole, yet could hold 354 THE INLAND PRINTER had been consumed sent his work unto him whom the flames had not touched, but when the work was deliv¬ ered unto him, there came no bill with it. Whereupon did the printer call up him who did his work, saying, Render to me a bill for what thou hast done, and the other printer replied unto him, Lo, night and day I labor, I and all my servants; fear not, I will render unto thee a bill in due season, even when she that doth dally with my ledger seeth daylight after this rush. And it was so. Then did the printer that suffered by the mighty fire fall to and set prices upon all the work that had been done. And he again waxed cheerful, for that all the work was given unto him without price, and what manner of man doth not greatly rejoice when he hath the confidence of them that deal with him. And he charged for the work that which seemed right in his sight, saying, It hath been truly said that we have not such fires as this every day, also, the man who doth my work, the same is a careful man, and he will charge me what is right. Every man that buyeth hath coming unto him an accounting, and he that considereth it not the same is lacking in wisdom. On the morning of the ninth day, one bearing a bill came unto the man whose establishment had been con¬ sumed in the great fire. Now this bill was of great length, and when he whose name was writ upon it did consider it he did straightway fall in a grievous fit, and when he was able to arise he went unto the man who had done his bidding. And he set up a loud complaint, and made moan that he had been overcharged, even skinned. Now, the printer looked upon him with reproach and answered him in much sadness, saying : For nine days have I done thy work. That in itself was a great favor, for have not many of my own customers been unable to get next to my counter, because of the rush? Now, by the light of day have I been employed upon my own work, while at night I and all my servants have labored upon that which thou hast ordered. Verily, thou well knowest that night work is more dear than day work, nor can any man work both day and night and accomplish as much as seemeth meet. Perchance, in the daytime he resteth yet a little while, also looketh out the window for a space, and then mayhap, he telleth the man at the next case all of the sayings of wisdom that his man child hath uttered in the last six days. Now, doth not he that soldiereth also expect recompense, and do I not pay him with my own good simoleons? And is not thy work the cause of it? Therefore should I not charge thee even more? And the singed printer knew in his heart that it was so, and he was confounded, so that his tongue clave to the roof of his mouth, and in sorrow he departed from that place. Now, when he had returned to his office, he fell to an accounting, and when it was accomplished, he knew that he had lost eleven and one-third simoleons in the space of nine days, howbeit those who had given him work to do considered themselves to be as philan¬ thropists, for were not they setting him upon his feet? Then did he straightway take an ax and smite the sign that was above his door; and the cut of the Phoenix — it did he cast within the stove and he dared it to so much as raise its head. Then in a moment of gladness did he- remember that one in authority had once offered him service as one that selleth printers’ supplies. And he went forth, and did secure the work that was offered, and hath he not prospered, even to this day? Written for The Inland Printer. THE EFFECTS OF THE WEATHER ON PRINTING. ATTENTION has frequently been called to the l\ subject of even temperature in the pressroom. The effect of change in the weather has spoiled many otherwise good jobs of printing, and the real’ cause is not always known. Frequently a feeder is held respon¬ sible for the register when the feeding is perfect, but the weather has made trouble by shrinking or expanding the sheets during the process of printing. This is apt to occur when the sheets are allowed to lay in a pile for a day or two and exposed to heat or damp¬ ness. The exposed edges and top sheets being affected more than the protected parts, gives the work the appearance of bad feeding on account of the variation thus caused. Recently we had to do a piece of work which con¬ sisted of a sheet for use as an insert for a catalogue upon which ten badges were printed in colors and embossed. It was specified that the plates were to be furnished, perfectly registered upon large blocks, ten designs on one plate, and each color complete upon a single block. This precaution was taken to guard against that uncertain item of expense in all compli¬ cated colorwork - — the making of register of one form upon the other. The engraver accepted the order for plates with this understanding. The artist made ten separate wash-drawings of various sizes which did not reduce in the same propor¬ tion. The engraver made from these ten half-tone plates of correct size and mounted them all together on a large wooden block. Transfers were made from the half-tones and the color-plates were cut by hand. By the time these were ready, the half-tone block had' shrunken about three-thirty-seconds of an inch, and they were a failure. Without looking carefully for the true cause, the engraver jumped at conclusions. He said that the transfers had expanded in the process and that had made the trouble. A new set of plates were made with but slightly better results, and on account of the great delay which had been caused by the error, the customer accepted the plates as they were and asked’ that we do the best we could with them and get quick results. THE INLAND PRINTER 355 Our troubles then began. We made proofs of the plates in colors and they were approved. We ran all the colors in rapid succession — gold, red, blue and black — starting each form as soon as the preceding one was well under way. The work was soon rushed to a finish except the embossing. The die for the embossing had not been tried until then and it proved to be unsatisfactory, and many of the minor defects which the engraver said would not be noticed after the embossing was done now showed up more conspicu¬ ously than ever. The embossing die was returned to the engraver and considerable handwork was done upon it, so that it was not returned for several days. On Saturday the embossing die came. After the few minutes later he brought a sheet for me to pass. “ Did you have any trouble with the register? ” I asked. “ Not a bit,” he replied, “ everything was fine and dandy.” Nothing was said about the water on the floor ; it had all dried up. This illustration of the effect of humidity on regis¬ ter is a very striking one, but there are others just as impressive. A case in another office was something like this : A feeder who had made quite a good reputation for accuracy was required to feed a hair-line register job which was started on Friday afternoon and lasted over until Monday morning. The work was spread upon racks and allowed to lay until jogged. During this counter die was made it was discovered that the sheets would not register within an eighth of an inch. A compass was gotten and the plates measured and com¬ pared by that method and found correct in all respects. It was recalled that at the time we did the printing of the colors it had been raining for several days and now it was just the reverse — a bright sunshiny day. It was bitter to think that at last we would be compelled to cut apart cand register the plates separately for the embossing. After a few minutes’ hard study a happy thought came to me. Taking the fire buckets down, the contents and several bucketsful besides were poured on the floor. Monday morning came. The pressman, seeing the form on the press and apparently ready to run, pro¬ ceeded to set the guides and perfect the register. A time the weather changed from fair to cold and rainy, and then cleared up again. The room was heated by steam and ventilated by open windows. On the second run the trouble became apparent, and the feeder was called to account for his careless feeding, and he was required to pay back by his employers considerable of his wages to make good the spoilage on the job. The foreman in charge could not or would not shield the feeder and would not share the responsibility. The feeder was confident that the feeding was good, and conceived the idea that there was something wrong with the press and came to me for my opinion on the matter. By close questioning the following facts were learned : The tympan had been secured against possi¬ ble slipping by being fastened about the edges with gummed paper. There were several register sheets 356 THE INLAND PRINTER made with the position of the guides marked, so that the second feeding was exactly the same as the first. The sheets varied in lots and would run sometimes for quite a while without any variation, and it was possible to separate them into three distinct lots. The bad sheets could not be made to register at both ends at the same time, but it was possible to save many of them by shifting the plates in the form on the worst of the three lots. The medium lot was partly saved by dividing the difference from end to end. We measured several of the sheets and found that they had changed in shape and size during the printing of the first form and that the different days’ work had been mixed together when they were taken from the racks. The cause of the trouble was plain — the weather had done the mischief. It is always a good plan to keep separate each day’s work on a close register job. Written for The Inland Printer. DISPLAY COMPOSITION.* NO.- III.— CONTRAST. ONTRAST is a marked dissimilarity. It sets one thing out distinctly against another or brings put one thing from the midst of others. It is the contest of positive and negative as recognized by the eye. For instance, in our work as printers we have two extremes as the basis of all our effects, the white of paper and the black of ink. These are merely typical, for all paper is not white and all ink is not black ; but in common experience the white is the negative ele¬ ment, the building foundation, the background ; and the black is the positive, the constructive element, the part which stands out from the other. The difference there is between the spot of ink con¬ veyed by the type and the white paper upon which it is pressed is just what enables us to see a printed letter, as the A in Fig. i. But beyond merely distinguishing it, we say that this A “ stands out.” We do not say that the white space around the A stands out, because the white space is considered negative — it does not convey so definite a message to the mind. But against the negative background the A is positive, because it suggests more to us. * All rights reserved. Suppose, now, we place in a white space of similar bounds the word “ Contrasting.” (Fig. 2.) The A occupies exactly the same location as before and is still recognizable because it is distinctly different from the background and from the other letters, but there is no such great dissimilarity that we could say A presents a contrast to the others. The other letters are all quite as positive in their character. It is now the group of letters that together stand out in their blackness against the negative white. If we add more letters, a mass of words in fact, as in Fig. 3, this thing is to be noted, namely, that the A (to be found in Fig. 3, second line), though exactly as large and;, ^occupying the identical spot in the space THERE IS NO CONTRASTING WITH TOO MANY SIMILARITIES Fig. 3. assumed at the first, has not nearly the force obtained in Fig. 1. It is not any less black, but the accumu¬ lation of similar black marks has made the mass almost negative. This approach toward a negative effect increases as we fill the space with more words. In Fig. 4 we have almost an even tone made up of little blacks and whites mixing into a gray. If now we are to have a con¬ trast, a note stronger than the prevailing gray must be inserted, as in Fig. 5. After this manner we could go on from Fig. 5 and continue progressive examples, assuming the back¬ ground to be a gray and repeating the contrasts of Figs. 2 and 3 by means of heavier-faced type. After again filling the space with a solid form and making the effect of it a very heavy gray, we Plight yet produce the same round of contrasts by the use of still blacker letters. We thus get the principle that the THE INLAND PRINTER 357 darker the background the stronger or blacker must be the words we want to have stand out. The employment of gray background is considered a necessity in many kinds of work. Of course, space in newspapers and magazines costs money, and the WORDS ARE PROUD THINGS AND THERE IS NO USE OF CONTRASTING ANY ONE WITH TOO MANY OTH ERS. SIMILARITIES ARE NOT CONGENIAL TO THEM THEY REVOLT AT THESE Fig. 4. effort of the advertiser and the printer is to make the most of what is purchased. With this intention they “ fill it up,” believing, as a rule, that the more it can be made to carry the better. Whether or not this is right, when they get it filled with type how shall they obtain contrast except by heavier type in the midst of light-faced type, after the manner of Fig. 5? Yet the fact holds true that the dark spot against white, as in Fig. 1, is usually stronger than the darker spot against WORDS ARE PROUD THINGS AND THERE IS NO USE OF CONTRASTING ANY ONE WITH TOO MANY OTH ERS. SIMILARITIES ARE NOT CONGENIAL TO THEM THEY REVOLT AT THESE Fig. 5. ~ gray, as in Fig. 5. Type matter can never be so nega¬ tive as a dead white or plain paper tint. Again, taking the type impression as positive, we must measure its strength from white as the zero. A gray is only part way to zero. Black and white fur¬ nish wider range, therefore, and greater possibilities for contrast than black and gray. So much for the relation of a single point, a single line or an emphatic group or mass of words to the entire space. A new problem arises when we under¬ take to determine how many individual emphatic words or lines may be put into a given space without distraction. In the first place, to add contrasts to display does not always add any strength. In a warship’s arma¬ ment, if one great gun proves effective, half a dozen may be six times as effective, but in a piece of display, if one contrast proves forceful, six such contrasts will not add six times the strength, but will perhaps destroy the first contrast and leave practically none at all. For instance, A as it stands alone in Fig. 1 has considerable force. In Fig. 2, with ten other letters, A as an indi¬ vidual force is altogether lost, though neither size nor position has been changed. Any of these ten letters could take the place of A in Fig. 1 and make just as strong a contrast, but not one of them as brought together in Fig. 2 begins to have the force of the soli¬ tary letter in the first example. The one word “ Contrasting ” in Fig. 2 is emphatic because of its contrast with a generous white ground, but the wo.rd “ Contrasting ” is shorn of perhaps three- fourths of its force when it is placed with three other similar lines, as in Fig. 3, and becomes a part of a mass. Even when the emphasized words are sepa¬ rated, as in Fig. 6, the number of them does not pro¬ portionately strengthen, but, inversely, seems to reduce the force which the space holds for a proper and intelligent display. We will make more of this point later, in “ subor¬ dination,” but in general, the temptation to over-em- phasize or to introduce a great many words or lines of strong-faced type simply leads to darkening* the tone of the whole without being certain where in its con¬ fines the eye is most likely to alight first. In a Christmas pudding we notice the surface is dark with many plums or raisins, but no particular bit of fruit in our slice is more likely to entice the advancing fork than another. Pardon the illustration, but did you ever remark the direct attention a boy will give to the half walnut on the top of a piece of frosted nut cake? The cake may be full of chopped nuts, but the one placed on top has first care and appropriation. And the truth is, in regard to display, that we change but do not reallv shake off our childhood habit. WORDS ARE PROUD THINGS AND THERE IS NO USE OF CONTRASTING ANY ONE WITH TOO MANY OTH ERS. SIMILARITIES ARE NOT CONGENIAL TO THEM THEY REVOLT AT THESE Fig. 6. Just as with a line backed by a plain or solid set¬ ting, the more thickly a space is filled with emphasized words the heavier must be any line or portion that would stand out from the rest, or, in other words, achieve a contrast of black and white. Overemphasis tends to throw words into the background, not into the foreground. In the examples we have examined thus far, black and white, or contrast of tone, has been the only con- 358 THE INLAND PRINTER trast considered. There is another quite as important, founded upon difference in size. A large thing is naturally seen before a smaller thing, and the larger object is likely to be considered at first glance of more importance than the lesser in size. A building that looms up to twenty stories will be considered by a stranger in the city more impor¬ tant than a three-story structure standing “ shoe-high ” right by its side. When the elephants are passing who is going to look at the circus ponies? In display we are dealing constantly in first impres¬ sions. Our work is introductory, and we must use whatever will give immediate and telling effect. It is natural for any one to assume, in typography at least, that size is proportionate to importance, and display, recognizing this, makes good use of that impression. Sometimes the “ yellow ” dailies make fools of the public and sell papers by such contrasts of size as these. (Fig. 7.) The fact that newspaper headings can mislead an eager and not altogether simple city population is proof enough that the lesser typographic lines do not receive any notice until the larger ones have been read and accepted as the gist of the matter printed. The use of such contrasts by the papers is generally not misleading, however, and enables us to A BIG BATTLE Has Not Been Fought, Although THE WAR IS OVER Its First and Preliminary Stages Fig. 7. take the headlines as an index spread over the surface of the page by which we are able to skim the contents and find what interests us most. Big type produces contrast because its very bigness makes it blacker, and also because the eye, having become adjusted first to the letters easiest to be seen, is for the moment blind to those requiring a different and more trying focus. The letters set in type of smaller body are actually indistinct during the reading of headings, else a word from their midst would oftener catch the attention when a careless glance is thrown over the display. Many an advertiser, anxious that certain words in the text of his copy shall not be missed, orders them set larger, and the result is a series of contrasts that gives a spotted effect to the general appearance, similar to the use of heavy face in the midst of light face, exhibited in Fig. 6. This calls attention away from headings by chance obtrusions of really subordinate words of the text and keeps the eye stepping up and down, as it were, in its focus, in a manner similar to the progress of Chicago pedestrians in the old days when the city streets had various levels and abrupt rises and descents occurred several times in each block. The contrast of big and little, like the contrast of black and white, is too valuable to misuse. We must remember, for instance, that in the points of a dis¬ play there can be but one biggest, and that, to make it instantly recognizable as the largest and most impor¬ tant, the other lines must not approach too near in size. Twenty-four point will easily lord it over eight-point Polite Display It is not the duty of contrast to “sandbag” the passing reader and dra^ him unconsciously into the presence of an advertisement, but to invite him to peruse the matter which is printed, — to act the hall boy with alacrity and style, or meet him with a cordial drip It matters a dreat deal how the display shall meet the reader Fig. 8. or even twelve-point, but finds a shouldering rival in twenty or twenty-two point. Another form of contrast may be called that of “ near and far,” or comparison of distances. For ex¬ ample, the distance between lines of a form of type may be uniformly one lead, or merely the shoulder width as set solid, while above this form there may be an additional line separated by at least a nonpareil slug from those below. The inference would be that this upper separated line is a heading. It need not be in a larger or blacker type but simply farther from the line below than the uniform distance kept between the rest. Again, at the bottom of a page, any group of lines cut off from the rest by something more than the regular distance will suggest a note or the beginning of a new subject (Fig. 8). “ Near and far ” are relations suggestive of more or less close connection, in grammatical construction as well as division into subject, body and note, illus¬ trated in Fig. 8. The proximity of two lines in a dis¬ play may logically be taken to mean that these two lines have something in common, some close connection in meaning as well as in actual position. A distance between lines naturally will be taken as indicating their comparative independence. The amount of space between will be judged equivalent to the degree of independence. Fig. 9 gives us an example in which the idea of “near and far” is exhibited without resort to other than a single size and face of type. The heading is shown distinctly separate from the two-line subhead¬ ing which follows it, but heading and subheading together are set a considerable distance from the first of the explanatory groups below, each of which takes up a particular point relating to the heading. By THE INLAND PRINTER 359 means of the considerable space they are removed, these are made evidently subordinate, although the three are declared equally emphatic by the uniform distance between them. The matter displayed in Fig. 9 would look better, no doubt, if, instead of merely leading the lines for distinctions, we employed large type and small type or heavy and light faces as well. The pur¬ pose of the example, however, is to show this one form of contrast by itself and something of what it can do. As intimated, later lessons will show how these fac¬ tors of display are to be worked together for strong results. For the present it must suffice to examine and learn the elements of contrast we shall have to use, and to prove there is at least force to be obtained from the marked dissimilarities of black and white, big and little, near and far , and one or two other things which may be included in contrast. In Lesson II explanation was made of the contrast of different faces. Farther on we may find that there are contrasts of forms that enter into effective work in display, and a few other things related to contrast but not really essential to list at the present. The principal elements of contrast used in display- are : Black and White. Big and Little. Far and Near. Different Faces. These are sufficient to build up strong and telling display quite in themselves. But it must not be thought that this argues the uselessness of every other element. We know that display has a double aim. It is to attract attention to the matter which is printed and it is to so arrange the page that the copy will be inter¬ preted to the reader with speed, with ease and with certainty of its meaning. But in the use of contrast, to demand attention we must not forget certain obligations and restrictions. Lesson II spoke for unity ; future lessons will speak for good form and attractiveness and what concessions we should make to these coworkers in successful dis- play. In nature we observe contrasts, and here we may find a clue to something 'in its possibilities that often escapes us in typography. We notice instantly the sail against a gray horizon or the blue water of the lake ; we see distinctly the red barns and the white farm¬ houses amid the green fields and foliage of the coun¬ try ; we remark the whiteness of a negro’s teeth and eyeballs, and likewise are quick to note the complexion of the fair lady who is dressed in black. All these contrasts compel attention, but, beside that, they please us. The sail seems whiter because of the setting of dark water ; the red barns of the country “ strike a happy note ” in the pastoral symphony ; the negro’s teeth seem like pearls ; the blonde lady in black receives at least the tribute of a second glance. Now, in typography we are in danger of overlook¬ ing this important quality of pleasing, and seem to think that if we catch the eye by any means the copy will do the rest. As compositors, we have no right to depend upon copy to do any part that display can do itself. Display, if rightly designed, need not depend upon copy to pacify the reader for a rude and possibly unwarranted DISPLAY The Window Dressing of Typography Attracts Attention Detains the Eye Shows the Kind of Goods Fig. 9. arrest of his attention, but can make the detention itself agreeable and can favorably prejudice the reader by form and style so as to make the way ready for copy to have an easy conquest of his interest. • (To be continued.) VERBS NEEDED. The St. James Gazette, of London, thinks there is a need for certain new verbs. “We want,” it says, “popular verbs for several operations introduced by modern science. The X-rays, the Finsen treatment for lupus, the operation of radium for cancer, and what not — what are the words for these? A man is guillotined or hanged; his leg is amputated; he is trepanned. What is it when he is rayed, Finsened, radiumed? We still want a wireless word. ‘ Marconigram,’ which was suggested, seems to have died a natural death. What is the synonym for telephone when one speaks over the instrument to which a phonograph is attached? And have we finally agreed that ‘ motor ’ is the verb to travel by automobile ? ” FROM RUSSIAN WAR POEMS. Great the copy he must set, Story thrills him to the quick — How the hostile host was met, Met and crushed by Colonel Kickemakaraschopoffoptschpopoffvitvh- schvitscho ff skivitschky. 360 THE INLAND PRINTER Written for The Inland Printer. A NEW ERA FOR PRINTERS. BY R. C. MALLETTE. NEARLY every Young Men’s Christian Associa¬ tion in the land conducts classes for instruction in several branches of manual training. Tuition in these is practically free to members of the association, there being in some. cases a small charge added for expense of lessons and equipment. This rarely exceeds as to conform to laws of harmony and canons of good taste without the necessity of painfully reconstructing the work as it proceeds. A few printers, hither and yon, have been taking such courses during the past winter. Without excep¬ tion, they have been benefited. Yet they have not met the full measure of possible benefit. They were handi¬ capped because the course was not arranged for their requirements and special work must needs be devised DALLES OF THE WISCONSIN RIVER. the fee for membership, which is frequently $4 for simple annual membership without gymnasium privi¬ leges, or $7 with use of gymnasium. From thirty to forty lessons are generally given during the winter. One of the subjects universally taught is free-hand drawing, with its companion, mechanical drawing. As taken up here, it is given attention with especial view to such use of it as will be found necessary in machine shop or office work. But the inquiring or ambitious printer will find in the course a great deal that will help him in his strivings for perfection in detail work, for balance, harmony and proper perspective. It will aid him to think with his pencil ; to plan the whole of a piece of composition before he sets a line ; to catch at a glance the salient feature of a bit of copy, whether for one color or two, and to construct it in such manner for them. To obviate this drawback, a movement is about to be projected in the East whereby it may be possible to add to the Y. M. C. A. curriculum in the larger cities a course in drawing and perspective for printers especially. In Bridgeport, Connecticut, Mr. Charles L. Powers has interested Instructor Holmes of the local Y. M. C. A. in the matter, and has obtained from him a virtual promise that if sufficient interest is shown there will be a course for these ambitious print¬ ers ready at the opening of the educational department next fall. As yet the matter is not fully arranged. It is hoped that there may be given careful instruction in the ele¬ mentary principles of perspective, harmony, balance, and perhaps the ' simpler color schemes. The latter, however, would very likely be in the nature of instruc- THE INLAND PRINTER 361 tion for an advanced class. Everything is to be thor¬ oughly practical. Nothing that is theoretical or even academic will be taught, the intention being to give the printer help along just the lines that make up the problems confronting him in his daily tasks. Drawings will be made, explained and criticized ; perfect and imperfect examples given of every-day work and the student shown why one is admirable and the other unsuitable ; why details that are pleasing in one instance are out of place in another, even while the two may seem to be largely the same. Efforts will be made especially to stimulate the originality of the student, and to guide it in the right direction, advancing to a second step only when the first has been thoroughly mastered. It should be stated, perhaps, that this in no wise contemplates the instruction of a printer lad in the mere mechanical processes of the setting of type or locking of forms or feeding of sheets. All this he is supposed to know, or to learn elsewhere. Here he is to be taught that which is a step beyond ; that which his foreman may not be able or willing to teach him ; those principles which distinguish the art and mystery of printing from the drudgery of other trades ; those finer qualities, in a word, which distinguish the better printer from him who is no more than ordinary in attainment. No plant will be installed for use or illustration. As stated, the purpose is not to teach printers to print, so much as to explain and exemplify the groundwork of such principles of art as are applicable to the com¬ position and spacing of a letter-head or a title-page or a booklet ; such schemes of color as make true har¬ mony on the printed page. Nor is it the intention or desire that this form of instruction should supersede or eliminate instruction in the purely technical schools — the Inland Printer Technical School, for instance. This fills a place in the typographic world which can not be filled in any other way. But there are scores of printers, appren¬ tices and journeymen in whom the spark of ambition is bright and who are deterred from visiting this school by the one fact of lack of opportunity or the claims of those dependent upon them for livelihood. It is for these that the course of study as outlined above was projected. Should it become a fact accomplished, it may form part of the regular course in the associa¬ tions of many of the larger cities throughout the land, spreading in all directions from Bridgeport. Here elementary training will be given to many whose desires will thereby be awakened, and who will, with the foundation thus obtained, be eager to enter and graduate from the greatest of all technical schools for printers. EVERYTHING IN ITS PLACE. The clam likes not The chowder-pot; But that’s where he belongs. — Washington Star. Written for The Inland Printer. CALENDAR PRINTING ECONOMIZED. IN the matter of saving stock, there is much room for the display of genius, not only in bookwork, but even in the most common every-day printing. Take, for instance, the subject of calendar printing. This particular method of souvenir advertising has devel¬ oped to such immense proportions that it has become specialized, and immense manufacturing plants are now devoted entirely to this class of work. Thousands of tons of paper and cardboard and millions of dollars are expended yearly in the production of this kind of advertising, and yet what advance has been made in the way of economizing in the cost of production? I have before me a calendar printed in Cardiff, Wales, in 1814, which differs in no wise from the same article as manufactured to-day. It contains the usual cardboard calendar back, with the conventional pad attachment. It seems to have escaped the manufac¬ turers entirely that there is room for improvement and saving even in calendar-making ; that a superior article can be produced with just one-tenth the cost in com¬ position, merely a fraction of the square inches of electros and a saving of tons of stock. After more than a hundred years of use in its pres¬ ent form it may be termed radical to claim that so great a saving can be accomplished in an article of such com¬ mon daily use without changing its form entirely. The fact of the matter is that the printer has allowed him¬ self to travel a beaten path in regard to the printing of calendars. When the calendar above mentioned was printed, ninety j'ears ago, the printer was entirely blameless, on account of his narrow conception of econ¬ omy as viewed in the light of modern methods of production. He simply put the cart before the horse, as the following illustrations of how a calendar may be built demonstrates : 1905 JANUARY 51 Days Sun Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat 1 2 5 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 15 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 25 24 25 26 27 28 29 50 51 Fig. i. Fig. 1 shows the calendar as it appears, hanging on the wall. To the casual observer, there is not the slightest difference in appearance from the ordinary calendar and pad. In the illustration, however, all that portion of the calendar excepting the heading (marked “ A ”) should be printed directly on the cardboard backing. In other 362 THE INLAND PRINTER words, all that is necessary is a pad showing the months and days as illustrated below. This at once saves four- fifths of the stock now being used in the pad. The fatter is reduced to about three-fourths of an inch in width and the twelve narrow strips can be printed as in Fig. 2. 1905 FEBRUARY 28 Days Wed Thu Fri | Sat | Sun | Mon Tue 1905 MARCH 31 Days Wed Thu Fri | Sat | Sun Mon Tue 1905 APRIL 50 Days Sat Sun Mon | Tue | Wed Thu Fri 1905 MAY 51 Days Mon Tue | Wed | Thu | Fri | Sat | Sun 1905 JUNE 50 Days Wed Thu Fri J Sat j Sun I Mon | Tue 1905 JULY 51 Days Fri Sat Sun | Mon | Tue | Wed | Thu 1905 AUGUST 51 Days Mon Tue | Wed | Thu | Fri | Sat | Sun 1905 SEPTEMBER 50 Days Thu Fri Sat | Sun | Mon | Tue Wed 1905 OCTOBER 51 Days Sat Sun Mon | Tue j Wed | Thu | Fri 1905 NOVEMBER 50 Days Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat Sun Mon 1905 DECEMBER 51 Days Thu Fri Sat | Sun | Mon | Tue | Wed Fig. 2. Assemble these twelve strips or headings in their regular order and staple them over the figures in proper alignment, as with the ordinary pad. The simplicity ■of the idea is at once apparent. January i, 1905, shows Sunday as the first day. At the conclusion of the month tear off the January slip and February is revealed, showing the first of the month to fall on Wed¬ nesday, and so on throughout the entire year. What is the result? A calendar that is more com¬ pact than the old style and in every way filling the devised purpose. Furthermore, and in addition to the enormous saving of paper in a large edition, let us examine the cost in labor, etc. In the first place, the pad form is reduced from a good sized cylinder form to one but nine inches long, which will easily go on a platen press. In printing large quantities on a cylinder, just five times the number of sets can be run as was possible under the old method. Nor is that all. The number of square inches of electros required has been reduced to just one-fifth of what was previously required. In mailing, another saving is effected for the customer in the matter of postage. Then the cost of composition on the original form must not be over¬ looked, and especially if it is run from type. Instead of being compelled to set up a form 18 by 33 inches (where the pads are 5 by 9) the labor will be reduced to a form 9 by 9 inches. Furthermore, the composition will be free from a complexity of figures and rules, while still another advantage will be discernable by the country printer, whose supply of type does not permit of setting up so large a quantity of big figures. Previous experience in the novelty calendar busi¬ ness has placed me in touch with that department of the United States Patent Office which covers this par¬ ticular branch of advertising. In making a recent search in connection with a patent covering an auto¬ matic calendar, I came across patent No. 90,017, taken out by J. D. Parsons, in 1869. This invention covered the foregoing description of a calendar in many ways, but it is evident that this idea went to the Patent Office and died there, as in all my calendar experience I have never seen this method of economy in production put to actual use. Nevertheless, all patents in any way touching these methods of production have long since expired and there is, therefore, a broad field for profit to printers along these lines. BOOKS NOT SECOND-CLASS MAIL MATTER. The United States Supreme Court has decided that hooks published periodically are not entitled to transmission through the mails as second-class mail matter. The opinion was deliv¬ ered by Justice Brown, and covered three cases against the Postmaster-General, instituted , respectively by Houghton, Mifflin & Co., Smith and others, and Bates & Gill. The Chief Justice and Justice Harlan dissented. . The question decided has been the subject of long controversy between the Post- office Department and the publishers, both before Congress and in the Department. For sixteen years and under eleven Post- masters-General these publications were carried as second- class matter, though under protest from the department, which made many efforts to have the law modified or repealed, but without success. Failing in this the Postmaster-General issued an order in 1902 excluding the books from the second-class rate. Thereupon the matter was taken to the courts, the effect being that the Postmaster-General was sustained by the final decision. WE WILL TAKE NO CHANCES. I have not as yet found a printers’ journal equal to The Inland Printer. If you miss sending me a number, your life is jeopardized. — Ned J. Roberts, Barre, Vermont. THE INLAND PRINTER 363 Written for The Inland Printer. THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE. BY F. HORACE TEALL. NO. VIII. — GRAMMAR OF NOUNS AND PRONOUNS. BEFORE writing what may be taken as commenda¬ tion of Cobbett’s Grammar, but is not intended as unqualified commendation, a warning is necessary. The most easily procurable edition of Cobbett is the one edited by Alfred Ayres, and Ayres’s most prom¬ inent attempt at emendation is the subject of the warn¬ ing. Ayres would have many of Cobbett’s relative these qualities is missing in Cobbett’s explanation, as it is in most of such writings. This element will be supplied if we secure a real understanding of the mean¬ ing of the word case as used in grammar. Case is the name of certain varying relationships between nouns or pronouns and verbs or prepositions, as all gram¬ marians tell us ; but we are not often told why the relationships are called cases. Webster’s International Dictionary quotes from J. W. Gibbs, an American philologist who lived from 1790 to 1861, and is said to have been a thorough and Photo by Charles Reid. Wishaw, Scotland. “ IN MY AIN pronouns changed, and in nearly every instance the author’s usage is better than the editor’s. In the quo¬ tation following the pronoun “ that ” is used three times where “ who ” is much better. In the book named the editor’s introductory note says : “ Cobbett’s Grammar is probably the most read¬ able grammar ever written. For the purposes of self-education it is unrivaled. Persons that studied grammar when at school and failed to comprehend its principles — and there are many such — as well as those that never have studied grammar at all, will find the book specially suited to their needs. Any one of average intelligence that will give it a careful reading will be rewarded with at least a tolerable knowledge of the subject, as nothing could be more simple or more lucid than its expositions.” We have now reached a point where this assertion of simplicity and lucidity may be put to test, namely grammatical case. An element necessary to both of COUNTRIE.” accurate scholar. He says : “ Case is properly a fall¬ ing off from the nominative or first state of a word ; the name for which, however, is now, by extension of its signification, applied also to the nominative.” The Standard Dictionary quotes a similar sentence from De Quincey. Worcester quotes T. K. Arnold, an Eng¬ lish clergyman (1800 to 1853), who wrote many books for the study of foreign languages : “ The word case means fall. The old Greek grammarians wrote the nominative in an upright line, and the other cases in lines inclined at certain angles ; so that the forms of the genitive, accusative, etc., seem to be falling, as it were, from the original word. Hence these forms were called oblique cases.” What led to these sayings is the fact that “ case ” is simply the English form of a Latin word (casus) that means a fall. There are three cases in English — nominative, objective, and possessive. Nominative means simply naming. A noun in the nominative case 364 THE INLAND PRINTER names the subject or agent — the doer or actor. The objective case names the object acted upon. When we say that a man writes platitudes, the first noun is nomi¬ native and the second objective. The possessive case names a possessor, and sometimes denotes a relation¬ ship that can be classed as possession only by what the lawyers call a fiction. More is to be said about this later. Pronouns vary in case exactly as the nouns for which they stand. No difficulty is found as to form in any of the cases of nouns except the possessive. Confusion is frequent in pronominal forms, however, especially in the fact of using an objective form instead of a nomi¬ native, or nominative instead of objective. Nouns are not changed in form in these cases, but pronouns are changed. In the following two sentences “ whom ” is used where “ who ” should appear : “ How lightly, before their marriage, he had spoken of Sim, whom she now saw was regarded by every¬ body except Jones as the latter’s superior.” “ There was no chance at present of getting speech with the only living person whom he knew had touched the treasure.” In this one “ who ” is used where “ whom ” should be : “ The robin soon learns that behind his wires he need not dread the human being who out-of-doors he never thought of fearing.” The first two sentences may be considered as though elliptical, as the sense would be more fully expressed in the first, “ . . . who, as she. now saw, was,” etc., thus showing more directly the actual nomi¬ native relationship ; and a similar process would show the second to be of the same nature. In the third sen¬ tence the pronoun is the object of the verb at the end (“ fearing whom ” shows the sense), and the objective form is demanded. Such errors are frequent, and made by many wri¬ ters who should not write bad grammar ; but they are none the less wrong for that reason. Enough seems to have been said to show fully the proper distinction and its reason, and we could not use the space neces¬ sary to exemplify every possible error of this nature ; something must be left to analogical reasoning. One very common error, however, is well worthy of inclu¬ sion, even though it is so persistent that no one may be induced hereby to correct it. It is the use, of “ me ” for “ I,” and of “ I ” for “ me.” The story is told that President McCosh, of Prince¬ ton, once stopped at a student’s door and knocked, and on being asked who was there answered, “It is me, President McCosh,” and was met by the answer that it could not be, because he would have said, “ It is I.” A pronoun following the verb “ to be ” is in the nom¬ inative, not the objective. How often we hear such sentences as, “ He gave it to you and I,” “ Between you and I and the lamp-post,” “ Let’s you and I go.” Yet these are no better than “ He gave it to I,” “ Let I go,” which no one would say. It is right to use “ I ” with more words just as it would be used without them, and the same is true of “ me.” Sherwin Cody, in the little book “ Grammar and Punctuation,” of his series, “ The Art of Writing and Speaking the English Language,” covers this point about as well as any one, thus : “We should always say ‘ It is I,’ not ‘ It is me,’ ‘ It is he, she, they, or we,’ not ‘ It is him, her, them, or us,’ as we often hear people say. Also, remembering that the object of a preposition is always in the objective case, we will say ‘ between you and me,’ not ‘ between you and I,’ ‘ It can be done by you and me,’ not ‘ It can be done by you and I.’ We would not say ‘ between I and the fence-post,’ nor ‘ It is being done by I and somebody else.’ These sound absurd. It is quite as absurd to say ‘ between you or the fence-post and I.’ ” A strange fact in connection with these personal pronouns is that many persons, on being informed that speaking of “ you and me ” is sometimes to be avoided, substitute “ you and I ” on all occasions. One substi¬ tution is as bad as the other. And yet a stranger fact is that the use of the nominative in the place of the objective is very common among usually good speak¬ ers ; indeed, this habit of speech is so fixed with many persons that they simply can not see anything wrong in it. Nevertheless, one who says, for instance, “ It is for you and I,” uses ungrammatical speech, just as bad as that of the one who says, “ You and me are going.” No means but one seems available for correction of these errors when they are .habitual. That one is the study of the difference between the two cases, per¬ sisted in until the distinction has become as instinctive as the confusion was. (To be continued.) Written for The Inland Printer. THE PRINTER AS AN ADVERTISEMENT WRITER. IT is safe to say that very few men preparing adver¬ tising literature for merchants, manufacturers and business men, or who are responsible for the expen¬ diture of hundreds of thousands of dollars yearly in national campaigns, are graduates of the case or pos¬ sess much knowledge of the printer’s art. While it is not necessary for the advertising man to be a practical printer in every sense of the word, if he possesses the ability to view a proposition through the eyes of the public, to carefully analyze the condi¬ tions and circumstances to which he must appeal for a demand and to anticipate the usefulness of an article, he is generally successful. But how about making “ type talk,” as well as to be able to present a convincing argument ? Some one says if you have a good story to tell — something that inter¬ ests the people — don’t worry about position or display ; they will find it. While this may be true, it costs money to tell the story, and every precaution should be taken to eliminate all chances. THE INLAND PRINTER 365 The advertisement which combines truthful and convincing information with beautiful design and attractive display is the one that wins more readers, more attention, more demand. It makes advertising an investment, not an expense, and the man capable of doing this is the one the manufacturers and business men are after — the man who can bring in two dollars for the one spent. Who has a better foundation for entering the field than the practical printer ? On him depends, to a more really valuable in the world is original thought, and there are few printers who are proud of their profes¬ sion who do not put as much thought and originality into their work as does the advertising man in catering to the desires of the public. The writer was calmly informed by a manufacturer recently that if he advertised for a clerk at $12 a week he would be flooded with answers, but, on the other hand, if he advertised for a man at a salary of $15,000 a year, there would be few applicants. The reason is or less degree, the proper producing of the advertising man’s argument. He must possess the ability to grasp the meaning intended to be conveyed to the public, and his responsibility in arranging a harmonious and pleas¬ ing efifect is no less important than he who prepares the copy. If the printer is able to cope with such problems In his every-day life, is it not reasonable to suppose he •should possess the ability to produce copy equally as good, provided he cultivated those qualities ? The ability of an advertising man is not judged by his reputation as a newspaper correspondent, or from the fact that he is able to write a column on the weather ; it is he who writes a line and makes you think a column, who possesses sound business ideas combined with common sense and honesty. All that is obvious. We must prepare ourselves for the opportu¬ nity — not wait for it to come to us. This is a matter that should interest every printer who has an eye on the future. His past experience is a valuable asset ; it can neither be given nor taken away, borrowed nor stolen ; it is the stepping-stone to a field of usefulness which presents many opportunities to men of purpose, determination and worth, and if he puts himself in the hands of an advertising school, with a firm resolve to do his level best, they will put him on the right track, open up new schools of thought and broaden his vision of the future. There are many printers to-day who possess just the necessary qualifications to be a credit to the adver¬ tising profession. Are you one of them? 366 THE INLAND PRINTER Written for The Inland Printer. THE JOB-PRINTER’S PAPER STOCK. /'HY can’t I get some of your business ? ” said Mr. Plugger, salesman for a Boston paper- house, to Mr. Quad, of Quad & Space, job-printers, of Busyville, a western New York town. Quad could not see why he should at that time ; but Plugger came every few weeks, and one day Quad weakened and bought a few reams of coated-book seconds ( for which he had no particular use) at a low price. The seconds were finally worked off, but at what cost? No great cost, because little was invested ; but with the time lost in throwing out defective sheets, together with the stock wasted, Quad & Space would have been better off financially had regular stock been purchased. Still Plugger came, and once again was Quad induced to buy, this time investing in a job lot of machine-finished book at about a quarter of a cent a pound off the regular price. This stock was all right, but were Quad & Space anything ahead, after paying double the freight they would have paid had the stock been bought in Buffalo or Cleveland? By this time Quad & Space, to their way of think¬ ing, began to get wise. “ What’s the use,” said Quad to Space, “ of buying stuff all over the country, when we can get the same goods of Poster & Book of Buffalo, or the Bond Paper Company, of Cleveland, with whom We deal regularly, at just as low prices?” “ Not any,” said Space, “ and, besides, if we’re in a hurry the stock can be had by freight in a couple of days from either place.” And Plugger came again and again, but Quad, while trying to be courteous, could see nothing in the Boston man’s samples that interested him, hence did not buy. For had he not reasoned that it were better to have regular stock from a near-by house, which could be replenished in a day’s time, than to have odds and ends from all over the country? Then does Plugger, in talking to another printer, express himself thus : “ Quad & Space are married to Poster & Book, of Buffalo, and there’s no use trying to sell them anything.” Now, possibly Plugger is right, for the way Quad & Space see things, he can not sell them often; but Plugger might happen along just at the right time and, if he is always pleasant, he might make a respectable sale of some particular stock that was wanted at that particular time. To illustrate : Mr. Agreeable Fellow, from a Columbus, Ohio, paper house, calls on Quad & Space on his regular trips to Busyville. He does not get “ sore ” because he can not make a sale each visit, but drops in just the same ; he appreciates the fact that he is at a disadvantage, his goods usually being on the road a week. But he once in a while strikes Quad & Space when they want a quantity of some special stock, and he makes it an object for them to buy of him; then he sells the goods. So, Mr. Traveling Man, be always agreeable, no matter whether you sell or not. You yourself like better the customer who sticks to you than the one who is continually flopping from one house to another. This is about the way Quad & Space have figured out the paper stock business for job-printers who are located in towns where there is no supply house, and who must carry a stock worth several hundred dollars : I. Settle upon the largest and most reliable whole¬ sale dealer in the nearest city with whom to do the greater part of your business. II. Stick to your house so long as you are used right, and, if you are good pay, this will continue as long as you both continue in business. III. Should you have a large order to place, for some particular stock, get quotations and samples from two or three reliable paper houses. IV. Don’t try to carry all the kinds of paper, envelopes, etc., that are made, but make your line as simple as possible. Something like the following makes a clean, nice stock : Poster Paper. — Carry two sizes only, say 25 by 38 — 30, and 28 by 42 — 40, and do not change your sizes. Should the sizes vary an inch or so it is incon¬ venient to cut when assorted colors are wanted by the customer. Get white and assorted colors. Book Papers. — Carry a small stock of machine finished, sized and supercalendered, and coated, in white only. A quantity of any special size and weight can be had in a day or two. Writings. — Carry two grades only, in white, one worth 6 or 7 cents a pound. If the cheaper grade is a fair sheet, it can be worked on many things, and can be bought in case lots at a lower rate than if bought a few reams at a time. Folio and double cap sizes are about the only sizes it is necessary to keep in stock, unless your trade requires special sizes. A small stock of No. 2 tinted flats in folio size may be good stock. Bond Papers. — Much being used nowadays, three grades may be a necessity, one worth about 7, one 10, and one 15 cents a pound. Carry all three in white and colors, and a small stock of envelopes for the two better grades. Envelopes. — Carry a No. 2 rag (these are per¬ fectly satisfactory to nearly all customers) in XX and XXX in the 6)4 and 6% sizes, and in XXX only in the larger sizes. Cheap envelopes in the 6)4 and 6% sizes are good stock. Some small manila coin en¬ velopes should be carried, also ; but do not get too many kinds. Ruled Goods. — Carry two qualities — one the same as your cheap flat, one same as the better. If the lower-priced one is fairly good stock, these will give satisfaction in nearly all cases, and but a small line of the better goods need be carried. If the trade requires it, a small stock of medium-priced bond goods may be carried also. Tags. — Carry two grades, about the cheapest ob¬ tainable, and one of fair strength. Buy these in gangs THE INLAND PRINTER 367 of four, as if the customer orders but 500 or 1,000, two can be put in type, printed on one end of the gang, then the gang turned and printed on the other end and other side from first time through, without chang¬ ing the gauge pins on the press. Cardboard. — Carry two grades of white, a small stock of good tinted, and quite a quantity of very cheap colored if there is any cheap ticket or advertising-card printing to be had. In tagboard carry a very cheap grade, and one of fair strength. A small stock of blanks, railroads and tough checks are also a necessity. Cover Papers. — Beware of these. There are so many beautiful things in the market that the printer may be tempted to buy much that would move slow. Carry two grades, one low priced and medium weight, and the other a little higher in price and some heavier. As trade is now, both of these should be in the antique. If special covers are wanted, show the customer samples, and order by express if necessary, as the chances are that the right thing would never be in stock in the quantity wanted, no matter what was carried. Of course, there are other things, such as cut cards, weddings, etc., necessary for the printer to carry in stock. But above all things, buy only things that will move. The printer’s trade will determine what he should carry in large quantities. Keep a pad hung up in the stockroom, and note your wants on this at the time you see anything is low. Keep the stock moving. When new stock is opened up, put it at the bottom of the pile, and work off the older stock first. This keeps your stock fresh. One particular object in buying most of the stock of one near-by house is that it is an easy matter to keep the stock complete. For instance, an order taken to-day may require a few sheets of fancy cover. It can be ordered by freight, adding enough regular stock which is low to make a respectable shipment. Or a job being run to-day may take all the 120-pound white cardboard in stock ; another job to be printed a couple of days later may require the same stock. Possibly not much of this stock is carried or used ordinarily, but one hundred or two hundred sheets may be ordered by freight, other regular stock being added to make a fair shipment. TYPOGRAPHY AND ADVERTISING. The majority of advertising matter could be considerably improved by a knowledge of typography. Type is talk. It conveys ideas, manners and individuality. The judicious filling of space is as important as sensible, logical head-lines and sentences. The ocular effect has an enormous influence in the pulling power of an advertisement. The first and essential purpose is to catch the eye. This, backed by forcible business proposi¬ tions, produces the desire to buy. One of the chief faults frequently made is overcrowding. Many advertisements are spoiled by the misuse of elaborate scrollwork and too many styles of type. This produces a tawdry effect and detracts attention from the desired end. To be original it is not neces¬ sary to resort to rhapsody. Simplicity and sincerity, beauty of contrast and symmetrical arrangement are potent elements. They appeal to the eye and claim attention. Another important factor often overlooked is the nature of the goods or trade advertised. A style which has brought success to one man may ruin another. What might suit motor car advertising would be out of place in a millinery adver¬ tisement. To understand typography and display is to know when to use a condensed or extended type, where to make good use of an italic word or letter, where to use a heavy or light-faced type, etc. A trained eye can give an almost perfect idea of the amount of type required for a given space, and can draw an excellent likeness of the announcement. Few advertisers appreciate the value of good printing, and are not conversant with type. Printers seldom have a knowl¬ edge of display applicable to the varied circumstances of advertisers. A printer receiving a dummy from a man posted in typography and display will give more attention, and together they produce a strong, business-getting advertisement. The time expended in observing these important matters, so. intimately connected with the vital principles of successful advertising, is amply returned. — The British Advertiser. WHEN THE OLD SUBSCRIBER QUIT. ’Twas market day, and people came From miles and miles around To gather at the corners or Upon the courthouse ground, To sell their truck, to buy new duds, To talk of this and that — And each browned face its pleasure smiled Beneath a broad-brimmed hat. And at the business office of The Weekly Clarion stood A long, long line of faithful ones. To make their standing good; And as each in his turn advanced And his subscription filed, The editor, beside his desk. Just smiled, and smiled, and smiled. For it was good to hear the clink Of money, and ’twas hne To know the Clarion was the guide Of all that eager line; ’Twas cheering to reflect that he Had been their monitor, And so he smiled, and smiled, and smiled, And let his fancies soar. Their tribute then to pay — And oh! the sun was shining fair Upon that happy day, Until from out the line there stepped A hoary-headed one, Who straightway gloomed the cheerful sky And blotted out the sun. “ Look here! ” he said, “ I tuk this sheet Fer nigh on forty year And I ain’t satisfied at all Th’ way you’re doin’ here! By gum, your policies is rank. And I come here t’ say As how I don’t want this blamed sheet Another single day! ” Then out he stalked, as having done His duty, as he knew it — “ By gum,” he said, “ I hated tew, But I jest had t’ dew it! ” And to his clerk the editor Turned in his deep distress: “ The deacon’s stopped his paper, Jim — Go down and stop the press! ” — Baltimore News. 4, The Inland Printer Company. THE EASTERN SITUATION ASSUMES A SERIOUS ASPECT. THE INLAND PRINTER 369 idjPriijer^i [Entered at the Chicago Postoffice as second-class matter. 1 A. H. McQuilkin, Editor. Editorial Contributors — Arthur IC Taylor, F. W. Thomas, Edwin B. Dewey, W. B. Prescott, R. C. Mallette. Published monthly by THE INLAND PRINTER COMPANY , U. S. A. Vol. XXXIII. JUNE, 1904. No. 3. EDITORIAL NOTES. TT appears from statistics furnished by the Depart¬ ment of Commerce and Labor that trade relations between the United States and Japan have in recent years grown with greater rapidity than between Japan and any other nation. Paper and manufactures thereof stand well in the list, our total exports to Japan being $1,606 in 1890, and $187,860 in 1902. ONE ardent spellbinder proclaims it widely that “ The 1 -cent newspaper makes every man in the country a politician or a statesman, and the 10-cent magazine makes every home a literary circle. We read more than any other nation ; therefore we move faster and accomplish more.” But it requires a good deal more than the average i-cent paper or 10-cent magazine to make a “ statesman ” or a “ literary circle.” It all depends on which paper you happen to prefer. THE annual meeting of the Federation of Master Printers of Great Britain and Ireland took place at Belfast, May 30 and 31. The printers of the Irish commercial metropolis plumed themselves on the qual¬ ity of their reception committee and assured all visitors of a traditional Celtic welcome. We are sure the gath¬ ering proved profitable and enjoyable, and hope that none of the British visitors had reason to believe good St. Patrick did not banish the snakes from Antrim* s shores. THE International Bookbinder is, so far as we have noticed, the first official union paper to take cognizance of the social habits of its constituents. Labor editors have hitherto fought shy of that ticklish subject. Mr. Feeney, in an editorial on “ The Drink Habit,” says he conceives it to be his duty “ to advocate the interests of union bookbinders in every way and call their attention to any weakness or defect that is liable to prevent them from becoming useful citizens or respected craftsmen.” Then follows a stirring appeal to the drinking man to forsake his evil ways, and admonition that it “should be a pleasure and a duty for every man not a slave to drink to strive by all pos¬ sible means to halt the man on the downward path.” THEY - seem to be getting along in England. At a recent meeting — - dinner of course — of the Sheffield Master Printers’ Association, one speaker said the employers had found it was to their best interests to form associations, so that, among other things, they could meet the workers’ organizations, of which he approved, in a satisfactory way. The Sheffield asso¬ ciation is -not as strong as it might be, so another speaker took upon himself the role of missioner, and, addressing non-members, said : “ In the times gone by the members of the printing craft were a species of modern Ishmaels, but I am pleased to say this spirit has been eliminated since we have banded ourselves together.” This speaker was an alderman (how is it 370 THE INLAND PRINTER there is always an alderman at a British printers’ din¬ ner?) and must have been a spellbinder, for it is said that all the outsiders within range of his voice “ joined,” saying tritely and truly “ combination was what was needed.” ^T^HE United Kingdom boasts more than five thou- T sand periodical publications, of which 232 are dailies issuing one or more editions on the six week¬ days, and 2,597 are magazines. The oldest paper now in existence in England is the London Gazette, estab¬ lished at Oxford on Wednesday, November 15, 1665, while Parliament sat at the University during the plague in London. The printing was transferred to London some time in 1666, the name being thereupon changed from Oxford Gazette to the present title. IARITISH trade journals give space to concise re- D ports of many technical instruction classes. These appear to flourish particularly well in London, Man¬ chester and Edinburgh, while Belfast and Sheffield and other cities, never forgetting Joseph Chamberlain’s famed Birmingham, are well represented. The instruc¬ tion consists largely of lectures, illustrated with lan¬ tern slides and explained bv diagrams. It is intended for those who are actually engaged at the trade, the advanced apprentice and the journeyman who is ambi¬ tious, and yet it would seem to be somewhat academic in scope, if one may judge fairly by published reports. AMONG the almost daily strike items from Barce¬ lona it. may have escaped the' reader’s notice that there has been trouble in the printing trades. This is not so unusual, but it is a little out of the ordinary that members of the printers’ union should be sent to prison, as was their fate in the last difficulty. Barce¬ lona is the industrial metropolis of Spain, and its people contend they are unfairly treated in the appor¬ tionment of taxes. The employes’ organizations are very powerful, being in the forefront in opposing the fiscal laws, and though they have disputes enough with the employers, many of the latter sympathize so strongly with the political attitude of the unions that they do not seek aid from the government. SOME slow-going but evidently much-disgruntled members of the International Printing Press¬ men’s Union claim to have made the discovery that the peace agreement with the United Typothetae was not approved by the popular vote. It is alleged that the vote of two unions — 442 — was counted for the agreement, whereas the unions voted to reject it. The fault lies with the local officers, who made the error in transmitting the returns. A writer in the union’s offi¬ cial paper, the American Pressman, makes a plea for fair dealing, and says that, as the vote was published in detail and ample opportunity given to correct errors, the union can not go behind the returns, especially as the representatives of the contracting parties signed the agreement in good faith. That is high and unas¬ sailable ground, and we hope the pressmen’s officials will not be swerved from the stand taken by this writer. To put the situation on a low plane, if the agreement were as vicious as its union opponents say it is — which it is not — it could not work a tithe of the harm to the pressmen’s union that repudiation would. The mere suggestion of such an act could not help but prove hurtful, while to consummate it would leave the organ¬ ization characterless and without business standing. LEGAL REQUIREMENTS. OW little do legislators acquaint themselves with technical terms of matters upon which they pass ! Election laws of mam' States specify size of type and paper for official ballots at elections, and even at primaries and caucuses ; but it is frequently impos¬ sible to follow these directions absolutely, and some¬ times they are intelligible only when interpreted in the light of common knowledge and common sense. In one of the New England States all election ballots must be procured from the Secretary of State, who pre¬ scribes the size and quality of paper and the size and style of type. He allows the name of the party to appear in “ pica,” but insists that all names of offices and of candidates shall be set in “ capital letters of ordinary roman face book type, long primer size, like the type used in these instructions.” Now, the sample shown is undoubtedly long primer — about a nine- point face on the long primer body. But there are very few offices that still use their old body types, even if they have not discarded them, and so it is that almost invariably the ballots and pasters are printed from ten- point caps. And an election rarely passes without one or more visits to the printer by anxious or angry com¬ mitteemen who have discovered that the type used on local ballots differs slightly in style or weight from that on State or national ballots, or that pasters from different offices are not precisely the same. Careful and painstaking explanations are required before the visitors can be even partially pacified, and there are instances where orders have been canceled because a paster printed from say Century Expanded loomed large when placed on a ballot whose names had, been set in Ronaldson. But in reality the use of any face of modern or even old style caps., either long primer or ten-point, covers the meaning of the requirements, and all such ballots are accepted without question. Any attempt to designate the precise style of caps, to be used would be an injustice to the small printer whose office does not show that exact type and whose revenue from the printing of ballots is insufficient to enable him to add it at a profit. Nor is this ambiguity confined to local legislators. One of the rules of the United States Supreme Court concerning briefs is that they must be printed in clear and readable type, never smaller than small pica, on unglazed paper, and of a size and shape of page to allow them to be conveniently bound to¬ gether in an ordinary octavo volume. This is very THE INLAND PRINTER 371 plain — also very misleading. What is an octavo vol¬ ume, measured in inches? Is it 5^2 by 8}4, or 6 by 9, or 6 by gx/2, or 6x/2 by 10, or 7 by 11, or even 8% by iiR>? All these sizes are given under the caption “ octavo.” The preference is, when the word is used without distinguishing prefix, for medium octavo, 6 by gx/2. And this size would doubtless accord with the intentions of the honorable justices. But how much easier and more certain to have set forth dimensions in inches ! R. C. M. SAVE THE DISCOUNTS. ROBABLY employing printers are not particu¬ larly different -from men in other lines of busi¬ ness, but if this be true there are many men who are slow in paying their bills. There is no question that there are numerous printers who are lax in this respect. This article has to deal with printers only, and what they can do if they would but “ set their stakes.” Now then, suppose the average printer uses $200 worth of paper stock a month, and that one-half of them do not discount their bills, but instead take thirty or sixty days, and then pay net (and doubtless over one-half of the printers take all the time permissible). Do these printers who are “ slow pay ” ever stop to think of the cash they are throwing away bv not taking advantage of the discount allowed? Some paper dealers allow two per cent and some three per cent off for cash in ten days from date of invoice. There are other terms, but admitting that the average discount is two and one-half per cent, and that the average printer pays $200 a month for stock, it will be seen that those who do not discount their bills are losing $s a month that the business-like printer saves with little if any effort. Of course $5 a month is not a great deal, but it is the profit on a fair-sized job — one that the printer may spend considerable time to get — or may be the profit on several smaller ones, and means in one year $60. This would buy the printer a couple of suits of clothes, or take him and his wife on a little trip which both need — the printer to get his mind off business for a few days and the wife to break the monotony of home life. Some printer will say that he never has the ready cash with which to discount bills. Then he is “ lame ” in his business methods, especially if this condition exists year after year. He certainly has to pay his bills thirty, sixty, or possibly ninety days from their dating, and they certainly fall due just as frequently as though they were paid in ten days. So it will be seen that if the printer makes an extra effort to collect his accounts promptly and once gets in a position to dis¬ count his bills, it will require little effort on his part to keep in that position — and remember, he will not have to pay his bills oftener than as though he were con¬ stantly a month or two behind. Possibly some concerns with whom the printer deals do not allow a cash discount. These may be paid in the thirty or. sixty days (always when due) if necessary to let them run, using the cash on hand for discounting all bills possible. Another excellent reason for discounting bills is that the printer who makes it a practice has good credit. The best houses like to do business with him, because they know that their goods are quickly turned into cash. The prompt-paying printer gets close prices on the stock he buys, while the slow man, to whom the dealers care little about selling, usually has to pav the limit. If the printer has credit, it would pay him to borrow money and discount his bills rathdr than pay net. Bet¬ ter than this, however, is to hustle collections a little (without offending your good customers) until “ ahead of the game,” and save both interest and discount. At any rate, save the discounts ! E. B. D. COMPETENT PRINTERS WANTED. ONTEMPLATION of the number of printers East and West who came originally from down in Maine leads to an ardent desire to remark that these seem to be the Maine-stay of the country. But, as it appears, they are not — they do not stay in Maine. They are leaving at such a rapid rate that the Maine Press Association has deemed it necessary to pass resolutions at its annual meeting bewailing the increas¬ ing scarcity of suitable compositors and pressmen in all parts of the State, and urging that everything pos¬ sible be done to encourage apprenticeship to the printers’ craft. One of the prime causes for this lamentable scarcity, however, is set forth in the resolu¬ tion itself, being none other than the growth of the publishing business in general, and in particular the higher wages paid in Massachusetts and elsewhere. . If these Maine printers shall succeed in obtaining a greater percentage of desirable youths for appren¬ tices, it were something to be proud of. But it does not yet appear how the customary union rule of one appren¬ tice for five journeymen or less is to be set aside or circumvented, in those offices where unions are recog¬ nized. In the smaller towns where no union is organ¬ ized there will be room for comparatively few apprentices — few, certainly, in addition to those now employed. And it would seem that so long as present conditions continue, the demand for good printers will draw from the towns of Maine the best and most ambitious of the apprentices, those who are character¬ ized as “ suitable,” whether they are called to Massa¬ chusetts or elsewhere. Not alone is it a question of wages, greatly as these differ between Boston and Bucksport. There must also be considered the possibility of rapid advance¬ ment, of foremanship, of superintendency, of ultimate partnership or ownership even. And these various possibilities always seem so much nearer to the youth who is leaving for the city, so much more alluring than similar possibilities at home ! It can not be denied that, generally speaking, the city offers advantages 372 THE INLAND PRINTER so immeasurably in advance of those that the country holds forth that there can be no intelligent comparison of the two ; but it is equally true that many a printer earning going wages is actually making a less net income, week by week, than his brother in the coun¬ try — less than he himself would were he in the country. Had he never left, it would have been well for him. Considering the cost and standard of living, the wages paid in country towns are not less productive of possible savings, in perhaps the majority of cases, than those of the average city. But this for the printer who earns and obtains only the scale, whatever that may be. For him who is actually worth, in open market, an advance over the minimum, there are opportunities in cities such as can not possibly exist elsewhere. Scarce a fortnight ago I was asked to advise a printer, young, competent, enthusiastic, as to taking a position with the Quad Printing Company. (That name will do as well as any other — it is necessarily composite.) I could tell him only that if he was an average sort of printer he had better stay where he was, or look for place else¬ where ; but if he could command ten to twenty per cent advance over scale wages - — could earn it as well as demand it — he would find the Quad Printing Com¬ pany an excellent firm to work for and with. They were seeking such as he. This is not an isolated instance. As indicated, there have been many other such inquiries and answers. And it all comes to this at the last : Faithful appren¬ tices, taught by competent and faithful foremen, make the printers who are always in demand and who are gladly given the scale and more. And whether these apprentices be trained in the forests of Maine or in the shops of the Inland Printer Technical School, there is abundance of room for them, work for them, pay for them. But one question will be asked : “ Is he capable f ” R. C. M. DISCIPLINARY MEASURES. T gives us pleasure to quote the following from the pressmen’s union’s official paper, the American Pressman: The sacredness of agreement has been well defined by Omaha Typographical Union, No. 190, which disciplined four of its members and fined them $10 each for quitting work concertedly in violation of a contract. This may be put down to individualism; the bosses set it down as a secret strike, but the union had the manhood and honesty to call it $10. Action such as this would soon clarify the union horizon. All men have rights — even employers. This recalls an incident recently referred to in the Chicago daily press. A non-union man had been beaten, and haled his union antagonist before one of the courts, when it developed that not only had the latter been fined $20 by his organization, but the officers were responsible for his surrender to the authorities. The magistrate concluded the offender had been sufficiently punished for the assault and suspended sentence. Though conscious there is considerable “ hot air ” in union resolutions denouncing violence and unfair strikes, we nevertheless give unionists credence for more sincerity than the generality of people. The senselessness of such methods is recognized by the vast majority of unionists, but a false loyalty to the cause prevents them following the dictates of their best judg¬ ment. If they will but elevate offenses of this charac¬ ter from the class of those which they condemn to those for which they invariably impose pecuniary penalties, they will be doing the right thing. For years the typo¬ graphical union has imposed a fine on individuals guilty of “ jumping situations ” on newspapers. As three or four men doing practically the same thing is just as bad morally and worse materially, the punitive principle should be given wider application. W. B. P. PROFIT AND LOSS ACCOUNT. OW much does the average printer, the man whose total sales will run anywhere from $10,000 to $50,000 a year, allow for bad debts and uncollectable accounts when he sets forth the schedule of what goes to make up the basis of his estimating? One per cent? Two? Three? And how do the figures at the closing of the books compare with those that had seemed so fair and conservative a brief twelve- month ago? And, further, does it happen that the estimate is revised, increased in case losses prove greater than expected, or is cold comfort had in the thought that next year the balance must be on the other side and thus will average be found ? I suppose that at first glance two per cent will, to most printers, seem a large share to set aside as neces¬ sary to provide a fund upon which to draw when it is found that work printed for a transient customer is never called for, or an account supposedly good proves worthless, or disaster and loss overtake a trusted patron. That was chosen, however, that we might be well within the lines on all ordinary occasions and be reasonably protected if there should come severe losses in any year.* Since personal experience has been that this figure was much in excess of the actual loss, it is the more surprising to learn that many printers consider it too low. This, of course, takes no account of those printers who make no allowance for this drain and content themselves with curses when their books are cumbered with charges that can not be collected. Nor does it appear that printers stand entirely alone in this regard, though they are sometimes thought to possess almost a monopoly of laxity in business methods. But as showing what is possible by way of almost eliminating the loss from bad accounts, commend me to reports from certain of the huge combinations com¬ monly known as trusts. One of the first results of this combination has been to stop long credits and dilatory payments, and hold jobbers strictly to the letter of their * “ Starting a Printing-office,” Mallette & J-ackson; page 52. THE INLAND PRINTER 373 contracts. And this is in general a distinct gain to all parties concerned. It was said that under separate management there would average a loss of something more than $100,000 in the annual business, amounting to, say, $28,000,000, of the various separate factories that were afterward merged in the United States Rubber Company. As such things go, it was by no means bad, barely more than one-third of one per cent. Then the “ trust ” was formed. Methods were reformed. It became possible, according to Gilbert Holland Montague, who writes of such matters in printed but never called for. But to accomplish this means work and thought unceasing, the sharp collec¬ tion of all accounts of more than a certain specified age, and refusal to extend credit to persons from whom there is reason to believe that money will not be forth¬ coming. It may mean the loss of a customer now and then, perhaps ; but such are better lost than retained. It means courteous but firm adherence to the rule which should be a part of the routine of every printing- office in all this broad land, that orders from strangers must be accompanied by a deposit of from one-third to “ Trusts of To-day,” to market $28,000,000 worth of the product of these same mills at a bad-debt loss of a paltry $1,000 — a fraction of percentage that only deci¬ mals can fluently express. A companion to this was the record of the American Steel and Wire Company. Dissatisfied with its former clean showing of a loss no greater than one-half of one per cent, its officers labored until they were able to declare with justifiable pride that of its gross sales, enormous as they were, only one twenty-fifth of one per cent was charged to profit and loss. Now, no printer can equal that, or hope to approach it even measurably. If he can find, year after year, that his losses in the way of work spoiled or unpaid do not exceed one per cent, he will have much to be thankful for ; his lot is better than that of the average man of types. This is to include both accounts uncol¬ lectable and rebates or allowances made to customers for any reason ; work spoiled wholly or in part ; jobs one-half the price of the finished job, the balance to be paid when the work is finished and taken away. It means also greater amount of ready cash for the printer, the possibility of discounting bills, of buying at closer figures, of effecting a double saving by lower¬ ing the total of losses and raising the total of cash discounts. And is not the latter sufficient to outweigh twice all that can be put into the other side of the balance? Then strive to attain it! R. C. M. WE REGRET TO REPORT. The boss he blamed the foreman, and the foreman blamed the comp.. And the comp, he cast his eyes upon the copy that he set. While he called upon the devil to rake among the proofs, And he wagered all his wages — but no one took the bet. He vowed he set the stuff O. K.: “a pi-line at the head.” The foreman swore till all was blue, and this is what he said, '■ Kuzbvoisckgwcziplaewkyzvischkosky,” said he, 374 THE INLAND PRINTER INSTRUCTING APPRENTICES. HE apprenticeship question is coming to the front again and we hear rumblings of it in the oft-put query as to where working printers are coming from. Heretofore the journeyman has troubled himself about apprentices mainly because he was apprehensive con¬ cerning the opportunities for the ever-increasing army of printers to eke out a livelihood. Over fifty years ago the National (now International) Typographical Union declared that “ printers were being made too quickly in this country.” Compared with conditions in other trades of equal skill, the ranks of journeymen printers have been overcrowded, at least in the printing centers. The “ sub.” system was in part responsible for this, and in the later years of hand composition the free-for-all subbing regulations produced a large number of compositors who just about managed to make ends meet. They held on, hoping that fortune would smile on them in the shape of “ cases ” or at least extras, and meantime willing to accept a few weeks’ work in the despised book and job rooms. In those days an employer always knew where he could get men in an emergency. The subbing system kept them on hand to be used when needed, much as more perishable commodities are kept in cold storage. Though we shall have periods when there will be a surplusage of idle men, history is not likely to repeat itself in this respect, and, year in and year out, there will not be a reserve force of subs, to draw from. There are still subs, in newspaper offices, but they are operators and comparatively few in number. They do not wish to work as hand compositors, and employ¬ ers are not anxious to experiment with them — as their work is of a character operators have little knowledge of. Neither do employers wish to bother with appren¬ tices as much as they did of yore, for the material incentive is lacking. Previously the former clamored for apprentices because he wanted to use cheap labor on a class of composition that is now done on machines, and if an occasional boy displayed an aptitude for the higher grades of work, he was “ given a show.” In short, he was put at the branch of the business at which he could be utilized most profitably. This suited the boys, as a rule, and if the employer did not do it of his own volition, they would have forced him to by leaving and seeking jobs at their best-paying specialty. Neverthe¬ less, boys were exploited rather than taught the trade, and it is astonishing that the exploiter should express surprise if the supply of all-round printers is not equal to the demand, seemingly oblivious of the fact that his class was an important factor in bringing this condition about. Now that straight matter is set on machines requiring a degree of experience and skill, and the remaining work is of a higher grade than heretofore, the employer is less disposed to have boys. There are other causes working to the same end, among them the specialization constantly going on, costlv machin¬ ery and high rents which compel the utilization of space and time to the best advantage, so that the making of thoroughgoing journeymen in composing- rooms is becoming a thing of the past. The few offices in which the effort is made are such conspicuous ex¬ ceptions that they serve principally to prove the rule and as reminders of the bygone methods, their output of men having no appreciable effect on the market. This has been more or less the case for many years, but the pressure has been relieved by the influx of young men from the smaller towns and villages, who, after serving in the hard school of experience, devel¬ oped into the most expert of our city printers. The ranks will continue to be recruited from the same source, but hardly to the same extent, relatively, as in the past. The roseate pictures painted of life under the sub. system — the flavor of bohemianism given it and exaggerated stories of the “ bills ” made — drew thousands of so-called “ country printers ” from their happy homes. The more serious-minded and ambitious rightly saw in this system a means whereby they could better their fortunes. If they did not succeed in “ catching' on ” in a jobroom, they could fall back on an occasional day’s subbing to keep body and soul together until they had an opportunity to demonstrate their ability as job-men. Then there was a close rela¬ tionship between the work the “ country printer ” had done at home and what was expected of him on a city daily, and, the rule being piece work, if he showed a disposition to learn he was allowed to remain. But now not only is there a great disparity between the character of the work in the two classes of offices, but time work prevails and much capital is invested in machines, consequently the foreman is compelled ; to subordinate his sympathies to business necessities. ; If the young man’s work does not prove satisfactory, |he is told of it in a few hours, or days at the most. Shoihld the foreman be a lover of his kind, he may examine the work, point out its defects, and tell the disappointed youngster to go back to the country and perfect him¬ self before he essays to “ stick ” a daily paper again. These are some of the reasons that lead to the con¬ clusion that the ranks of the journeymen printers will not be as crowded as they have been. From a human¬ itarian standpoint, this is desirable. Some of the men who complain of the impossibility of securing workers would find the situation relieved if they would increase their wage rate or improve shop conditions. The workingman is being told continually that he must be amenable to the immutable law of supply and demand ; it seems some employers think they are superior to it, but they are not. If things go on in the next decade as they have in the past ten years, securing printers will be a real problem. Granted that when labor is scarce wages are sure to ascend, but there is a point under our present industrial system beyond which wages can not safely go, though we are far from that stage in the book and job trades. By that I mean that wages could be much higher before the total volume of work would be detrimentally affected. But the problem is in the air. There is before me an THE INLAND PRINTER 375 article by an employer on the subject, and two mem¬ bers of the union ask the writer how the organization is going to fulfil its moral obligation to furnish com¬ petent men. One of the delegates at the last conven¬ tion of the typographical union said, in advocacy of relaxing restrictions on apprentices, that the organi¬ zation should be preparing for such an emergency, which he predicted would follow in the wake of the next revival of trade, he evidently being a believer in the theory that “good times” and “hard times” travel in more or less well-defined cycles. But how is the union to meet the issue? To increase the ratio of apprentices to journeymen with¬ out employers doing their full duty by the boys would not prove a remedy. What has happened would be repeated — men displaced by boys, who in turn would be exploited for the apprenticeship period, with no attempt made to teach them the trade, and the expected harvest of competent printers would not materialize. The resultant effects of such a policy would be to flood the market with indifferent workmen, creating a men¬ ace to wages and hampering the employer. There are •other manifestations of the feeling that something- should be done. It has recently been made incumbent on typographical unions to “ define the grade and •classes of work which apprentices must be taught,” which is a good thing in its way, but its enforcement depends upon the employers — • even where unions are wide-awake enough to make the matter an issue. Among the obstacles to be met in carrying out such a program it is only necessary to mention the obvious one that an office could not be expected to teach a boy •classes of work it did not undertake to do. As practical a step as any on the right road is the series of lectures to apprentices given under the aus¬ pices of Chicago Typographical Union. This credit¬ able project could be profitably emulated by other unions, and it suggests a feasible solution of one phase of the good-printer question. It is a step toward the trade-school idea, and we seem to be drifting in the direction of supplementing work in the office or shop by courses in technical or trade schools. If employers who hire boys refuse or neglect to teach them the trade — ■ and others will not have them — does not this sup¬ plemental education fill a void? It may even prove better than the old system. The Chicago application of the idea is crude as yet, but it may be developed to a beneficent institution, and that thoroughly and quickly if the employers will lend a helping hand. They should do so ; primarily because without their assistance a full measure of success can never be attained — nor could they succeed fully in a similar venture without the union’s cooperation ; secondly, their sense of craft patriotism should be so acute they would not permit the union to undertake a work of this kind, the benefits of which will be diffused throughout the craft, with¬ out giving it effective encouragement. This is a matter of common concern, and the typothetse and union •ought to get together on the proposition. There is no good reason why they should not. If these organ¬ izations came in contact with one another more fre¬ quently on such questions there would be much less acrimony, fewer misunderstandings and less danger of explosions when they met to thresh out differences. _ W. B. P. PRINTERS’ STATIONERY. HERE is a trenchant saying in the law, “ He who pleads his own cause has a fool for a client,” referring with equal force to the lawyer who attempts to conduct his own prosecution or defense and the lay¬ man who seeks to do quite without the aid of any man of law whatever. Because of the never absent personal equation, or for other reasons of less import, the out¬ come of this attempt is seldom wholly pleasing or satisfactory to him who essays it. In like measure may it be said that the printer who prints for all the world and does it well is apt not to produce for himself such results as are to be desired fully and without reserva¬ tion. Exceptions there are, surely ; but the rule is thereby given strength rather than disproof. This applies in some sort to most of the matter that goes out for advertising the office and its facilities, but most sharply does it touch that class known as stationery, and of this notably letter-heads and envelopes. Take up a handful of headings as used by printers whose shops are as far sundered as goes the circulation of The Inland Printer — a dozen, two-score, a hundred if you like, the proportion will scarcely vary. Examine them closely. Two things are manifest: The surpris¬ ing diversity of coloring and design ; the failure of so great a share of them to approach even measurably the canons of good taste and sound judgment in matters typographic. Now, I hold that a printer should print his own stationery. Should he be of the favored few who con¬ duct under one roof both printing and lithographing and engraving establishments, it were not unwise that type headings be alternated or supplemented by those from the stone or the plate ; but the type should still have its due proportion of attention. And as for that vastly greater number who are but printers and print, they ought never to depart from the design of type. A steel die heading is handsome and it is also expen¬ sive ; but it is not printing and seems to me to have no true place on the paper of a printer. Much less the lithograph or the etched zinc plate. The printer should be alive to his opportunities, however. He should vary his -display. He should avail himself of the creations of the founder, the pro¬ ductions of the papermaker and the skill of the ink- mixer, and press all these into service for himself as he does for his customers, and more. Does he pur¬ chase a new series of type especially suited to stationery headings or cards or booklets? Let him show it on his own paper or cards or booklets first of all. Let it be shown in pleasing combinations, the paper and the color of ink being chosen with special regard for the 376 THE INLAND PRINTER needs of this particular piece of work, displaying it otherwise excellent printers — use paper and envelopes to best possible advantage. Suggest possibilities of that match, each the other, in color and texture and its use to customers present and prospective. Show design of typography. Print but few at a time, that Copyright, .904. by N. J. Quirk. IMPERIAL JAPANESE BATTLESHIP HATSUSE. 15,240 tons (English built). Flagship of Admiral Togo in first attack on Port Arthur, February 9, 1904. wherein a heading in this type will prove more pleasing than the continued use of an old favorite. And follow the style consistently throughout the whole range of stationery needed in the carrying on of the office. Above all — and this is a matter that seems to have escaped attention at the hands of some there may not be cause for regret if it is soon desired to change to a newer style when more type is bought with the increasing profits of the rightly conducted business. I can see no reason why printers should not follow the example set by the founders and add a line to such THE INLAND PRINTER 377 stationery showing that the type used thereon is new, stylish, popular, and has just been laid in their offices. It will be seen even if set in microscopic gothic, and can not fail to arouse comment. It might be well also to enclose in letters going to customers a slip showing the various sizes of the type and containing one or two carefully prepared suggestions as to its proper use. Cost considered, this will be found one of the very best means of advertising the possibilities of the equipment of the office and the brains and skill of its directors and its workmen. Nor would I have the printer adhere to one style of display, however excellent it may have been and still appears. It is trite to say that a design suited to one face of type may be utterly unsuited to another ; yet printers there be, here and yonder, who in resetting their stationery do not otherwise than employ different type without alteration of the motive of display — a solecism too frequent to cause remark save at sight of a more glaring example. And it is well to rewrite the wording occasionally. Say you that this can not be done, that a letter-head is a stereotyped affair and naught new can be written for it? Not so. The elision of needless words, the clarifying of phrase or sentence by substitution of more apt or seemly language — and a new meaning is given the entire matter ! But further : Special features for the printer there be in these days that need be mentioned now or passed in silence later ; changing conditions that have emphasis or oblivion as seasons come or go. Here is surely opportunity for writing and rewriting the heading ! And while I am hesitant as to offering advice that concerns this matter and its display — for does not each master printer and each journeyman who handles copy of stationery for “ the boss ” know better than all others what to say and how to set it? Yea, verily! — I dare add that the prevalent tendency is to overload the sheet with words and colors and intricate com¬ position, sometimes almost barbaric in its splendor. There is about it an affectation, a straining for effects that were better unattained and unsought. Be simple, natural ! Say little. Use few and well-chosen colors. Take extremest care that the story there is to be told in this way be told logically and truly ; that the intro¬ duction of the type, and the exordium of the words and their setting forth, and the peroration of the har¬ mony of ink-shade and paper-shade are fitly joined together, a perfect whole. Then will be heard no more the reproachful saying that printers may perhaps be able to devise good printing for others, but can not for themselves. R. C. M. LEARNS NEW SCHEMES FROM IT. I have been a reader and a single-copy subscriber of The Inland Printer since 1892, and have many bound volumes. I find it the best way for a printer to keep up with the times, and I learn many new schemes each issue. — Leonard W. Jones, Boonville, Neiu York. A FABLE IN SLANG. There was once a Bunch of Craftsmen called Pressmen. Some of these Ink Slingers were Real Goods, Artists Par Ex., who could Accomplish Wonders with a Bum Cut. These Spirits of ’76 were Long Since Next to the Mysteries of Diluted Lamp Black, 20 cents per lb., and could tell Linseed Oil from Kerosene by the Sense of Smell ; a Bad Electro to them was Pie; these Strenuous Ones liked to Show their Skill and had Lots of It up their Sleeves. Long past the days of Being Afflicted with an Abnormal Top, their Uppers were crowded to Standing Room with formulas, recipes and Why, When and How to Do It. While not Students from the Latin Quarter, they had Color Schemes Galore. They had the Touch, they were Wise to all the Safe Combinations, hence the term Crackerjack. To Sum Up, they Knew All The Works. There was another Contingent of Good but not Infallible Press Fixers. These were the Every Day boys. They Stood High on the Per Capita Round Up and had Quite Some names on the Charter. Some never Got the Show to Get up on the very Top ; some lacked Ambition, and Some were satisfied to let Well Enough alone, as long as the Wherewith material¬ ized. Some could Pass up if they cared to Knock, but of two Evils they choose not the Hammer. These All Right boys cared naught for Masterpieces and their Run was free from Worry and Work-up. They believed in Preserving their Slats while on this Wandering Mud Ball, till the Final Wash-up. And now the Come Ons; some of these New Ones make up in Gall what they lack in Talent — Understudies who are Chesty and imagine themselves Leading Men. It is Good to Think that way if you can Deliver the Goods. Among these are a few Hardly Abies, who had Received the Scale in some Bedroom Printery and Annexed a Working Card. Now they are expected to Make Good and an Inconsiderate Boss will Fire them. The more Fortunate Ones should try and Place these Yearlings and Boost their Game, since they have the card which Proves they can cop the Scale on. some Class of Work. A Little Advice to the Also Rans : In Making a Front the general Architecture may be O. K., but look well to the Inte¬ rior Decorations on the Top Floor. Pull yourself Together and say I Will like Chicago did when that Vaudeville Show played in Jackson Park. You’ve Got a Card and Belong to the Union. That Ain’t All that’s Required. You’ll Have to Hurry and get used to Hard Knocks like your Elders did. Of course you can’t expect to be a Phenom. right away. Remember they can Steal your Money, Burn your House, but what you’ve Got in Your Block is Yours. A word to The Wise is plenty. Get Wise. Be a Bell Cow. Talk Shop ; you need it. Talk it with some one Who Knows more than you do. Abstain from the Excessive Use of liquor, hot air and Late Hours, and some one will Appreciate your Ready Wit and give you a Steady Graft. Get Wise. Moral. — Hitch your Auto to a Star. — American Pressman. THE OMNIPRESENT REPORTER. It is said that a reporter who had been assigned to talk with an American millionaire on an important question was repeatedly refused admittance to his house. Then he sought out a senator who was a personal friend of the millionaire, and petitioned his aid. Armed with the senator’s card, he returned to the million¬ aire’s house, and sent in his talisman. This time he was admitted. “ Young man,” said the millionaire, “ do you know that sixteen reporters have called upon me to-day about this very question, and that I have refused to see them all?” “ I ought to know it, sir,” responded the visitor, “ for I am the whole sixteen.” YOUNG APRIL. From flash-light by George S. Hutchinson, Randolph, Vermont. Engraved by Inland-Walton Engraving Company. THE INLAND PRINTER 379 COMPLIMENTARY. To the Editor: Spokane, Wash., April 3, 1904. Seldom does one see simplicity in composition so well mas¬ tered as shown in Portfolio No. 2 of your commercial specimen series. The tendency to overdo any part of the -construction of the thirty-eight samples shown has been eliminated in every instance. To my way of thinking, every specimen shows clearly that the job was produced effectively and at a reason- .able cost to obtain the best results possible. The colors are in keeping with the stock used, and the type ■selection and margins well taken care of, showing conclusively that the compositor well knew what he was going to do before he handled a type or rule. The wash-drawing, three-color process and half-tone in¬ serts are equally valuable in connection with good typography. However well a job may be set or a set of plates printed, the whole can be ruined in the pressroom, even though the colors were rightly selected. “ The Half-tone Screen and Its Relation to Paper,” show¬ ing the same set of cuts printed on different grades and weights of paper, contains a study seldom offered to any one ■ connected with the printing trades. Edward W. Stutes. AD. -WRITING NOT FOR PRINTERS. To the Editor: Punxsutawney, Pa., April 17, 1904. Though not a subscriber to your valuable journal, I have “been a reader of it for the past eight years, getting it each month from the local news stand. I consider it as much of a necessity to my success as a printer as food is necessary to my health — in fact, I do not see how any up-to-date printer •can get along without it. But why I write you is this : In nearly every magazine I pick up I notice advertisements of correspondence courses in various things, and those that have particularly attracted my attention are the courses in “ ad. -writing ” which so many printers are taking up. Now, while such a course may be all right and a good thing for some people, I think, as a rule, printers should let it alone — or, in other words, leave it to the clerks and young business men whom it more directly concerns. In my opinion printers who want to take a special course of instruction should confine their studies to something that would be of more direct benefit to them, as, for instance, ad. and job composition, presswork, etc., as given in the Inland Printer Technical School. . There are hundreds of printers to-day who have yet much to learn. Printers, as a rule, are none too liberal in giving away to fellow workmen information which it has taken them long years of hard work to learn by experience. I know a number of printers who have taken up courses in ad.-writing but have yet to learn of one of them finding a better position at ad.-writing than at printing. Of course there may be some outside of my circle of acquaintances who do make a success of it, but I believe that the number of suc¬ cessful ones would amount to less than two per cent of those ■who take the course, while the same/ amount of money expended in making themselves better printers would certainly bring better results. For my own part I have, as I stated before, been a student of The Inland Printer for the past eight years, and it has helped me perhaps more than anything else to gain my present position as foreman of the best printing-office in this section of the State. Besides I have for the past few years devoted considerable of my spare time to experimenting in engraving in connection with printing, or what I call “ Peno-Prints,” a combination of penwork and printing. My success in that line may be judged from the card which I enclose. In conclusion, I wish to say that I believe printers should leave ad.-writing to the clerks, who are more in line with that work, and devote more of their time and money — if they have the latter to spare — toward making themselves better printers. B. F. Harlan. [A knowledge of ad.-writing, we believe, would be valu¬ able to printers. See Mr. Greenleaf’s contribution elsewhere in this issue. — Editor.] REASONABLE PROFIT. To the Editor: Newark, N. J., April 28, 1904. A little incident came to our attention recently which goes to show the lack of knowledge possessed by the employe regarding the cost of printing, and his idea of the profit. One of our highest paid compositors, and a stockholder in Our company, placed an order with us for five hundred orders of dance, size 2>Vi by 6, printed two sides on extra thick translucent bristol, hole punched at top and strung with cord and tassel. We billed the job at $7. Our employe-cus¬ tomer said we made a mistake and that it should not cost over $5, and to prove it, itemized the job as follows : Stock . $ 0 75 Cutting . 15 Proofreading and make-up . 25 Presswork . 50 Punching, stringing and strings . 1 75 $4 90 While he made a mistake in the composition, as it took three and a half hours, and in the presswork, as it was done in two impressions, and also the punching, stringing and strings, we waived these differences by asking him where our profit came in (accepting his figures as correct), and he told us that we made over fifty per cent on the composition, press- work and binding. All of which goes to show, as we stated above, the lack of knowledge possessed by the employe regard¬ ing the cost of printing, and his idea of the profit. A better knowledge on the part of employes of where the pay-roll comes from might cause them to hesitate before demanding an eight-hour day. Yours truly, The Baker Printing Co., Wm. A. Baker, President. TO W. B. PRESCOTT. To the Editor: St. Louis, Mo., April n, 1904. The identity of the person criticized by Mr. W. B. Prescott on pages 65 and 66 of the April Inland Printer is, of course, known to those of your readers who also subscribe for the Typographical Journal. Those who have not heretofore pos¬ sessed this information are hereby placed on even terms. The correspondence containing the objectionable, paragraph was printed over my signature, as has been and will continue to be my invariable rule. A perusal of Mr. Prescott’s letter dem¬ onstrates that he knew he was not making reply to an anony¬ mous writer. It therefore remains that he must have had another reason for eschewing mention of my name and refer¬ ring to me through the medium of the caption of my corre¬ spondence. Ignorance of identity having been removed as a 380 THE INLAND PRINTER possible purpose, I judge it to have been in the interest of sarcasm. Inasmuch as I do not regard the immoderate use of adjectives, invective or sarcastic phrases as constituting logic, I shall speak to Brother Prescott plainly so that “he who runs may read.” My fellow craftsman misunderstood the offending para¬ graph, and to set him right in the matter I shall analyze it. My meaning is that I do. not consider it becoming in a member of an organization — much less one who has been the recipient of its highest honors — to discuss and call attention to alleged defects in its organic law before persons not members thereof. Mr. Prescott’s facile pen, when confined to the discussion of technical matters, in The Inland Printer, will receive only my heartiest approbation. The fact must not be lost sight of, however, that the laws of an organization are made by the majority — absolutely so as regards the International Typo¬ graphical Union, since all changes are adopted by the refer¬ endum — and the will of the majority is the foundation of all voluntary human government. The only proper place to agi¬ tate for desired changes in laws is among the persons who make them. There is nothing personal in the position I take. Mr. Prescott has been told by members of the I. T. U. that they did not indorse his course. If I have been the first to say so in print, I am willing to bear the odium. It is only by the wildest flight of the imagination that my objectionable remarks can be held to indicate hostility toward the master printer. I append the following as tending to prove his mistake : “Proposition No. 56. — By Mr. Dirks (St. Louis): “Resolved, That the International Typographical Union extend an invitation to the United Typo theta: to send a rep¬ resentative to the conventions of this body, with enjoyment of the same courtesies as are conferred upon the representative of the American Newspaper Publishers’ Association.” — Page 104, Typographical Journal, October, 1903, proceedings of forty-ninth session of International Typographical Union. I was not a delegate to the convention, but my desire for a harmonious understanding between employer and employe was so strong that I exercised my privilege and submitted the resolution through the secretary. Mr. Prescott’s reference in the closing paragraph of his letter to a decision he made while president of the I. T. U. (without which “ it is among the possibilities the serio-comic gentleman would be without a card to-day, for he was close to if not among those thought to be ‘unfit’”), like all human actions, must have had a motive. The correct one in this instance I decide to be that of a conviction on Mr. Prescott’s part that I am under obligation not to criticize. If this be true, the matter resolves itself into two conclusions — (1) If he rendered his decision in strict accordance with the law, I am not his debtor. (2) If his decision was not lawful, but made to favor me, he violated his oath of office. In either case his reference has not furnished logic in inveighing against my commission of the unpardonable crime of “ lese majeste,” but discredits himself. “ It is possible I was mistaken,” says he, discussing the decision, “ and the criticisms may have been deserved, but I continued to insist on justice being meted out to the individuals.” I quote the concluding paragraph of a letter written to me by Mr. Prescott on this subject, dated “ 1914 W. North ave., Baltimore, Md., April 11, 1903,” as follows : “If No. 198 or any of its members or ex-members are aspersing your standing as a union man on account of these happenings of seven years ago, all I can say is that it is unjust, slanderous and scandalous.” If he (Mr. Prescott) has changed his opinion since last spring, I have committed no act to cause the revulsion, unless it be my temerity in daring to criticize him. His reference to the decision offers no more logic on the main point at issue than does his liberal use of invective. Respectfully, J. J. Dirks. PRINTER APPRENTICES ORGANIZE, To the Editor: St. Louis, Mo., May 5, 1904. About one year ago there was organized in this city the St. Louis Printer Apprentices’ Society, composed of printer apprentices, as the name implies. The meeting for the pur¬ pose of organizing was called by Mr. Joseph A. Jackson, president of Typographical Union No. 8. In urging the apprentices to organize and the benefit to be derived there¬ from, Mr. Jackson stated that it was his idea that such an organization would result in the apprentices developing into journeymen with a greater and more varied knowledge of JOSEPH A! JACKSON, President, St. Louis Typographical Union, No. 8. printing than they would otherwise possess. He stated that he received complaints quite frequently that the apprentices after completing their term of apprenticeship were not up to the standard, and that the union admitted persons to member¬ ship before they were competent; that he had recently come from a meeting of employers and journeymen, and that great stress was laid on this point in connection with the question for which the meeting was called ; that not all the proprietors held this view, as some contended that if the proprietor or foreman took pride in seeing that his apprentices made first- class journeymen it was an easy matter, as all that was neces¬ sary was to give the apprentice the opportunity and to advance him from time to time in the different branches of work, and not to keep him distributing or setting straight matter, or locking up, or at any one thing during his entire term of apprenticeship just because he happened to prove apt at the first thing he was taught to do ; that while more money was made out of the boy this way for the time being, more money would be made in the long run by teaching the boy the trade properly. Mr. Jackson said it was his desire to prove to the proprie¬ tors that it was the way in which a boy was taught the trade that unions objected to, and that he thought the question of the number of apprentices one office should have would be of secondary consideration if the men and the proprietor would only agree on the various stages of a boy’s apprenticeship — that no union man was afraid of a first-class printer. He urged upon the boys their duty to the proprietor, the journey¬ man and themselves, and also stated what he believed to be the duty of the proprietor and the journeyman to the appren¬ tice : that it was the duty of the journeyman to teach the apprentice and the duty of the apprentice to be respectful and obedient, the apprentice, however, to understand that respect THE INLAND PRINTER 381 was only due to those whose actions commanded it. He also stated that it was his idea that the boys should get together and discuss samples of work; the proper way to lock up and impose forms; hear lectures from journeymen occasionally; get the proprietor interested so as to deliver lectures ; have papers read on designing, drawing, folding, margins, colors and estimating; in short, everything pertaining to printing for the advanced apprentice and those just beginning the trade. The president of No. 8 informs me that he made the request in writing to those proprietors who had grievances ■on the apprenticeship question that they meet with him and endeavor to adjust matters to their satisfaction, and that he would favor any plan that .would assure the boy being given every opportunity to become a competent all-round journey¬ man, but that so far he had heard nothing from the “ kick¬ ers ” ; he however hoped to take the matter up in the fall when the scale conference would come up, and that it would not be the fault of the union if ample provisions were not made for the protection of offices against the turning out of incompetent journeymen after a boy had served his appren¬ ticeship — that it was up to the proprietor as far as willingness to teach the boy properly was concerned. And now that The Inland Printer has taken the matter up with the Chicago Typographical Union, I am in hopes that the proprietors of offices in this city will follow the example •of the Chicago proprietors, give encouragement to the move¬ ment by their actions, and help make the future printer come up to their ideal. It was to try the outcome of organizing for the above pur¬ pose that the Apprentice Society came into existence. Offi- STEPHEN C. TAMMANY, President, St. Louis Printer Apprentices’ Society. ■cers were elected, and in order to make our meetings run smoothly the study of parliamentary law was taken up, and from the comprehensive manner with which the subject was grasped it proves that those of us who take a pride in out¬ work have only to be “ shown ” in order to grasp the intri- ■cacies of the “ art preservative.” Our meetings are held monthly. So far one or two social functions have been held, in order to have a little diversion in our companionship. We are adding members to the roll monthly, now that we have been in existence for a while, as it has been demonstrated to those apprentices who were timid about joining at the outset that the society can spell nothing but benefit to them. When we get a little more money in our treasury we hope to be able to purchase the paraphernalia necessary for stereop- ticon lectures, as is described in The Inland Printer. Of course we are doing everything we can to help ourselves, and we hope to have the assistance of all those who are interested in the printer of the future being up to the standard of the printer of the .past, if not his superior, in workmanship. We hope and believe that the Typothetse and typographical unions throughout the country will sooner or later — let it be soon — take up the idea set in motion by St. Louis and Chi¬ cago unions through their presidents, that will forever settle this apprenticeship question. At any rate, from what I can glean from the journeymen, they are willing, and from what I have read in the trade journals the proprietors have long SEBASTIAN MUELLER, Vice-President, St. Louis Printer Apprentices’ Association. been seeking just such an opportunity, and if these statements from both sides be true, I can not see what is to prevent them coming to some agreement. Do not destroy us between the millstones of willingness. Come together and give us a lesson right at the start, and show us that you are sincere in wishing us well and in your desires to see us become competent work¬ men. We will do our share. The lectures which appeared in The Inland Printer have been read at our meetings and steps taken to procure copies in pamphlet form. Possibly we can make arrangements to get slides from you and give stereopticon views as soon as we get the necessaries. At our March meeting we organized an International Apprentices’ Society, its object being to exchange lectures, etc., with other apprentices’ societies that are sure to come into existence in the near future. We are in hope that some friend in both the International Typographical Union and the National Typothetse convention will introduce a resolution looking to the coming together of representatives of both parties for the purpose of carrying out the good work com¬ menced for the proper teaching of apprentices. Respectfully, Stephen C. Tammany, President, St. Louis Printer Apprentices’ Society. A SCOOP. One day a well-known politician was enjoying a chat with a friend at a London hotel, when a strange young man came up and said : “ Can I see you for a moment, Mr. Dash? ” “ Certainly,” answered Mr. Dash, rising. The young man led him across the room and seemed to have something important to say to him. Arrived in a corner, the stranger whispered in the politician’s ear : “ I am on the staff of an evening paper, and I should like you to tell me what you think of the situation in the East.” Mr. Dash looked a little puzzled at first, then he said : “ Follow me.” And leading the way, he walked through the reading-room, down some steps into the drawing-room, through a long pas¬ sage into the dining-room, and, drawing his visitor into the corner, behind the hat rack, he whispered : “ I really don’t know anything about it! ” — Spare Moments. 382 THE INLAND PRINTER Written for The Inland Printer. POETS AND HUMORISTS OF THE AMERICAN PRESS. PROBABLY the most distinctively American feature of our daily press is that represented by the work of its poets, humorists and paragraphers. Day after day and month after month these writers fill their allotted space with wit and humor, satire and epigram, pathos and prophecy. Where under these exacting conditions quantity does not shortly result in deterioration of quality, there you have the mark of a genius. If it is true — and who doubts it? — that we are a nation of optimists, it must in no small measure be credited to the Vice-President, American Press Humorists, humorous lecturer, and humorist of the Baltimore American. daily words of brightness and cheer that in the morning’s paper tend to start the day aright, and in the evening’s sheet help to efface the memory of the rough places in the day’s journey. The importance of this feature of our journalism is evi¬ denced by the increasing number of influential dailies that are catering to the public taste for a relish as well as the sub- stantials in the daily bill-of-fare. That the readers of The Inland Printer may know some¬ thing of the personality of these men with whose work they are more or less familiar, there will appear from time to time short sketches — biographical or autobiographical — together with extracts from their work appearing in the foremost dailies in this country. Strickland W. Gillilan, the subject of the present auto¬ biography, thus describes himself : “ I am eighteen hands high, golden sorrel in color, indif¬ ferently city broke owing to my tendency to shy at the cars. Raw-boned and rangy in build, bad action, fairly good dispo¬ sition except when excited ; then excessively stubborn with a proclivity for bolting. Good feeder, fair traveler, better as roadster than at heavy draft. Work best double. Gait between pace and canter — indescribable. Always balk under the whip. Go best when given free rein. Sometimes take bits in my teeth but never break anything except a few good resolutions. Country bred, grooming neglected in colthood, and still sensi¬ tive to currycomb and brush. Have been in harness too long to appreciate pasture. Often look at the grass as I trot by and wonder how it would feel to be turned out. “ That would be the truth if I were a horse. The fact that I am otherwise, however, detracts little if anything from the accuracy of the picture. For I’ve been playing horse in one form or another a long time. “ Native of southern Ohio, Jackson county, to be particu¬ larly spiteful. Nearly thirty-five, which is ten years younger than I look and twenty years older than I feel and act. Parents’ reputation good previous to my being made public. Worked on a farm, also on my mother’s sympathies, Culti¬ vated corn and an enlarged variety of feet. I have the latter yet, decorated with samples of the former. Always dodged husking in the fall by pleading zeal for education. Dodged study without any plea. Learned early how to make a smat¬ tering pass for profundity. Any boy who grows up on a farm without learning to keep the best and reddest apples on top- of the basket is a hopeless case. Couldn’t learn at school, so gave up ever knowing anything and went to teaching. I suc¬ ceeded. Between teaching terms, in order to get rid of the plethora of money I obtained by earning (?) $35 per month, I attended college. Toward the last, when I had tried all the experiments I could think of in the way of getting even with my fellow students for the hazing I got when I was an onion, I took a few studies. Forget the subjects now. Forgot the less important details sooner. This was at Athens, Ohio. Most of the damage I did there has been repaired in the twelve years that have elapsed since my untimely departure. There will be some more to repair when the faculty sees that I have confessed publicly that I was once there as a patient. The worst of it is, I can prove I was there. ‘‘ Reaching my junior year and the procession of slatted box-cars at precisely the same moment, I yearned to become self-supporting or die, I didn’t care which. There is so little difference between leaving one’s salad days and getting off the earth, that it is hard for me to tell which I did. I began stealing money from the Richmond (Ind.) Telegram, in sur¬ reptitious doses of $6 every week. I concealed my wealth so effectively that no one who saw me knew I had money. Out of that amount I roomed, boarded and clothed myself. With what I had left over I bought bicycles, golf clubs, brass andirons, antique bric-a-brac, natural gas stock and gambled in wheat. Bloated with my success, I struck, and was raised to $7. Ever since, I have favored arbitration. Strikes are such cruel things. I think that extra dollar a week started the paper to totter. It died about a year later. Afterward I worked on the Richmond Palladium. Please omit the word “ on ” in the preceding sentence. Then I went to Marion, Indiana, and helped start a paper now dead. Then I went to California and spread rhythmic salve for the Los Angeles Herald. Have been with the Baltimore American since December, 1902. Have also been doing lecture platform stunts since 1898. The “ Off Agin, On Agin, Gone Agin, Finnigin ” verses in New York Life some seven or eight years ago are responsible for starting me on that tack. Like the work. There’s good money in it, and it isn’t so cold-blooded a rob¬ bery as the Standard Oil Company. I wish it were, so Ida M. Tarbell would write me up in McClure’s. For that’s good advertising. “ I am under the management of the Redpath Bureau of Boston. I write some awfully good things. But nobody laughs at them. Then I write a lot of rotten things and people split their sides over them. People aren’t good judges of stuff. But it’s their judgment that brings in the elongated verdant. We strive to please. THE INLAND PRINTER 383 I have no bad habits except excessive garrulity. We ln’t afford vice on the farm, and I’ve never had time to as the poet should have said. It may be moral s l to all rules in this) is a that I don’t think I have < enjoy it so well as I enjoy I ACCENTED MODERN JOB TYPE. Charles W. McLaughlin, Brooklyn, New York, : In discussing the need for accented modern job letters, two business conditions in our country and who is familiar with, or possesses a practical knowledge of, the change from the old fashion of type bodies to that of the point system in modern First, that with the accession of the islands of Porto Rico, uam and the Philippines as territory of the United States, outh American countries, in all of which the Spanish lan- .lage is in general use, a large and growing demand for nited States ; and not alone for periodicals and books, but Second, that in doing work of this 1 rstem of job types, few of which have £ so that he can s I to pay the c is for the mi [ job 1 first issues modern job type f ig the accents used in the Spat ock accents on the descending : system, will prove a benefs aave little cause to regret his r .SvifeUvv.K's: . . . tote.f&WKA art <&&£ “-*■ - mercial purposes which call for the use of job types having : at all, have to be cast to order by the typefounder, great difficulty is experienced in three or four on one body as in many of the six and eight- point faces, leaves an increasing shoulder above the letter as the size of face decreases, so that in very many cases the letter breaks while the compositor is trying to cut away the shoulder - accent close to the head of the type; destroyed and time wasted before the vhen the job is accomplished the letter I a leg to stand upon. To add to the difficulty these point system types are often accent to be ’adjusted or the letters adjoining the one to be An Oddity. — We have from American Falls, Idaho, the question whether it would be proper to use a semicolon instead of the comma in “ American Falls Lodge No. 53, I. O. O. F.” It would certainly be an oddity. Why should any one ever g? An Extreme of Nice ire used in the - The word “ nice ” is- • criminating, and the occasion is given by the New York Times. That newspaper, in its Saturday literary review sec- We find every issue of The Inland Printer full of good tion, had recently the following answer to an inquiry: “Mrs. without it. — - A. B. Moulton’s book, ‘This, That, and the Other,’ was published in 1854 over the name of Ellen Louise Chandler (her maiden FULL OF GOOD THINGS. , St. Jot 384 THE INLAND PRINTER name). Somebody discovered not very long ago that many articles in periodicals were printed with the writer’s name at the end, and conceived the brilliant thought that it could not be right to say that such articles were published “ under ” the name, because they are “ over ” it. This notion found so much acceptance that now some of those who are silly enough to write about words admit that “ over a signature ” and “ under a signature ” have about equal currency. But just how might a book be “ over the name ” ? May the author’s name have been on the back cover? A Doubtful Comma. — C. W. B., Washington, D. C., writes : “ Please comment on the punctuation of the following sentence : ‘ There is one issue, and one only, on which the two great political parties of this country are divided to-day, pre- not, in printing a direct quotation from another paper referring to itself, print its own name in italics? In other words, must not a direct quotation, as distinguished from an indirect one, include within its quotation-marks the exact reproduction of what its author said? ” Answer. — A desire to be correct is very laudable, and should never be belittled by any one ; but efforts toward correctness should not be allowed to lead us into quib¬ bling over matters of no importance and not amenable to any standard of reasoning. The style of type to be used for any such purpose as the one in question is not a matter of right or wrong, but is entirely within the control of personal preference. It happens that for this particular purpose most papers do use caps and small caps though some even use the plain roman lower-case. There is no law in the case, and no principle is HIGHLAND KING. cisely as they have been divided in the past. That is the issue of Protection to American Industries and American Labor.’ It is punctuated as copy was written, but I set it without the comma after ‘ to-day.’ I claimed that the comma broke the force of the sentence, as well as the grammatical construction, and should be omitted ; but the proofreader disagreed with me and marked it in. The period and new sentence after ‘ past ’ was copy, and, though faulty construction, neither compositor nor proofreader felt warranted in changing it.” Answer. — Undoubtedly what is meant is better expressed with¬ out the comma than with it. The presence of the comma indicates a separation of sense in the clause that does not exist. Doubt could arise only as to whether the person for whom the job was printed would insist on using the comma. It is likely that he wished it to be used, or he would not have written it. At any rate, real safety lay in following copy, and that is the common practice in job-work. Style in Names of Newspapers. — J. J. R., Kansas City, Missouri, asks : “ Will you kindly give your opinion of the following to one who would be correct? Granting that the custom of a paper is to use caps and small caps when refer¬ ring to itself, and italics for a contemporary, should the paper involved, except possibly one of conventionality. Exact repro¬ duction of what an author says is a desideratum in direct quotation, but in such a matter as the one in question the type used is not what is said. Undoubtedly most newspaper pro¬ prietors or editors prefer the use of their own customary type. Rime versus Rhyme. — When an amateur etymologist rises to defend an etymological blunder he always does it with a vehemence in direct ratio to the size and absurdity of the blunder. Therefore does some young person who writes pieces for the Rochester Democrat and Chronicle make a most amus¬ ing spectacle of himself by denouncing the substitution of “ rimed ” for “ rhymed ” in an article published by the Literary Digest. “ Rime ” and “ rhyme,” he says, were once alike in sound and spelling, though distinct in derivation and meaning. That is near enough to the truth for most practical purposes, but the rash youth hastens to add that the similarity of the words “ was a source of confusion and a fault of the lan¬ guage,” and that “ to correct this fault one ‘ rime ’ came to be spelled ‘rhyme,’ and thus was marked the distinction between the two words for both the ear and the eye.” Now, a good many, even of amateur etymologists, know that all this is ridiculous nonsense, and that one “ rime ” came to be spelled THE INLAND PRINTER 385 “ rhyme ” not because anybody had ever been inconvenienced by the existence of two “ rimes,” but because certain individ¬ uals — evidently ancestors of the Rochester word sharp — evolved the crazy notion that one of the “ rimes ” was a near relation of “ rhythm,” and therefore ought to be spelled after the same cumbrous fashion. The pseudo-learning thus dis¬ played impressed a lot of people, then and since, but it never won universal acceptance, and of late there has been an almost general inclination to get back to the spelling which is at once simple and historically correct. The Rochesterian solemnly asserts that “ the orthographical forms of English words are not arbitrary or accidental,” but that “ they were adopted, some¬ times to differentiate one word from others of the same sound, more often to indicate the origin and history of the word and to illustrate its meaning, which is of very much more conse¬ quence than its mere sound, phonetic spellers to the contrary notwithstanding.” If more mistakes can be put into a single sentence than there are in that one, we should really like to see it done. — New York Times. Grammar. — I propose to consider two questions: First, why should the business man [or the proofreader] pay any attention to grammar? Second, how shall he study grammar if he decides that he wants to do so? There has been considerable difference in defining grammar. Some describe it as “ the art of writing and speaking the Eng¬ lish language correctly”; while others view it as a science. The definition once included spelling and prosody. I prefer to consider it not as an art at all, but a science, and to limit it to the arrangement of words in a sentence — “the science of the logical arrangement of words in a sentence.” A “ sentence ” is a group of words which completely expresses a thought. First of all we must choose the right words to express our meanings, and we must spell them correctly. Then we must construct our sentence so that every word shall have its exact logical relationship to every other word, and our meaning will be expressed with perfect accuracy. Now; why are minor inaccuracies in sentence structure objectionable, especially when the meaning is apparently clear enough ? If we say,, “ Referring to yopr favor just at hand, please hand catalogue to any one who would appreciate it,” the mean¬ ing can certainly be gathered in spite of the fact that we (the writer) is implied before “ referring,” and you (the person written to) is implied before “please.” No one is really misled if we say, “ It don’t, make any difference to me,” instead' of “It doesn’t make any difference.” “ Itis me” or “It’s him” is often forceful, though inelegant ; and “ between you and I ” is apparently both elegant and intelligible, even if it is not correct. The most obvious objection to these things is that they are not recognized by cultivated people, and it injures one’s pres¬ tige to appear ignorant. This applies especially to letters and advertising matter which go to educated customers. But many advertisers seem to think that if their customers are uneducated, correct English is a minor matter. The great argument for grammatical correctness applies equally to the educated and to the uneducated customer. A sentence grammatically correct is accurately logical, and a sentence grammatically incorrect is illogical and confused. The confusion may not be so great that we cannot guess the mean¬ ing; but anything that causes the mind to pause, even for the shortest possible time, on matters other than the subject in hand interferes with the sharpness of impression and the con¬ sequent effectiveness of the letter or advertisement. One slight pause may mean little or nothing; and two may produce no noticeably bad effect; but certainly an accumulation of slight inaccuracies may do untold injury by clouding the vision and destroying the clear mental impression. The chief object of grammatical knowledge and skill is absolute, logical accuracy and clearness. If one’s mind is naturally logical he will write with grammatical accuracy, and a study of grammar is not necessary; but the wording of most 3-5 business letters and many advertisements is grammatically incorrect, and therefore illogical and clouded in meaning, and so undeniably bad. Lack of clearness is due to two things : Imperfect knowl¬ edge of the values and meanings of words; and to gram¬ matical inaccuracy in the arrangement and use of words, the general meaning of which is fairly well known. Now, the exact values of words must be learned by reading or through knowledge of the world. The meanings of words are arbitrary — a matter of usage, of authority — and are to be discovered only by experience. But grammar as a science is a branch of logic. Its laws are as fixed and as inviojable as the laws of mathematics, and they have no exceptions. There are only a few of them, and usually they can be mastered. I certainly think that any educated man ought to be ashamed not to have mastered them. — Sherwin Cody, in Profitable Advertising. PRINTERS AS MIND READERS. An editor was sitting in his office one day, when a man entered whose brow was clothed with thunder. Fiercely seizing a chair, he slammed his hat on the table, hurled his umbrella on the floor, and sat down. “Are you the editor?” he asked. “ Yes.” “Can you read writing?” “ Of course.” “ Read that, then,” he said, thrusting at the editor an envel¬ ope with an inscription on it. “ B - said the editor, trying to spell it. “ That’s not a ‘ B,’ it’s an ‘ S,’ ” said the man. “ ‘ S ? ’ Oh, yes, I see. Well, it looks like ‘ Sal for Dinner,’ or ‘ Souls for Sinners,’ ” said the editor. “No, sir,” replied the man, “nothing of the sort. That’s my name — Samuel Bruner. I knew you couldn’t read. I called to see about that poem of mine you printed the other day, entitled ‘ The Surcease of Sorrow.’ ” “ I don’t remember it,” said the editor. “ Of course you don’t, because it went into the paper under the villainous title of ‘ Smearcase To-morrow.’ ” “ A blunder of the compositor, I suppose.” “Yes, sir; and that is what I am here to see you about. The way in which that poem was mutilated was simply scanda¬ lous. I haven’t slept a night since. It exposed me to derision. People think me a fool. (The editor coughed.) Let me show you. This first line, when I wrote it, read in this way : ‘ Lying by a weeping willow, underneath a gentle slope.’ That is beautiful and poetic. Now, how did your vile sheet represent it to the public ? ‘ Lying to a weeping widow, I induced her to elope.’ ‘ Weeping widow,’ mind you. A widow ! Ob, thunder and lightning ! This is too much ! ” “ It’s hard, sir, very hard,” said the editor. “ Then take the fifth verse. In the original manuscript it said, plain as daylight, ‘Take away the jingling money; it is only glittering dross.” In its printed form you make me say: “Take away the tingling honey; put some flies in for the boss.’ By George! I feel like attacking somebody with your fire shovel ! But, oh, look at the sixth verse. I wrote : ‘ I’m weary of the tossing of the ocean as it heaves.’ When I opened your paper and saw the lines transformed into ‘I’m wearing out my trousers till they are open at the knees,’ I thought that was taking it an inch too far. I fancy I have a right to murder that compositor. Where is he?” “He is out just now,” said the editor. “Come in to¬ morrow.” “I will,” said the poet, “and I will come armed.” — British and Colonial Printer and Stationer. The Inland Printer is the “Koh-i-noor” of the printing trade — -'a perfect gem .— Karl R. Moberg, Ostersund, Sweden. W* s 386 THE INLAND PRINTER %S2 i MACHINE COMPOSITIO machinists, morning, $26; assistant machinists, $22; helpers where more than one, $17, where one only, $18; machinists, evening, $23, and helpers, $15. Simplex typesetters may not be in use quite “ from pole to pole,” but from Juneau, Alaska, on the north, to Nelson, New Zealand, on the south, is a pretty good approach to it. One can not get much farther either north or south and find good-sized printing-offices. Monotype Machine Company placed 82 c 7 The Monotype is in operation in sixty-three cities of the British Isles. Eighty-five Linotypes were sold by the Mergenthaler Lino¬ type Company during the month of April. Two of these were sent to Havana, Cuba, while thirty-eight other offices made their initial instalment of Linotypes. An eight-hour day for morning and evening papers has been secured by Cincinnati (Ohio) Typographical Union. The scale calls for all overtime at price and one-half; $23 per week on evening papers and $26 per week on morning papers; covers a period of six weeks, and the instruction is given free. The supply of good Monotype operators is not equal to the demand, and no doubt many printers will take advantage of the opportunity to learn the work. Printers desiring to enter the school should address Lanston Monotype School of Instruc¬ tion, 137 West Twenty-third street, New York city. Linotypes in New Zealand. — A New Zealand correspon¬ dent writes: “In The Inland Printer recently it was said that there are several plants of more than twenty machines in New Zealand. There is only one office in New Zealand with as many as twelve machines. If it read several plants of more THE INLAND PRINTER 387 than six machines, it would have been nearer the mark. The Greymouth (New Zealand) Evening Star has installed two machines, and the Government Printing-office has installed two pica Linotype machines and two Monotype machines.” The new sort-casting attachment of the Monotype ma¬ chine is being shown at the Monotype exhibit at the St. Louis Exposition. The change from general composition to the cast¬ ing of job letter is made daily during the noon hour. PIad Trouble. — A Cleveland (Ohio) operator writes: “ The following note was left by a Linotype operator for the machinist after what was apparently an exasperating night’s work : Bob: — This iCs an unexxaggerated sample of the keFyboard on No .i. You wiCIl readily recogniez tFhat a continuance of this state of affairsC will exxxcite strong men’s nerves and make goodF subjects for depCortation to Newburg .The eazl with wChich some mats drop would be gratifying were theyF dollars; on the other hand, were we to depend fFor a living on others- weC would starve to death . C The “ boss ” maxrked me up for “ Cy ” afterF finishing Baylies . Did not knCow the whereabouts of a fifth font of Old Style so hied mCy way to the arms oFf Morpheus F C x Herr Hemse Pot-roller Pin. — W. G., an operator-machinist, writes : “ (i) The pot-cam roller-pin wears out very fast. I can not locate the trouble. There was a new one put in about three months ago and it is all worn flat on one side. If I loosen up on the spring, the pot will not lock up close, and squirts. (2) Another trouble : If you set the first-elevator screw so it has a play of one thirty-second of an inch it looks like it shaves matrices, but if put lower it seems all right.” Answer. — (1) The pot-balancing spring which supports the pot at the rear should have tension enough to keep the pot roller from riding on cam except when locking up. If the roller bearings are not broken or badly worn, the pin should not wear out so rapidly. Lubricate the roller bearings with graphite or vaselin. (2) The play in the first elevator when toes of matrices are in groove in mold should never be more than a thirty-second of an inch; less, if anything. New Typesetting Machine. — The Pulsometer Engineer¬ ing Company, of Reading, near London, England, has con¬ structed a new typesetting machine, which, although not yet placed on the market, will shortly be exhibited at the Printers’ Exhibition at Agricultural Hall, London. It has been operated at the company’s shop before a few invited guests and is said to operate satisfactorily. The principal difference between the new apparatus and other machines of this class lies in the arrangement of the type reservoirs, which are placed horizon¬ tally instead of vertically, the type being pushed forward to the outlet by weighted followers. The reservoirs or channels are arranged in vertical steps rising toward the center of the machine. There are 116 channels in all, which allows for upper and lower case, small caps., figures and the usual extras. Each channel has its corresponding groove in the front plate, which inclines slightly outward and is covered with glass. The type is released from the channels by ejectors, which, pushing from the bottom, raise the letter above the lips which hold them and they thereupon drop into the converging chan¬ nels in the face plate and assemble in a curved trough in front of the operator. A rapidly revolving eccentric pushes the type forward as they drop feet first into the line, this eccentric and the ejecting mechanism being driven by a small motor. The line is assembled in the composing trough and passes thence to one of several channels or grooves in a cylindrical receiver. The operator receives warning by a bell when one of the grooves has received enough matter to make a line, and by touching a key causes a partial revolution of the cylindrical receiver and an empty groove to be presented. In the present machine about seven hundred and fifty ems can be com¬ posed before stopping composition, the operator then swinging around and justifying the matter by hand as usual. The type is distributed in a separate machine, supplied with a keyboard. The dead matter is raised from the galley and the operator reads the words as they pass before him and touches the keys as in. the composing machine. No nicks are employed to accomplish distribution, but instead, the type are separated according to their widths. The first separation of the type divides it into groups of four letters varying at least .008 of an inch in thickness, these next passing through three bridges, the first allowing only the three thinnest type to pass, the next the two thinnest and the last only the thinnest one of the PULSOMETER ENGINEERING COMPANY’S COMPOSING MACHINE. group to enter, thus distributing each letter to its proper channel. Any full channel can be removed and its contents discharged into the corresponding channel of the composing- machine without disturbing any other channel. It is stated the machine will be sold at about $750. Tabular Work. — An Australian correspondent sends tables clipped from a newspaper, and writes : “ In the issue of The Inland Printer for September, 1902, there is a paragraph under the heading ‘Notes and Queries on Machine Compo¬ sition,’ which has a reference to tabular work on the Linotype, and from this I presume that you do not consider that much is to be gained by setting tables on the machine. At present I am employed on one of the leading papers of the State of Western Australia as an operator. During the past three or four years a battery of nine machines has been running in the office, and during the past few weeks the tenth machine has been erected. The operators are paid at the rate of qd per thousand ens, the type being brevier, minion, and nonpareil. About two years ago the operators were receiving per thousand ens, which included ‘ fat ’ under certain conditions. The Typographical Society, however, not thinking this suffi¬ cient, took the employers to the Arbitration Court, and the latter body fixed the scale at 4d per thousand ens for only matter that came from the mouth of the machine. Now, I feel sure that I am well within the mark in stating that all of my fellow operators are excellent all-round men, and one or two, at least, may be termed ‘ rapid,’ if not ‘ swift.’ But I also feel sure after carefully reading The Inland 388 THE INLAND PRINTER Printer that the odds in the office are against the operators getting beyond the ordinary. For instance, the metal in some way or other is allowed to go stone cold, the face of the slugs very frequently becomes unreadable, and often the spacebands do tricks that would put an acrobat in the shade. These are only a few of the sweet little tricks that the machines occa¬ sionally play. Another of the drawbacks, in my opinion, to the ordinary operator becoming swift is the tables I have enclosed. Before the machines were introduced this kind of table very rarely found its way into the paper; but since the installation of the machines, it has been the other way about. What is your opinion of them ? Do you-, think the headlines over the columns of figures would look better and be easier to set if put lengthwise? My opinion is that the tables should be either set by hand composition or should not be given to operators on piece work. In the half-measure matter the full slug is cast, but half of it is blank, which is then cut off. The operators do not look after their machines, as we have two mechanics, one for day and one for night, but the opera¬ tors are responsible for keeping their metal pots full, and very often they have to restart the distributor when it stops.” Answer. — In the article mentioned, reference was made to tabular work containing vertical brass rules, which class of work can not profitably be done on the Linotype. The sam¬ ples submitted by our correspondent are ordinary two or more column tables without vertical rules, and would be consid¬ ered “ fat ” in any American office. The scale paid (its American equivalent being 16 cents per 1,000 ems) is higher than any piece scale in this country. The headings over the columns are set as well as they could be, considering their length. Border Designs On the Linotype. — The Inland Printer has frequently shown in the past complicated border designs done on the Linotype, but no explanation of how these designs FIG. I. — THE DESIGN. were executed has heretofore been published. It is probable that most, if not all, were set on the “ hit or miss ” principle, and the borders juggled and reset until they assumed the posi¬ tions desired by the operator. Composition of this character has always been considered impractical where time was a consideration, but now has been reduced to a science, as is shown by the examples presented herewith. The idea was developed in the Inland Printer Technical School, and the monogram shown was set by a student on the Linotype, the time of composition being fifty minutes. This was the opera¬ tor’s first attempt and no lines were reset on account of improper line-up of the characters. The monogram was first blocked out on paper ruled into squares, as shown in Fig. i. The copy for the operator was prepared from this and was given him in the shape shown in Fig. 2, the design as set being shown in Fig. 3. The method of executing the design is as follows : After selecting the characters desired to form the design, the matrix distributing combinations are cut to cause them to run in selected channels in the magazine, the keys being correspondingly marked. In preparing the copy each character is given a distinguishing letter, in the present instance the outside border being designated as a, the quads as f, the black star as c and the open star as g. Then by counting the number of squares in the design, line by line, the copy is written out as follows : 40a ia 38f ia 1a 38f 1a 1a 38f 1a 1a 38f ia ia 4f 9c 4f 14c 7f ia ia 4f ic 7g ic 4f ic i3g ic 6f ia ia 4f 4c ig 4c 4f 4c ig 8c 2g ic sf ia 1a 7f ig ic lof ic ig ic 7f ic 2g ic 4f ia ia 7f ic ig ic iof ic ig ic 8f ic ig ic 4f ia 1a sf 3c ig 12c ig 8c if ic ig ic 4f ia ia sf ic ig ic ig ic log ic ig ic 6g ic if ic ig ic 4f ia ia sf ic ig ic ig 8c ig 3c ig 6c ig ic if ic ig ic 4f ia ia sf ic ig ic ig ic 6f ic ig ic if ic ig ic 4f ic ig ic if ic ig ic 4f 1a ia sf ic ig ic ig ic 6f ic ig ic if ic ig ic 4f ic ig ic if ic ig ic 4f la ia sf 3c ig ic 6f ic ig ic if ic ig ic 4f 4c 2g ic 4f ia ia 7f ic ig ic 6f ic ig ic if ic ig 8c 2g ic .sf 1a ia 7f ic ig ic 3f 4c ig 7c 6g ic 6f ia ia 7f ic ig ic 2f ic 3g ic ig ic 6g 6c 7f la ia 7f ic ig ic if ic 2g 3c ig 6c 2g ic nf ia ia 7f ic ig 2c 2g ic 2f ic ig ic if ic ig ic if ic 2g ic iof 1a ia 7f ic ig ic 2g ic 3f ic ig ic if ic ig ic 2f ic ig ic iof ia ia 7f ic ig ic ig ic 4f ic ig ic if ic ig ic 2f 3c iof ia 1a 7f ic ig ic ig ic 4f ic ig ic if ic ig ic isf ia ia 7f ic ig ic ig ic 4f ic ig ic if ic ig ic isf ia ia 7f ic ig ic ig ic 4f ic ig ic if ic ig ic isf ia ia 7f ic ig ic 2g ic 3f ic ig ic if ic ig ic isf ia ia 7f ic ig 2c 2g ic 2f ic ig ic if ic ig ic isf ia ia 7f ic ig ic if ic 2g 7c ig 4c pf 1a ia 7f ic ig ic 2f ic 7g ic ig ic 3g ic nf ia ia 7f ic ig ic 3f 8c ig 3c 2g ic iof ia 1a 4f 4c ig 4C 3f IC ig 3c ig 4c 2g ic 9f ia 1a 4f ic 7g ic 3f ic ig ic 6g 2c ig ic 9f ia ia 4f 9c 3f ic ig 9c ig ic 9f ia ia i6f ic ig ic 7f ic ig ic 9f ia 1a i6f ic ig ic 7f ic ig ic 9f ia 1a i6f 4c ig 4c 4f ic ig ic gi ia ia 9f 3c if ic 7g ic 4f ic ig ic 9f ia la 9f ic ig ic if 9C 4f ic Ig ic 9f ia ia gf ic 2g ic I2f ic 2g ic 9f 1a ia iof ic 2g ic iof ic 2g ic iof ia ia nf ic 2g ioc 2g ic nf 1a ia i2f ic i2g ic iaf ia 1a i3f 12c i3f 1a 1a 38f la 1a 38f 1a 1a 38f 1a 1a 38f 1a 40a In the design shown, the vise jaw and assembler were set a pica wider than the true measure and an em quad and space- band start the line, these not showing, of course, because of the mold not covering them. In future numbers further sug¬ gestions along these lines will be given. Battle-scarred Machines. — A graduate of the Inland Printer Technical School recently wrote to the instructor of the machine composition branch : “ I arrived here last Thurs¬ day evening and went to work as operator-machinist. While the machine is running pretty well, am correcting adjustments from day to day. The blacksmith whom I mentioned as hav¬ ing taken off the lid of the magazine to clean it has left his THE INLAND PRINTER 389 work in duplicate and triplicate on a good many of the three thousand parts of the machine, and I have been trying to smooth over the scars of battle. The vise automatic is inop¬ erative (he took off the block that strikes the dog), the flexible front was set so first partition came between lower-case n and s, offending partitions being bent or beaten into submis¬ sion; the safety pawl was 1)4 inches from edge of cam io, the spaceband shifter was set so the guide block on first ele¬ vator nearly tipped the machine over when recasting lines, ★★★★★★★★★ ★★★★★★★★★★★★★★ ★★★ irfrtrtrtrirCrtrk IrtrkMrtrtrtrirk*** ★★★★★★★★★ ★☆★★★★★★★★★☆★ ★★★ icfr&trtr&irbi ★★★★★★★★★ » « FIG.3..— MONOGRAM. Linotype composition by student in Machine Composition Branch, Inland Printer Technical School. the — but that’s enough to indicate. He also thought the lapping block was an anvil and used it as such. The devil was straightening a spike on it one day, using the bottom side. “ Hell ! ” yelled the machinist, “ That side’s smooth. Use the rough side.” Do you remember what you told me of the little friction spring in the assembler clutch? Well, to make and put in one of those was about the first thing I did on the machine. The machinist from ’Frisco had used a cold- chisel to batter the shaft so the clutch would not slip out of action, and I had to dress it off before I could get the thing apart. It works all right now.” Line-delivery Carriage. — E. B. McG., Ypsilanti, Michigan, writes : “ When we put up the machine and started it I noticed the line-delivery carriage failed to return to place, stopping just short of the catch. But as it always held, I let it go when I found the late model had not the ‘ eccentric pin ’ adjustment in the roller. By jamming the rod in the back out of the slot and up under the spring clasp, the carriage worked all right. It appears to me this rod is long. I do not consider this method of overcoming the difficulty good, so drilled a new hole, thus shortening the rod. This held the carriage all right, but failed to deliver the line into the vise jaw, stopping about an inch short and going down with a bang. A half-dozen lines was enough of that, so I returned to the other expedient. Also tried to remedy the trouble by loosen¬ ing and tightening the large coil spring controlling the move¬ ment of the line-delivery carriage arm, but to no purpose, so set the spring as it was. I can not ‘ hang a line ’ with this machine, the carriage extending so far over that the assembler can not return to place. As I am setting brevier, this retards speed quite a little. I have considered the failure of the car¬ riage to return to its proper place as the cause of the carriage holding up the assembler, as I do not think the company intended to fix it so a line can not be ‘ hung up ’ waiting for the elevator to return.” Answer. — Beginners should always remember when in difficulty that the machine itself is made right. It is never necessary to drill new holes or remake parts. Adjustments will slip or get out of place, but intelligent investigation will always reveal the fact. As our . correspon¬ dent knew the old adjustment for regulating the return stroke of the carriage, he should have known that if this was not found in the new machine some other adjustment for accom¬ plishing this must be used. Examination of the parts would have disclosed a split hub on the lever which rests against the cam and this could be loosened and the lever moved toward the cam to cause carriage to return further. This will overcome the other trouble. Setting Music on the Linotype. — The following is from Linotype Notes, London, England : “ For several years the manufacturers of the Linotype have been busied with adapting their composing machine to the production of music, as they "SONG OF THE LINO.” believed that, by the use of the Linotype, the setting up of music might be greatly simplified and quickened. What diffi¬ cult and slow work it is to set up music with ordinary music type all compositors must know who have tried it. The cases are divided into as many as 252 boxes, and the setting of the type is like piecing together the minute portions of a fine 390 THE INLAND PRINTER mosaic. After the expenditure of much thought and ingenuity they are now convinced that their aims have been realized, and they can with confidence recommend the Linotype to all printers of music. With this machine music can be set up almost as easily as ordinary reading matter. The “ Song of the Lino.,” written by Mr. Albert E. Pain and composed by Mr. C. W. Sperring, is the first complete song ever set up by machinery, and so marks a revolutionary epoch in the history oi music printing.” A sample portion which we print shows the quality of the music set by the Linotype. As giving an idea of the extent of the business of the Lans- ton Monotype Company, it may be mentioned that at the begin¬ ning of the year 1903 there were 120 in stock, while during the year 700 more were manufactured — a total of 820 for the twelve months. In his statement before the Committee on Appropriations of the United States Senate, in presenting his argument why Linotypes should be put into operation in the Government Printing-office, Mr. J. L. Kennedy laid before the committee a copy of The Inland Printer, and said: “This periodical is The Inland Printer, published in Chicago. It is not the organ of the master printers; it is not the organ of the jour¬ neymen printers. It is an independent typographical journal, devoted to the general interests of ‘ the art preservative of arts.’ Master and journeymen printers, and all who have a pride in fine printing, are proud of The Inland Printer, for they recognize it as the very foremost exponent of all that is best in the printing art. The typography of its pages is as beautiful as any that ever came from the press. It is a Lino¬ type production and the work of union printers.” A Book About the Monotype. — The Lanston Monotype Machine Company has just issued a book describing the Mono¬ type casting-machine in detail, written from the standpoint of the machinist. The work is illustrated with mechanical draw¬ ings that serve to illustrate the text, and accompanying it is a pamphlet containing a list of parts and giving half-tone views of them. The plan adopted is unique, as not only is each part and its use fully described, but a symbol with the illustration showing it at once shows its location on the machine. Under this system there is no danger of a wrong part being ordered if the least care is exercised. The illustrations supplementing the list of parts is probably the most complete ever issued of any machine. Instead of showing the parts separately, a plan that would make their identification extremely difficult, different sections of the machine are photographed together, and iden¬ tification is easy and certain. No pains were spared to make these illustrations complete. The casting-machine book con¬ sists of 124 pages, illustrated by some seventy-four outline drawings. These sketches show the different mechanisms in their simplest form. They are of particular interest, as they were made by one of the students in the Monotype casting- machine school. The method of explaining the Monotype makes the description particularly simple. The entire machine is divided into three parts — the matrix, in which the face of the type is cast; the mold, in which the body is cast, and the pump, which supplies the metal. Each of these parts is treated independently, as though the other two did not exist. To show the entire working of the machine at a glance, charts are provided. These charts trace the movement of the matrix, for example, and all parts that affect it, to the source of their motion, the cams. They also illustrate the flexibility of the Monotype. It seems hardly credible that work of this charac¬ ter could be done on a machine. A complete and full cross- referenced index adds materially to the value of the book. About Files. — Printer-machinists usually are not adepts in handling files, and few realize that this much abused tool is of any importance. Files should never be thrown together in a drawer, or even allowed to come in contact with each other, or with other tools, as the delicate edges of the teeth are most easily broken down, and the value of the file seriously impaired. They should be kept in a drawer, separated from each other by low partitions, and arranged according to length, section, cut and condition, thus facilitating the selection of any desired file. A file, to do its work fast and well, should be kept free from its cuttings. Cuttings “ pin ” when they lodge so finely that they can not be removed with a brush. Pinning may be obviated by chalking the surface of the file, but this has the effect of reducing its bite. A little oil on the file will frequently reduce the tendency to pin. It should be •used, however, only on the fibrous metals, as it glazes on the surface of the non-fibrous metals, making them harder to cut. Chalk is usually applied to a file when a smooth, fine work surface is desired. The effect of the chalk is to prevent the teeth from cutting as freely as when it is not used, and thereby produces about the same result as would occur if a finer cut file had been used. When oil has been used on a file it can be readily removed by thoroughly chalking and brushing two or three times, as the chalk soaks up the oil and leaves a dry surface. Referring to the numbers of Fig. 1, the names of the various files are: 1, “hand”; 2, “flat”; 3, “mill”;. 13 14 15 1G 17 18 19 20 Fig. 1. 4, “ pillar ” ; 5, “ warding ” ; 6, “ square ” ; 7, “ round ” ; 8,. “half-round”; 9, “three-square”; 10, “knife”; 11, “pit- saw”; 12, “crossing”; 13, “tumbler”; 14, “cross-cut”; 15, “ feather-edge ” ; 16, “ cant-saw ” ; 17, “ cant-file ” ; 18, “ cabi¬ net ” ; 19, “ shoe-rasp ” ; 20, “ rasp.” The length of the file is measured from point to heel, and does not include the tang. Files are classified under three heads, “ single-cut,” “ double¬ cut ” and “ rasp.” The “ single-cut ” file, or “ float,” as its coarser cuts are sometimes called, has surfaces covered with teeth made by single rows of parallel chisel cuts extending across the faces. The “ double-cut ” file has two rows of chisel cuts crossing each other. In the rasp the teeth are entirely disconnected from each other. They are round on top, and are formed by raising, with a punch, small portions of stock from the surface of the blank. The machinist seldom has use for a rasp, as they are intended for filing the softer materials, as wood and leather. The regular grades of cut upon which the coarseness of a file depends are “ rough,” “ coarse,” “ bastard,” “ second-cut,” smooth ” and “ dead- smooth.” The “ rough ” file is usually single-cut, and the “ dead-smooth ” double-cut. The other grades are made in both double and single cut. These grades of coarseness are, however, only comparable when files of the same length are considered, as the. longer the file in any cut, the fewer teeth per inch of length. A file bites freer on work having a narrow surface than a wide, because fewer teeth come in contact, at any point in the stroke, with the work surface, and conse¬ quently less pressure is required to make the file bite. On THE INLAND PRINTER 391 very thin work the teeth of a “ double-cut ” file bite so freely that the danger of breaking them is great. For work of this character the long tooth of the “ single-cut ” is best adapted, as its form gives it greater strength, and the shear of the cut is smoother, one tooth coming into cut as another leaves. On the broad surfaces, however, the teeth of the “ double-cut ” have the advantage. The term “ cross-filing ” applies to those filing operations in which the file is pushed endwise across the work. When in cross-filing the character of the work requires a heavy file, it should be held in both hands, as shown in Fig. 2, the end of the handle abutting against the palm of the hand, thus giving a good bearing to receive the thrust on the work stroke. When held in this manner an extremely Fig. 2. tight grip is not required, which makes it much easier on the fingers and enables the workman to more readily control the file. When a very light file is being used on the work it is usually best to hold it with one hand, as shown in Fig. 3. In this case, the thumb rests against the side of the file just ahead of the handle, and the forefinger extends along the top, Fig. 3. considerable downward pressure being exerted by this finger, as near as possible, over the working surface of the tool. When the file is of medium size and thin, if held as shown in Fig. 2, the pressure at the ends will bend it down, making it concave on its under surface, which will cause it to cut away Fig. 4. the metal at the edges, as shown in Fig. 4. If, however, it is held as shown in Fig. 5, the downward pressure of the thumb will spring the file in the opposite direction, and thus enable the operator to move it across the work without cutting away the edges. When the thumb becomes tired, the position Fig. 5. shown in Fig. 2 can again be taken, the ball of the thumb bear¬ ing down hard on the file and the fingers lifting at the point accomplishing the same object. Either of these methods of holding is difficult to maintain for more than a few moments at a time, consequently a stiffer file, having considerable belly, is preferable on work of this character. Handles should be so secured to the tang that its center line is parallel with the length of the file. Handles made of soft, tough wood are preferable, as they are lighter and less liable to crack when forced on the tang. The soft-wood handle, if provided with a hole for the reception of the tang of a diameter slightly greater than the thickness of the tang, can be driven on with¬ out danger of cracking. If of hardwood a good job requires heating the tang red-hot and burning the hole in the handle to fit it. Care must be exercised, or the temper of the teeth near the heel will be drawn. A piece of wet waste wrapped around the heel will prevent this. In cross-filing, and more especially where much metal is to be removed, the direction of the strokes should be varied frequently. This not only enables the production of truer work, but faster reduction of the metal. The file when pushed endwise produces small grooves or chan¬ nels in the direction of the stroke, and when the direction of the stroke is changed the file teeth come in contact with the tops of the ridges between the grooves, thus diminishing the area of tooth contact with the work surface, and consequently increasing the bite; that is, for equal pressures. In cross¬ filing the file should be held at quite an angle with the direc¬ tion of the stroke, which has the effect of giving the file a side motion as it sweeps forward. This improves the condition of the surface filed, prevents to a marked degree deep groov¬ ing and brings the file under more perfect control. In selecting a file for any piece of work the form and position of the work surface must determine the shape and size of the file to use. The hardness of the metal and the amount of stock to be removed, together with the quality of the finished surface that is desired, will determine the degree of coarseness in the cut of the file used. If the surface is a flat one, the hand file, the curvature of the sides of which makes it best suited to such a surface, or its immediate associates, the flat, mill or pillar files, will be used. The length will depend upon the extent of the surface, files shorter than eight inches being used only on very light work. A safety edge on a file is one having no teeth. The safety edge enables the mechanic to file one of two surfaces, intersecting at right angles, without injuring the other. The safety edge on a new file should always be passed over a grindstone or emery wheel before depending on its “ safety.” A very satisfactory safety edge is made by grind¬ ing the teeth from the edge of a full-cut file. The term “ draw¬ filing” refers to that use of the file in which the direction of its motion over the surface of the work is at right angles to its length. In draw-filing the file is grasped by its ends with both hands, as shown in Fig. 6. The handle is usually removed, as the file can not readily be controlled when one hand grasps the handle. As the belly of the file can be brought to bear on the high spots more readily and under better con¬ trol than in cross-filing, more accurate results can be obtained by draw-filing, even by a less skilful mechanic. For a given pressure, the file in draw-filing does not cut so deep or remove so much metal as in cross-filing. It is not, therefore, well adapted to the quick removal of large amounts of metal, but when an accurate surface or a finely finished one is required, it can best be obtained by draw-filing. The grain or lay of 392 THE INLAND PRINTER the finish produced by draw-filing will be in the direction of the strokes, and much finer than can possibly be obtained with the same file in cross-filing. In all filing operations the work should be done on the forward stroke, the file being relieved of all pressure but not raised from the surface of the work GRADUATES MACHINE COMPOSITION BRANCH, INLAND PRINTER TECHNICAL SCHOOL, Holding situations on Linotypes in cities named. on the return stroke. Draw-filing is practiced in truing the mouthpieces of metal pots. RECENT PATENTS ON TYPESETTING MACHINERY. Linotype Assembler Lift. — Patrick Shea, Chicago, Illinois. No. 758,284. Typesetting Machine.— Jules Lagarde, Clermont-Ferrand, France. No. 757,319. Linotype Matrix. — D. D. Scott, Boston, Massachusetts, assignor to Mergenthaler Linotype Company, New York city. No. 7S7>685. Mold-turning Pinion. — W. H. Randall, Brooklyn, New York, assignor to Mergenthaler Linotype Company, of New York. No. 758,103. Linotype Justification Movement.— S. J. Briden, Brooklyn, New York, assignor to Mergenthaler Linotype Company, New York city. No. 757,648. Base Trimming Knife for Linotypes. — P. T. Dodge, Brook¬ lyn, New York, assignor to Mergenthaler Linotype Company, New York city. No. 757,099. AN AMERICAN COPYRIGHT DECISION. The United States Treasury Department has rendered a decision regarding the copyright and importation into this country of books printed in a foreign country from type set in the United States or from plates made therefrom. The decision was made on the application of Edward Schuberth & Co., music dealers, of New York city. It states that, if the statutory requirements relating to the procurement of the copyright are complied with, and the books are printed from type set within the limits of the United States, or from plates made therefrom, the books are not liable to the prohibitive provisions of section 4956 of the Revised Statutes, which for¬ bids the importation of copyrighted books not printed from type set within the United States or from plates made there¬ from. The department explains its ruling by calling attention to the fact that the statutes do not provide that books shall be printed in the United States, provided the type or plates have been produced there, as ordered. THE RECOGNIZED STANDARD. By persistent effort and by paying strict attention to criti¬ cisms in The Inland Printer, I hope to bring my work and the work of the office up to your standard, which is the recog¬ nized standard of this continent, if not of the whole world. — F. C. Rice , Granby, Quebec. HENRY L. BULLEN. ALTHOUGH it has been his fortune to be always an employe, there are few men more widely and favorably known than the subject of this sketch. Preeminently a business builder, he has held a series of positions of an uphill character, and invariably the businesses have been increased in volume and improved in character. Mr. Bullen is now the sales manager of the F. Wesel Manufacturing Company, and during the four years of his management the Wesel business has more than doubled. As a manufacturer of plate-making machinery and appliances it was comparatively obscure ; it has been advanced to a position second to none in that important line. Henry L. Bullen, the son of a Massachusetts man, was born in Ballarat, Australia, and learned the printing trade there and in Melbourne. He came to the United States before he was of age, working his passage on the U. S. S. Swatara. His first employment was in Davenport, Iowa, and he after¬ ward worked at his trade in St. Louis, Cincinnati, Philadel¬ phia, Trenton, New York and Boston. While working at the case in Boston he was engaged to edit and print a trade publication for Golding & Co., and, succeeding in this, was offered the management of the selling department of that concern, then comparatively small. Under his management the Golding business within three years entered the front rank. Buildings were added rapidly to keep pace with the expansion of sales, and Mr. Bullen was recognized as a leader, especially in advertising, to which he has always given personal attention. During his connection with Golding & Co. he was the first to introduce the point system in the Eastern States. The first twenty-two point-system plants were- sold by him personally, and this success compelled the Eastern typefoundries to follow the lead of Marder, Luse & Co., of Chicago, to whom belongs the honor of originating the valuable point system of type bodies in the United States. In 1888 Mr. Bullen returned to Australia, and continued his tour around the world for three years, introducing Amer¬ ican type, machinery and materials in so thorough a fashion that the trade has been held and increased by all the firms he represented to the present time. Thus a foreign business of very great value was established in a brief time on a secure foundation. Returning to the United States in 1891, Mr. Bullen became Eastern manager of the Hamilton Manufacturing Company, but the organization of the American Type Founders Company made it advisable to sell the Eastern branch of the Hamilton business to the type company, and Mr. Bullen was then appointed acting manager of the New York branch of the American Type Founders Company, moving it into new quar¬ ters, reorganizing the staff and putting it on a sound business footing. This work accomplished, Mr. Bullen was selected to organize the advertising, catalogue and specimen depart¬ ment of the American Type Founders Company. The stand¬ ard specimen books and catalogues of that company are evi¬ dences of advertising acumen and a thorough knowledge of every detail of the business. As a maker of catalogues that sell goods, Mr. Bullen has no equal in the trade. Many articles in popular use to-day in printing-offices were designed by Mr. Bullen. His work is. always basic, and the results far-reaching and practically unending. Customers are not only secured, but retained ; the business progresses quietly, conservatively; but steadily and surely. In every change (change invariably being promotion) Mr. Bullen has had the good will of his former employers and their employes, so that at each advance he has been the recipient of testimonials and gifts from his former employers and associates. Socially, Mr. Bullen is retiring, yet somewhat famed for hospitality, espe¬ cially to visitors to New York. He is a persistent student and the owner of an extensive library, especially complete in books relating to all branches of the art preservative. MR. H. L. BULLEN. Photograph by Pirie McDonald, photographer of men, New York 394 THE INLAND PRINTER with type the purpose or meaning of the copy, and it is his privilege, by a little study and putting himself in the place of the man for whom the printing is intended, to produce a piece of composition that will, to the utmost degree possible, isSaSSSH? page is shown (Fig. i) that is set in I of a title, but which motives of utility could have su a setting in which the most important line and the ri be given more prominence. The firm name is not the 1 should be accorded the chief place, bul in the resetting (Fig. 2). Everything else is and shot made subordinate. Fig. 1 could be improved by respacii m into two clusters, similar to Fig. : itor is not always at liberty to interpr 'rally r e of the job, save the application of the ordinary relation to the r confronts the co s of the copy in han sitor is how can he r MI THE INLAND PRINTER 395 Bad spacing in a double sense is shown in the composition of Fig. 5, and is chiefly responsible for its rather untidy appear¬ ance. The amount of space between words bears some relation to the shape of the letter used. An extended letter requires more, a condensed one less space than a letter of normal shape. A double error would be corrected by the use of less space between the words of the top line, thus avoiding the crowding of the margins as shown. The line “ Andrew and Philip ” also shows this same error. It should have been normally spaced and centered. So much for word-spacing. Some attempt at design is shown, but is rendered abortive by filling all the space with type, thereby losing all distinction caused f \ Musical & Literary Entertainment BY - = BETHEL CHAPTER No. 217 BROTHERHOOD UOF Andrew and Philip Thursday Evening, April 14, 1904 j At 8 o’clock Bethel Presbyterian Church j Niaetggnifi and York Sts. Bratbsriiocd Prayer Meeting Every Sunday Morning at Ten ©’clock. All Men are Welcome. 4,4,4,414*4*4*4* 4* \ - J Fig. 5. by contrast between type and design. It can only be improved by resetting or rearrangement that will allow white space to do its perfect work in giving shape and order to the type dis¬ play. A condensed letter should not be used unless limited conditions of space make it necessary. Expediency is the reason for the making of condensed faces, not beauty, and that is why they are not desirable on pages where freedom, dignity and beauty are the chief essentials. It is part of the art and knowledge of the compositor to know that taste or custom has delegated certain type styles to be used for certain forms of typography, and that these dicta should be followed when material will permit. This is suggested in the reset¬ ting (Fig. 6), where a text face has been used in deference to the churchly character of the title. By grouping the type and placing white space between the cluster and the rule border we obtain that contrast the lack of which renders Fig. 5 so ineffective, and the composition of the rulework a loss of time because the desired result of giving added dis¬ tinction to the type matter has not been obtained. The plain double rule border of Fig. 6 is much more effective because simpler in appearance, an important consideration, and is not confused with the type, as the design is on Fig. 5. The com¬ positor has a valuable medium of expression in the white surface of the paper which he does not always appreciate or use. This is apparent in Fig. 5, in which type and rulework are scattered over the page, and Fig. 6 shows a disposition of the material by which an effective contrast of black and white is obtained. Display in the sense of prominence is not required in this class of work, and a little more thought and care in the arrangement may be allowed, which is not shown by the composition of Fig. 5. We are inclined to ascribe the errors shown to inexperience, as practice and study of correct exam¬ ples of printing would very soon make the faults glaringly apparent and point out ways to avoid them. jflusital anti 3Uttrar|> €ntcrtatnmcnt BY BETHEL CHAPTER No. 217, BROTHERHOOD OF ANDREW PHILIP CljursDap evening, iHprtl 14, 1904 Betfjel Presbyterian Ctnircl) JBinrtrrnt!) ana gert fetccet® at rigtit o'decfe TBrotberbood Praper Sheeting etjetp QunOap morning at ten o’clock ail men ate toelrome Fig. 6. Not much is expected of the hand-bill or dodger as an exponent of effective advertising display, as time is generally the prime consideration of their production and any delay caused by a little thought or experiment as to the most effective way of evidencing the writer’s meaning would be strongly deprecated. At the same time the opportunity for effective display is considerable and the value of the hand-bill is increased immeasurably by intelligent display. This class of printing must be displayed in the most emphatic way. It must attract, and attract instantly, by displaying some feature that will cause the reader to note and remember. Sometimes the matter does not lend itself to attractive display on account of its commonplaceness, but if there is anything that can be fea¬ tured apart from the firm name itself, display it as strongly as possible. A conventional dodger is shown (Fig. 7) that lacks the feature that attracts attention. The line to be emphasized is there, but would not be observed with a casual glance. In Fig. 8 the line that should be prominent is placed in type large enough to be seen at a glance and the hand-bill will have performed its function by fixing on the mind of the reader the association between free candy and the Olympia Candy Store. This consideration of the type display on these two examples 396 THE INLAND PRINTER is not so much a matter of good appearance as of effective display. The hand-bill should only offer one idea, and if the copy contains a number of statements that seem to require emphasis, the desire to do so must be ' restrained. Select one, ARL YOU GOING? WHY SURE.! CANDY OLYMPIflCANDYSTORE SATURDAY. MARCH 26. 1904. Given away with every purchase Where They Keep Ice Cream, Candies. Sodas, Fruits and A,c ru T"„7? .^>;^r'..^t,tFi,g CANDY GIVEN AWAY WITH EVERY PURCHASE. Olympia Candy SATURDAY OlOre MARCH 28 Olympia Candy Store, Olympia Candy Store 76 West Third S u Winona, Minn. Fig. 7. Fig. 8. display it strongly, and the hand-bill will become an efficient trade-bringer, while the one in which every line is displayed will not be given the second glance that is always the test of attractive printing. In criticizing Fig. 9, we wish to say in justice to the com¬ positor that office conditions and material were responsible for the variety of faces shown, which he appreciated was an error and a departure from good typographic taste. Apart from this fault, however, it is in other ways susceptible of 5 Programme... Hawke s Bay Agricultural & Pastoral Society’s THIRD GRAND AUTUMN SHOW HASTINGS 1 Wednesday, 20th April, 1904. Society’s Office: TENNYSON STREET, NAPIER. improvement. It is set in a displayed style, that is, the inten¬ tion is to make some of the lines more prominent than others, and what is considered the chief lines are placed inside a panel, but there is not enough contrast in type sizes to make the desired distinction, and the panel-rule is not heavy enough to separate the contents of the panel from the rest of the matter. By displaying everything, as shown, distinction is given to nothing. Display in this sense of size contrast can be attained even with a variety of faces used, although the result is not so agreeable to look upon as where one style of type is used. The narrow panel ornament inside the border is a detriment to the best appearance, and the space it occupies would be more valuable if used as space between type and border, centering the first, of course, and, together with the reduction in size of some of the lines of secondary importance PROGRAMME OF THE HAWKE’S BAY AGRICULTURAL PASTOR¬ AL SOCIETY’S THIRD GRAND AUTUMN SHOW OF FAT STOCK, AGRICULTURAL, FARM, DAIRY AND HORTICUL¬ TURAL PRODUCE, TO BE HELD AT HASTINGS, ON WEDNESDAY, THE TWENTY-FOURTH OF APRIL, NINETEEN HUNDRED feP FOUR SECRETARY'S OFFICE TENNYSON STREET. NAPIER Fig. 10. and a little white space interjected between the date and address, would improve its appearance in some degree. The displayed style is not necessary on the cover or title-page of a booklet that is not a medium for advertising, and something in the style of Fig. io would be more fitting if the office facilities would permit. Yet, with the arrangement shown, the display is more effective than Fig. 9. The words “Autumn Show” have been selected for display, and by placing them in a larger and bolder type and setting everything else in the smaller and lighter face, the desired display is attained instantly and em¬ phatically. Each additional line placed in larger or bolder type would detract that much from the value of the main line. This line was placed in a black contrasting type to illustrate the meaning and value of contrast. From an artistic point of view, it should have been in the same face as the rest of the title. The arrangement of capitals shown is attractive if the wording will permit it without word or letter spacing; The THE INLAND PRINTER 397 fashion of setting capital letters, line after line, in full meas¬ ure, thin-spacing one line and letter-spacing the next, is to be deprecated, as it produces an unpleasing variation in tone. The beauty of a page of type is uniformity of color or tone, and that is the reason why even spacing is one of the first requirements of good composition. In some books, the space following a period is made the same as between words, sacri¬ ficing clearness in a slight degree to good appearance. Fig. ii. A panel form is an excellent way of handling a large amount of matter on a heading, but is excessive and a depar- work of a job should be lighter than the type, otherwise the latter suffers by the competition of what is intended to enhance its appearance. In several ways Fig. 13 departs from the standard of good taste that should always characterize commercial printing. The desire to be original is commendable, but it must be based on accepted standards of good arrangement. The break in the panel and the matter placed in the opening are very unneces¬ sary and possibly excusable as an advertising device, but have no place on a commercial heading. This arrangement crowds the main line out of center and does not compensate by its odd¬ ity for the loss of balance and grace. There should always be a distinct reason for typographical ornamentation, and apprecia¬ tion of its fitness and ability to exercise restraint in its use is an important qualification of the job-printer. In commercial printing they should be used sparingly, and never for the orna¬ ment’s sake alone. This misuse of ornament is shown by the band or underscore beneath “ merchandise brokers ” and the word-ornaments below it. The panel ornament fulfils a useful S. R. Braden & Son Boots, £)I)0CS Rubbers, €tc. Lake Odessa , Mich . 190 . Fig. 12. ture from that simplicity that is the essence of good printing when used as an adornment of a heading similar to Fig. 11, where the amount of matter does not justify its use as an expedient and does not add to the attractiveness of the design because it dominates to a great degree the type it surrounds. If the rule were printed in a lighter tint it would be acceptable, but in one color it is too obtrusive. It is not necessary that a heading should be arranged to fill the entire width of the paper. If the main line is not long enough or the amount of matter insufficient to warrant it, a smaller setting in the cen¬ ter, as in Fig. 12, or a corner-card, is more acceptable than an attempt to make it the full width by the aid of rulework. In the resetting, the panel form is used, but in a way that does not conflict with the type, but rather helps it by separating the advertising lines from the firm name and throwing them into relief by the surrounding lighter rules. In one color the panel- function by filling a blank space, although rather large, and could have been omitted by a rearrangement of the type. In Fig. 14 is shown a suggestive setting of the same matter that Everett Grain Company Merchandise Brokers avoids both the oddity and the ornamentation of the original. Not that oddity or ornamentation are wrong under all condi¬ tions, but out of place as shown. Crowding has been avoided Grain, Seeds, Flour, Meal. Bran, Car Lots Only and Seed Potatoes # Everett Grain Company Oil Mill Products, Merchandise Brokers Rice Mill Products and Hay All Quotations Subject to Confirmation Robinson Cipher ‘Belton, Texas . 190 . 398 THE INLAND PRINTER PROSPECTUS Fig. 15. and a clean-cut appearance given the display by the elimination of the ornament and the irregular arrangement. Three interesting examples of cover-page design are shown in Figs. 15, 16 and 17, composed by Mr. C. R. Beran, of Den¬ ver, Colorado, illustrating the artistic possibilities that lie in the clever manipulation of rule and ornament. It may be con¬ tended that such work is without the province of the com¬ positor, who should content himself with type arrangement, leaving the design to the artist. To a certain degree this contention is right. The question of cost might be advanced as an argument, the time consumed in composition together with electrotyping — necessary for perfect joints — bringing the cost perhaps to a point where the service of an artist might have been justified, with a more reasonable assurance of obtaining artistic results. Mechanical facility and good taste do not always join in the production of these rulework designs, amply evidenced by the work of ten or fifteen years back, when designs were executed that were intensely inter¬ esting as examples of ingenious type and rule manipulation but did not show the faintest appreciation of artistic judgment or taste. Job-printers nowadays are beginning to realize that at least an elementary knowledge of decorative design is very helpful and almost invaluable. From it they learn the value of simplicity, the meaning of balance, of tone, of unity and contrast, and other terms which have a direct bearing and influence on their work toward the attainment of artistic worth. The job-printer is indebted to the typefounder for many devices and designs which help materially in the execu¬ tion of this class of composition at a minimum of time and expense compared with the old methods of rule-cutting, rule¬ twisting, filing and soldering. With such aids, the time con¬ sumed is not so great as the complex appearance of the designs MINING PROPERTIES LOCATED IN THE TONOPAH MINING DISTRICT :: STATE OF NEVADA Fig. 16. THE INLAND PRINTER 399 Fig. 17. 400 THE INLAND PRINTER might indicate. With the material and accessories now at his command, the compositor, if he has acquired some elemental knowledge of decorative arrangement, can evolve many attrac¬ tive designs that are justly entitled to the descriptive term artistic. The three designs shown are intended for colors and may form the bases of many attractive color schemes. A word of explanation in regard to Fig. 15 may be interesting. The circle suggests rule-bending, but in fact a brass circle was used for the rule surrounding the name. A proof was taken of the job and the lower part of the circle was painted out and the ends joined to the rules on either side below, as shown, with ink, and a zinc etching made from the altered proof. The two others were electrotyped. In Fig. 18 is shown a business card set in an ordinary style, when the matter might have suggested a more graceful arrangement. The matter of display is not always a question Fig. 18. of first consideration on such printing, harmony and good taste being equally essential. In this case all these important elements are wanting, but all are possible qualities, as shown by the resetting (Fig. 19). When a firm name is so long thal it will not come into the required measure, except if set in some attenuated face that sacrifices display and spoils the appearance of the job, it is preferable to make two lines of the name, thus affording better display and the use of a type-face more normal and befitting. A panel is a convenient way of disposing of extra matter, but it should be part of the design KENSINGTON ELECTRIC & GENERAL REPAIR CO. Locksmithing, Bicycle Repairing, Fans. electric Construction Motors, Bells, Gas Lighting, Etc. Light Machine Work Phonographs ”L . . and Records 106 Diamond Street Philadelphia Fig. 19. and not thrust upon it. Underscores are a means of display, attracting attention to the line under which they are placed, but their value is lost or minimized if applied indiscriminately. Periods in front of words and word-ornaments under lines are reminiscent of the perverted style of composition that prevailed some years back, but which has no place in modern jobwork. Job composition is type display, and additions in the way of rules and ornament must further that end. THE PRIMITIVE BOOK. The oldest books in existence are, doubtless, those of the Babylonians; but the great permanency of these is explained by the material of which they are composed, and it does not necessarily follow that they were the first books to be made. We know that the Egyptians employed a papyrus roll from the earliest historical periods, and that the Hindoos made their palm-leaf books at a very early day. In short, every civilized nation is discovered, at the very, dawn of its history, in full possession of a system of book-making. It is impossible to decide the question as to whether one nation borrowed from another in developing the idea of book¬ making. Limiting our view strictly to the historic period, we find, as has been said, the five types of books in general use. We have now to consider briefly the distinguishing characteristics of each of these types before going on to note the steps of development through which the modern book was evolved. First let us give attention to the papyrus roll of the Egyptians. As has been said, this type of book was employed in Egypt from the earliest day of the historical period. As is well known, papyrus is a species of primitive paper — the word “ paper ” being, indeed, a derivative of “ papyrus ” — which was made of strips of the papyrus plant placed together to form two thin layers, the fibers of one crossing those of the other, and the whole made into a thin, firm sheet with the aid of glue and mechanical pressure. The strips of papyrus were usually from eight to fourteen inches in width, and from a few feet to several yards in length. This scroll was not used, as might perhaps have been expected, for the insertion of a single continuous column of writing. A moment’s consideration will make it clear that such a method would have created difficul¬ ties both for the scribe and for the reader ; therefore the much more convenient method was adopted of writing lines a few inches in length, so placed as to form transverse columns, which followed one another in regular sequence from the beginning to the end of the scroll. In addition to the flat tablet, the Babylonians and Assyrians wrote some of their books on large prisms and cylinders. Some of these cylinders are as much as two feet in length and eight to ten inches in diameter. Being made of the same material as the tablets, they are necessarily heavy and cumber¬ some, yet they were in some ways more convenient for reading, since they were perforated longitudinally, and placed on a spindle, so as to revolve. In some cases the writing runs from end to end of the cylinder, which is then suspended horizontally. In other cases the cylinder is upright, the col¬ umns running from top to bottom. In the latter case the book is usually not a true cylinder, but a prism of six, eight, or ten sides, each side inscribed with a separate column of writing like the page of a book. These prisms and cylinders were commonly selected by the kings to contain records of their deeds. Thus the British museum contains prisms on which are recorded achievements of such famous conquerors as Sargon, Sennacherib and the Elamite warrior Cyrus. The last-named cylinder has peculiar interest because it describes the taking of Babylon. — Henry Smith Williams, in Harper’s Magazine. GOVERNMENT MONOPOLY AND ESPIONAGE. A decree of the Minister of the Interior of Turkey decides that “ the ink for all printers of Constantinople shall be fur¬ nished exclusively by the state, and that each office must make a demand once a year for all it requires for its own use.” The printers of that city have protested against this decree but without being able to procure modifications of it. The same decree further provides that no printing-office shall have more than one door, and this is to open on the principal street and be accessible to the police at all hours of the night and day; the windows of all offices must be furnished with gratings fine enough to prevent the passage of any manuscript by that means. TIFFANY STVDIOS Originality of conception and execution endow the productions of the Tiffany Studios with an artistic individuality which makes them particularly appropriate for HOLIDAY & WEDDING GIFTS The stock now assembled in our studio showrooms includes exclusive productions in Lamps and Electroliers, Favrile Glass in a variety of forms, together with many attractive articles suitable for desk furnishings or boudoir appointments Photographs will be sent if desired. Correspondence invited. Showrooms open to visitors. 333 to 341 Fourth Avenue, New York One block east of Madison Square Example of Advertising Composition Inland Printer Technical School TERMS : 30 days. Two per cent off for cash in 10 days Weber Pianos For more than half a century characterized by a distinctive tone- quality, pure, rich and sympathetic Endorsed by Leading Musicians Catalogue Mailed Upon Request The Weber Piano Company Fifth Avenue, corner 16th Street, and at Aeolian Hall, 362 Fifth Ave., New York 266 Wabash Ave., Chicago Example of Advertising Compositioi Inland Printer Technical School © u CO ^ g f p ©5 S-S ^ <0 I? 5 Co' ^ ^ I ^ © s § Twenty-fifth Catalogue Roll Top Desks and Fine Office Furniture E. C. SWIFT, President F. W. CROCKER, Treat. EDWARD F. POND, Genl. Manager New York Office and Warerooms 145 Fulton Street Derby Desk Company Office fsf Warerooms, 91-93 Franklin St. Boston, Mass., U.S.A. A resetting of title shown on preceding page. Set in Caslon, a suitable display letter to use with old-style body type, making a consistent title page. pq €f)t l)(stori) of r shipping. Durant Counter must be attached to the press you ordered? IT’S A GOOD SIGN When a DURANT COUNTER comes with a press, for then you Know the press=builder has used the best material. ‘TOCRCUT^/>y>/u fiUSINESC^ j * Our new General Catalog No. 65 contains 224 pages of Stock Cuts, covering every line of business and adapted especially to printers’ use. Sent upon receipt of 25c, which will be refunded on the first order of $2.00. .. .. . Address Department 15. 1 tf ARJiESCROSBY COMPANY [ EWHOOSER/»ar SIS MAOIvfON *TT- CHICAGO' LINO LUBRICATION To make channels, spacebands and matrices perfectly smooth and bright, apply Dixon’s Special Graphite No. 635 Booklet and sample on request. JOSEPH DIXON CRUCIBLE CO., JERSEY CITY, N. J. MAKE BETTER PADS s; r“" It makes the strongest, and most flexible, pad you ever Jesn’t get sticky in hot weather. It’s made of the best materials r ;tter. No other manufacturer does i Write for full particulars. ROBERT R. BURRAGE, 35-37 Frankfort Slreel, New York m Hollister Brothers, Chicago 111 Stipple Covers, Inserts, Labels IS In large or small quantities — promptly, satisfactorily, reason¬ ably. Write for prices, giving size, weight and quantity OUR NEW 600 PAGE CATALOGUE No.3l SHOWING I5QOO STOCK CUTS Sent upon receipt of 25c., which may be ducted from first $2.00 order. _ IE HAWTIN ENGRAVING COMPANY J ATTEND THE BIS SEEL COLLEGE PHOTO (engraving Bissell College sf Photo Engraving NONSMUTTING CARBON PAPERS Samples and price folder of loo varieties sent on request. Mention — Pen orp, Whitfield Carbon Pape A Condensed Carbon Paper Price Lisl Small and Immediate Orders. We ship by express or freight prepaid sam ^(Typewriter) , whether full or semi. s, 123 Liberty St.. Ne' NEW LINOTYPE FACES, j BLACK-LETTER FONTS. f 12-POINT CONDENSED TITLE. (One-Letter Matrices.) GIRL PUTS OUT A FIRE. Did it Unaided, Rather than Alarm Her Brother. ON SHORE AT THE HOOK. Captain and Four of Crew in Peril of Death. 12-POINT CLARENDON NO. 1. (One-Letter Matrices.) “BY OUR OWN FIRESIDE” A Charming' Novel of New England Life as Seen by Eva Wilcox. THE NEW YORK BOOK CO. FIRE ! FIRE ! FIRE ! A GREAT SACRIFICE. $4.00 Hats, at . $2.50 $5.00 Shoes, at . $3.00 $9.00 Suits, at . $5.00 11-POINT DORIC NO. 2. (One-Letter Matrices.) “SIR HENRY JENKS Witchery of Romance Pervades Scenes of This Interesting Book. CHICAGO PRESS CO. BIG SALE OF SHOES Men’s Shoes at. . .$2.00 Men’s Shoes at. . . 3.00 Men’s Shoes at. . . 4.00 Men’s Shoes at. . . 5.00 Men’s Shoes at. . . 6.00 LPT. TITLE NO. 2 WITH ITALIC. (Two-Letter Matrices.) ARSON TO MAKE HIM A HERO. Boy Firebug at Syracuse Gives That Reason for His Acts. WIDER BALTIMORE STREETS. City Council Will be Asked to Set Aside Over $ 1 ,000,000. 8-PT. NO. 2 WITH B. F. NO. 1. (Two-Letter Matrices.) POLICEMAN RESCUES A WOMAN. Despondent at Husband’s Death, She Jumps Into the Bay. TOLEDO, Ohio, April 28. — Officer John McNamara, of the Fort Hamil¬ ton Station, plunged into the Ohio' River and rescued a woman, whom he brought unconscious to the shore! Then he ran a block and called an ambulance from the Norwegian Hos*- 6-Point Linotype Border No. 47. NEW LINOTYPE FACES. BLACK-LETTER FONTS. THE VERTICAL TABLE MATRIX. nittiiiK' Brsit Be Inserte Figur< llnles To 8-POINT GOTHIC NO. 3 WITH 10-POINT CLAR. NO. 1. (Two-Letter Matrices.) THIS CHILD DESERVES PRAISE. AFTER CALLING THE ENGINES, AWAKENS THE TENANTS. Tried to Carry an Infant Down the Stairs, But the Burden is Too Much For Her to Manage. 10-POINT IONIC NO. 1. (One-Letter Matrices.) TEETH MARKS MAY LEAD TO THE MURDERER. Weapon’s Cover Eound in Bottom of Dog-Cart Just After He Got Out of It on the Afternoon of the Tragedy. JAPS COMMAND A group of artistic German THE YALU RIVER. Glassware is also worth your _ attention: First Wireless Message Sent -A-t 25c, worth . 40c. „ , . T xt a At 30c? worth . . 50c. from the Japanese Head- At 40c, worth _ ..... 60c. quarters Monday. At 50c, worth . 75c. 10-POINT BOLD FACE NO. 1. (One-Letter Matrices.) THE UNITED TRUST COMPANY OF BUFFALO. 1478 Dearborn Street. Capital and Surplus. . $9,362,841 Undivided Profits . . 4,872,355 LAWRENCE WARDELL, President. MERGENTHALER LINOTYPE CO. New York. Chicago. San Francisco. New Orleans. 6-Point Linotype Border No. n. THE INLAND PRINTER 441 Perforating, Scoring, Numbering, Printing — ONE, OPERATION Practically a pinhole per¬ foration of the most approved character. A clean cut — not merely an indentation. Interlocking sections pro¬ viding for any length of perforation with cross sections. Sates New Models, No. 45 and No. 46 Perfect Registration of Perforations. Absolutely Accurate Numbering. Unequaled Presswork. Entire Former Cost Eliminated. model The Bates Machine Co. model no. 27 - MAKERS - no. 20 For General Offices, 346 Broadway, New York.U.S.A. For Cash General Use BRANCH OFFICES: Sale Books MANCHESTER, ENGLAND — 2 Cooper Street. 1 to 50 Number Backward BRUSSELS, BELGIUM— 14 Rue Des Hirondelles. AGENCIES : 50 to 1 or Type Founders and Dealers in Printers Repeating Forward Materials Everywhere. Automatically SIZES AND PRICES Length 2-inch 2^-inch 2^ -inch Plating Six-inch . . Eight-inch . Ten-inch . . Twelve-inch Fifteen-inch Twenty-inch Rouse Job Sticks are unrrvaled_ for accuracy, convenience and durability Adjust instantly to picas or nonpareils. No job office complete without them. MADE ONLY BY Sold by H. B. Rouse & Co., i c8 E. Huron Street, Chicago. representative dealers everywhere. Illustrated Booklet Free. John Haddon & Co., London, Sole Agents for Great Britain. 442 THE INLAND PRINTER The Kidder Press Co. GIBBS-BROWER CO., Agents j Roll Feed Bed and Platen Presses, Multi-color Rotary Wrapping Paper Presses Straight and Adjustable Rotary Presses Slitting and Rewinding Machinery DOUBLE QUARTO PERFECTING PRESS WITH NUMBERING ATTACHMENT It will pay you to investigate the advantages of our Roll Feed Bed and Platen Presses for many kinds of work. We build them to print in two colors, on both sides of the web, number, perforate both ways, slit and rewind. Don’t determine that you can’t get a press to do what you want until you have consulted us. The Genesee Band Slitter No more “kicks” from the bindery. Perfect slitting guaranteed. GIBBS - BROWER CO., Agents 150 NASSAU STREET, NEW YORK THE INLAND PRINTER 443 20th Century Reliance Router PAUL SHNIEDEWEND & CO. CHICAGO, U. S. A. MYERS’ Stereotype and Tissue Papers BRUSH and MACHINE Great Depth, Sharp Impression , Quick Drying , Little Packing, Sure Cast . For strength, depth of impression, and the great number of casts that can be taken, they are unequaled — more than one hundred perfect casts have been taken from the same matrix. Send size required, stating whether for Brush or Machine , and samples with prices will be mailed. Various sizes and weights kept on hand. B. St O. MYERS, I© Reek man St., New York ESTABLISHED 1870 444 THE INLAND PRINTER THE, HUBER* HODGM AN PRINTING PRESS THE above picture shows the erecting room of the new Huber-Hodgman Printing Press, The factory building, designed especially for press building, is 90 feet wide and 515 feet long — filled with new tools of the latest designs and labor-saving appliances — and gives us a capacity of a press per day. The new press must be seen to be appreciated; it has all the strength and rigidity of the justly celebrated crank. The movement is smooth and runs very lightly without jar, giving a high rate of speed. The new press has both fly and printed-side-up deliveries, in combination, and has been designed with all the labor-saving devices, to give the greatest returns with the least delays. We show a cut on this page of the Four-roller Pony, 28 x 33. We would be pleased to show this new press running in some of the best printing plants, giving the finest results. Our new sizes are: 28 x33 Two and Four Rollers. Type matter, 22 x 29 4654*56 Four Rollers . . Type matter, 4054 x 52 31x43 “ “ “ “ “ 25 x 39 4654x62 “ “ . . “ “ 4054x 56 38 x 48 “ “ “ “ “ 32 x 44 49 x 66 “ “ . . “ “ 43 x 62 42 x52 Four Rollers- “ “ 36x48 VAN ALLENS & BOUGHTON 19 to 23 Rose St., 59 Ann Street T au*n ton. Mass. NEW YORK Western Office, 277 Dearborn Street H. W. THORNTON, Manager Telephone, 801 Harrison. CHICAGO Agents, Pacific Coast, HADWEN SWAIN MFG. COMPANY 215 Spear Street, San Francisco, Cal. igland, P. LAWRENCE, 57 Shoe Lane, London 1, E.C. THE INLAND PRINTER 445 lfi(,LER 1-23 RdR(MY SI ma ilEVYORK 4 » FOR ALL DESIGNING Line. andlj^ocl £fi-§rami6 EUECTOOTYPING NICKEL TYPING STEREOTYPING 446 THE INLAND PRINTER The Inland Printer Business Directory. TEe firms enumerated below are reliable, and are commended to the notice of those seeking materials, machinery or special service for the Printing, Illustrating and Bookbinding Industries. CElerTJC.EescBe°ntSIGoods”’ ADVERTISING NOVELTIES OF WOOD. ILfh SK’SmjMp&tf. BALL PROGRAMS AND INVITATIONS. IsA|r’He:CNRY C., Bleecker st„ New BOXWOOD FOR ENGRAVERS. GRAM^nissoruwnrg GooodSGrand Rapids* BRASS RULE AND BRASS GALLEYS. Eddy ■*" Sh'™“ CHARCOAL FOR ENGRAVERS. A'ldT4’oc.hci”.°„”d COATED PA ET»S?l™^SiJg»SS FLOy "I St""' G^w.^SVdoS' ”New hts J;*”1' 2” M”,bmy New ,'sf“ss;'S-I£afa MS= Si .Ys5: ELECTROTYPERS AND MANUFAC- L°VNe°v YorkPANY’ THE’ 444 and 446 Pearl St" ELECTROTYPERS’ AND STEREOTYP- •A c“IS"^c SSSfSZJ*’ 3SSING DIES AND THE INLAND PRINTER 447 448 THE INLAND PRINTER THE INLAND PRINTER BUSINESS DIRECTORY— Continued. “n°oifeV, Phil*d' E CO., 146-148 Worth Street, NEW YORK CITY A GENTS — American Type Founders Co., Branches in Boston, New York, Philadelphia, Baltimore, Buffalo, Pittsburg, Cleveland, Cincinnati, Chicago, St. Louis, Kansas City, Minneapolis, Denver, Portland, Spokane, Seattle, San Francisco and Los Angeles; Dodson Printers’ Supply Co., Atlanta ; Crescent Type Foundry, Chicago ; Conner, Fendler & Co., New York ; F. Wesel Manufacturing Co., New York ; Bruce Type Foundry, New York; Gether-Drebert-Perkins Co., Milwaukee; The Pelouze Paper & Type Co., Richmond. All Agents Prepay Freight, and Carry Stock 456 THE INLAND PRINTER cA Short Story — quickly told: Sim on ds’ SC /lives ARE BEST Not Best “Just Because,” but BEST by virtue ol carefully selected high-grade steel, evenly tempered, accurately ground cutting edge. We have had 64 years’ experience in the production of Knives of undisputed superiority and general excellence. * « 4 « • ' 4 « 11 1 t c € f © © " © I t „ ‘ 1 i ALL PROGRESSIVE PRINTERS DEMAND THE BEST Simonds Sfianufacturing Co. CHICAGO, ILL. FITCHBURG, MASS. NEW YORK CITY. NEW ORLEANS. PORTLAN D, OR E. S A N FR A N C 1 SCO. ADDRESS KNIFE DEPARTMENT. SIMONDS’ KNIVES ARE BEST mm THE CARVER SWIFT a 88D STAMPING > EMBOSSING PRESS ON EXHIBITION LIBERAL ARTS PALACE, BLOCK 11 MILLER & RICHARD, Canadian Agts. 7 Jordan Street, TORONTO, CAN. UNEXCELLED FOR Simplicity, rigidity and durability of construction, Economy of operation, Quantity and quality of production. C.R. CARVER COMPANY N. E. Cor. 15 th Street and Lehigh Avenue PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA H. D. BLACK, 40. RED, 2474. ORANGE. 620. BLUE, 2478. The Queen City Printing Ink Co. 1925 South St., CINCINNATI, 0. 345 Dearborn St., CHICAGO / H*D* 147 Pearl St., BOSTON (BOOK] 734 Sansom St., PHILADELPHIA \JNK> The Reasons WHY YOU SHOULD Necessary for good printing Never to blame for poor printing Has cured hundreds of cases of Ink Troubles , and is the best seed for a growing printing business.... QUEEN CITY INK THE QUEEN CITY HD- (BOOK) JNK- 1925 South St., .... Cincinnati 345 Dearborn St., .... Chicago 147 Pearl St., . Boston 734 Sansom St., . . . Philadelphia PRINTING INK CO. THE INLAND PRINTER 457 £ H ' t Se»S a o %• idSli H s- ic»i p I a MM Ml i\^cvo-Gjco^uil. MARK MARK MARK ESTABLISHED 1830 i Jji Now about Good Knives LORING COES When you get your knife like this You get COES’ Qualitr ™« Improved V^cvo-Vjjvo^tiL Finish Even Temper MABK (which CAN be duplicated) and The “Coes Package” The COES Package is a new wrinkle, and that means “a good thing.” Wait and see the “aggregation” copy it. , _ _ WRITTEN WARRANT IF YOU SAY SO. SPEAKING of priority, we did not buy out any old defunct knife house to s",hs,| 8 3 0 That fellow in the other corner has been here, right here, since 1830 Coes is always first ! Write Worcester, Mass. § o l • t «*s h # a < c l * i ilJpi <*s k # & < c I I 1 iispl h fi L. Coes Ci Co. f (Inc.) NEW YORK AND VICINITY: G. V. ALLEN, 10 Warren St., NEW YORK. g * 3 **ispl *s k MM ^cvo-GjfoiliL. MM 458 THE INLAND PRINTER Nil. ENAMELED BOOK Whitest, Highest Finish and the Best Printer The Champion Coated Paper Co. HAMILTON, OHIO THE INLAND PRINTER 459 TW i i I— npHE value of all engravers’ work depends not only on pure technical skill, but on the ability to grasp the vital point of any piece of work— viz., the commercial feature — and emphasize that point. Upon this abil¬ ity depends to a large extent the effectiveness of all advertising literature. THE FACT that the Barnes-Crosby Company is the largest engraving concern in the country — with a list of customers including the great manufacturing concerns , the suc¬ cessful mail-order houses, the large advertising agencies, the largest retail advertisers, and hundreds of other discriminating users of engraving and commercial art— -IS SUFFI¬ CIENT PROOF OF THE VALUE OF B-C SERVICE. ENGRAVING DAY AND NIGHT We are in continuous operation — day and night. Out-of-town business handled quickly % Communicate with our nearest office Barnes-Crosby Company cARTISTS E.W. HOUSER. President COMMERCIAL ELECTROTYPERS ENGRAVERS PHOTOGRAPHERS CHICAGO NEW YORK ST. LOUIS 460 THE INLAND PRINTER "out om mr NITED STATES C0L0RTYPE C9 THE INLAND PRINTER 461 oAre You About to Start a Newspaper or Buy One Already Started? IF SO, YOU SHOULD HAVE Establishing a / |AHE latest work on this subject pub- lished. It is a handbook not only for the prospective publisher, but includes suggestions for the financial ad- Newspaper-* By O. F. BYXBEE tains 114 pages, is bound in cloth, and neatly printed. Sent postpaid to any address on receipt of price, $1.00. Send at once before edition is exhausted. Circular telling all about it sent free. We INLAND PRINTER CO., Publishers, ‘Sloth’ ^Motors are the best adapted for Print¬ ers’ cTWachinery. o4re very economical and make profits at every turn. When in doubt . Try the “Roth.” To be certain. . . Buy the “Roth.” Write for Bulletins. ROTH BROS. CS, CO. 27- 29 S. Clinton St., CHICAGO. ILL. Phone, Main 2429 462 THE INLAND PRINTER GEO. E. CRANE Prest&Mgr. MANUFACTURERS 1M -116 SHERMAN ST, CHICAGO, ILL ©jalmamt Printing 3lnh (Cmngang MANUFACTURERS OF ALL GRADES OF BLACK AND COLORED Printing , Lithographic , Plate and Stamping Inks BRANCH STORES PRINCIPAL OFFICE AND WORKS Chicago Kansas City Omaha ST. LOUIS, MO., U. S. A. APFY Typographic Numbering Machine rn 9b A JL Machines for Cash Sales Books, i to 50 or 1 to 100 and repeat Patented March 27, 1900. Size, l/sx % inch. Type High. Made entirely from Steel and fully automatic. Special machines made to order with drop ciphers, entirely automatic, for printing backward without stopping the press ; also, machines for Harris Automatic Press, or any other special numbering machine or device. We have made Numbering Machines of various kinds for many years, and having a thorough knowledge of the other machines of this kind, have produced the APEX as the highest point in the art of making this class of goods, and the APEX in the hands of many users has proved to be the best, without exception. References and prices on application. New York Stencil Works 100 Nassau Street. :: :: NEW YORK CITY THE INLAND PRINTER 463 We are recognized leaders in the art of Fine Designing and Engraving in ONE color, for catalogues, circulars, folders, or anything else that needs to be illustrated 464 THE INLAND PRINTER flappr Ptmririug iiaririurii COVERED BY THE BROADEST GUARANTEE 10 STYLES 8o CtS. to $200 We recently installed five of the above punches in one city The result of the installation last year of one machine. Style B — Foot Power Machine. The Sam’l C. Tatum Co. Card Index Tab Cutters, Round Cornering and Label Cutting Attachments, made by us are in use throughout the world. Capable of double the output of other makes. CINCINNATI, OHIO NEW YORK OFFICE. ... 174 FULTON STREET Makers of the most complete line of PAPER PUNCHES operated by Hand, Foot, Steam or Electricity. Our Catalogue is most complete. We should like you to have a copy. Special Shape Punching Member. Standard R< id Hole Member. FIVE RICH AND HANDSOME COLORS — TWO FINISHES— DECKLE EDGE *J[ Especially adapted for the best in program, booklet and catalog covers. ^Write for sample book. Visit our exhibit at the St. Louis Exposition, in Liberal Arts Building, Group No. 24, Block 2, Aisles B— 3 MITTINEAGUE PAPER COMPANY H. A. MOSES, President and Treasurer. & MITTINEAGUE, MASSACHUSETTS, U. S. A, C A RRI ED BY THE FC J. E. LINDE PAPER CO. . 214-222 William Street L L O W I N G New York, N. Y. CHAS. BECK PAPER CO. . THE PAPER MILLS’ CO. THE WHITAKER PAPER CO. A. ZELLERBACH & SONS . A. ZELLERBACH & SONS . WRIGHT, BARRETT & STILWELL CO. BAY STATE CARD & PAPER CO. CARTER, RICE & CO., Inc. . GRAHAM PAPER CO. R. P. ANDREWS & CO., Inc. CENTRAL OHIO PAPER CO. X, & F. B. GARRETT . . . ALLING & CORY . . ALLING & CORY . C. P. LESH PAPER CO. LOUISVILLE PAPER CO. . DETROIT PAPER CO. R. M. MYERS & CO. . . BUNTIN, REID & CO. THE JOHN LESLIE PAPER CO. Philadelphia, Pa. Chicago Cincinnati, O. San Francisco Los Angeles St. Paul, Minn. Boston Boston . St. Louis Washington Columbus, O. . . Syracuse Buffalo, N. Y. Pittsburg, Pa. Indianapolis, Ind. . Louisville, Ky. Detroit, Mich. Rochester, N. Y. . Toronto Minneapolis, Minn. FOREIGN AGENTS: G. F. SMITH laiit\ ijipp Sc Hiring 139 LAKE STREET CHICAGO Bookbinders’ Supplies Paper Box Makers’ Supplies Straw Boards Cloth Boards Tar Boards Interlaken Mills Book Cloth Pulp Boards Glazed and Plated Papers Jute Boards Mat Boards LINEN PAPERS WITH THESE WATERMARKS ARE ACKNOWLEDGED TO BE OF THE HIGHEST QUALITY. SEND FOR SAMPLE BOOK. CRANE BROS.. PAPER MAKERS WESTFIELD. MASS. L.Martenson&Co. =^MACHINISTS— Printers’ and Bookbinders’ Machinery a Specialty 186 and 198 South Clark Street, Sixth Floor, Rear. CHICAGO. CARBON BLACK MADE BY Godfrey L. Cabot BOSTON, MASS. CCLIP3E. SUNSET. ELF. BANNER. THE INLAND PRINTER 479 PIRIE’S CELEBRATED GUMMED PAPERS 33 Rose St., New YorK. S. P. Shotter Company Rosin Oils PRINTING INK GET OUR PRICES AND SAMPLES MITTAG ■ & VOLGER CARBON PAPERS TYPEWRITER RIBBONS MITTAG & VOLGER’S SUPERLATIVE INKS In conn^g^Si?^°ns to PARK RIDGE, NEW JERSEY bonnerwith Bros. (Ealntbars anil iPatts 78 Duane Street, New York, N.Y. 963-967 De K; Brooklyn, N.Y. WHY YOU NEED IT! Another "Reason — JVo. 6 Acme Ink Reducer Is an ASK The Mergenthaler Co. The Lanston Co. WHAT THEY THINK OF THE BLATGHFORD METALS Practical Guide to (Embossing TELLS ALL ABOUT EMBOSSING HOW TO DO IT ON AN ORDINARY JOB PRESS The best work yet published. Tou should have one. 6fKwYork.reet The Inland Printer Co. 130 [ Come, let’s talk it over TF OV'R METAL * is good enough for the J+ J+ Chicago Tribune , tvhy not for you ? GREAT WESTERN SMELTING AND REFINING CO. ^ jft L Machines “Krause” |fgp IT Louis Dejonge&Co. 69, 71-73 Duane Street ' aI( V — - NEW YORK. Yfest^ocfcet Manual of printing 480 THE INLAND PRINTER The Inland Printer— June, 1904. CONTENTS. INDEX TO ADVERTISEMENTS. | iissii&i «1 |l* r?:J N.*li$lSs$3SS£ mm * silk «Ml ft mVs'HHss sshs, Vol. XXXIII, No. 4. JULY, 1904. Price, 30 Cents. Henry Lindenmeyr €s Sons Balzac Cream Laid No. 34. C Natural Laid Reflex Double Coated Limoges Double Coated Strong are the latest additions to our unexcelled lines of good BOOK PAPERS Vrompt shipments from stocK. Paper Warehouses 3 2 to 36 Bleecker Street 20 Beekman Street New YorK lioipokc, mass., 15. S .H. ■Nok i *• en Ledger*»}LNead2aUe«ters •'Congress^Linen^agBo^;.^ ^ made Holyoke, Mass., U. S. A. “BEST VALUE PAPER ” Specialties in Paper Cardboard and Covers Correspondence Solicited U NIONP^tCO. 2/ ‘Beekman St ree f/ew ^ ork SEND FOR OUR. NEW BOOK OF Samples of Specialties in ! COVER PAPERS lade in three styles, in twenty-four colors, in 2i x 33, 3 and 80 lb. These papers are made only by ourselves nfque'foT A^ertisfng^An^ounceme^s^Boolde^CoversI ; VELLUM and SATIN TINTS In fifteen colors. 21x33. 60 and 80 lb. J A successful alteration cannot be made on these Safety Papers They are used almost exclusively by the large financial institutions throughout the country for checks, drafts, Pink, Blue, Green, Primrose and Stone Pink, Blue, Green, Primrose, Stone and Yellow National Safety Bankers Safety We are special agents for these papers and carry in stock $15.00 17.00 17 x 28, all colors, per rear 19 x 28, all colors, per rear Write for Discounts 17 x 22, all colors, per 17 x 24, all colors, per 19x 24, all colors, per $13.00 13.50 15.00 4-1 482 THE INLAND PRINTER O U T P U T ER twenty-seven hundred Presses and Paper Cutters are now produced in the Chandler & Price factory in twelve months. This has brought the cost of manufacturing to a minimum, and is the reason why a printer can obtain a heavy machine, the acme of construction, at the price now furnished. It also makes possible the carrying of all parts of all sizes, and enables the factory to ship out parts on the day the order comes in. This feature will save printers great annoyance and expensive delays, as breaks come when work is being rushed and delays mean loss of business. The construction of the Chandler & Price presses and cutters, their durability, the permanency of the manufacturing institution, insure the printer a market for his secondhand C. & P. machines, and he can realize nearer the first cost than on any other platen presses or lever cutters now offered to the trade. The Chandler & Price guarantee is not a meaningless phrase, and the printer can be assured from the invest¬ ment in plant and the reputation attained and to be sustained that every machine produced is backed up by the manufacturers, and any defect in material and workmanship will be made good without question. THE CHANDLER & PRICE COMPANY Manufacturers of High-grade Printing Machinery (CLEVELAND OHIO U S A, All Machines for Sale by Dealers * ’ • • • THE INLAND PRINTER 483 OES Calendar 1905 Pads Stock Certificates Bond Blanks Diploma Blanks * We are the originators of these specialties for printers’ use. Our Calendar Pads are Lithographed (not printed), which insures uniformity of color and margin. We have 38 styles and sizes. Samples for 1905 now ready. Our line of blanks is recognized as the largest and most com¬ plete on the market. 100 styles StocK Certificates 47 44 Bond Blanks 10 44 Diplomas 4 44 Check Blanks Samples and prices on application. Lithographers, whose facilities are limited, will find it to their advantage to have us execute their large orders for color and commercial work. We run eighteen lithograph presses, sizes 17 x 22 to 44 x 64 inches (your imprint on your orders). Trade work is one of our specialties. Goes Lithographing Company Sixty=First and Clark Streets CHICAGO 484 THE INLAND PRINTER f( - O' RRL/' — * _ ~\ m PRD/y' ^Pr — — f Chicago-1893 St. Louis=1904 The printer who compares the two great American Exhibitions will not fail to note the one great advance that has been made in his art in the past eleven years — Automatic Printing. And when you speak of Auto¬ matic Printing, the printer at once thinks — “Harris Press” See our practical exhibit in Block n, Liberal Arts Building. Sit down there and study it, from the Little Wonder to our newest and latest Dogood. This exhibit epitomizes the greatest advance since Chicago. It is all separate piece presses — no webs; all guaranteed to do good work at a mini¬ mum output of 5,000 per hour. For full particulars regarding the above machine and other presses we build, address, THE HARRIS AUTOMATIC PRESS CO. CHICAGO— Old Colony Building NILES, OHIO NEW YORK— 26 Cortlandt Street For machines in countries other than the United States and Canada, address the Anglo-American Inventions Syndicate, Ltd., 19 Cursitor Street, Chancery Lane, London, E. C., England. Campbell Printing Press & Mfg. Co., 334 Dearborn Street, Chi c ag o . Gent 1 emen: In 1895 we purchased from you a No. 4 Century pony and for a number of years used it on all classes of work. Today this press is doing its share of our output and the quality is equal to that of nine years ago. In 1898 we purchased the press upon which this insert sheet is printed, a No. 2, size 36x48. In 1900 we added a No. 0, 43x56, and since then purchased several additional presses of larger sizes. Our entire equipment of two- revolution presses bear the name of Century. We buy them because we be¬ lieve they are the best constructed machines on the market, and that, although the first cost is greater, their long and useful life amply repays the expenditure. We believe that in building up our reputation for high-grade work we have been greatly aided by Century presses. There is nothing that any make of press can do that the Century will not do and there are many essential points about the Century that no other press possesses. We have nothing but kind words to say for our money-makers. Respectful ly. The Campbell Printers. THE INLAND PRINTER 485 The Only Cutter Built with an INDEPENDENT AUTOMATIC CLAMP. Cuts as accurately as a Hand Clamp. Our latest efforts will no doubt be appreciated by many users of cutting machines, who have long felt the necessity of a fast Automatic Clamping Paper Cutter which would be both practical and reliable for the finest and most accurate work, and at the same time have sufficient weight and strength to with¬ stand the strain of modern demands. THE IMPROVED HOLYOKE WILL EASILY FULFIL EVERY REQUIREMENT. Built in sizes 34, 38, 44, 48, 54, 64, 74 and 84 inches. THE SEYBOLD MACHINE CO. Main Office and Factory . . DAYTON, OHIO, U. S. A. NEWYORK CHICAGO BERLIN LONDON Manufacturers of high-grade Machines for Bookbinders, Printers, Lithographers. Paper Mills, Paper Houses, etc. Southern Agents— J. H. SCHROETER & BRO., Atlanta, Ga. THE J. L. MORRISON CO., Toronto, Can. LOUISIANA PURCHASE EXPOSITION (St. Louis, Mo.), PALACE OF LIBERAL ARTS, Block No. 10. the Seybold Improved fiolyoke Cutter 486 THE INLAND PRINTER Improved Keystone Cutter 34- Inch Special No need to tell you about the material and workmanship of these machines. They cant be beat ! The price is low and what is wanted in any well-equipped plant. -, £ 0 3 ^ 1° k , £3 C O o w) STJ2 JH o .2 >-> CCS 3 •- G - n D & j* £.s 2 -t-j o rt G C I =3 1 2 . s ■* S g s I 8 f £ ! = 6 g g : 51 V3 !-E u x O || I 3 O 3 « ’C •" _Q — G- C ' O 'G •3 0 3 3 £ « -3 Gjj • — O O u 3 G 5 rt , £ = f • H E-S. > • • ! . £2 ’ ^ 2* i CD Rose Green Coated Two Sides ) Primrose India Tint Sold by Paper Dealers Everywhere The Champion Coated Paper Co. HAMILTON, OHIO Unexcelled for its perfect folding quality, pliability and unusual strength UNSURPASSED FOR EMBOSSING THE INLAND PRINTER 505 Westinghouse Motors For Driving Presses, Binders, Folders, etc. Are you posted regarding our Type S Direct Current Motors ? Circular 1068 tells about them ; write for it. Westinghouse Electric & Mfg. Co. Pittsburg, Pa. New York, Atlanta, Dallas, Baltimore, Boston, Buffalo, Chicago, Cincinnati, Cleveland, Detroit, Los Angeles, Minneapolis, New Orleans, Philadelphia, Pittsburg, St. Louis, Salt Lake City , San Francisco, Syracuse, Seattle, Denver, Mountain Electric Co. Mexico: O. & O. Braniff & Co., City of Mexico. For Canada: Canadian Westinghouse Co., Limited, Hamilton, Ontario. A GOOD CUTTER It runs fast. It stays right, It cuts accurately. It’s the ADVANCE POWER CUTTER. The paper cutter with a guarantee. Send for free circular. SOLD BX DEALERS EVEBTWHERE Manufactured by TEe CHALLENGE- MACHINERY CO., Grand Haven, Michigan SALESROOM AND WAREHOUSE : 127-129 Market St., CHICAGO 506 THE INLAND PRINTER Dexter Folders and Feeders THE DEXTER RAPID DROP-ROLL DOUBLE-SIXTEEN BOOK FOLDER THE DEXTER AUTOMATIC PRINTING PRESS FEEDING MACHINE SOLE AGENTS Great Britain and Europe T.W. & C. B. Sheridan, London, Eng. Canada , J. L. Morrison Co., Toronto Australia , Alex. Cowan & Sons Melbourne, Sydney, Adelaide South Africa, John Dickinson & Co. Cape Town, Johannesburg and Durbar Mexico, Louis L. Lomer, Mexico City Southern Agents, J.H.Schroeter&Bro. Atlanta, Ga. Write for Catalogues and Full Information. DEXTER FOLDER CO. Main Office and Factory — PEARL RIVER, NEW YORK CHICAGO NEW YORK BOSTON LOUISIANA PURCHASE EXPOSITION, ST. LOUIS, MO. Palace of Liberal Arts, Block No. io. THE INLAND PRINTER 507 508 THE INLAND PRINTER Our Sample Sets are the finest in the field. Write for in¬ formation. WM. FREUND & SONS, 174-176 State Street, CHICAGO, ILLINOIS Commercial better Headings attD Justness Caros Echoing 31n1ritattons Calling Carts Cntbossrt Stationer)) The BEST Press ON EARTH for the MONEY! wtr "Bargains 3 Cylinder Presses — good as new. 2 Ideals. 8 Fine Washington Presses. 40 Chases — good. 50 Rubber Blankets. 100 Kegs Ink. ffjjggp SOLD hy 2$ Leading Type Foundries and Supply Houses Have sold our presses to nearly FIFTEEN HUNDRED PRINTERS THAT IS POPULARITY pricl»f°etc?.fatoI^s: W. G. WALKER & CO., Mi tdLsoiJ, Wisconsin THE INLAND PRINTER 509 PRINTERS JENNEY MOTORS Merely some of the representative establishments ; there are hundreds of others. Such concerns as the above are discriminating motor buyers. Why did they give us their contracts (a number of them for 50, 60, and as high as 250 motors) after careful investigation and tests? Was it a mere happen-so? We think not. Let us tell you why these concerns selected the Jenney Motor in preference to all others. JENNEY ELECTRIC MFC. CO., Indianapolis, Ind. s4556 FRANKLIN ALL BRANCHES ILLUSTRATING AND ENGRAVING ^ THE MOST ) PROGRESSIVE .HOUSE INj m THE CITY m 96 — 98' ffl ))) READE ST\V\ / NEW YORKN Chas. Hellmuth MANUFACTURING AGENT FOR KAST & EHINGER Awarded Grand Pr at Pari: Printing and Lithographic Printing and INKSI SPECIALTIES FINE HALFTONE BLACKS for job and magazine worK Bi=tone Inks, Three=Color PROCESS INKS BRILLIANT COVER INKS in various shades and combinations Unsurpassed Proving BlacKs 3S7-3S9 S. Clark Street, Chicago THE STERLING ENGRAVING COMPANY 510 THE INLAND PRINTER THE LATEST Quadruple 16 Book Folder Double Thirty-two All folds are at right angles. All “buckling” is relieved. MADE BY BROWN FOLDING MACHINE CO. ERIE, PA. AGENCIES NEW YORK — H. L. Egbert & Co. 150 Nassau Street CHICAGO — Champlin & Smith 121 Plymouth Place LONDON — W. C. Horne & Sons 5 Torrens Street, City Road THE INLAND PRINTER 511 Linotype Correcting Bank THIS will be found a most useful piece of furniture in every office using the Linotype machine. It is most substantially built of hardwood. There is a metablined chute from the working top leading to the truck which receives the discarded slugs. The slugs are then trucked from the bank to the furnace. The truck is metal lined throughout, mounted on heavy swivel castor truck-wheels. The box is hung so that the contents can be dumped by the aid of a lever. THE EAGLE CORRECTING BANK The length is 6 feet, width 25 inches, height 42^ inches. There are 30 galley shelves 22% inches wide, deep enough to take a full-length galley. At the back are hooks for holding copy. Price of Cabinet , $100 Price of Truck , $40 LESS USUAL DISCOUNT Our goods are carried in stock by all first-class dealers in the United States, Canada, Mexico, South America, Great Britain, France, Norway and Sweden, Germany, Austria, South Africa, Australia and India. Ask for Hamilton Goods, and see that you get them. Look for Stamp. The Hamilton Mfg|. Co. Main Office and Factory .... TWO RIVERS, WIS. Eastern Office and Warehouse, MIDDLETOWN, N. Y. J86§“ A valuable Line-Gauge, graduated by picas, mailed free to every printer who will write for it. Additional Gauges for two cents each in stamps to pay postage. We have the largest assortment of patterns for making Wood Type, including all the old patterns 1 of American manufacturers for the past fifty years. We can match any wood type face ever shown. 512 THE INLAND PRINTER V/nj rr^D ZOLOssf'/P? £4 H. D. BLACK, 40. ORANGE, 2518. PURPLE, 407. The Queen City Printing Ink Co. Coated Paper. Made by The Champion Coated Paper Co. COPYRIGHT, 1904, BY THE QUEEN CITY PRINTING INK CO. 1925 South St., CINCINNATI, 0. 345 Dearborn St., CHICAGO 147 Pearl St., BOSTON 734 Sansom St., PHILADELPHIA Their Ways of Showing Satisfaction The Child Says... “Candy! that is the fondest thing I am of.” The Man Says... “Same as Last,” when ordering Queen City Ink. A single order and you will GET THE HABIT. GET THE QUEEN CITY INK HABIT AND YOU WILL SAY “Same as Last,” and have the satis¬ faction of knowing NO BETTER INK CAN BE MADE. The Queen City Printing Ink Co. 1925 South St., - 345 Dearborn St., 147 Pearl St., 734 Sansom St., - Cincinnati - Chicago - - Boston Philadelphia Copyright, : THE LEADING TRADE JOURNAL OF THE WORLD IN THE PRINTING AND ALLIED INDUSTRIES. Vol. XXXIII. No. 4. CHICAGO, JULY, 1904. A FURTHER CHRONICLE FOR PRINTERS. OW, the number of printers’ supply agents who came unto the city that was burned was three thousand nine hundred and seventeen. Nor did any man await to get busy until he arrived, for was there not the telegraph? And whereso¬ ever the train stoppeth a drum¬ mer hasteneth to send a message to one who was burned out, saying : Mailed catalogue. Telegraph order to house collect. Will see you to-night. And to another : Can ship entire office in forty-five minutes. Wire shipping directions. I’ll select outfit. And unto another : Wait for me — will save you money. Every man knoweth that when a printer receiveth a telegram it cometh unto him in the manner that is called “■ collect,” and, moreover, the getting of it is as an evil omen, being that it is usually a sign of a countermand ; but when the printers who were burned out did receive such a great number of prepaid tele¬ grams from those who sold supplies these messages were' to them as the smell of gunpowder to a war horse — they walked hither and thither and tore their hair, and longed that they might get to their daily labor, and unto them came many customers,' one of whom sayeth : When wilt thou print the next issue of the “Star of Hope?” We crave eight pages and a cover, and it is even now sorely needed. And another sayeth : I have at last secured quarters in the rear portion of a sugar hogshead ; now print me in haste notices that I may send to my customers. Mark thou that I ask not the price. Now these printers were of those who had been in business, and they who had wares to sell came upon them and did abide with them even in the manner that the tick abideth with the faithful dog.. 4-3 But there were many skilled workmen who looked with envious eyes upon the lot of him who "employeth, and straightway gave themselves over to meditations upon that day on which they should go in business for themselves, and although, perchance, one could make ready a vignetted half-tone so that its edge fadeth from sight like unto the profit on job composition at night, yet he knoweth not the difference between a sight draft and a notice of protest ; howbeit for every man who cometh into the world there is a chance to learn. One of these discontented men said unto, his neighbor : Lo, but last week I had a few words with my boss and he despitefully used me. Now, will I go in business that I may get even with him? And another said, I have two hundred dollars; if I were my own boss I could go to the circus without abasing myself by asking to get off. And another : My wife’s uncle knoweth one who sitteth in the Second Branch of the City Council. I shall go in business and secure the city printing. And all these hearkened unto the counsel of the evil one and went into the printing business. Of the goodly number of agents who came into the town many there were who came upon these men who aspired within three years to put the Government Printing-office in the hands of a receiver, and the sight of these men filled the hearts of those who were drum¬ mers with great gladness, and many said unto them¬ selves : Lo, but this is too easy ; and others said : Is this not like securing funds from your immediate ancestors? And it was so. The manner of the drummer is this : He ariseth in the morning and arrayeth himself in costly gar¬ ments and ladeth himself with many fine cigars and goeth forth. And when he seeth a man who looketh like he knoweth not when he is well off, he extendeth 514 THE INLAND PRINTER unto him a glad hand and with the other he handeth him a cigar and straightway asketh : Hast thou had thy lunch? And he filleth him with rich viands and jollyeth him with many words. And he taketh his order. After he that was filled with many good things to eat had selected those things that go to make up a printing outfit and had added unto his order a set of extension feed-guides and a copy of a book called “ How to Make Money out of the Printing Business,” written by one who selleth typesetting machines, he cleareth his throat twice or perchance thrice, and standeth upon one foot for a space and then upon the other one for a season, and sayeth : In what manner can I buy all these things, seeing that I have no money nor own I any land? And he that was arrayed in glad garments said unto him : Be of good cheer. It is truly easy, and he went unto his grip (for in those days a man’s traveling case was his roll-top desk) and he took therefrom eleven pads of instalment notes and a blank form of chattel mortgage. And his voice was filled with meekness, saying: Thou art the friend of my heart. Let there not come between us the jingling sound of sordid coin. Rather affix thou thy name unto each of these notes. If thou desirest, each of these shall be for an even round amount and one shall fall due every thirty days. But if it is thy wish that the amount of each shall be trifling and one that thou shalt not miss, it shall be so, and one shall fall due every fifteen minutes. It shall be as thou sayeth. And he who was embarking on the getting of much experience considered for the space of an instant and one-half and then he made answer that the notes should be for the trifling amount. Thereupon he fell to affixing his name to the notes, and when it was accomplished it was then in the middle of the third watch of the night, and they went forth and called from his slumbers a notary, that he should impress his seal upon the bond and mortgage that the law might be fulfilled. And when it was done, he that had bought waxed exceeding cheerful, and he sang aloud in his gladness, for did he not own a plant all of his very own, and at that time he wist not that a chattel mortgage is a grievous thing ; howbeit when it is young it is pleas¬ ant to look upon and purreth like that it were a kitten, but when it groweth older it addeth unto itself horns, claws and fearsome teeth, and when it ariseth upon its hind legs and howleth, lawyers and sheriffs and other birds of prey heareth it and gathereth in great haste and numbers. * ^ * In a city that was hard by the one that was burned in the great fire was one who was a-tired of the printing business, and who desired above all things that he might sell out, and he set a price upon his plant, yet none came to buy. But when the fire came, one who sold new printing materials came to him and bought it in at a high figure, -for fear that some misguided fire sufferer might hear of it and buy. For he was as an philanthropist, saying: Let no man that starteth now be handicapped by a secondhand plant. I buy this plant lest another secure it who might fail because that he had not new type to print with. Let him that embarketh in the printing business buy that which is needful from me, who selleth only that which is new. For is not the type that I sell the kind that from morn¬ ing until dusk continually earneth dividends? And he retired into the topmost room of his house and laughed until it loosened the shingles upon the roof. One whose plant was consumed in the great fire came unto him who sold materials saying : When I had a plant I could not pay my bills — how, now, when I have no plant may I expect credit? And he that sold replied unto him : Fear not. There are enough and to spare who pay their bills, and we ask sufficient for our wares to come out whole on what we sell to those who pay. If thou hast one dollar and fifty cents pick out a plant that accounteth for three thousand dollars and it is thine. He that asketh enough for his wares to pay our bills the same is little less than a robber, while he who asketh not so much hath pity upon his customers, and our sympathies — are they not with the down¬ trodden ? Written for The Inland Printer. ON THE MAKING OF THE CONGRESSIONAL RECORD. BY ARTHUR F. BLOOMER. THE Congressional Record, as almost every one knows, is presumably a verbatim report of the proceedings of the two Houses of Congress. I say “ presumably ” because an absolutely verbatim report would hardly be practicable, and perhaps would not reflect credit on all members if it were. The story will be remembered of the member of the British House of Commons who complained to the editor of the London Morning Telegraph, I believe it was, that its report of his speech was not a literal one and asked that there¬ after his speeches be reported exactly as he delivered them, with a result in compliance something like this, of which one dose was enough : Mr. Speaker, the honorable member — er — I may say — er — the honorable gentleman — er — from Bayswater — er — Mr. Speaker, is — er — if I may so say — er — that is, Mr. Speaker, the honorable gentleman • — er — I think I may say — er — is laboring under — er — under a mistaken — er — under a false impression. It has been said in excuse of the halting British style of oratory that to “ er ” is human. While Ameri¬ can statesmen are generally fluent speakers, there are few extempore speakers in the world whose speeches will bear literal reporting, and the expert reporter elim¬ inates the excess of verbiage, the “ backing and filling,” and gives what the orator tries to say, and what the published report convinces him he did say. Prior to 1848 the debates in Congress were only THE INLAND PRINTER 515 published in the newspapers as matters of news, the speeches being reported in the third person. By that time stenography had been so far perfected that a con¬ tract was entered into with John C. Rives to print daily in the Congressional Globe verbatim reports of the proceedings of the two Houses, which continued until 1873, when the Congressional Record was established, printed at the Government Printing-office. The report¬ ing for the two houses is done by ten of the most expert shorthand writers in the world — in the Senate by Messrs. Theodore F. Shuey, Edward V. Murphy, Henry J. Gensler, Daniel B. Lloyd and Milton W. Blumenberg, and in the House by Messrs. David which he may possibly insert long and complicated tabular statements and extracts from newspapers, magazines and books. Occasionally illustrations and diagrams are inserted, but this requires the special per¬ mission of the Committee on Printing of the House to which the member belongs. The messenger may have to carry the manuscript to the member’s house, returning for it at a later hour, after it has been revised, after which the member may demand proofs of it before it goes into the Record, sometimes then to be rewritten, with possibly other proofs and rewritings, ad libitum, but this rarely when the speech is to be printed in the Record of the day on which it was deliv- Photo by Charles Reid, Wishaw, Scotland. A BONE OF CONTENTION. Engraved by Inland-Walton Co. Wolfe Brown, A. C. Welch, Reuel Small, Frederick Irland and George C. Lafferty — at practically the same remuneration that Senators and members receive. In the Senate two reporters take all the notes, the others transcribing them, while in the House each reporter takes his turn, retiring at the end of it to read his notes into a graphophone, from which they are transcribed by typewriters, and as certain folios of copy are assigned to certain reporters — from 1 to 20 to one, from 21 to 40 to another, etc. — it is at once evident who reported any particular part, if any question arises. Swift messengers hurry the copy to the Government Printing-office, half a mile from the Capitol — on bicy¬ cles if the weather will permit, afoot otherwise. But there are complications. A member or Senator may want to “ revise ” his speech before it is printed, in which event he may practically rewrite it ; or he may have been given “ leave to extend his remarks,” under ered. As the Record is a continuous make-up, space must be left by the copy-cutter in the continuously numbered galleys for the withheld speech, unless it is held over until another day, when there is inserted in the proceedings, at the point where the speech occurred, in brackets : [Mr. - addressed the Senate — House — Committee (of the Whole) (as the case may be). His remarks will be published hereafter.] Then when the speech goes in it is under a separate, stereotyped form of “ speech head,” and there is always great demand for the first page, though the foreman has authority to say what part of the Record it shall occupy, according to the convenience of the make-up, but rarely denies the statesman’s request. The placing of the copy in the hands of the hundred compositors is not different from the usual practice of printing-offices, the “ takes ” being necessarily made 516 THE INLAND PRINTER short, as on daily newspapers in the old “ hand-set ” days — for the Record is still set by hand, though it is said that machines are “ in sight ” — and half-length galleys are used to facilitate speed in getting the proofs read and corrected. The proofreading differs from newspaper work only in the fact that the proof is read by the copyholder reading aloud to the reader, when it is passed to the “ silent ” readers, who, with the copy to refer to when anything excites suspicion, read it again, the former using a pencil and the latter a pen with which to make their marks. The revising and mechanical work of making-up and sending the forms' to be stereotyped vary from newspaper work only as necessary because of the continuous make-up and the different shape of the publication, the Record being a quarto of two columns (twenty-one picas wide) to the page, and there may be any number of pages from four to over one hundred. There is not enough difference between the mechanical operations necessary to pro¬ duce the Record and any large daily newspaper to make further particulars necessary, so I will address myself to its literary make-up. The Record has no editor, with the consequence that each Senator and member is the sole judge of what he will insert when he is granted permission to go outside .of the speech actually delivered. This occa¬ sionally results, as once during the recent session, in having offensive matter “ expunged ” that may have been interpolated. True, it has been given to the world, but expunging prevents its going into the permanent or bound edition of the Record, a sort of graveyard little resorted to except for purposes of reference in after years. But its more serious result is in preventing its circulation free through the mails as “ Part of the Congressional Record” in “ speech form,” as all legiti¬ mate parts of the Record are permitted to be. “ Leave to print,” as the term is understood in the House, is never granted in the Senate, meaning to print a speech no part of which was ever delivered, and of late years is much less frequently granted in the House than formerly, though “ leave to extend re¬ marks ” is common in the latter body, made necessary by the much greater number of members, and occa¬ sionally in the former, generally prefaced by “ I will insert in my remarks without reading ” the desired matter. “ Leave to print ” has been greatly abused in the House in past years, accounting for its restriction. Some twenty-odd years ago a delegate from one of the then Northwestern Territories printed an original poem of over twenty pages, for which there was no other excuse than that he wanted to give it to the world, so far as it was applicable to any legislation before Con¬ gress. It was “ expunged.” During the memorable presidential campaign of 1896 two or three members printed one of Henry George’s books, dividing it among them, as it was too large for even the elastic conscience of any one of them, which enabled them to circulate it free of postage. A former prominent Southern member, during the latter years of his Con¬ gressional service, had been so verbose in his “ leaves to print ” that it became the custom, when he made the request, to stand him up and make him tell how much he wanted to print and to limit him to a certain number of pages. Many of the speeches go to the Record in the wri¬ ting of the member or Senator, much more frequently typewritten of late years, and while in the main care- full}- prepared, occasionally show the absence of the tender care of the reporter, when they become the objects of solicitude of the proofreaders. But even the reporters — anything will be excusable in them to any one who has seen what a mad rabble the House, especially, can be at times — are caught napping, and in a few instances of lapses of tongue and pen I shall give I will not distinguish between reporters’ and members’ errors. These were noted within a few days and are not the result of years of research. A member said : I have tried as briefly as the time allotted me would per¬ mit to state the objects of this bill. By substituting “ fully ” for “ briefly ” his still clumsy sentence was made to express his meaning. Another said: We should take into consideration the prospects of the future as well as those of the past. Having doubts as to the consideration to which the prospects of the past are entitled, “ those of ” was elim¬ inated. The right of Congress “ to retain to ” anybody anything was objected to and the following sentence was cured: I am in favor of retaining to the letter carriers the right to act as ag-ents. About as flagrant a case of redundancy as I ever saw was in the following : It does not alter anything different to what authority they now have at present. They have that right. It was suggested in consultation that what the speaker said was : It does not alter anything — different to what authority they now have. At present they have that right. But it appeared in the Record: It does not alter anything. They have that right — which probably expressed all he wanted to say. The governor of a State requested “ the honor of the honorable president pro tempore and members of the Senate’s presence ” at a celebration, and as we did not feel authorized to change the language of the gov¬ ernor of a sovereign State, it was printed so. “ A resolution taking steps to conserve the probable extermination of the fur seal of Alaska ” was inves¬ tigated. As the body of the resolution did not justify such a title the latter was made to conform to the facts. The proceedings of a day devoted to eulogies of a deceased member make much work for the proofread¬ ers, for most of the statesmen on such occasions are much given to quotations from the Bible, Shakespeare THE INLAND PRINTER 517 and the poets generally, and often with fatal inaccu¬ racy. But with a copy each of the Bible and Shake¬ speare, with their respective concordances, and of Bartlett’s “ Familiar Quotations,” the readers are able to “run down” most of the excerpts, the rule being to “ follow copy ” where verifications can not be made. The following are a few of the standard quotations usually to be found one or more times on every eulogy occasion : His life was gentle, and the elements So mix’d in him, that Nature’ might stand up And say to all the world, “ This was a man.” — Shakespeare. All the world’s a stage, And all the men and women merely players : They have their exits and their entrances ; And one man in his time plays many parts. — Ibid. I know not where His islands lift Their fronded palms in air; I only know I can not drift Beyond His loving care. — Whittier. I long for household voices gone ; For vanished smiles I long; But God hath led my dear ones on, And He can do no wrong. — Ibid. So live, that when thy summons comes to join The innumerable caravan which moves To that mysterious realm where each shall take His chamber in the silent halls of death, Thou go not, like the quarry slave at night, Scourged to his dungeon, but sustained and soothed By an unfaltering trust, approach thy grave Like one that wraps the drapery of his couch . About him, and lies down to pleasant dreams. — Bryant. Friend after friend departs ; Who hath not "lost a friend? There is no unionqhere of hearts That finds not here an end. Were this frail world our only rest, Living or dying, none were blest. • — James Montgomery. Lead, kindly light, amid the encircling gloom, Lead thou me on ! The night is dark, and I am far from home : Lead thou me on : Keep thou my feet; I do not ask to see The distant way : one step’s enough for me. — Nezvman. There is no death ! What seems so is transition ; This life of mortal breath Is but a suburb of the life elysian, Whose portal we call death. — Longfellow. But it is not on funeral occasions alone that the Congressional voice intones the product of the muse. Six different times during the session just past, three of them on one day, the old familiar verse — . “ Mother, may I go out to swim ? ” “ Oh, yes, my dearest daughter ; Hang your clothes on a hickory limb And don’t go near the water ” — was deemed apropos to illustrate a point. One mem¬ ber, though, had it — “ Mother, may I go in to swim ” — which really seems more logical, and he was given his preference, as no authority to the contrary could be found in Bartlett. ■ During the last session of Congress and the seven weeks’ extraordinary session that immediately preceded it, over twenty-two thousand bills and joint and other resolutions were introduced in the two houses, with the printing of which the Record has nothing to do except to give the facts of their introduction and the subsequent actions on them ; but as three-fourths of these are pension bills their passage makes business for that paper, though not more than ten per cent of those introduced are ever passed. There is a record in the Senate of the passage of two bills to the minute for two hours at a time, and as the speed of the House is not noticeably less, it can be imagined from the space occupied in the Record, as shown by samples below, in stating the action necessary to the passage of a bill that “ pension day ” in either house “ keeps things moving,” and when both houses are engaged on pen¬ sions on the same day the trouble is doubled. It must not be imagined that the half minute represents the consideration given to each case,, for they are carefully considered in the committees, and the 'action of. the main body is purely perfunctory, for in Congress, as in all other deliberative bodies, legislation is principally the work of committees. All legislation in Congress that involves a charge on the Treasury must be con¬ sidered in Committee of the Whole. But the Senate never actually goes into Committee of the Whole, but considers such matters “ as in Committee of the Whole,” which enables it to take final action without formally rising and reporting the committee, action. This is the action on a pension bill in the Senate, it having been previously favorably reported from the Committee on Pensions, as it appears in the Record, the time consumed being half a minute : DAVID L. MILLER. The bill (S 2183) granting an increase of pension to David L. Miller was considered as in Committee of the Whole. The bill was reported from the Committee on Pensions with an amendment in line 7, after the word “ Pennsylvania,” to strike out “Volunteers” and insert “Volunteer Infantry;” so as to make the bill read : Be it enacted, etc., That the Secretary of the Interior be, and he is hereby, authorized and directed to place on the pension roll, subject to the provisions and limitations of the pension laws, the name of David L. Miller, late of Company D, One hundred and forty-eighth Regiment Penn¬ sylvania Volunteer Infantry, and pay him a pension at the rate of $24 per month in lieu of that he is now receiving. The amendment was agreed to. The bill was reported to the Senate as amended, and the amendment was concurred in. The bill was ordered to be engrossed for a third reading, read the third time, and passed. The House actually goes into the Committee of the Whole, the bills being passed en bloc on being favor- 518 THE INLAND PRINTER ably reported after the rising of the committee, and here is the result of its half minute’s work in the Record: ALLEN R. HARRIS. The next pension business was the bill (H. R. 14890) granting an increase of pension to Allen R. Harris. The bill was read, as follows : Be it enacted, etc., That the Secretary of the Interior be, and he is hereby, authorized and directed to place on the pension roll, subject to the provisions and limitations of the pension laws, the name of Allen R. Harris, late of Company K, Fifty-first Regiment Indiana Volunteer In¬ fantry, and pay him a pension at the rate of $30 per month in lieu of that he is now receiving. The amendment recommended by the committee was read, as follows: In line 6 strike out the words “ of Company K ” and insert in lieu thereof the words “ first lieutenant and adjutant.” The amendment was agreed to. The bill as amended was ordered to be laid aside with a favorable recommendation. It is evident that two or three hours’ work of Congress, with such results, in addition to the other proceedings, is likely to make busy men of both com¬ positors and readers. The Record is set in solid brevier, with quoted and tabular matter in nonpareil (or eight-point and six- point), and it not infrequently occurs that there are more ems of the smaller than of the larger size. A page contains approximately six thousand ems of bre¬ vier and ten thousand of nonpareil. It was formerly set by the piece, but for the last eight years it has been done “ on time,” with equally satisfactory results. During the past winter some of the older Senators complained that the type was too small and “ the lines were too close together,” and samples of pages set leaded with one and two point leads and in larger type were submitted, but nothing different has yet been decided upon so far as I know. The Mergenthaler people also submitted a dozen different samples of pages set on their machines, leaded and solid, in sizes ranging from brevier and nonpareil to long primer and brevier, all of which were very creditably done, but one contained — alack and alas ! — the besetting sin of linotype work, the transposed line. As much greater accuracy is required on the Con¬ gressional Record than on newspaper work, necessita¬ ting double reading, the proportion of proofreaders to compositors is much greater. There are usually about twenty engaged on the work, exclusive of the assistant foreman in charge, to read and revise, on galleys and in pages, the work of one hundred compositors. Of course, on occasions when there is but little Record copy, as when but one house is in session or when they adjourn early in the day, there is plenty of other work to keep the force busy, for there is never any scarcity of work in the Government Printing-office dur¬ ing the sessions of Congress. The foreman of the Record is in charge, so far as his work is concerned, of all departments engaged in its production, from stereotyper to mailer, but outside of the composing-room it is more supervisory than otherwise. The present foreman is John R. Berg, a Nebraskan, who served as assistant foreman for a num¬ ber of years and has all the minutiae of the Record at his fingers’ ends. He was honored by being elected president of Columbia Typographical Union, No. 101, on May 18 last, and for three years has been its treas¬ urer. Twenty years ago he was well known in the cities along the Mississippi and Missouri rivers, having been somewhat of a “ tourist ” in his younger days, though he is still in his early forties. Since that time he has been in the Government Printing-office serving in all capacities from compositor and proofreader to foreman. Mr. Berg has two assistants, William J. Dow, a West Virginian, who is the copy-cutter, and John A. Huston, formerly of Indianapolis, in charge of the proofroom. THE WRONG LAUNDRY. When Marquis Ito was in the United States, in 1901, an inexperienced St. Paul reporter sought an interview with him. He met Ito’s secretary, and thus made known his mission : “ Me newspaper man. Me writee news. Me heardee mar¬ quis velly ill. He better to-day? You savve?” The secretary was amazed, but was equal to the occasion. “ Me savve,” he said, gravely ; “ marquis he no better. Velly blad. Catchee cold. Doctor him no lettee him leave bled to-day. You savve?” The interview proceeded this way, but at its termination, the secretary, with a twinkle in his eye, remarked : “ The marquis is greatly fatigued by his arduous journey, but - ” Then the reporter fled. — Fourth Estate. THE INLAND PRINTER 519 Written for The Inland Printer. LEARNING THE LINOTYPE. THE other evening, as Slug 6 was going home, he met his old friend Bill Brown on the street, and after the usual salutations inquired how long he had been in the city and what he was doing. “ I have only been in town a few weeks and am working at Brown & Baker's,” said Bill. “ I didn’t know they had any machines there,” observed Slug 6. “ They haven’t,” answered Bill ; “ I am working at case. I kind of fell down on the Merg. They poured cold metal into me at Oakville.” “ That’s strange. I thought when they were put¬ ting the machines in at the News you were going to be the whole thing ; you seemed to be making a fine show.” “ So I was, in a way. You see I brought brains to bear on it ; I got the positions on the keyboard down to a science till I thought I could rattle off anything frontward or backward with my eyes shut. It is just a matter of unconscious cerebration when you get them into your cap. case. I got so I could manipulate the thing blindfolded. While the other guys were dubbing along trying to play ‘ Old Dog Tray ’ to slow music, I could rattle ‘ Hiawatha ’ at a gallop. Oh, I had it down fine, so I could not possibly make a mis¬ take. I never touched a wrong key. The first week I was at the machine I reduced it all to a system, so I could butt in anywhere and make good. The proof¬ reader used to say it was a waste of time reading my galleys, for he hardly ever found an error, unless I hit the wrong spot by accident, and then I generally struck pretty close to it. They could not even catch me on a bad division when I happened to be feeling right. I got so it was almost impossible to go far wrong with my eyes shut. But the fool that set up the dingus was as crooked as a bent mat. and kept wanting to call me down, but I was too wise for him and would not stand for it. I soon found that I knew more than he did about the thing, but that ain’t saying much, because he hardly knew a friction clutch from a spaceband. I got so I could pound away on her at a great rate and had an instinctive insight into the mechanism of the machine. When I was helping him to put the thing up I could tell just what each piece was for without his opening his mouthpiece; so he had it in for me and made a back squirt at me to the boss every chance he got. But I did not care, because I knew I was right in line with the old man and was the first to ask for a machine when he began to talk about putting them in. So it was no good of that dub trying to knock me. Why, the first day I was at the machine I got a piece of copy and set it up all by myself, and it was all right, too. I tell you I got so I could just burn up copy and he had to smell my smoke. He tried to steer me up against some key¬ board exercises and a ‘ slick brown fox ’ business ; but that was a fake, so I told him I could just hit off that ‘ slick brown fox ’ blindfolded and make him ‘jump over the lazy dog’ frontward, backward or sideways with my eyes shut. He began kicking because I did not start out with T and end with a period, but I was going to hand him one, and that put a clamp on his mouthpiece for a while and he let me 'alone. He was only a big bluff with his head full of dross and afraid I’d get his job, I suppose, because after I had got it down fine we had a few words and he piped it off to the boss, who slipped a transfer and let me go. So I came to the city. I thought with my experience and speed I should have no trouble in get¬ ting on to one of the big dailies, for I hear they hand out a big bonus there and some of the fellows pull out over forty plunks per. That looked like easy money for me, and I reckoned I’d be on the velvet ; but the first take I set up they got to chewing the rag about style, as if I didn’t know more about style than the whole bunch of them put together. So I put on my coat and ducked. I caught on to two or three other good things, but somehow they didn’t seem to last, and I went back to the case till I can hit something worth having. What are you doing ? ” “ Oh, I am on the Northern Union; we make out pretty well. It knocks case work out of the box.” “ How did you come to catch on ? ” “ I took your machine after you left and dubbed around for a while, but could not make much prog¬ ress ; the other fellow was too busy keeping his end up to waste much time on me. So, after I had spent a few weeks getting my fingers tied in hard knots trying to make impossible combinations, I ran down to the city for a few lessons.” “ Did you take in that I. P. School? ” “ That’s just what I did ; it is the only way to learn. I am no inventor and didn’t have time to figure out everything for myself ; besides, what was the use of wasting time puzzling out things and perhaps guessing wrong, when another fellow could put you ‘ next ’ in a minute. I mostly guess wrong anyway, so I had to butt in somewhere that I could learn with¬ out any guessing. With what I knew and what they taught me it didn’t take long to find out what I wanted to know, and now I am as good as the next one. You ought to take a crack at it.” “ Not much, they couldn’t teach me anything I don’t know. So long, here’s my car coming.” AT THE TOP OF THE LADDER. A woman whose acquaintance with the methods and oppor¬ tunities of work in a modern newspaper office is of the slightest was talking to a friend about her son’s start in life. The young man had just left college, and had secured a position as reporter on one of the important New York dailies in the humble capacity which is the usual lot of the “ cub ” journalist — that of a police court reporter. His mother was enthusiastic over his good fortune. “ Do you know,” she exclaimed, “ they’ve given him such a splendid position. He’s the crime editor at Jefferson Market Police Court ! Harper’s Weekly. 520 THE INLAND PRINTER Written for The Inland Printer. THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE. NO. IX. — GRAMMAR OF NOUNS AND PRONOUNS. ’ WE have remaining for consideration under this head only the forms of what is a little unfortu¬ nately called the possessive case. The name now uni¬ versally used for this case in English includes much [ more than mere expressions of possession, and this fact might be more accurately connoted by the name “ genitive case,” if that name had been preserved in English, as it has been in other languages. George P. Marsh was an American diplomat and philologist, who sessive case of pronouns, which in this writing is dis¬ carded. They are all to be considered as instances of the possessive case, by way of simplification. Great doubt may reasonably be entertained as to the accuracy of observation which led to the assertion as to fre¬ quency of use ; whether the assertion is correct or incorrect, however, it is true, and always was true, that the two forms of expression are sometimes inter¬ changeable, so that it matters little which form is used, while sometimes one is much better than the other. But the choice is not one within the province of this branch of our study, in which we are to consider only forms of words and phrases. lived from 1801 to 1882. He delivered a series of lec¬ tures on the English language at Columbia College, New York, in 1859, in one of which he said : “ The use of the possessive pronouns, and of the inflected pos¬ sessive case of nouns and pronouns, was, until a com¬ paratively recent period, very much more extensive than at present, and they were employed in many cases where the preposition with the objective now takes their place. In modern English the inflected possessive of nouns expresses almost exclusively the notion of property or appurtenance.” Later he said : “ In short, we now distinguish between the possessive and the genitive. This we must allow is a well-founded dis¬ tinction, but it is of recent introduction ; and indeed some modern writers are inclined to discard it, but thus far with few imitators.” This is interesting in various, ways. It exhibits a distinction between possessive pronouns and the pos- Not much time has been devoted by the writer to a search for distinction between possessive and geni¬ tive, but he feels certain that the distinction was never really made. On the contrary, however reasonable the distinction might be, the available evidence is all against it. All the dictionaries define the words pos¬ sessive and genitive alike ; at least, they all say that genitive means possessive. The Century Dictionary thus defines genitive : “ Pertaining to or indicating origin, source, possession, and the like : an epithet applied to a case which in English is called the posses¬ sive case.” William Dwight Whitney, in his “ Essen¬ tials of English Grammar," speaks of two case-forms of the noun, one of which he calls the possessive or genitive, and he never uses genitive again, thus show¬ ing plainly that he made no distinction between the two. In fact, “ genitive ” is not in common English use PAGODA AT ASAKUSA PARK, TOKYO, JAPAN THE INLAND PRINTER 521 at all, all such relationship being always called posses¬ sive, and expressed by the use of possessive forms. The possessive of nouns in the singular number and of irregular plurals is formed by adding ’s; in the regular plural, only the apostrophe is added. Thus we speak of a man’s or of men’s clothes, a baby’s hand, babies’ hands, a horse’s speed, horses’ speed. Pronouns form possessives without an apostrophe, except the indefinite pronoun “ one,” which for this purpose is treated like a noun. Some pronouns are specifically classed as possessive pronouns, but they are simply other words used for the possessive case instead of merely adding the sign of possession. Such are my, mine, thy, thine, your, our, his, their, whose, the last expressing this relation for things as well as persons ; that is, it is the possessive of “ which ” as well as of “ who.” A puristic notion is not uncommonly held that in speaking of inanimate things the possessive form must be avoided, and many proofreaders, on finding that a writer mentions a house whose roof has been mended, insist that it must be changed to a house the roof of which has been mended. It is a change that should not be made, except by an editor. One form is exactly as good as the other, and any writer or editor has a right to his choice, or to use either without thinking of choosing. Sherwin Cody, author of the most recent grammar treatise known by the present writer, says of the pos¬ sessive case, “ The case offers no special difficulty.” But later he says : “ Thus we may say, ‘ I called at Smith’s, the bookseller.’ This is so evident a violation of a well-known rule that it should be avoided as much as possible, though the best usage justifies it. We seenr to be more logical when we say, ‘ I called at Smith the bookseller’s.’ ” One might easily read this as an assertion that the best usage justifies the form that is objected to. Whether meant for such assertion or not, best usage does not justify the expression. The form that is said to seem more logical is the one dictated by best usage. Is Mr. Cody’s saying true that the case offers no special difficulty ? Doubtless many scholars would admit its truth, but the admission would seem to result from failure to grasp facts, mainly because, in this instance, no special difficulty should exist. It is one of the instances, however, in which grammarians differ, and in some respects people can choose only throug'h the decision of the grammarian with whose -work they are most familiar. But this leaves no real guidance available to some persons, since some authori¬ ties give no decision as to the proper form for some words. An extreme example of failure is this, from a text¬ book formerly much used, "A Digest of English Gram¬ mar,” by L. T. Coveil : “ Some singular nouns ending in the sound of ^ or z take the s; others do not ; as, James’s hat, Wells’s Grammar, Perkins’ Algebra.” All that this can possibly mean, as regards the last two names, is that one author’s book used one form for the possessive and the other book had the other form. Not a word is said as to principles or choice. The statement is not one of real fact, though it is based on a fact, nanlely that some persons write and speak one way, and others have a different way. Mr. Coveil gives a correct example in mentioning James’s hat. He would have done much better than he did if he had evidenced only the one form as being best, and then said that many persons use the other. As a matter of language principle, the preferable formation for the possessive singular is the addition of apostrophe and s, even to words that end with ^ or any similar letter, with a few conventional exceptions. The exceptions are such as in “ for conscience’ sake ” and “ for righteousness’ sake.” These are practically universal, and are based on reasons of sound, avoiding some of the sibilation. Such also is the reason for rejection of the ^ in other cases by those who do reject it. Goold Brown quotes opinions of many gramma¬ rians, on each side. We have space only for one of his paragraphs, which shows his choice plainly : “ A recent critic, who, I think, has not yet learned to speak or write the possessive case of his own name prop¬ erly, . . . letters his work ‘ Pierce’ Grammar,’ and condemns, as bad English, the following examples and all others like them : James Otis’s letters, General Gates’s command, General Knox’s appointment, Gov. Meigs’s promptness, Mr. Williams’s oration, the wit¬ ness’s deposition. It is obvious that this gentleman’s doctrine and criticism are as contrary to the common practice of all good authors as they are to the com¬ mon grammars, which he ridicules. ... A much more judicious author treats this point of grammar as follows : ‘ When the possessive noun is singular, and terminates with an s, another ^ is requisite after it, and the apostrophe must be placed between the two ; as, Dickens’s works ; Harris’s wit.’ — Day’s Punctuation.” Use of the complete sign is demanded in some cases as determining the primary name, and so it seems advisable in all cases. Thus we have one surname Adam and another Adams ; using Adam’s for posses¬ sive of the first and Adams’s for that of the second, we make a clear distinction. Besides, even those per¬ sons who object to the extra letter sometimes use it — its use, occasionally, at least, is instinctive ; therefore, it is better to use it always, with the exceptions before noted. ( To be continued.) NEARLY SAD. A newspaper in a small country town not far from New York employs a reporter whose knowledge of English idioms is somewhat uncertain. He was assigned recently to report the sudden death of an important local citizen, and, after describing the circumstances leading up to it, he referred to the sadness of the bereavement sustained by the family. “ The widow,” he concluded, “ is almost grief-stricken.” — Harper’s Weekly. 522 THE INLAND PRINTER DISPLAY COMPOSITION, BY FREDERIC FLAGLER HELMER. IV. SUBORDINATION. PEOPLE insist that printed matter shall not be hard to read. They enforce this demand by not reading such things as are put in difficult type or set with mannerisms that they can not readily get used to. The purpose of display, we know, is to make the reading of any matter easy, quick and certain. In the mass of printing that comes to a man’s eye he will naturally choose the easiest, other things being equal. In the rush of his business or pleasure (for he is rushed in both) he will want to get at matters without loss of time. And, of course, there is no writer who makes copy to be set in title-page or advertising space but wants the matter clearly understood. In order that the reader may get at the meaning of any printed matter quickly and easily, there must not be too much of it. Unfor¬ tunately we printers can not control the amount of copy. The writers will not always cooperate in saving the reader’s time and en¬ ergy by “ boiling it down.” But even despite this, we can see to it that display gives the appearance of brevity by setting the im¬ portant points large and reducing explanatory de¬ tails. Display can pick out such portions as when set bolder or larger than the body of the matter will make the reading easy by giv¬ ing at once the gist of the whole. The reader can then see immediately whether or not the subject is of interest to him ; if it is of in¬ terest, he will surely take the time and trouble to go through what is set in smaller or lighter faced type to learn particulars. For instance, as the reader of this article is pre¬ sumably interested in the subject of compo¬ sition, the heading, “ The Chief Thing in Display,” is likely to lead him into reading the paragraph which follows that heading in Fig. i. As to making the understanding of the matter easy and certain, display must emphasize the right words. Fig. 2 exhibits, in one example, that too much display requires undue time in the reading, and that a badly chosen emphasis of words can give an utterly wrong impression at first glance. And first impressions are too often all that we can with any certainty depend upon getting. This principle of display which works for brevity and clearness by bringing up a few important words or lines and keeping down the inferior or less essential parts is commonly THE CHIEF THING IN DISPLAY is not TO DAZZLE the eye or CATCH it by a TRICK, but in a business-like way to GET NEXT a man & MAKE HIM understand the matter thoroughly. Fig. 2. THE CHIEF THING IN DISPLAY is not to dazzle the eye or catch it by a trick, but in a busi¬ ness-like way to get next a man & make him understand the matter thoroughly. CONTRAST IN DISPLAY COMPOSITION A MEANS OF GAINING ATTENTION AND AWARDING DISTINCTIONS Fig. 3. termed “subordi¬ nation.” It is vi- t a.l 1 y important. Yet a host of ad¬ vertisers and even a great many printers seem afraid of it. Perhaps it is not wise to call any part inferior or less essential. If so, let us approach the matter from the other side and say, as all will admit, that certain parts are preeminently important and have a right to assume a commanding position. It then follows that at least some others must remain in the ranks to make a commanding posi¬ tion possible. There must be a body to carry the head. In Fig. 3 the word “ Contrast ” assumes a com¬ manding position and has undoubted right to it. It announces the subject to which all the assembled lines are related, just as the title of a book “ covers,” so to speak, the whole volume. In Fig. 3 there is no other word set large enough to dispute the leadership of the word “ Contrast.” Something must lead. To gain attention we can not safely leave responsibility to any one of half a dozen points, but must prepare one point in particular to be the first to gain the eye. It must be the point that is most comprehensive or most explanatory or that is best calculated to excite curiosity and lead the reader to examine and peruse the rest. But to have one word or one line as a leader and all the rest “ followers ” is not the whole of “ subordina¬ tion.” Many, indeed, will accept the princi¬ ple that some part must be preeminent, but they are not willing to carry out the matter logic¬ ally and admit that there should be as dis¬ tinctly second and third positions of prominence. In Fig. 3 we have the second position unmistakably assigned to the line “ In Display Composition,” with the third given to the word “ Distinctions,” and the THE INLAND PRINTER 523 THE FIRST LINE A SECOND LINE fourth to the word “Attention.” These commissions of lieutenancy in the display are carefully considered, and are intended to give to the different words a com¬ parative emphasis that will establish in the reader’s mind an estimate of their value such as is held by the writer. It is not always an easy thing to do this, and when in an advertisement, for instance, there are many points which the advertiser con¬ siders very important, it is difficult to know which deserve the appointment to second, third and fourth in “ command,” and which must be kept in the ranks. However, the difficulty of this assignment to posi¬ tions does not excuse the frequent practice of a free and irresponsible emphasis which (like Fig. 2) trusts to chance as to the order in which the points will be taken up, and sets in large or heavy faced type any word which seems for one reason or another to have the slightest demand for promotion above its fellows. An overabundance of officers does not make a strong company or regi¬ ment. Likewise an overabundance of emphatic words or lines does not make a strong display. Much as we need officers or head-lines in “ commanding positions,” the creation of too many such leads inevitably to con¬ test for precedence and the insubordination which is the bane of both military and typographical organiza¬ tion. It was shown in Lesson III that contrast is strong¬ est when the difference in size, tone, distance or style is greatest, and illustrative or experimental examples to demonstrate this truth were exhibited. As a fur¬ ther experiment along this line Figs. 4, 5, 6 and 7 are presented. In Fig. 4 the single line has undisputed sway. There is nothing else present to claim any part of its right to immediate attention and the reader’s interest. In Fig. 5 a line of equal typographical value is inserted, and the force of “ The First Line ” is much reduced. Strangely enough, this doubling of the mat¬ ter, we notice, does not seem to divide the force of the first equally between the two lines, but gives much less than half the force obtained by “ The First Line ” in Fig. 4 to each of these two lines as they stand together in Fig. 5. If we bring in a third line, as in Fig. 6, the same result occurs. “ A Third Line ” standing beside “ The First Line ” and “ A Second Line ” does not ob¬ tain a third of the force “ The First Line ” had in Fig. 4, but has an emphasis so very much reduced that we can hardly consider the matter of Fig. 6 displayed at all. If, again, we replace the three lines of Fig. 6 by one line, as in Fig. 7, we find an astonishing amount of strength suddenly developed, and we may conclude that a given space is capable of emphasis inversely to the number of words occupying it. What is true in these simple examples is also true in complex examples — the fewer the points of empha¬ sis, the stronger those points may be made. We must be satisfied not to emphasize everything that might be emphasized or we lose even our chances of gaining any distinctions at all. There is the old story of the dog with the piece of meat, who carelessly dropped it in a stream thinking to get another piece which he saw in the jaws of a dog looking up at him from the water. He not only did not get the second piece but lost even the first. Refusing to be satisfied with one or two strong head-lines, and intent on laying stress upon every point presented, one not only fails to bring out the latter points but destroys the strength of the first, so that the whole matter is likely to be passed by. “ You can not have your cake and eat it,” as the old saying goes. One advantage must be put aside for another, for the truth is that strong emphasis and profuse emphasis can not be accomplished in one and the same piece of display. Of course, one heading (as in Fig. 1 of this lesson) or one emphatic line or word (as in Figs. 1 and 2 of Lesson III) is out of the question for a long piece of ad¬ vertising copy of the ordinary com¬ plex character, which must of ne- fig. 6. cessity be broken up into several divisions. But the principles shown to apply to the simpler problems of short matter are equally applicable, it should be evident, to the individual parts of a longer piece of copy. If we first divide a complex piece of copy for display into several log¬ ical parts, and set a heading or chief line over each part, the difficulties begin to vanish. The headings of the assembled parts, however, must be given distinctly varying degrees of emphasis, so that one point will be taken up after another. This is another phase of subordination — that absolute order must prevail. THE FIRST LINE A SECOND LINE A THIRD LINE 524 THE INLAND PRINTER The “ one at a time ” idea is the only safe way of getting things out in a rush. And readers — of adver¬ tisements, at least — we are compelled to assume, ate always demanding “ rush.” The accidents so common in crowded buildings, when many people try to get out through the same exit at the same moment, have a parallel in display work where a dozen or fifty sepa¬ rate ideas are thrust out all at once and with equal emphasis. If they get out at all, they do not do it so quickly as they would “ one at a time.” Now, subordination also stands for the arrange¬ ment of headings or head-lines with clearly recognized degrees of emphasis so that the reader in following his natural inclination will take them up in the order desired and predetermined for him. This is fully possible. A prestidigitator or magician will offer to a spectator an array of cards from which he is asked to select any one he chooses. The chances are that when the man has chosen one out of fifty, it will prove to be When in a piece of copy there is one thing most important, it is not right to ignore its supremacy and give a second thing almost as much prominence. And especially should we be careful not to exalt any of the many lesser points which, we may depend upon it, will be well looked into, if the headings interest the reader. Fig. 8. just the one the magician desired him to take. This knack of the conjurer is called “ forcing the card,” and consists of so presenting the pack that one will be the easiest to take though not ostentatiously promi¬ nent. Display can “ force the card ” with far less effort than the conjurer needs, and can insure three, four or even half a dozen points being taken in desired order. The largest or the boldest line will naturally be seen first and be read first ; the next in prominence will follow in the reader’s attention, and so on. In Fig. 8 an example of this is shown with three displayed lines set much larger than the ten-point body. In this, “ one thing ” will usually catch the eye first ; “ a second thing ” will be noticed next, and “ many lesser points ” will come to the attention third. And these three points, it is likely, will all be considered before any of the matter in ten-point is read. In Fig. 9 the same leading points are presented in a different order. Still there is little doubt that the reader will first catch the “ one thing ” which is the largest, and next get hold of “ A second thing ” which precedes it but is evidently secondary. In Fig. io the order of 8 is reversed and the result is a weaker display simply because the important fac¬ tor of natural progression from top to bottom is out of it. Still, as to the interpretation of the matter by Let us have one thing at a time. A second thing should not be allowed to interfere with the proper force of the one thing which is evidently most important. And especially should we be careful not to exalt any of the many lesser points which, we may depend upon it, will be well looked into, if the headings interest the reader. Fig. 9. the display, the same proportionate emphasis remains and can not be misunderstood. It is obvious that the heading “ one thing ” is to precede all else and that the heading “ many lesser points ” is to follow the other two. As stated once or twice before, display aims to attract attention, and also to interpret the copy as a speaker adds to his mere spoken words pauses and We should not exalt any of the many lesser points which, we may depend upon it, will be well looked into, if the headings interest the reader. And there should never be a second thing allowed in any way to interfere with proper force being given the one thing which is evidently most important. Fig. io: emphasis and gestures to help an audience to more clearly understand him. By subordination we endeavor not only to gain the reader’s eye, but to lead him to see the main points almost instantly and in the order we desire ; furthermore, to make him certain by the various degrees of emphasis placed on different words THE INLAND PRINTER 525 what comparative value they are meant to have. For illustration of this latter intention note the punctuation by leading and the emphasis by size of face that is car¬ ried out in Fig. 3. Finally, recall that when you wish any part to stand out, there must be something for it to stand out from, that a commanding position implies something subordinate or of lower rank to support that posi¬ tion — that in a procession all members of the band can not be drum major, nor all the marchers captain or marshal of the parade. Let display be an orderly procession ; do not allow type to gather as a mob. Written for The Inland Printer. POSSIBILITIES WITHIN THE JOB-PRESS FRISKET. WHILE the idea of running two or more colors from a single form or a cut by means of a frisket attached to the grippers of a job-press is not a new one to the experienced pressman, there are, how¬ ever, ingenious methods involved in this manner of production which, if more generally known, would bring the frisket into conspicuous use on much of the present-day, common colorwork. The job-press frisket consists of a sheet of tough, oiled paper, glued to the grippers, with openings cut therein, through which certain lines, of a job or portions of a cut are printed in some distinct color, the remainder of the job being obliterated by reason of the frisket coming between the inked form and the printed sheet. Primarily, the job- press frisket, thus applied, performs the service of a stencil. Twelve or fifteen years ago, when the vogue per¬ mitted of a nightmare of colors in extraordinary jobs, the frisket was the only practical way out of some of the difficulties confronted. In Fig. 1 (printed by the writer in 1893) we have an example of seemingly impossible composition, each of the six overlapping- cards being produced in a distinct color. By using the frisket above described, the work was reduced to a minimum, while all of the apparently impossible com¬ position became a matter of extreme simplicity. The entire form consisted of merely the exposed card in the center, and a little change, for diversity’s sake, made in a succeeding color. All that was required was to shift the gauge pins to various angles and the cut¬ ting of the frisket to suit the different overlaps. The result meant the production of a job otherwise impos- Strathmore Deckfe Edge Book and Cover PAPER Fig. 2. sible, unless by resorting to the expense of having- electrotypes made for each color, sawed to register into overlaps. In printing a single cut in two and three colors, as, for example, the United States flag, this method is particularly adaptable. For the printing of modern cover and title ornamentations in colors, there is a more practical frisket that will readily stand the wear of long runs, and which is but little known among platen pressmen. While it is a stable frisket, it at the same time obviates the expense attached to making woodcut tints and ornaments. It affords an avenue through which any printer can secure results equal to an expensive engraving- — of simple contour, of course. Secure a piece of one-half-point copper hair-space, which is originally rolled by the manufacturers into 24 by 24 inch sheets. Its weight in this shape is just 526 THE INLAND PRINTER one pound and costs, retail, about 60 cents. One pound of the metal will make a great number of friskets for ordinary cover and title pieces. If you are not an artist, you can readily appropriate any unre¬ served design that suits your purpose. Cut this design out and paste it on the copper sheet. With a sharp pair of scissors cut out the metal along the pasted outline. In cutting, bear in mind that a perfect connection of the various portions must be maintained throughout, that all the parts will be in one piece in the finished frisket. Cut or punch round holes close to the edge of this copper sheet and attach it to the grippers with thin, pliable wire ; then pull the grip¬ pers as far apart as they will go, so that the frisket will be perfectly taut. Next, cut out a square piece of patent leather, sufficiently large to cover all of the design. Glue this to a block of the proper height and put it under a weight over night. When the block is locked up and put to press you are ready to proceed. Run about twenty-five impressions on your tympan without ink, so that the copper will set itself into the patent leather, the effect of which will be to give a clean edge to the outlines of the design. Fig. 2 is a fitting example of a design suitable to frisket printing by this method. In this illustration the type and rules can be appro¬ priately printed in black or any other solid color, while the title or cover ornamentation should be run in some delicate shade, as, for instance, olive-green, brown, slate or maroon ; but, to keep appearances within the bounds of genteel propriety, avoid bright, flashy or decided colors. Frisket ornamentation should be of this general contour, composed principally of solids, as the copper sheet will not permit of being cut into long, delicate lines, and, even if you were able to cut out slender outlines, they would have a tendency to curl up or bend in a long run. The solid ornament shows the exact appearance of the patent leather through the openings cut into the frisket. Written for The Inland Printer. THE LINING SYSTEMS OF AMERICAN TYPE= FOUNDRIES. BY JOSEPH W. CHEYNEY. TYPOGRAPHY commonly designated by the comprehensive name of “ modern ” has been in a formative state for several years, and to-day the best examples of the newer style of printing are productions with which the printer-man has less to do than ever before. Not only have “ styles ” been sprung upon the unsuspecting master printer and the journeyman, but definite specification of type faces for books and book¬ lets, catalogues and folders is the order of the day. While many of our craftsmen have gasped in astonishment when confronted with some of the styles thrust into the typographic arena under the name' of “ art ” productions, they have also been compelled to consider the serious consequences which might be sup¬ posed to follow the mixture of types from various foundries under instructions from a customer who plans (or has planned for him), to the smallest typo¬ graphical detail, his latest and most particular budget of printed business-bringing news. When we remember, too, that the ad.-smiths and the advertising specialists are likewise invested with supreme authority in the matter of type selection, this problem of adaptability (in a mechanical sense) of the types selected from different foundries for the pro¬ duction of a printed work is a continuing and an annoying one. A booklet is sent to the office of a master printer with instructions to set it in new type. The specifica¬ tions call for “ Cardinal ” (Keystone) for body-letter and “ Jenson Condensed ” (American) for display, side-heads and all emphatic wording. A great medicine company specifies that the body of its latest circular or almanac must be set in “ Para¬ gon ” (Barnhart Brothers & Spindler) and the display and black-lettering in “ Hearst ” (Inland). The publisher of a text-book orders original “ Cas- lon ” (Inland) for plain reading matter and “ Lining Jenson Oldstyle No. 2 ” (American) for important words, phrases and sentences in the work. And then follows the catalogue designer, suggest¬ ing, beyond possibility of change of opinion, that his trade announcement for the season must be composed of “ Lining Cushing No. 2 ” (American) for light lettering and “ Ben Franklin ” (Keystone) for the emphasized portions. - Thus the arbiters of type styles and type combina¬ tions swoop down upon the keeper of the print-shop with combinations numberless and to be unenumerated in this limited space. And thus these dictators of type combinations and mixed-foundry productions send terror to the heart of the perturbed printer-man, whose first thought, as each new mixture of foundry faces crowds into his troubled estimate department, is: If I get this work and buy the types specified, will they work together so as to produce the results expected? Will they line f Representatives of the various typefoundries tell us that their type will line with any other type on a lining system — except in certain sizes. Ah ! there’s the trouble. While we have the greatest faith in them, and believe what they say, the question will reassert itself from time to time and we continue to ask our¬ selves, Will these different foundry productions really line, or do they line in theory only ? We are skeptical because we have been presented with no practical demonstration on this important point. We turn next to theoretical writers for trade jour¬ nals, and they are pleased to inform us that there are rival lining schemes in the field, but that a universal line, sooner or later, will be considered as essential as systematic body. These writers announce also that they are unable to tell us which of the lining schemes is best, and that to form an opinion it is necessary to THE INLAND PRINTER 527 have access to the tables by which the founders work. Such a generalizing statement creates added confu¬ sion and breeds still greater distrust in the mind of the printer-man, and he mentally concludes that there is a difference in the lining systems of the various foundries and that the types from one will not line with the types from another. American foundries send out very elaborate explanations and diagrams of their lining systems, but few printers have leisure or take the time to study and compare the different diagrams and grope for the variation that may be found somewhere between six-point and seventy-two-point — or one hun¬ dred and twenty-point. In the midst of the chaos created by theoretical consideration of this most important question may be found many an employing printer desirous of adding to his office some beautiful type series, but prevented from so doing by the besetting fear that this series will not align because it is not made by the foundry from which he purchased his supply of lining body-type and job faces. And while the theorizing on the subject goes on and on, the uncertainty in the mind of the printer-man grows in repressive power and increases in -disquieting volume. is divided into spaces according to type sizes, and in each space will be found a letter from some important series produced by each typefoundry represented. In each space is shown, in order, a cap M of Barnhart Brothers & Spindler’s “ Talisman ” series ; a cap M of the American Type Founders Company’s “ Lining Jenson Oldstyle No. 2 ” series ; a cap M of the Inland Type Foundry’s “ Blanchard ” series, and a cap M of the Keystone Type Foundry’s “ John Hancock ” series. Thus we have grouped as closely as possible the four lining systems — “ Uniform ” line, “ American ” line, “ Standard ” line and “ Universal ” (Keystone) line — and the fullest opportunity is given to compare them critically in the seven different sizes most generally used. A glance at the diagram is sufficient to disclose the important fact that in no material respect is there any variation in the lining systems of these four foun¬ dries which will operate to prevent the printer from satisfactorily using type faces from any one of the foundries in combination with type faces from any other. Indeed, there is no perceptible variation at all — they are all in line — and such a careful and practical demonstration settles the matter very clearly. MMMM MMMM MMMM MMMM MMMM MMMM MMMM LINING SYSTEMS OF VARIOUS TVPEFOUNDRIES. Certainly this is the appropriate time for such a practical demonstration as will satisfy the many inter¬ ested that the lining system of each American type- foundry is either a go-as-you-please device to suit the mood or please the whims of its originator ; or that it is a system which goes along with some other foundry’s scheme through several sizes of body and then boldly strikes out “ on its own hook” ; or that the essential feature of harmony with each other foundry’s system of lining is to be found so consist¬ ently maintained throughout all important sizes as to meet all practical purposes. To make this demonstration in the best practical way — to dispense entirely with all theoretical calcu¬ lations and speculations built thereupon — it has been found advisable to take the types directly from the cases and thus compare the things which the printer gets when he makes his purchases from the type¬ founders. This has been carried out with type from four great American typefoundries, and the diagram accompanying this article shows the effect created when the products of different foundries are placed side by side. The demonstration is a simple, forceful, convincing presentation of the lining systems of four great typefoundries of America. The sizes selected for illustration are the sizes in which roman letter and dis¬ play type are most generally combined. The diagram A second glance at the arrangement of the diagram will indicate that each descending size from each and all the foundries takes its place accurately in line with the size preceding it by means of point justification above and below the letters displayed. That is to say, eighteen-point will line with twenty-four-point by placing five points above and one point below ; four¬ teen-point lines with eighteen-point by placing three points above and one point below, and so on. This intensely practical and most careful demon¬ stration of the wonderful progress actually made by the typefounders of America shows us, beyond the shadow of a doubt, that in most important particulars the lining system is now as general as the point system, and, besides dissolving the uncertainty surrounding the matter, it opens the way toward greater typographical progress throughout the land. While commending the typefounders for reaching such a progressive agreement, we should take advantage of the oppor¬ tunity offered to diversify our work by getting from other foundries the letters we have long admired and adding them to the jewel series we already possess. Some reforms move slowly, but here we find an innovation agreed upon harmoniously by all the great parties concerned at the very time when progressive members of the craft are predicting its ultimate adoption. spy % 3-1 1 ■■ -UOUtS-H'SHA^P- Copyright, 1904, The Inland Printer Company. SAD NEWS. THE INLAND PRINTER 529 A. H. McQuilkin, Editor. Editorial Contributors — Arthur K. Taylor, F. W. Thomas, Edwin B. Dewey, W. B. Prescott, R. C. Mallette. Published monthly by THE INLAND PRINTER COMPANY 120-130 Sherman Street, Chicago, U. S. A. Vol. XXXIII. JULY, 1904. No. 4. EDITORIAL NOTES. AMONG happy and prosperous printing concerns, i the Imperial Theatrical Printing-office, of St. Petersburg, Russia, should be placed near the top of the list. By virtue of a decree issued forty years ago all posters and programs for theatrical and musical performances in the Czardom must be secured from this concern. Any old price is charged and any old kind of work is produced, so ’tis said, which is the natural outcome of monopoly. This proves, too, that even in an autocracy there are printers with that American joy and delight — a good, fat “ pull.” THE Swiss-Italian compositors and their employers recently agreed on a new scale, which estab¬ lishes a fifty- four-hour work-week and contains fea¬ tures not comprised in any American scale, so far as we are aware. As with us, when machines are installed, the employes at case are given an oppor¬ tunity to learn, and during an apprenticeship not exceeding twenty-four weeks they receive the wages they would have earned at the case. After that period an intermediate wage is provided for eighteen months, when the operator is supposed to have reached a speci¬ fied rate of speed, varying according to the make of the machine used. The wages vary also according to the make of machine used. The working time for operators is six hours for night and seven for day work. Overtime, holiday and Sunday work is charged at the rate of twenty-five per cent increase on the wages received. AN employing printer of Berlin, Germany, weary l of having the employes passing through the business office, ordered them to' take a side entrance. The men took offense at this, and — agreeable to the trade rules and customs prevailing in Berlin — demanded the repeal of the obnoxious order and tendered their resignations. To their astonishment, these were accepted and their places filled. An appeal was taken to the board — composed of employers and employes — that adjusts trade difficulties, which promptly decided the employer had not been guilty of any breach of contract. While the employer seems to have given the men short shrift, owing to confidence that the board would protect him in his rights, yet the men, like thousands of others, can only blame their readiness to leap before looking for the plight in which they found themselves when the returns came in. IN his monthly report to the members of the Inter¬ national Printing Pressmen’s Union, President Higgins speaks out loudly and clearly on the propo¬ sition to abrogate agreement with the United Typothe- tae. To heed the “ brazen demand ” to repudiate the agreement would be an outrageous assumption on the part of the officers, in Mr. Higgins’ opinion. " The agreement should stand,” he says with emphasis, and expresses the hope that all delegates to the St. Louis 530 THE INLAND PRINTER convention will remember that the signers of the docu¬ ment acted in good faith, and not take any action which will besmirch the good name of the union, if not cover it with dishonor and disgrace. Whatever may be said of this gentleman’s shortcomings he meets the situation in the right spirit and with refreshing emphasis ; yet it is just what we expect of him. He has our felicitations on a good piece of work well begun. A WRITER in the official organ of the New York Typographical Union, No. 6, reaches the con¬ clusion that the Typothetse is contemplating a declara¬ tion of war on the unions. He regrets this, but is not cast down, as he thinks “ Unionism grows healthier with some exercise in warfare ; so if the Typothetse decides to give us a shake-up, its members may unin¬ tentionally be doing the union a good turn.” The wish may influence the thought, but we entertain no dire forebodings, though it can not be gainsaid that, once firmly established, unions do not experience any serious setbacks after a series of well-fought battles. Considering their size, they remedy the weaknesses which a struggle discloses with wonderful expedition, and, notwithstanding two or three recent affairs that left a bad taste in the mouths of unionists, we are not among those who believe the Typographical Union has forgotten how to fight. Rather, if history repeats itself, these typographical Bull Runs will be turned to good advantage by the unions. No doubt many in each camp are willing to engage in a test of strength, and we opine that there is more belligerency on the union side than on the other, but the great mass of employers and employes know nothing can be obtained from force that can not be accomplished by less drastic and expensive means. This calls for the exercise of forbearance and concession, but there is no day of reckoning with material losses and remorseful regrets such as always follow a strike or lockout. And it is to the straight-thinking, business-like majority on each side that we pin our hope of industrial peace. W. B. P. AND now comes a lachrymose trade-unionist with . a genuine blown-in-the-bottle appeal on behalf of the star-eyed goddess Henry Watterson enjoys making sacrifices to. In a recent article, a machinist gives his experience with a National Metal Trades’ Association employment agency. As he was disin¬ clined to vouchsafe information desired as to his age, birthplace, color of hair and eyes on applying for a job, this young man found the agency a rather incon¬ veniencing institution. A little thing like not being able to “ catch on ” does not worry this magnanimous soul — perish the sordid thought. His heart goes out to the poor, deluded employer who wished to engage him in the worst way and could not do so without the consent of the agency. To see men so enslaved as these employers touches the chronicler to the quick. He screeches for the Constitution and asks, Can such things be in this free country? His grief is more poignant than that of Mr. Parry for the unionist who is so lost to all sense of decency as to insist on getting the highest wages going. The machinist lets in some light on the operations of the new-fangled notion adopted by the Metal Trades’ Association, but who profits by the shedding of these crocodile tears? No one believes Mr. Parry is really concerned about the loss of freedom or influence- — if there be any loss — that falls to the lot of the workingmen who form unions ; nor does any one think the scribe we speak of cares one whit whether the agency employer is unable to secure capable men. It were better if those discussing industrial questions would abandon the methods used by sophomoric shysters when they are attempting to string hanger-on juries, the members of which delight in maudlin sentiment, accompanied by palpably insincere highfalutin ! Let us have the truth without frills. W. B. P. PRIDE in success is not unworthy if kept within rea¬ sonable bounds. Financial success seems to be the modern gauge of all endeavor, and any seeming imputation upon the perfect reliability or credit of an individual or a firm is hastily and vehemently resented. When we receive a little C. O. D. package of goods that we have ordered, we look upon the action of the sender as an imputation upon our reliability, and gratify our feelings by writing as bitter and sarcastic a letter as our ability will permit. And, if our bump of self-esteem is unusually well developed, we may have the goods returned, condemning the sender, the express company, the messenger and every one con¬ nected with the transaction — except ourselves. Our own treatment of customers — how about that? Do we accept the imperious bidding of every one, regard¬ less of the necessity of opening petty accounts, cost of collecting, sending statements, etc. ? Or do we feel that it is our duty to take the bare word of the new customer who mails an order from a distance or sends an oral message, and tumble over ourselves in our eagerness to hand out our wares and take our chances ? Not at all. We squint carefully at Bradstreet or Dun or the Mercantile Agency book, if we have time and are solicitous for new trade. But usually we have that little order sent C. O. D. and save trouble and time. If our new customer had sent in his order in a businesslike way — with a check — or other good and sufficient guaranty, express charges and incidental profanity would have been saved — the latter to be used on some more deserving occasion. When we are trans¬ acting business let us transact our business in a busi¬ nesslike way. In philosophizing over the problems of business we are prone to observe that there is only one way of doing business and that is the right way, and that nothing should be taken for granted. But when our philosophy is turned against ourselves — that is another story. Send a check and save the freight. THE INLAND PRINTER 531 STAR-GAZERS AND STUDENTS. HE unthinking man who looks at the heavens on a cloudless night sees a multitude of stars, but one means no more to him than another and the whole is but a spectacle of the fire-works class. But how different do those myriads of planets appear to the student who knows their groupings, their These reflections have often been forcibly impressed upon me as I have noted the manner in which the finest trade journals are treated by various employes and even by many employers. Some glance over the pages, pause at the pretty pictures, and toss them aside. These are the star¬ gazers. Others take them home of an evening or two, immeasurable distances and the marvelous system of their movements. There are star-gazers and students in every walk of life ; some see but the superficial beauties, others delight in delving into the hidden mysteries. and go through them from cover to cover with pains¬ taking care. These are the students. And to them much is opened that the star-gazer never dreams of. Personally I have studied printing for over twenty years and yet it is a rare number of a trade journal a 532 THE INLAND PRINTER careful reading of which does not give me some new idea, some solution of a difficulty, or some inspiration to better work that more than pays me for the time I spend in its careful study. When I see some employe, who has the wealth of all of these magazines placed before him without cost and every inducement given him to profit by them, pass them by with a glance over the pictures, I am tempted to think about the Bible reference to the casting of pearls. When I ask some struggling proprietor of a small office if he saw such and such an article in the last number of a leading trade magazine and he says, “ I don’t get time to read it,” I wonder if more thinking and less work would not pay that printer better. In the various departments of every number of The Inland Printer there is a wealth of technical information that is priceless to the young' man who is making printing his life work. The students who read it from cover to cover thereby show the discrimi¬ nating employer the extent of their ambition. The motive shown will mark them for advancement and the knowledge acquired will enable them to gain higher positions. A thorough reader makes a thorough workman and a well-posted proprietor. F. W. T. PRINTING-TRADE STATISTICS. EADERS interested in such things will recall the International Typographical Congress held at Lucerne, in 1901, even though slight attention has been paid its work on this side of the Atlantic. The con¬ gress resolved itself into a permanent organization, taking the name of International Typographical Fed¬ eration, electing as secretary and chief working officer P. Stautner, of Berne, Switzerland. This was appar¬ ently a happy selection, for among the duties imposed on the secretary was the rather formidable one of compiling a “ reliable account of the state of the print¬ ing trade and its numerous organizations in various parts of the world.” Mr. Stautner has completed his work, and though the editor is evidently disappointed at the result of his labors, it is an extremely creditable beginning, embracing', as it does, statistical lore of thirty-one working printers’ societies of Europe, America, Australia, South Africa and Egypt, repre¬ senting directly three hundred thousand persons and indirectly as many more. That it embraces reliable information of such a large number of followers of the art preservative is1 assurance of its interesting quality and gives it prestige. Circumstances compel the writer to content himself with reading a copious review of the report, and, from it, it is learned that the oldest organization repre¬ sented is the London (England) Society of Composi¬ tors, which was founded in 1848, followed closely by its sister organization, the English Typographical Society, whose birth-year is given as 1849, and the International Typographical Union, which was insti¬ tuted in 1852, while the baby of the aggregation is the Servian Typographical Society, which was christened in 1901. Our own typographical union is the largest, with nearly forty thousand members (1902), followed by the aforementioned English societies, with 11,355 and 16,600 members, respectively, and at the foot of the list is the Bulgarian organization, with seventy members. Seventeen of the federated bodies have female members, ranging from the three thousand returned by the American organization to the one each credited to the Roumanian and Bulgarian societies. The conditions governing apprentices appear to be as varied as predictions on a horse race in Kentucky. It would seem that heaven for some apprentice-loving employers is to be found in the Balkan States, for the Roumanian society, with 250 members, reports 350 apprentices, only to be outdone by the Bulgarian body, with 120 embryo journeymen to its membership of 70. England and its antipodal colony are the only countries in which a seven-year apprenticeship is required. The Hungarian organization is content with a term of from three to four years, with aspirants between twelve to fourteen years of age, while an Italian society requiring five years’ service places the age limit at from ten to fourteen years. Among the Scandinavians the reins do not hang so loosely, for in Denmark and Sweden apprentices must be at least fifteen years old and in Norway a year older when they commence their four or five year apprenticeship. English-speaking printers have the most stringent apprenticeship regulations, and the craft does not appear to suffer ; for where the lowest standard is there will be found also the largest army of boys. It rather surprises one to learn that the benefits paid by continental printing-trade organizations are as comprehensive as those which prevail among British printers, and in some instances more liberal. There is a glimpse of the stern hostility of the law to trade unions in one of the secretary’s comments. Speaking of the resources of several of the societies, he says : “ They do not, in their local reports, show the actual amount of their incomes, so as not to infringe the laws of their country, consequently the sum total of capital represented by the international federation is actually higher than indicated by the -tables.” Mr. Stautner is anxious to secure information from any source which will aid him in improving on the altogether creditable initial report. How far afield he intends to go in compiling interesting data the writer has no means of knowing. That excellent British publication, the Caxton Magazine, thinks there should be a census of subscribers to technical journals, which suggests the danger that by undertaking to do too much the secretary may fail to accomplish any¬ thing worth while. The Caxton Magazine makes this interesting remark in the course of its review of the report : What is certainly one of the most hopeful signs indicated in this emphatically optimistic report is the evidences of THE INLAND PRINTER 533 intense interest displayed in connection with trade literature generally and the literary , organs of the societies particularly. This is a healthy as well as a hopeful sign, for it suggests, on the part of the workman, something more than a mere bread-and-butter interest in his craft. When we think of the number of workmen directly and indirectly associated with the printing trades in this country, and then of the half¬ hearted support which the trade journals receive, we can scarcely wonder at the position the British printer is fre¬ quently compelled to take in matters affected by international competition. We may possibly suggest to the international secretary that, in addition to the usual records, a census of subscribers to technical or trade journals in connection with the various societies would be an interesting and valuable addition to the next report. It could easily be arranged and might possibly stir things up a bit. W. B. P. IRRITATING SHOP RULES. N the current Johns Hopkins University circular, Dr. George E. Barnett, of the Political Economy Seminary of that institution, has an article on “ Shop Rules of the International Typographical Union,” in which he reviews the development of that class of legislation. In reference to the so-called “ priority laws,” the doctor says : “ Up to the present time there seems reason to believe that the printers generally have refrained from an arbitrary construction of the law, although in some cases a dangerous tendency to infringe upon undoubted rights of employers has revealed itself. The attempt to set up a form of civil- service tenure in the printing trade is an experiment in the modification of the wage contract which requires for its successful carrying out a high degree of for¬ bearance and wisdom on the part of subordinate unions and of national officials. The danger is always present that the ‘ priority law ’ may be interpreted in such a way as to become a shield for incompetents.” Dr. Barnett neither directly commends nor condemns the unions’ attitude, but he does drop the role of scientific investigation to indulge his prophetic soul and actually opines that the Typographical Union will ere long, if it be true to its traditions, submit its laws to the tender mercies of the arbitrators. As will be seen from the following quotations, the doctor believes such a condition to be the logical outcome of the International Typographical Union’s indulgence in legislation designed to interfere in the internal man¬ agement of offices : Shop rules are as much elements in the wage contract as the rate of wages or the length of the working day. In the earliest stage of collective bargaining in the printing trade, the local union formulated a scale and presented it to employers for approval. The preparation of scales in the more highly organized localities has now become the work of joint committees. Shop rules, to be effective, must be enforced through the whole jurisdiction of the union, and the formulation of these rules, if they follow the same line of evolution which the determination of other parts of the wage contract has taken, will become the work of boards repre¬ senting the International Typographical Union and the national organizations of the employers. There is evidence that we are now passing through the initial stage in that evolution. The Typographical Union can not consistently with its past history long maintain the position that “the laws of the union are not subject to arbitration.” td p THE OVERMODEST PRINTER. N the printing business there are far more over- modest chargers than good salesmen. Too many entirely lack the spirit of true salesmanship and seem to be trying to see how low they can sell their work rather than how much they can get for it. To be sure it is not the highest salesmanship to over¬ charge a customer. A mercenary disregard of patrons’ rights is bound to result in a loss of trade which, in the long run, will more than offset a small temporary gain, but it would be a facetious man who would dwell at length on this point in writing to printers. It will be many years before our customers will need a champion to protect them. Printers, however, do need to have impressed on their minds a larger appreciation of the value of their own services, for most of us rate our worth too low. A man once asked the late D. L. Moody how to make others believe in the Bible, and he told him, ” First believe in it yourself.” The printer who does not himself believe that a piece of work requires $50 worth of brains, material and labor, is not likely to convince a customer that such should be the price of it. It is a well-known fact that some printers get more for their work than do others. Often they get these increased prices in the face of lower bids. Sometimes it is better work, frequently friendship, but, more often it is good salesmanship induced by a reasonable degree of self-appreciation. Some men have a faith in the value of their own services which is so real that it is contagious. Whenever you find a printer who fears competition and who persistently cuts prices, you will find one who has no appreciation of the value of his own services. Whenever you find a printer who sells his work at a good price, you will find one who thoroughly believes in himself and his work. It is true that there are many who are led astray by incorrect calculations of mechanical cost, but there are more who, even if they knew the mechanical cost, would still be quite as poor salesmen, for they do not appreciate what constitutes an adequate profit over and above that cost. Hundreds of printers are shaping up their cus¬ tomers’ copy, practically writing the matter they print, suggesting valuable ideas and preventing costly errors, yet for all this they are getting no return, simply because they do not appreciate the worth of such addi¬ tional service enough to even attempt to charge for it. The printer who places at the disposal of his patrons valuable suggestions, good machinery, skilled workmen, intelligent proofreading and painstaking supervision of work, coupled with financial responsi- 534 THE INLAND PRINTER bility for its proper completion, must know that such service is worth far more than that offered by less well- equipped establishments. Then why should he be afraid to charge for it? If he can not convince his customer that these things are worth an added price, then he is a poor sales¬ man, and more than likely at the root of his poor sales¬ manship is his own lack of faith in himself and his work. When he becomes thoroughly convinced that he is being underpaid, he will be mentally strengthened and fortified in his efforts to develop himself into the is no profit in it, and that the prices they imagined others would make forced them to it, but deep down in their hearts they do not believe all that. They think that by some hook or crook they are going to make a profit at $800 and they imagine that their competitors will think the same, but they do not know what the other bids are, and often are given a serious jar by finding that they went much lower than any one else. The other fellow is not always the low man who is ruining the business, and quite often the printer’s own lack of confidence is a worse foe than his competitor. kind of salesman who is ashamed to sell things for less than they are worth. It has been said that “ Any fool can give things away, but it takes a salesman to sell them,” and many printers could take this idea under serious considera¬ tion with great advantage to themselves and also to the craft at large. Effective organization and self-appreciation are the two elements absolutely essential to improvement in the financial condition of the printing business. Organization by itself will amount to but little if not accompanied by the conviction that our work and services are worth more. It is the lack of this con¬ viction on the part of some that has wrecked many promising organizations when they have attempted to place prices on a proper level. Men go to a Typothetse meeting and say that a certain job should be billed at $1,000, and then go back to their offices and mail a bid for $800. To be sure they will claim that there What these overmodest printers need to learn is less respect for their own shadow and a greater degree of that self-assertiveness which builds fortunes in other lines of business. They need to recognize that 'printing is an art, and not a menial’s vocation. That it demands, besides capital and labor, intelli¬ gence, brains, taste and unceasing vigilance ; and that all of these are not covered by so much per hour for presswork or composition, but have a value in propor¬ tion to their quality, apart from and above the charge for the purely mechanical work of execution. The trade press and the present organizations can do much to inculcate this appreciation of the value of good service and to raise the printers’ notions of what they are entitled to, but a lasting reformation of the individual proprietor must come from strong inward conviction, the kind of conviction that resolves on improvement “ without the aid or consent of any THE INLAND PRINTER 535 other.” The best these other outside influences can do is to set the printer to thinking on his folly in con¬ tinuing to be a beggar in the market-place. The printing and publishing interests of this coun¬ try are among its most important industries. The technical and business ability required for their man¬ agement is as high as for any other, but a comparison of salaries and incomes would place us among the least. Do not our workmen appreciate their own value? Even so. Do not the papermen prize their stock, even to the pennyweight, least an extra pound should lie heavy on their consciences? Indeed, even the wrap¬ pers and cord are often weighed in. Do the typefounders grow lean as their automatic machines take in 7-cent old metal and throw out dollar-a-pound job faces? Possibly there is some unknown suffering among them, but they still seem able to trust us even at fifteen off and the freight. Do the machine men bill presses at the price of old iron ? Hardly ; they are not such easy ones as we, Do the ink men sell carmine lake at the price of plain black? No; they leave that to the obliging printer, who too often “ don’t count ” the ink at all. All these, from whom we buy, have a large eye of appreciation for their own wares, and they are quite right. The customer also values his coin and holds to it with lingering grip or, if he separates from it easily, deducts two per cent for his promptness. Why should the printer, who feeds the one class and serves the other, receive so little reward that the banker looks askance at him as a risky venture? Let us then open the eyes of our self-appreciation, discard our overmodest ways and charge enough to secure at least the respect of those with whom we deal. F. W. T. TECHNICAL EDUCATION. TRADE-UNIONIST, in discussing the appren¬ ticeship system, says it is becoming obsolete, largely because it is not adapted to a “ variable system of industry ” where specialists are in demand and con¬ tinuity of employment is menaced by inventions. The fear of sudden disarrangement causes distress of mind among the specialists. In the opinion of this unionist, it is very desirable that the mental attitude of workers of this class should be changed. For their intellectual well-being they must rid themselves of the notions that they are destined to spend their lives in the repe¬ tition of some small process, and it is desirable from a material standpoint that they be able to shift from one branch of a trade to another. At one time the apprenticeship system opened a way for a young man to so equip himself for the struggle, but that is largely a thing of the past, and where vestiges of it yet remain by grace of peculiar conditions, they are fast fading away. A general knowledge of principles governing the various subdivisions of crafts is more desirable than heretofore, and the only lnanner by which it may be obtained is through manual and tech¬ nical education. This method is more in keeping with existing conditions, and, in fact, is one feasible way through which the aspiring artisan or mechanic may hope to gain that knowledge of his chosen vocation that shall rob inventions of their terrors. Technical education will be a live question in the industrial world in the near future, and it behooves the interested ones to be giving the subject some thought. W. B. P. Written for The Inland Printer. PUBLICITY PRINTING. IT is my opinion that few printers are sufficiently expert in the theory and practice of advertising. Printers and publishers as business men should lead in practical publicity. This does not mean that they should become professional ad.-writers, or theorists in store management. Good printing should be good advertising. How very often a creditable printing job is a flat failure as an advertisement. The printer failed to grasp the idea. This is not strange. He has studied type-specimen books and ink combinations in manifold so much that he had overlooked important publicity principles. He never was trained in “ pub¬ licity.” Probably he never gave the subject serious thought. Most printing jobs are produced for the purpose of advertising something, just as advertisements are inserted in the magazines and newspapers for the same purpose. A few years ago printing of doubtful quality was generally accepted, even by the largest and best busi¬ ness houses. To-day, the better class of customers is not accepting “ any old thing ” that the printer sees fit to palm off on the unsuspecting. The best-paying customers are now patronizing the best printers. They want not only “ neat, tasty, up-to-date ” composition and “ good, clean presswork,” but printing that is good advertising — printing that fairly bristles with advertising arrangement and design — printing that artistically tells you the merits of the thing adver¬ tised — drives the thoughts home and clinches them with sledge-hammer force. Work of this character costs more money than the ordinary “ up-to-date ” variety because it is worth more, as it is the result of mixing brains with printing- ink. In short, good advertising is merely a judicious mixture of experience, ink, paper and brains. Those who have the correct formula are the aristocrats of the business, the upper ten, the “ 400 ” of the profes¬ sion, for profession it is. Every printer should aspire to be one of this “ 400,” and use his time and gray matter to that end. Many successful firms employ experts to write, design and oversee their newspaper advertising, print- 536 THE INLAND PRINTER ing, booklets, etc. These men command good salaries and are hard to find. They save and make money for their employers. What is the practice in general? The average business man attends to his own print¬ ing and advertising ; successfully in some cases. He writes his booklet or bill-head with about the same mental exertion that he would employ in making a memorandum of a bill of goods, usually without study¬ ing results ; he has no expert publicity printer at his elbow to advise him. The result is often a crude effort at copy-writing that imperfectly represents his own half-formed ideas. Mr. Busy Merchant then goes to the long-suffering, lamb-like printer with his ’script; perhaps it is poorly constructed, with words mis¬ spelled, incorrectly punctuated, the meaning obscure and the whole mess not fit for publication. This rainbow-copy vision has no silver lining and is not overdrawn. Any printer can testify to this fact; yet how many printers are there who have the courage to refuse such a job? How many have sand enough to inform the customer that his copy must be rear¬ ranged, or rewritten, and that they will do it for him for pay?: This kind of work should be paid for as well as typesetting or presswork. What does the “ got-a-note-coming-due printer” do? He takes the job, after the customer has sucked the orange dry for him, goes ahead and gets it out, following copy as closely as his weakened conscience will allow, and collects the bill — if he can. When the customer sees the job completed and compares it with a similar one done by one of the “ 400 ” publicity printers, he is mad, awfully mad ; probably he refuses to pay the price agreed upon and a compromise is effected on the “ cut-rate ” basis, so that the job will not be a dead loss to the lamb-like printer at the slaughter. “You should have known better,” he argues; “ you should have fixed it up as I wanted it,” he roars, thus giving the poor printer more credit for’ pro¬ ficiency in mind-reading than he ever dreamed of possessing. This brings me to a point that I wish to italicize, namely: That printers should study advertising as applied to printing of the modern kind. Those who do this are in a position to offer expert advice to cus¬ tomers for pay. They can tell them whether their ideas are likely to produce the desired result, and, if not, to suggest something better. Hundreds of men and some women, who hardly know a lower-case from the bed of a press, master the principles of good advertising and make money for themselves and their employers. If these persons, unskilled in' the use of letters, plain and grotesquely up-to-date, can become “ experts,” why, then, can not printers and publishers also master advertising prin¬ ciples and apply them? Some are doing this, and making money. Many more could do it. It is neces¬ sary to study . advertising books . and publications as well as the almanac and specimen books of type- foundries. The natural intelligence of printers should be applied to mastering publicity printing that is at least worth the price of the paper that has kissed the ink-faced type. The most surprising fact in this connection is this : Nearly every printer and publisher already imagines himself an advertising expert of the most exalted kind; often he has yet to learn the A B C’s of the profession. Everything else being equal, no man is so well equipped to make advertising successful : as the good job-printer, if he understands that he does not know it all in the beginning. He should broaden his advertising knowledge and experience in all: possible ways and apply that: knowledge in his office and print- shop. Think on these things, brother printers. Think hard and — keep on thinking. Written for The Inland Printer. THE PRINTERS’ AGREEMENT. BY STRICKLAND W. GILLILAN. In Ivnocksville (hard by Hammersburg) , a town of small dimensions, There dwelt four wily printer men, each making bold pretensions To do the finest, cheapest work within that little ville, While each, in settling, strove to give best discount on his bill. This system proved so ruinous to one and all, that they Decided they would meet and fix the matter up, one day. And thus they met: Old Piker Slugge, Jim Dash and Collum Rule; With Shutin Stycke, who came at length, though seeming rather cool. The diffidence of rivalry o’ercome, they settled down To blowing up the patrons of their craft, within that town; The stinginess of this one and the crookedness of that They chattered o’er — you may be sure each had his man down p,at. Then to the things more businesslike before the house they came, And each told prices he had made to men he called by name. An ironclad agreement they perfected, then and there. On prices that they all agreed were practical and fair. And then — such faithless creatures as those printers proved to be ! — Each rubbed his hands in pleasure and each hugged himself in glee; He’d learned just what the others would be asking, and he knew Just how much he should charge, to beat the others black and blue. Each sliced the price agreed on till you’d never recognize it, Each wondered at dull trade — he’d hoped he might monopolize it. Then each felt scarcely half the size of Towser’s smallest flea When he discovered all the rest had done the same as he! PRESIDENT ELIOT AND THE UNION LABEL. In his refusal to allow the speech he delivered before the Boston Central Labor Union to be printed under a union label, President Eliot, of Harvard, was guilty of no incon¬ sistency, as some have charged, but acted as any man of good sense and independent spirit should do under similar circum¬ stances. President Eliot gave as his reason for the refusal, that the label condoned the closed shop and the closed shop implied the denial of free competition. This puts in a nut¬ shell the chief and, strongest argument against the union label, and affords all the justification which President Eliot, or any other American citizen, needs for a refusal to sanction a practice so foolish and so inimical to public interests. The business of tagging manufactured products of any kind with marks or signs designed to cause a discrimination in favor of one class of workers against another, is utterly repugnant to the American sense of justice and fair play; a silly, meddle¬ some and impertinent practice, beneath intelligent and self- respecting men and women, and quite intolerable in a free country. — Leslie’s Weekly. FUKUDA AT NAGASAKI THE INLAND PRINTER 537 While our subject, we Anonymous ] please give n of good faith not nei ters will All letter always open for the discussion of ; issarily indorse the opinions of < lot be noticed; therefore correspc necessarily for publication, but as of more than one thousand words GORDON LOCK-UP. To the Editor: Brooklyn, N. Y., May 12, 1904. The lecture by Mr. Butler, which was reprinted in your magazine for May, was intensely interesting and very instruc¬ tive, considering its limited duration ; I wish it had been three times as long. Mr. Butler’s diagrams for locking up a Gordon chase were undoubtedly very good, but I learned a way which I think is unequaled. Briefly stated, the idea is this : Pieces of metal furniture, longer and deeper than the page of type, are placed around it so that one end of each piece of furniture comes to the end of the type and rests against another piece of furniture, while the other end of each piece is left free. This forms a solid and firm lock-up, and the pressure is even on all ^our sides, without any possi¬ bility of binding or springing. After the first row of metal furniture has been placed around the type it can be further strengthened by the addition of a second row, or wood furni¬ ture of any suitable length can be used to fill the chase. This lock-up is practically perfect, and you can not kick the form out of the chase; besides, it requires less pressure on the quoins to make the type lift, an important matter when you are using cast-iron chases. Another matter I wish to speak of is this : The Hempel quoin is not the best quoin for a small job chase. It tends to drag the form crooked on a small job, and is too heavy and too large. The Wickersham quoin is far superior, as it simply widens out by action of the eccentric cam, and although it has a rather delicate mechanism, it will, if properly used, last a long while and be found amply strong enough for a half-medium chase. Joseph C. White. EIGHT-HOUR AGITATION. To the Editor: Indianapolis, Ind., May 8, 1904. Mr. Shelley’s article in your May issue on the relation between book and job and newspaper offices is very interesting and will bear a re-reading. He places the case very fairly, for a Typothetae official, but he is off in several details, as, for example, when he says machines were introduced in 1895-6. They made their appearance in disturbing numbers as early as 1891, when Indianapolis Union sent a committee East to investigate and report on the pesky things, and the transition period was over by 1896, in the larger cities at least. Also, when he quotes the six-hour law, which was intended to apply to hand composition, and for which there was a great need, as Mr. Shelley shows. Just why it is retained in the ponderous book of laws of the union I do not suppose any one could explain, except on the theory that it does no harm. But I am convinced Mr. Shelley hugs a delusion when he thinks the book and job men do not want an eight-hour work-day. He may not hear the clamor for it, but they want it, nevertheless, and if he wishes to test them on the ques¬ tion let him see how many of them would refuse to accept an eight-hour job in preference to a nine-hour one, all other things being equal. To me it seems the height of absurdity to say a man does not want another hour to himself to do with as he pleases. Statistics show in other trades, even in piece-work industries, the first reduction of working hours were approved by small union majorities. The book and job men may be queer cattle, but they are not unlike their fellows in this respect. A gentleman, whose business it is to visit book and job offices throughout the country and who keeps in touch with the workers, told me two weeks ago that there was vastly more sentiment for eight hours to-day than there was for nine hours six years ago. I desire to thank Mr. Shelley particularly for his admis¬ sion that the newspaper printers are anxious to do something for the book and job men. The old cry of employes was that the former would do nothing for their less fortunate fellow- members. Have the newsmen become altruistic or has the Typothetae grown more honest, or is Mr. Shelley one of the rare birds? But is the union the only agency that bothers the Typothetae? Do not the various trusts make inroads on the ever-talked-about profits? The world prospered without trusts but never without labor. Then why are nbt a few of the criticisms hurled at the octopi? Is it not because the Typothetae thinks the workers present an easier problem — can be defeated — while the trusts can not ? What are the employers afraid of that they do not speak out on the trust problem? From a humanitarian standpoint the trusts are less deserving of sympathy. What they exact goes to the house of Have ; what the unions get in the scramble is divided among the family of Want. The Typothetae and its spokesman seem to believe that the Alpha and Omega of all things is profit. I do not think the. unions are impervious to the business requirements incident to any situation — if pre¬ sented honestly and fairly, and not in such a manner as to show insincerity on its face. But, after all, there are greater things than the god Profit, among them the elevation of the great mass of the people by raising the standard of living, and more leisure for self-improvement is one of the means to that end. If the jobmen have no aspirations in that direction, then indeed dry rot is in their bones. Unionist. DEDUCTING SPOILAGE FROM EMPLOYES’ WAGES. To the Editor: Portland, Ore., May 10, 1904. The letter in your May issue from Mr. Frank Hammond in justification of the practice of deducting from the pay of an employe on account of errors, depicts a tendency of the times worthy a discussion which would fill an entire number of your excellent periodical. That “ the workman is worthy of his hire ” is a fact established both in ethics and equity, and Brother Hammond’s reference to a case in point wherein a printer was adjudged by the court to be responsible and liable for the loss on account of an error, leaves his readers in blissful ignorance as to whether said printer was not also the proprietor, hence justly responsible to his customer. If, in this case, an employe was made to stand between his employer and the customer, then that decision was suffered only because of the inability of said -employe to defend his common rights, which inability is the reason such peculiar decisions are on the increase to-day, and together this decision and inability consti¬ tute another point in proof of the demoralizing tendency above referred to. This same tendency is markedly in evi¬ dence as a basis of the entire argument of Mr. Hammond, as witness the statement that a man’s pocketbook is deeper than his feelings. If Mr. Hammond will say a conscientious and capable workman will be more concerned about the loss of a few dollars than about his own standard of efficiency and real concern for the reputation of his house (which reputation is likewise his own), then I say Mr. Hammond is mistaken. A workman sells his services for a given number of hours for a given amount of pay, and any attempt to deduct from that pay without his permission, provided full time has been 538 THE INLAND PRINTER put in, seems to me to be plainly at par with being forced to disgorge at the muzzle of a gun. If a proprietor does not wish to be responsible for the liability to err of a stranger, let him provide, if agreeable, a probationary arrangement wherein the workman may assume the financial responsibility, but after he proves himself compe¬ tent let that responsibility cease. Natural, automatic rules of life and industry will force the incompetent man back until he becomes competent. The habitually careless man should be summarily dismissed. But what of the conscientious, capable, honorable workman, the basis and foundation, the joint creator and maintainer of the good name and reputation of the house? He is but human, and, as such, is bound to err. Charge him with his occa¬ sional errors, brought about, mayhap, by overconcentration upon his work — his employers’ business — -and, mayhap, by fatigue, or a chance diversion — an inconsistent but accidental occurrence which marks the man from the machine? His mistakes, no matter how glaring, are accidental, not wilful nor the result of carelessness. Charge them up to him? Deduct from his pay? Purge the human being until it can hold its mentality in the narrow routine of service to the absolute exclusion of friends, associates, the sunlight, the entire uni¬ verse on the outside — aye, its own consciousness? Still it will err and occasionally fall short. Take a mortgage on its pay to make the house safe? If that is not the only demon¬ strable reason, then men’s aspirations are never to be taken into account and there is no honor among them. I can not understand how any capable, self-respecting workman could permit such a condition to obtain as a pre¬ requisite to his employment. R. A. Harris. PENOPRINTS. To the Editor: Punxsutawney, Pa., May 31, 1904. I send herewith some cuts to show what a printer may do if he sets his mind to it. The small cut is what I have termed a “ Penoprint,” and both represent my first attempts at pen¬ drawing and etching of line cuts. The negatives were made with a No. 4 Eastman Kodak, 4 by 5 plate. This may sound a little “ fishy,” but is nevertheless true, as I am able to prove. I am able to produce many effects in this manner that the average printer can not do with type and rule, or without sending to the city engraving houses. What I have accomplished, others may do also, not only in this line, but in other lines. My theory is that there never has been a printer so good but what some one else might be just a little better; no one has ever accomplished anything but what some one else might accomplish, with improvements. The aim of every printer should be to do things a little better than his fellow workman, not in a selfish, competitive spirit, but with an ambition to excel in his profession. And in his strife to excel he should not lose sight of the fact that it is not always the most complicated piece of typography that shows his worth as a compositor or his worth to his employer. It is not how much time one can spend on a piece of composition to make it look well, but in how little time the good results may be produced. Many printers will spend $4 worth of time on a $5 job in the use of rule and flourishes to make what they consider an artistic job, leaving only $1 for stock, presswork, etc. This occurs only where a compositor lacks a proper appreciation of his employer’s interests — a very important thing to be taken into consideration. In our endeavor to increase our ability to do things we should consider our employer’s interests, remembering that our worth to him is based on what we are able to earn for him. There are many things about the printing-office that we all could learn to our advantage, and our employer’s as well, if we would set about it. We might gather new ideas in com¬ position, make-up, lock-up, presswork, etc. I have been a printer for twenty years and yet there is much that I should like to learn, and always do learn something new in each number of The Inland Printer, which I have found to be an excellent text-book. B. F. Harlan. PLACING THE RESPONSIBILITY FOR SPOILAGE. To the Editor: Chicago, III., May 26, 1904. Mr. Hammond’s reply to R. C. M. on Responsibility for Spoilage ” suggests to me a few ideas which I do not think he has covered: (1) In the employment of help, does it not rest with the employer whom he shall employ? (2) In the organization of the plant, does it not rest with the management what system shall be used and what discipline enforced? (3) If, in the ordinary course of business, mistakes occur for which the employe is compelled to pay, are you not making that employe purchase his position at the price of the job spoiled ? In regard to the first proposition. I hold that the super¬ intendent or foreman who employs the mechanic is jointly responsible with the man that makes the mistake. Just THE INLAND PRINTER 539 because you place a man’s name on the pay-roll and assign him a given task does not release you from responsibility. He is under your charge. If he is incompetent, you employed him. If he makes a mistake, you are paid to see that he does not. You can not shirk your responsibility to the firm any more than a general commanding an army can blame the privates for his defeat. When a superintendent is placed in charge of a plant he is the responsible party. If he seeks to evade that responsibility by placing it upon the shoulders of the employes, he is making toward the destruction of that discipline that should pervade a well-organized plant and sacrificing the respect of the men under his charge. Now, in regard to the second proposition. My experience in the printing business inclines me to the belief that the ideal job ticket has not yet arrived. It may be that Mr. Hammond has such a ticket, but I do not think that the print¬ ing of a notice at the top of the ticket relieves the manage¬ ment of its responsibility. It is impossible within the limits of this short article to illustrate the different ways in which a misunderstanding of instructions can result in the spoiling of the work. I have known of cases when it would have taxed the skill of a Philadelphia lawyer to place the guilt. I think I will be sustained, however, in saying that human nature is much the same everywhere ; no one wants to accept the responsibility for spoiled work. The proprietor takes the superintendent to task, the superintendent goes to the foreman, and the fore¬ man blames the mechanic. The mechanic, being the weakest party in the controversy, usually has to stand the blows. Third, this question is simply one of justice, and, in view of the fact that the workman usually has to establish his innocence before his superiors, who are equally anxious to exonerate themselves while convicting him, it would seem that the conditions making toward justice in his case were somewhat strained. Lastly, the effect upon the mind of the workman who is compelled to pay for spoiled work, even though it is his mis¬ take beyond all question. The psychology of the situation presents itself to him thus: I must pay for this job or quit. If I pay for it I am sacrificing my dignity, I am being forced to acquiesce in what is essentially an injustice because I am the weaker party to the dispute, and if I must purchase this position at the behest of my employer, what reason have I to believe that he will not, sooner or later, force upon me other conditions equally unjust. Maintain discipline just as strict as is necessary for the proper conduct of the business, but do not destroy the respect and dignity of your position by compelling your underlings to assume a part of your responsibility. E. H. Girling. COST OF PRODUCTION. To the Editor: New York, N. Y., June i, 1904. In his article on the relation of newspaper to book and job printing-offices, Mr. Shelley has much to say about the lavish manner in which newspaper composing-rooms are conducted. From it one might infer that a newspaper office could not employ men for nine or ten hours a day if it wanted to “ owing to conditions foreign to the composing-room,” which would not be strictly in accordance with the facts. In many newspaper offices there is a constant struggle to avoid overtime, which seems to show that a nine or ten hour day would be very acceptable. At all events, it took the hardest kind of maneuvering to induce publishers generally to agree to an eight-hour day, and if newspaper compositors had been as lukewarm unionists as book and job men usually are there is doubt as to whether the hours would have been placed at eight. But, with the higher wages and waste (?) of labor inci¬ dent to the exigencies of news publishing on which Mr. Shelley puts so much stress, do not newspaper offices produce matter at a lower labor cost than book and job offices? If not, then why the perturbation of bookmen when a news¬ paper office goes after a job, even when the bulk of it has to be done at the overtime rate — price and a half? A methodi¬ cal operator — one of those men who knows just how much he has set at the end of a day — who followed a job from a job to a newspaper office, at increased wages, found that he “ set type ” much more cheaply in the newsroom than in the bookroom and with less exhaustion of energy. He ascribed it to superior office management, which aided him in working to the best advantage. In a newspaper office that pays as much as thirty per cent in advance of the scale, one of the business office force had some hand composition which he wished done. When the foreman of the ad.-room told him the labor cost would be about $7, he got hoity-toity and said ironical things about “ printers drawing big wages and having bankers’ hours.” He knew, of an office where the men did not get within a dollar and a dollar and a half a day of what alleged “ gen¬ tlemen ” did and worked more hours to boot. He would take his composition there, where he would not be robbed. He did. The bill was $15, and, on a “kick” being registered, his friend with the cheap labor proved that the cost of compo¬ sition was $10. I do not believe the average commercial printer reposes on a bed of roses, but are not some of his troubles due to mismanagement? The constant striving after something “ cheap ” does not seem to tend to prosperity. Perhaps if there were less lecturing of employes and customers and more introspective investigation of the ways of employers, some good might accrue. One lesson the publishers seem to have learned is commended to commercial printers : that the maxim, “The best is the cheapest,” holds good when you are pur¬ chasing labor just as well as in other things. The world over, the narrow-gauge has been abandoned for the broad- gauge, and why not in the printing business ? Printer. 540 THE INLAND PRINTER •SETTING MUSIC TYPE.’’ To the Editor: New York, N. Y., May 6, 1904. ■ I desire to answer this caption, which appeared in your issue of May and which was signed by H. J. Myers, of San Francisco. There is now a machine which is about to be put on the market that will set any kind of music for letter-press print¬ ing easier than solid matter can be set by hand or on any existing machine. The lines of the staff, the clefs, sharps, flats, notes, signatures, and any other characters required, can be produced by the mere touching of a key, as on the key¬ board of a typewriter, and the matrix is forthcoming from which to cast either a stereotype or an electrotype, this work being done in about one-fourth of the time a hand compositor can set the same measure in tabular work. While it would naturally be better that the operator of the machine have some knowledge of music, it would not be essen¬ tial, as correct copy would naturally be furnished by the writer. You say that a music font contains several hundred char¬ acters ; this would make no difference with the machine I speak of, as all the characters would be contained in a small receptacle ; they would be hardened steel punches (one punch for each character), and would be permanent — for use over and over again — whereby the ordinary print-shop in posses¬ sion of one of these machines could set any kind of music at regular composition rates. When the time arrives for adver¬ tising this machine for sale in your valuable journal the oppor¬ tunity for simplifying the publishing of music will be here. A further word regarding this machine for ordinary com¬ position (for which it was particularly invented) ; I would say that it commences where all other methods leave off, be they machine or hand composition; furnishing the matrix direct ready for the electrotyper of stereotyper, arid that the e box contains only one e, and that permanently ! Willis W. Russell. WORK NOT INSURED. To the Editor: Indianapolis, Ind., June 2, 1904. There have been several expressions in The Inland Printer concerning the wisdom of charging employes for “ spoilage.” It must be conceded that this is a delicate ques¬ tion, and there are few workers who would deny their respon¬ sibility in certain circumstances. Yet in a wide experience of over twenty years I have never had intimate knowledge of an office pursuing the charging policy which did not do injustice to its employes. As practiced under my eye, it is first cousin to the fining system so popular in some trades — a contemptible method of making a little money. An incident or two will serve to illustrate my meaning. I have seen a copyholder pay full price for an ad. on account of an error about which the advertiser cared nothing, and to which he made no objection to the office. The ad. was paid for twice, and when the management’s attention was directed to the manifest injustice and the hardship inflicted on the victim, owing to his peculiar circumstances, it was deemed an all- sufficient answer to say, “ It is one of our rules.” There have been other aggravating charges, but this proved the proverbial straw and the party of the second part made so effective a protest that, I am told, indiscriminate charging is no longer “ one of our rules ” in that office. In a job-office in which I was immured for some time there arose a question as to the responsibility of one of two men for some error. By acci¬ dent I overheard the superintendent and cashier discussing as to who should pay the freight. These worthies were simply determined to get the money — nothing more. They concluded that the most culpable of the two men would resist paying the bill to the extent of leaving and going to court; they reasoned that the other fellow had been playing in such hard luck he could not help himself, so, with a chuckle, they decided to mulct him. I must admit these men were the meanest I ever worked under, but the superintendent never issued an order that was not prompted by a desire to elevate his dear employes — to hear him tell it. Your correspondents have not discussed the justice of charging for mistakes. If the employe pays for the damages resulting from his errors, why should he not be compensated when he saves the office an expensive blunder? What is sauce for the goose ought to be sauce for the gander. Least¬ wise that is how a minor justice looked at it years ago, when a boy sought his aid in recovering money that had been deducted from his wages for spoilage. The New Orleans judge who thinks proofreaders should pay for errors would probably find he had stirred up a hornet’s nest if he tried to apply the ruling to the legal profession. If you hire a lawyer, and, after the case is lost, you discover he omitted a vital point in his presentation of it, would you get damages ? Would not the court tell you that the lawyers are not pre¬ sumed to be infallible, and that so long as the attorney gave service in good faith and exercised reasonable diligence — was not wilfully negligent — he could not be proceeded against? Notwithstanding statutes reading to the contrary, are not physicians in practically the same boat? What is just for the professional man in his capacity as employe should also be just for the wage-earner. In the rush and hurry of newspaper-making no sane man expects absolute accuracy with one reading of a proof, and the New Orleans justice was unjust — whatever other merit may inhere in his ruling — when he held that a reader should be pecuniarily responsible for all errors. If a fair-minded man, he would realize it if he had even a limited experience at proofreading in the average newspaper office with its noise and undignified haste. The proofreader is unlike a judge in that he can not hold a matter under advisement for six months. If his rule were enforced in the trade without any element of reciprocation, there would be more changes of faces in the “ bullrooms ” of the country than there are in good vaudeville theaters, which goes to show the idea is not practical. Employe. WOMEN AS COMPOSITORS. The employment of women as compositors is not, as many suppose, a modern innovation. At the Ripoli Monastery Press, in Florence, nuns were busy setting type within half a century after the introduction of printing. About 1690 one Jenny Hirsch carried on a printer’s business in Boston, and during the next two centuries women printers were common in the thirteen States. Mary Goddard printed the first issue of the Declaration of Independence. The French Revolution sent women to the press as well as to the barricades and the guillotine. Thomas Beddoes, an English philanthropist, had his “ Alexander’s Expedition,” published in 1792, set by a female villager, because, as he said, the nimble and delicate fingers of women “ seem extremely well adapted to the office of compositor, and it will be readily granted that employment for females is among the greatest desiderata of society.” WHAT THE TELEPHONE IS. The voice one hears over the telephone is not of the per¬ son who is talking; it seems exactly like the real tones drawn out thin and small and carried from a long distance by some mechanical means, but it is not. When one speaks into the instrument a little diaphragm like a drumhead begins to vibrate and each vibration sends a wave of electricity over the wire. These waves set up a mimic vibration in another diaphragm at the opposite end which jars the air and produces an imitation of the original voice. The result seems like the real thing, but is merely a first-class counterfeit. — Poiver and T ransmission. THE INLAND PRINTER 541 a time, just to demonstrate that the paper still had the right to use the nom de plume. The scintillations which emanated from the column at this time gave rise to grave apprehensions in certain ill-informed quarters that Mr. Nesbit was seriously threatened with paresis. He has been on the staff of the Chicago Tribune since 1902. He writes a poem a day and a Sunday page of verse and humor. He contributes extensively to the various monthly and weekly magazines, besides finding time to do occasional song writing for comic operas. Mr. Nesbit has given serious thought to the tendency of humorous writing as exemplified in the humorous periodicals of the day, and that he is capable of throwing out a sheet anchor to windward is well established by the serious verse that he has written, much of which has appeared under the heading of “ Sermons in Song.” “The Trail to Boyland,” a book of poems by Mr. Nesbit, will be issued by the Bobbs-Merrill Company, of Indianapolis, this fall. The following selections from his verse will give a fair idea of the wide range of his capabilities as well as the finish and simplicity of his style : “ SOMEWHERE.” [From “The Book of the Royal Blue.”] Somewhere the roses are brave and red; And apple blossoms are sweet and spread A wistful perfume that scents the day And clings to zephyrs that croon away When night comes slowly and bids them stay. A wondrous fragrance the blossoms bear — And wouldn’t you like to be there? Somewhere the meadows are stretching green, As clear as jewels, and soft and clean, With dandelions in spangled show That nod and beckon when breezes blow, Somewhere the meadows — But don’t you know The tone and tang of the bracing air? And wouldn’t you like to be there? Somewhere there reaches a country road, With crickets chanting a twilight ode; And bending branches to paint a shade Where moonbeams glimmer and gleam and fade, And will o’-the-wisps in the distance wade. Somewhere the fireflies flash and flare — And wouldn’t you like to be there? Somewhere — You know it; O, who but holds A memory that his heart enfolds — A memory of the leaning trees And soothing song of the honeybees And all of the boy-day melodies! Somewhere you lived in it all — somewhere — And wouldn’t you like to be there? WOS Y GIL TO yi YONK IK. Across the sad and solemn sea I reach a friendly hand to thee, My brother in adversity, Yi Yonk Ik. Snuffed out, just when its rosy flame Filled the wick. I, too, have seen coy glory flit And people tried pronouncing it, Yi Yonk Ik. The splendor that I made mine own Now rests beneath a chiseled stone — “ Jacet hie.” Your name, with rhythmic clink and clank, Was one before which others shrank — Mine with more softness rose and sank, Yi Yonk Ik. My name was like a serenade, Until some jealous lout or jade Threw a brick. Written for The Inland Printer. POETS AND HUMORISTS OF THE AMERICAN PRESS. WD. NESBIT, whose name is familiar to all who have an appreciation of the cheery side of life as por¬ trayed in the daily papers and the humorous peri¬ odicals, is a man of thirty-three years who learned the trade of a printer but whose earlier education was planned with a view to his entering the ministry. Following the period spent in the printing business, he drifted into reporting, working variously and variedly through Ohio and Indiana. When in Of the Chicago Tribune. Indianapolis he, for a time, wrote advertisements for a cloth¬ ing firm, where he began his work in verse by putting jingles in the ads. While working on the Indianapolis Journal he received a call from the Baltimore American to come East. He accepted the invitation, and on that paper conducted his first regular feature work of verse and humor. His department on the American at once became a never-failing source of pleasure to a constantly widening circle of readers. Among his hap¬ piest efforts will be long remembered those delightful sketches written in the style of King Solomon, wherein he was wont to size up a local political situation, or, perchance, call to mind the woman “ who buyeth a bonnet for her head.” While on the Baltimore American a large part of his work was done under the name of “ Josh Wink,” a nom de plume belonging to the paper- — any one doing the regular humorous department being to all intents and purposes “Josh Wink.” After Mr. Nesbit left Baltimore to go with the Chicago Tribune, the “Josh Wink” column was continued for 542 THE INLAND PRINTER My name was like a gentle sigh — A song beneath the southern sky — But still, we’re brothers, you and I, Yi Yonk Ik. Although your name, when spoken, makes A sound like Westinghouse’s brakes Clutching quick. But, do not mourn. Rejoice with me, For future ages still shall see Our names a-romp through history, Yi Yonk Ik. Yes, Yi Yonk Ik and Wos y Gil Shall through the coming epochs peal. We can’t kick. SANCTUARY. “Appoint out for you cities of refuge.” — Joshua xx, 2. There was, in that dim, ancient day, A place where men might find retreat, A place whose portals would not sway However hard the foes might beat, However they might rage and chafe; He found, who to that city went, A sanctuary strong and safe — A place of freedom and content. So, shut the door when night is come; Forget the world that lies without — The world of problems wearisome. Of worries, of defeat and doubt. Here on the hearth is cheering blaze; Here is the coaxing inglenook, With pipe, mayhap, incense to raise Above the dream-inspiring book. Bar out the world; learn to forget The echo of its rasping calls; Let neither care, nor fear, nor fret, Find footspace once within your walls. Forget the babel of the street; Forget the roughness of the way, For here are blossoms fair and sweet — Outside are shadows dull and gray. Be this your sanctuary, then. What- of to-morrow ? It may wait, For here is hearth and home again. And here contentment holds its state. These four walls shield us roundabout — What greater peace is there to win? Now all the darkness is shut out And all the light and love locked in. THE MAKING OF AN ARMY. Men are not born to the fighting; men are not bred to the sword; Only for God and their country have men to the battlefront poured. Not in the clanging of armor, not in the lilt of the drum; But in the call of their country do men hear the terrible “ Come! ” Then rise the men of a nation, men of a purpose and will - — Then do they rise with a light in their eyes, but not as men go to the kill. Men are not led by a halter, like to a reasonless beast; Men are not lured by a bauble to add to the carrion feast; Only when home and their country speak in the thunder of God Men walk, with faces illumined, the paths that their fathers have trod. Then, in the shrill of the bullet; then, in the war trumpet’s song; In the pipe of the fife leap the soldiers to life — ready, and gallant, and Let but the enemy’s cannon threaten the strength of our walls; Let but the hand of a traitor scatter disgrace in our halls; Then will the clamor of bugles over the nation be dinned; Then will the banners of battle snap in the hiss of the wind; Then will the hearth be deserted; then will the marts all grow bare; For the summons has pealed through the town and the field, and the men that were wanted were there. Men are not born to the fighting. Tell it again and again. Men who go down to the killing — pawns they may be, but not men. Only when God and the country sound us the long rally roll, Thrill us with drummings of conscience — comes then the blazing of soul; Comes then the knowledge of duty; come all the purposes high — Then come the men from the hill and the glen to put on their armor and die! WHY? ; Why? ” He asked it all th’ time — In th’ mornin’, soon as he Was awake, he use’ to climb ’Crost th’ bed an’ pester me. Asked it; asked it! Seemed as though He couldn’t make th’ questions fly. When he went to sleep, a low Whisper faded into “ Why? ” All th’ whole endurin’ day He kep’ up his questioning Runnin’ up to me to say Why was this, an’ ever-thing! Why did people have to work? Why did trees grow up so high? Looked like we must hire a clerk To keep up with every “ Why?” 1 Why? ” I mind th’ times I’ve laughed, Halfway puzzled, halfway vexed, Vowin’ he ’ud drive me daft- — Him a thinkin’ of th’ next! Bet they ain’t a stone or limb. Nor a star that’s in th’ sky But one time it’s started him On his never-endin’ “ Why? ” No, he doesn’t ask no more. Sometimes, nights, when mother draws Down th’ blihds an’ locks th’ door, I, unthinkin’, say “ Because.” Then she turns, an’ tries to smile But she breaks it with a sigh; An’ we sit th’ long, long while, Wonderin’ — an’ askin’ “Why?” WHAT’S THE LIMIT? [Doctor Dempwolf, of Berlin, reports that in four and one-half pounds of fruit he found 38,370,000 germs of different sorts.] O, doctor, spare us these details. Ere long we shall be overcome, For feeble calculation fails To even guess the monstrous sum Of microbes and bac-ter-i-a That hide behind jawbreaking terms. End our suspense. Say, doctor, say, What’s our capacity for germs? Give us the total. Set it down. That we may carefully keep count, With mathematic scowl and frown, Until each has his full amount. Give us the figures, even though The news our darkest dread confirms. O, doctor, this we want to know: What’s our capacity for germs? What is the limit? One may try To count the germs that he has had Since first he turned a hungry eye Upon the world — and he’ll go mad. Decillions are not in it. Doc. — We’ve simply lived on culture sperms. Of course it will be quite a shock, But, what’s the danger line of germs? You warn us that it’s bad for us To eat, or drink, or even breathe. When do we strike the overplus? We feel as though we fairly seethe With bad bacilli and the like — At contemplating it one squirms. When will the last contingent strike? What’s our capacity for germs? The above poems are reproduced from the Chicago Trib¬ une, with the exception of “ The Making of an Army,” which first appeared in the Baltimore American. NO DOUBT OF IT. I am a reader of your excellent magazine and think it is beyond question the best printers’ magazine that is published. — F. R. Patterson, Monterey, Tennessee. THE INLAND PRINTER 543 Written for The Inland Printer. THE PRINTING AND ALLIED TRADES EXHI¬ BITION IN LONDON. BY A SPECIAL CORRESPONDENT. H^OME years ago, commencing in 1882, there was a series of exhibitions for the printing and allied trades held in London. The first few of these were very successful, but the following ones proved not only unprofitable to the promoters, but were disappointing to both exhibitors and visitors. The last of these shows was held some seven or eight years ago, but in the interval that has elapsed since then advances in printing machinery and methods have been very rapid, and the present year was thought by the promoters of the show we are about to describe to be a favorable one carrying them at special fares, while tickets were issued in batches at very low prices. When the show was opened, the first week in May, the hall was well filled with exhibits of modern machinery and of manufactured stationery, over three hundred firms taking floor space, and a feature that struck the visitor was the great number of stalls at which pictorial postcards were displayed, these being an entirely new feature in connection with a printing-trade exhibition. Some mis¬ givings had been indulged in respecting the wisdom of exhibit¬ ing such widely diverse articles as postcards and type metal, cheap songs and gas engines, but we understand that fairly good business was done in these pictorial missives, for which there is just now quite a craze. Owing to the indisposition of Sir Henry Bemrose, the president of the Exhibition Committee, who was unable to to bring some of the newer machines and methods before the trade. As before, the Agricultural Hall at Islington was the place chosen. This is a large building originally erected for the holding of cattle shows; it is open throughout, has a wide gallery running entirely around the building, the roof being of glass, and it forms an ideal place wherein to hold a trade exhibition. The promoter and organizing manager was Mr. F. W. Bridges, who is the proprietor of a monthly printing-trade journal, and the committee list contained the names of many well-known men in the trade. This committee was somewhat of a farce, however, for we understand that it was never called together, except on one occasion, when a lunch was given and the members were informed that everything was going on quite smoothly, and so it had been decided not to trouble them with any exhibition matters. Elaborate arrangements were made to bring visitors to the hall, the various railway companies running into London attend through illness, the inauguration fell on the shoulders of Sir James Henderson, the proprietor of the Belfast News Letter, who stepped into the breach at a few minutes’ notice. Sir James proved himself a capital chairman. His after-lunch speech, the flavor of which was characteristically Irish, was punctuated throughout with roars of laughter. He compli¬ mented Mr. F. W. Bridges, the organizer of the exhibition, on the admirable result of his labors, and that gentleman in turn thanked the exhibitors who had so well supported him. After the speeches, a walk around the exhibition followed, and then in a few enthusiastic words, Sir James declared the exhi¬ bition open. The one thing that could not fail to strike the visitor to the Agricultural Hall was the immense preponderance of foreign machinery over the British-made article, more than two-thirds of the exhibits hailing from the United States and Germany. The American exhibits, so far as they showed inventive inge¬ nuity and high output, were a long way ahead of either their German or British competitors, although the Germans made 544 THE INLAND PRINTER a very good second, the British being practically nowhere. Many of the machines exhibited by British makers showed no improvements upon those of ten years ago, and in the printing-machine class there was but one flat-bed press, the “ Summit,” built by Dawson & Sons, of Otley, that could be said to embody any new feature, and even it was but a slight advance on the usual Wharfedale. Some British makers showed machines that were simply replicas of those built in America. Thus Messrs. Furnival & Co.’s two-revolution machine was American throughout its design, although built at their English works at Reddish. Among the exhibits of machines for printers, perhaps the first place was taken by Linotype and Machinery, Limited, which is the new title of the combined firms of Linotype Limited and the Machinery Trust, Limited. This firm occu¬ pied a considerable amount of space and showed simplex and duplex double-letter Linotypes. They also showed a Miehle two-revolution press and a Century two-revolution press, which, although made in their British works, are American in design. A number of other minor appliances were on view at this stand, including the Little Wonder letterpress machine, and the Little Wonder lithograph machine, neither of which can be called new. The L. & M. rotary press wasyatso on view here, but, although designed and built in England, it is modeled after the American fashion. There were several aluminum rotary printing machines in the exhibition, one shown by Furnival & Co. and another by the Aluminium Press Company, the general design being much the same. Messrs. John Haddon & Co. had a considerable exhibit in the form of a model printing-office, in which the type used had all been cast at their Caxton foundry, Market Harborough. A great number of machines were running in this office, among which American machines were well in evidence. There was an eight-crown Babcock Optimus and two smaller Babcock presses ; several Shneidewend proof presses, the Dexter feeder, six styles of galley proof presses, and as a novelty there was shown the new French “ Monocylette,” built by Lambert et Cie, of Paris. Besides these there- were several makes of platens and a gas-producing plant that supplied the National gas engine, which was geared to a dynamo that produced all the light and power required for the exhibit. An attractive stand was that of Messrs. Hunters, Limited, London. They are agents for a number of German firms, and showed a quad demy two-revolution machine of Messrs. Koenig & Bauer’s manufacture ; double crown lithograph machine by Charlesworth, of Oldham ; a process camera and a fine line of photoengraving machines by Hogenforst, of Leipsic, including saw bench, drill, jig and band saws, bevel¬ ing, routing and other appliances ; a powerful proof press ; demy, crown folio and foolscap folio “ Brilliant ” platen presses used by process engravers for three-color and other proofing; stereotyping machinery, Haas screens, correcting machines for stereotype plates, e'tc. The well-known firm of Karl Krause, Leipsic, was repre¬ sented by Messrs. Kampe & Co., their London agents, who had a fine show of their specialties, numbering about forty machines. These included appliances for account-book back¬ ing, back rounding, bundling presses, backing, book stitching (treadle and power), box stitching, corner cutting and slot¬ ting, corner rounding (hand and power), four-sided and three- sided cutting, self-clamp and hand-wheel guillotines, small hand-lever cutting, folding-box punching, knot stitching, thread stitching, blocking press (with revolving table), small color blocking and embossing, small power blocking, hand- lever blocking, and large color blocking and embossing presses ; millboard, card and rotary card-cutting machines ; section folding, rotary cutting and scoring (combined), small rotary bending, vertical bending, hand slotting, rotary beveling (with grinding apparatus), index cutting and many others. Messrs. Wesselhoeft & Zimmermann, of London and Not¬ tingham, who are the British agents for the German firm of typefounders and machinemakers, Messrs. Schelter & Geisecke, had an extensive range of machinery, including platen and cylinder machines, some of which were of a very ingenious and practical build. At this stand several platen guards were shown attached to the machines themselves, and intended to prevent operators’ fingers being caught between the bed and the platen when the impression takes place. One of these was the most practical thing of its kind that has yet been shown, as when the operator’s fingers came in contact with the guard, the machine immediately stopped. Most of the other guards merely knock the fingers away and in some cases do not obviate accidents. Since the last exhibition was held, the cardboard-box¬ making trade has practically arisen, consequently a number of stands showed boxmaking machinery of a highly ingenious character, a great deal of it being automatic. Needless to say, America and Germany held the first position in this class of appliances. Although hundreds of patents have been recently taken out and a good many machines have been produced for auto¬ matically feeding printing machines with paper, yet there was only one British form of this class of appliance on view, that was the “ Vickery ” perfect feeder. It was shown at work at the stand of the makers and also attached to a Cundall fold¬ ing-machine, and they seemed to work extremely well. Messrs. Cundall & Co. are noted in Britain for their folding machines ; they are found in nearly every office in the country, and are great favorites. This Vickery feeder, which they have adopted as being suitable for their folders, seems to be sim¬ plicity , itself. It consists of a circular stroker attached to a spring el.bow mechanism rotating from the center of a hori¬ zontal shaft. The action is very smooth and the feeder excited a great deal of interest among the practical visitors. One would almost have thought that composing machines to handle ordinary type were by this time out of date, and yet there were one or two of them on view at the show. The new Pulsometer composing machine created a deal of interest and was admired for its simplicity and ease of working. The Lanston Monotype was represented by twd casters and a number of keyboard machines, and a card attached to one of the casters indicated that that particular machine had been sold at the exhibition to the Cape Times, Cape Town, South Africa. The Wicks Rotary Type Casting Company made a feature of a great mass of ten-point type which was the product of ten hours’ work on a Wicks machine, and consisted of a weight of 1,300 pounds containing no less than 496,000 letters and spaces, all cast and delivered in , lines. It was a splendid object lesson that appealed to the eye and illustrated well the enormous capacity of the Wicks machine. The great aim of the Wicks Company is to produce type both good and cheap, with an endeavor to ultimately make it so very cheap that it will not pay to distribute it, but simply cast it into the melt¬ ing pot. Just now the prices range from 6d for twelve-point to is id for six-point, per pound. The Anglo-American Inventions Syndicate had several Harris automatic sheet-feeding presses running and a number of other ingenious appliances, including stereotype and electro¬ type, collotype, cutting machines, etc. Process engraving firms made an excellent display, and it would be invidious to place the work of one house higher than that of another, all being very good. Messrs. Carl Hentschel, Limited, the largest British process house, made a hit by producing an illustrated newspaper called the Half¬ tone Times, No. 1 (and only number), price, ten minutes of your time. It was excellently got up and illustrated with specimens of the firm’s half-tone and line blocks, the literary contents being written in rather a humorous style. Three-color half-tone work was pretty well represented IDYLLS OF THE COUNTRY — No. VII A SYMPATHETIC AUDIENCE THE INLAND PRINTER 545 by the various firms. The American Colortype Company, of Chicago, had a very fine exhibit in one of the galleries that attracted much attention. At the time of the last exhibition, the electric motor had not come into use as a driving force for printing machinery, but this time it occupied a very prominent position, many makers having fine displays of these modern prime movers. The manufacturing, art and fancy stationery branches of the trades were present in full force, the central position of the hall being occupied by Messrs. Raphael Tuck & Sons, who had a fine exhibit of pictorial work, Christmas, birthday and post cards. The manufacturers of appliances for business and commer¬ cial purposes, including typewriters and typewriting materi¬ als, filing cabinets, roll-top desks, and similar appliances, had also a good show of their various wares. In one of the galleries there was a loan section consisting of early printed books, engravings and lithographs, arranged in historical order, one section illustrating the rise and development of roman letter, and another that of the art of lithography. Some of these old books showed very fine work on the part of the early printers. There was a copy of Seneca’s “ Epistles,” printed at Strasburg about 1470, and a couple of excellent examples of printing from types cut by Nicholas Jenson in 1470 were shown, namely, Pliny’s “ Natural History” and John the Carthusian’s “Corona Senum.” Urichgring, the French printer, who was using roman letter in Paris as early as 1470, was represented by an edition of Lyras’ “ Commentary on the Psalms,” printed in 1483, and among the other early printed books in roman letter there was a copy of Haedus’ “ Daemons Generibus,” a quarto printed by Lisa at Treviso in 1492. Some specimens by Roycroft were also shown, and the great Bible of John Baskerville, of Birmingham, one of his best productions, excited a deal of interest. The modern printers were represented by examples from the late William Morris’ Kelmscott Press, from the Vale Press, and there was also a very fine Dove’s Press Bible that is now in process of publication. Lithography was represented by a collection of specimens dating from 1820 onward, and some of the celebrated Baxter’s colored prints, together with some of his printing blocks, were shown in one of the cases. A daily newspaper was printed during the run of the exhi¬ bition. It was called the Exhibition Chronicle, was printed at Haddon & Co.’s model office, previously referred to, and contained matter and advertisements relating to exhibition affairs. Taken all together, the exhibition was perhaps the most representative that has been held in London since the Caxton Centenary of 1877 at South Kensington. Since that date, however, printing machinery and the appliances con¬ nected therewith have been entirely revolutionized, the half-tone block and the three-color print have come into existence, as well as a number of other processes that even ten years ago were not dreamt of. There is some talk of holding a similar exhibi¬ tion next year. To do this, however, would be but to court disaster; it would simply mean a show of practically the same machines as were shown this year, and to insure success an interval of four or five years, at least, should elapse between shows of this kind. THE WAY TO SUCCEED. I wish to state that, working in a country town, one has to learn the whys and wherefores for him¬ self, and what the writer has learned of job compo¬ sition has been through hard self-instruction and a careful studying of The Inland Printer. — Roman J. Babione, Fremont, Ohio. Written for The Inland Printer. LONDON NOTES. BY A SPECIAL CORRESPONDENT. IF we are to believe British printers, the state of trade with them must be very bad indeed, but as this statement has become chronic it is not always believed. Still trade is not so good as it might be; in London, especially, complaints are rife about work being unprofitable. This, to a great extent, is caused by the very heavy rents and taxes that are charged for factory accommodation in the metropolis ; the landlords seem to be the class who pick up the lion’s share of the money made by the printer-man. This state of things is likely to lead to a greater exodus from the city to the country, and already we hear of two or three large firms that are ldoking for suitable sites on which to erect printing-offices. The troubles of London printers are increased by the way in which their provincial brethren compete with them for orders. Leeds, Manchester, Birmingham, Glasgow and Edin¬ burgh, especially the latter city, take away an immense amount of work for business houses and publishers that in the ordi¬ nary course of things could be done in London if it were not that the printer there has to obtain such immense profits to keep up his establishment. At Reading, about forty miles out, several extensive printeries have been established. Messrs. Wyman & Sons have an office that covers nearly two acres of ground, fitted up in the most complete and efficient style. Another firm, that of Messrs. Petty & Co., are also established at Reading, and they have almost monopolized the business of what is known as “ specialty printing ” — that is, they make a feature of supplying posters, circulars, catalogs, fashion styles and similar work to drapery houses, clothing and boot estab¬ lishments, and such like. They get up the styles, prepare the blocks, and the printed matter does for any district when the purchasing firm’s name is put upon it. They have travelers scouring the country for orders, and they make it a rule only to supply one customer in each town, thus the same setting up of type and the same blocks do service for hundreds of houses, when in appearance they seem to have been specially prepared for each. There are several other large printing-houses in Reading, which is a town that is becoming a great center of business, but it will shortly hav.e a rival in the new Garden City, which is now being established about forty miles north of London, in which, curious to state, the first buildings that have been erected are those of a printing-office. Among the recent introductions in printing machines is a flat-bed web printing-press, which is manufactured by Messrs. Payne & Sons, of Otley, Yorks. The machine has been designed by a gentleman named Cossar, a practical printer in Govan, a town which is practically the shipbuilding suburb of PETTY & SONS’ PRINTING WORKS, READING, ENGLAND. 4-5 546 THE INLAND PRINTER Glasgow. The machine prints from the web and is said to do its work in a very efficient manner, while it occupies but little more space than an ordinary flat-bed press. It is capable of printing newspapers of four, six, eight, ten or twelve pages. Flat-bed presses of this character, in which the paper is fed from the web over and under several rollers, generally work well enough so long as a good quality of news is being used, but when cheap makes are put on there is often considerable difficulty with “ breaks,” necessitating the stop¬ page of the machine and the reputting through of the web. Whether this fault has been overcome in the “ Cossar ” or not we are unable to say, but if so it should prove to be a use¬ ful appliance in the small newspaper office. In London, trade-unionism among printers, or rather we should say compositors, is not in a very strong condition, the non-union men being nearly as many as the union men, the latter of whom form a body called the London Society of Compositors, an organization that is entirely distinct from responsible for great divergence of views among British printers, some adhering to free trade, while others go in strongly for protection. Among the latter is the body known as the Operative Printers’ Assistants’ Society, for in their last annual report the secretary congratulated the members on the steady and continuous progress made in the mem¬ bership, and also the long-sustained good relations with employers generally. The hope is expressed that this will be permanent and conduce to the blending of the interests of masters and men, and “to the inducement of united action to promote a sensible system of fiscal legislation which will pro¬ tect the interests of the worker by creating paying channels for the investment of capital in home industry to give work at fair wages to the worker here, and prevent our money from investment in foreign industries and products to provide for¬ eign workmen with the means of living while the British workman has none to buy the ‘ big loaf ’ he hears talk of, but tastes not, because he is out of work.” THE ‘ ‘ COSSAR ’ ’ FLAT-BED WEB PRINTING-PRESS. the provincial association, which is known as the Typo¬ graphical Association, and embraces the whole of the prov¬ inces. With the London machine minders, however, the case is different, practically every man belonging to the society, although they are allowed to work in houses where the com¬ positors do not belong to any union. The machine minders of London do not like to be called such, and so the title of this association is “ The London Printing Machine Managers’ Society.” It was formed some sixty-five years ago and has at present a membership of about twenty-three hundred and fifty members, who are at work in nearly three hundred and fifty different machine-rooms. This society prides itself upon the good and amicable feeling that exists between it and the employers. Common sense and fairness seem to dominate the deliberations of its council when disputes come up for con¬ sideration, and during the past year the society had not a single occasion to take legal action on account of trade diffi¬ culties. The secretary is Mr. H. Wilson Howes, a gentleman who thoroughly understands the merits of modern machinery and who believes that the men should endeavor to get as much work out of a machine as possible, while at the same time endeavoring to maintain a high standard of excellence in their work. Mr. Chamberlain’s proposed fiscal reform measures are The use of paste on fast rotary newspaper machines has induced several manufacturers to put on the market prepara¬ tions suitable for that particular class of work. One of the main features, of course, is easy flowing from the paste duct, and this necessitates a more fluid condition of the paste than when it is used for ordinary purposes. One favorite sticker here is “ Gloy,” an adhesive material that is very largely used. Some newspaper men make their own adhesives and look upon them as better than the manufactured article, and now the latest of these pastes which has been put upon the market is called “ Fixol,” and for it the makers claim advan¬ tages over almost anything else of the same kind, while at the same time it is reasonable in price. Several grades are made and it can also be had of a consistency suitable for labeling tins and other metals, for cardboard-box manufacturers, and for bookbinders. When any improvement is introduced into the mechanics of printing, it is, as a rule, followed by a host of inventions of a similar character, and the introduction of the De Vinne- Beirstadt method of overlaying that was introduced here a few months ago has not been allowed to go long without competition. Several methods of overlaying have been put before printers, most of them mere imitations of that men¬ tioned, but now the Arthur Cox Illustrating Company, of THE INLAND PRINTER 547 Birmingham, a firm of half-tone and line-block makers, is supplying a metal overlay with its half-tone blocks. These overlays consist of a very thin sheet of zinc which has been printed on from the negative from which the block was made and then etched in the ordinary way. This metal sheet is thin enough to bend round the cylinder of the printing machine, and is then held in position by a covering of paper. The firm in question makes a specialty of three-color blocks for printers, and the overlays that are prepared for use with them are got into perfect registration on the machine by means of points and holes, somewhat after the method that was, and is now, used for pointing sheets when printing in .colors. These overlays are not long enough before the printer to enable an opinion to be formed as to their efficiency, but certainly it is very handy to get an overlay with every block, and the makers claim that it is so far ahead of the De Vinne-Beirstadt process in that it does not necessitate any special plant being kept by the printer. HE NEVER BLAMED THE BOOZE. — Exchange. WARM WEATHER COMING. A delinquent subscriber was dying and the editor dropped in to see him. “ How do you feel ? ” asked the pencil-pusher. “ All looks bright before me,” gasped the subscriber. “ I thought so,” said the editor. “ You’ll see the blaze in about ten minutes.” — Western Publisher. Workmen in every branch of the printing and allied trades Mp* BC“ &;■: A «.3SS?KSfc &USP&3& ftES? n. — M. B., I “ Kindly advise me through your columns what is the proper punctuation in the following instance: ‘Flat 15, The Majes¬ tic,’ or ‘Flat 15 The Majestic.’” Answer. — It can not be rea¬ sonably said that either way is improper. This is a case in which persons who have a choice are perfectly at liberty to use the form preferred by them, or in which one may write just as he happens to, without the trouble of choosing. The writer of this answer would probably always use the comma in writing the words ; but if he set them in type from any other person’s copy, or read the proof of a job containing them, he would follow copy. 548 THE INLAND PRINTER Authority and Reason. — In “ Rules for Compositors and Readers at the University Press, Oxford,” is a list of spell¬ ings containing the word forgo, with the following note: “In 1896 Mr. W. E. Gladstone, not being aware of this rule, wished to include in a list of errata an alteration of the spelling of the word forgo. On receipt of his direction to make the alteration I sent Mr. Gladstone a copy of Skeat’s Dictionary to show that forgo, in the sense in which he was using the word, was right; but it was only after reference to Dr. J. A. H. Murray that Mr. Gladstone wrote to me, ‘ Per¬ sonally I am inclined to prefer forego, on its merits ; but authority must carry the day. I give in.’” What Mr. Glad- instead of following the ignorant to do ill, for the sake of saving four e’s.” This is a case where Dr. Murray did not exercise his scholarly reason sufficiently. His protest rests entirely upon unscholarliness that is not shown in the spell¬ ings against which it is uttered. Analogy, etymology, and orthoepy are not violated by these spellings, for the simple reason that the soft sound of the g is made absolutely neces¬ sary by the presence of d before it. Were this d not used — as, indeed, it was not originally in English, and is not in other languages — no one ever would have dropped the follow¬ ing vowel ; but with the introduction of the added consonant all need of that vowel ceased. The words actually are often A SUMMER VACATION. Engraved by Barnes-Crosby Company. stone yielded to in this instance was the insistence of the men opposed to him. This is plainly shown by his expression of preference, even after the expression of authoritative opinion. He was as well qualified as any of the others to be accepted as authority on the question in hand, but Skeat and Murray were specialists in philology and Gladstone only an amateur. Of course all authority in such matters is based on reason, but in each instance its foundation is the reasoning of an individual. Shall any and every opinion or decision of any person be taken as absolutely final, because he has shown him¬ self worthy of acceptance as an authority? Dr. James A. H. Murray undoubtedly is a great philological scholar, and everything he says is entitled to serious consideration ; but it does not follow that he is infallible. Some of his opinions will not stand at all in the light of general reason. He pro¬ tested as follows against a form of spelling which is now almost universal, and might well be absolutely so : “I pro¬ test against the unscholarly habit of omitting it [ e ] from abridgement, acknowledgement, judgement, lodgement, which is against all analogy, etymology, and orthoepy, since else¬ where g is hard in English when not followed by e or i. I think the University Press ought to set a scholarly example, spelled as Dr. Murray prefers them, but his reason for such spelling is far more unscholarly than is the practice against which he protests. Any determination on insufficient grounds is not entitled to absolute credence, even when it is made by the highest authority. This is not a mere personal opinion, nor is it a new one. It is part of a philosophy as old at least as the ninth century, and often repeated, in more general application, of course, but none the .less applicable here. The philosopher Johannes Scotus Erigena (we are told in an encyclopedia) thus revolted against authoritarianism: “ Authority originates in reason, not reason in authority. All authority which is not confirmed by true reason seems to be weak,” but reason “ does not need to be corroborated by the seal of any a'uthority.” Sir Thomas Browne expressed his opinion of unreasonable acceptance of authority as follows : “ The mortalest enemy unto knowledge, and that which hath done the greatest execution upon truth, hath been a peremp¬ tory adhesion unto authority.” Authority is an indispensable guide, but should not be an absolute master. “Whom” and “Who.” — The New York Times recently printed the following letter on these words : “ As some one recently pointed out, there is a vast difference between the THE INLAND PRINTER 549 blunders of carelessness and those of ignorance. If one uses such a sentence as ‘ Who are you guarding? ’ it may not mean that one knows no better; but to speak — worse still, to write — such English as * whom she knew was going,’ is to proclaim a lack of information regarding the commonest law of our grammar. Yet how often of late one sees ‘whom’ employed as the subject of a verb. Bret Harte said ‘whom we supposed was with you,’ and ‘ whom everybody knew had been the cause.’ ” Four other writers are represented by similar quotations, besides magazine articles without the writers’ names. It is a fact, as stated, that this is a violation of a common law of grammar, but we may doubt whether those accused in the letter of making the error in writing were the actual blunderers. There is at least a possibility in each instance that a proofreader “ corrected ” the grammar. Proofreaders are not lacking who would make such “ correc¬ tions.” Mr. Horace Hart, printer to the University of Oxford, tells this story in his book of rules for compositors and readers: “The author [of “Lorna Doone”] desired to say in the preface, ‘The writer neither dares nor desires to claim for it the dignity or cumber it with the difficulty of an his¬ torical novel.’ The printer’s reader inserted a letter n before the or; the author deleted the n, and thought he had got rid of it; but at the last moment the press reader inserted it again; and the word was printed as nor, to the exasperation of the author, who did not mince his words when he found out what had happened.” Of course these proofreaders did something that no proofreader ever should do. It is right for them to correct actual errors in grammar, but not to make errors. A Fine School Paper. — A friend has sent us a copy of the New Jersey School Emblem, published monthly at New Egypt, N. J. He writes: “I inclose a specimen of the printer’s art which was handed me by the principal of our school. I think it is worthy of a notice in jmur valuable journal.” It is eminently worthy of notice as the worst speci¬ men of serious business printing ever known. Presumably the copy in hand is a fair sample of its average quality, and one can not help wondering how people can be induced to pay money for it. Here is a paragraph literally reproduced : “ The sudject of teachsrs’ pension ought to be taken up for thorough discussion by a commistee representing as nearly as possible all sections of the country Something is wrong when one after another, tecchers who have given their best years to the educational wotk are retired without provision for their decliniug yeass. The question touches most directly of the rank and file whose pay is just adequate ior their own and thr support of those dependent on them.” Besides the errors shown here a number of the letters were upside down (turned). Typographical errors are as frequent in every item, and none of the matter is valuable even if correctly printed. But the special item most interesting to us is two “ lessons ” on proofreading ! Here they are in full, without the errors: “Define a noun — adjective — pronoun — adverb — verb — conjunction — preposition. When do prepositions become adverbs? What are the two great classes of con¬ junctions? Write a ioo-word composition on ‘Our Fore¬ fathers,’ also ‘ Myths.’ Write a correct synopsis of a compo¬ sition on ‘Printing.’ What is the office of a proofreader? Write 200 words on ‘Etiquette.’ What is ‘agate’ or ‘long- primer’ type? Cut from a newspaper a line in ‘brevier’ type. What is meant by ‘composing’ in a printing office? Write a 500-word composition on ‘ Extravagance,’ also ‘Affectation.’ Define interjection — comma — exclamation and interrogation points — change of structure — change of per¬ son — synonyms — copiousness and emphasis. Write a ioo- word composition on ‘ A trip to the moon.’ Illustrate the use of capitals — colons — semicolons — periods. What is meant by a ‘stick’ of type? What are slugs — leads — rules — dashes — carets — quoins? What are quotation marks? What are spaces — side sticks — shooting sticks, Clip a poem, change it to prose. What is meant by ‘ pi ’ in printing? ” Our friend has written under the last question, “ This paper ! ” And he is right. A better answer would be hard to find. But what possesses any one to ask such questions with refer¬ ence to proofreading? Writing compositions and reciting grammar never will make a proofreader. Yet this trash probably is a reprint of the questions from some correspond¬ ence course of lessons, and it is typical of the stuff with which gullible aspirants are swindled. THE STORY OF AN IDIOM. In every period are to be found persons who can never be sincerely happy unless they can parse every word of every expression they use. To their eyes had better do presents insuperable difficulties. It matters nothing that they con¬ stantly come across it, or locutions like it, in the writings of great authors — never so often, indeed, as of late years. This fact satisfies the ordinary man ; it does not satisfy them. Before they are willing to accept authority for any idiom, it must be reconciled to their reason — or what they choose to call their reason. If in this they fail, they are ready to sacri¬ fice sense to any method of expression which they fancy to be consistent with grammar. Hence has originated the sub¬ stitution of would better for had better. Would better is forced to have a sense imposed upon it in order to mean anything at all. The use of it is so distinctly repugnant to our idiom, not to call it absolutely improper, that, when met with, it is apt to provoke a cry of pain from him who has been nurtured upon the great Classics of our literature. It can not be stated positively where and when would better came first to be employed ; but the vogue it has now, such as it is, it owes largely to the influence and example of Walter Savage Landor. We may entertain what view we choose of that author’s style; but there can hardly be two opinions, among those who have studied the subject, as to the value of his pronouncements upon points of usage. In his observations upon language no man of equal abilities ever surpassed him in the combination of limited knowledge of the facts with unlimited wrong-headedness in drawing conclusions from them. — Harper’s Magazine. MARRIED BY AN ERROR. Albert Sonnichsen, author of “Deep Sea Vagabonds,” was recently put in a very uncomfortable situation by a typo¬ graphical error in an article about him printed widely in the Western papers. Among other things the interviewer said that he found Mr. Sonnichsen “ smoking fat cigars which his Filipino wife had taught him to love.” Mr. Sonnichsen’s friends believed him a bachelor, and this was astonishing- news. Mr. Sonnichsen’s father wrote regretting that his son had not confided in him, and the author of “Deep Sea Vaga¬ bonds” spends hours each day now explaining that he is not married and that the author of the article wrote “ Filipino life ” instead of “ Filipino wife.” DIDN’T SAY SO. Alderman Slugg — See ’ere, you said in yer paper dat I wuz a liar, hey? Editor The Feeble Cry — Oh, no, sir! Read the article carefully and you’ll see I said that liar was no name for you, sir. — Chicago News. A LOVER OF THE BEAUTIFUL. I enjoy reading The Inland Printer very much and read all the ads. because I am “a lover of the beautiful.” — H. M. Brantley, Pocahontas, Arkansas. 550 THE INLAND PRINTER designs for job cora- l^sii -gsi “ lSilS#Ir£“— = posed in a very simple, plain fashion without any of the devices that may legitimately be used in some forms of ad. composition. Such an arrangement should easily be within the capacity of the small country office to assemble. In Fig. i the attempt to be catchy does not render the card an exhibit either of good display or good taste. Perhaps the limitations of the office imposed on the compositor type conditions that prevented the best expression of his taste in typography. The use of seven or eight different faces would indicate either an incompleteness in type series that prevented the uni¬ form composition in one face, or a lingering regard for the style of display prevalent a dozen or more years ago. The first cause would remove the stigma of poor taste from the compositor, as the appearance of the work is governed partly by the supply of material at his command, but the second one is a departure from present standards of taste, which require as a first principle type harmony or, in other words, the use of one series, or, at the most, of two faces that combine har¬ moniously. If the compositor will always work with this idea of type harmony in view, so far as his material will allow, the product of his labor will give more satisfaction both to himself and to all others interested, because the resultant simplicity and harmony so attained are the ground¬ work of that natural good taste that is always, even uncon¬ sciously, appreciated. Returning to the card, besides the error of using three faces for the matter shown in the panel, smaller faults in the way of spacing and arrangement are apparent. The names are crowded, and by removing the word-ornament on the left and leading the column of names a double improvement would have been effected. Underscores are useful for emphasis, but they lose their value when lines are consecutively underscored. The dash should have been omitted and distinction given the lines by white space between them. The resetting (Fig. 6) shows this matter reduced to the simplest terms of type selection and arrangement, easily within the power of the small office to assemble and yet entirely suitable as a financial business-card. The advertisement is c of display printing. The a greater freedom in opportunity for the eresting branches s is, perhaps, that mitted, affording individual ideas and taste that always give an added zest to any kind of work. In stationery printing, and to a lesser degree in title- pages, the work is constrained and governed by conventional styles that time and usage have marked as rules of good taste. rcumscribed by any rules apart : typography, and is a field of riginality may find expres¬ sion to the fullest degree. . At the same time much adver¬ tising typography is composed in a manner that shows a com¬ plete disregard for many of the general laws of display work. One of the chief faults is the assembling of many conflicting type-faces in the same ad. Type conditions are sometimes responsible for this, especially in small offices, where the cus¬ tom of only buying occasional single fonts and always new faces, in the mistaken notion of being up to date, results in the accumulation of a large number of faces but only a few sizes of each and in small fonts. In such an office it is THE INLAND PRINTER 551 Inswporated A. D. 1852 Total Assets, 12,717,214.49 A Fire Insurance Policy in the MILWAUKEE MECHANICS’ INSURANCE COMPANY insures you absolute protection , giving you one of the best policies in the tv or Id. We believe we can convince you by personal interview that it will be to your advantage to have your fire insurance policy in our company. : : : HARRY FOX, Manager, 159 LaSalle St., Chicago Residence, 216 So. Madison Ave., LaGrange PHONE MO. 1123 MARY E. LYMAN, Agent, So. Stone Ave. (Opposite Stone Avenue Depot.) PHOHE U@o 34 Fig. 3. impossible to assemble an ad. in any suitable style for this reason, and the disability will continue so long as printers will not recognize the fact that their composing-rooms should be supplied with complete series of a few of the standard faces in large quantities, that should be replenished when necessary, instead of the accession of new faces of doubtful utility and in small fonts. The insistent use of a few series of the standard faces will give a distinction to the work that the conglomerate style of display composition never can give. Advertisements set throughout in old-style make a very pleasing and harmonious appearance, and, although it is not necessary to confine the display to a single face even in a single advertisement, it would be in the very best taste so to do and in direct opposition to that style in which fifty-seven varieties of type faces are shown in half a dozen pages of advertising matter. The display obtained by using half a dozen contrasting type-faces is very feeble compared with the distinction that one large line will confer on an ad. page. Another deterrent from the best display sometimes is the instructions in regard to the composition, often very explicit, with exact instructions as to type and sizes for every line. The advertiser is not always a specialist in advertising and his instructions will often indicate that several statements must be displayed, a common error that militates against the effectiveness of the ad. A man with one club can use it more effectively than if he carried an armful, and the ad. with one thought displayed will attract attention to itself more quickly than if three or four suggestions are offered to the eye at the same time. From the adverse conditions of inadequate or unsuitable material and improper instructions the compositor has no recourse. But when type conditions are right and the copy is free from instructions beyond the suggestive layout, an opportunity .is given for attractive display unhampered by the conventions governing other forms of display. An ad. is shown (Fig, 3) that lacks the feature that a dominating line will give. The desire to display three or four lines has defeated the purpose for which the ad. was printed — to attract. When more than one statement apparently requires display it is best to feature one only. As the ad. must first attract before it will be read, it is better to insure that result by the single emphasis of some word or line than risk the chance of it being unnoticed or overlooked on account of ineffectual display caused by many conflicting type-lines. Singleness of display is very much like singleness of pur¬ pose — it is more apt to accomplish things. As reset (Fig. 4), the name of the company has been featured, which, together with its assurance regarding protection, constitutes the display. The name, however, is large enough to prevent confliction with the following lines. All advertising strives to teach the public the association between names and things, so that when they wish to buy things, whether fire insurance or breakfast food, they will remember and connect a certain name with the thing they wish to buy. Therefore, the name of the company is the logical phrase for display. Of course, good spacing, balance and the appreciation and use of white space enter into the composition of this class of work and are important factors toward the attainment of attractiveness by eliminating the crudities that would detract from the display. Another ad. is shown (Fig. 5) in which conflicting display AW insurance policy m the Milwaukee Mechanics’ I giving you one of flie nsurance impolicies in a,e world f. We believe we can con- U O m p a n y Vince you by personal Insures you y°- advantage to have your fire .nsurance AbSOlUte P°l^y i" °ur company T« , “ Incorporated A.D. 1852 rrotection Assets. §2.7.17,214.49 HARRY FOX, Manager 159 LaSalle Street. Chicago. Telephone 1123 MARY E. LYMAN. Agent South Stone Avenue. Telephone 34 552 THE INLAND PRINTER makes an ineffective ad. When two or three lines are given equal strength they will inevitably conflict unless some asso¬ ciation is apparent between them. The lines shown do not qualify in this regard, and one must read between the lines in order to perceive the connection. We are inclined to think this ad. was set according to specific instructions. The desire, perhaps, was catchiness, but as the thing advertised is attract¬ ive on its own account it might be best to dispense with stiff in appearance, and caps, and small caps, may be used to relieve this effect. The form as reset in Fig. 8 shows how the advertising line can be made more valuable by con¬ trast. The use of a heavier face and the surrounding rule have brought about this desirable effect. The printing on a letter-head may be considered all advertising, with the excep¬ tion of the date-line, but a bill-head is one of many printed forms used for expediting business, and any matter that does We Can’t Spread Hoyal Luncheon Cheese on paper. It’s made to spread on bread and crackers, j j. Bvit We C@>.n Spread * on paper, however, the fact that you can buy it at the f Union Dairy Co.’s Church St. Store, * for 10c, 15c and 25c, all depending on 8 the size of the jar. We can’t spread ROYAL LUNCHEON CHEESE on paper — it’s made to spread on bread and crackers. But we can spread on paper, however, the fact that you can buy it for 10c, 15c and 25c, all depending on the size of the jar, at the UNION DAIRY COMPANY’S CHURCH STREET STORE artificial aids for its publicity and let it stand by its own strength alone. By thus getting rid of the unnecessary and harmful display we advertise the article to the best possible advantage and associate it more forcibly with the place where it can be procured. This is another example of the effective¬ ness of single display (Fig. 6). Legibility and strength are potent factors in advertising, but most important is the direct appeal that the single displayed line will give. Every added display line will bring the ad. down in the scale of effective¬ ness. The bill-head is a useful rather than ornamental form of printed stationery, and al¬ though frequently the medium of advertising, its chief mis¬ sion is strictly utilitarian. In Fig. 7 is shown a bill-head rather ungracefully arranged. Beside the business form is a line of advertising that has not the proper type treat¬ ment that will distinguish it from the rest of the printing. We refer to the “KraKajaK Sox” line. The entire job is set in a heavy style that affords no opportunity for con¬ trast. The words “ Bought of ” are arranged in an unneces¬ sarily perverse way. Display lines set all in capitals are not pertain to or qualify the business form is advertising and should be treated as such by some arrangement that will make it most effective. It is contended that, as the recipient of a bill is naturally a customer, advertising on the bill-head is unnecessary and that the firm name is the only important dis¬ play line. But advertising may properly be a feature on such forms, though it should as much as possible be kept apart from the business. A card is shown (Fig. 9) that conforms only in part to the proper style that such printing demands. The type selec¬ tion is right, but the display is a little indefinite. The name of the bank does not stand out as it should, and the name of its predecessor is brought into unnecessary competition with it. The asso¬ ciation of the two names may be desirable, but the old bank is not being advertised and the connection should have been in a small explanatory line. The card is a simple problem in display and presents an opportunity for the use of emphasis in its most effective form. This matter of effectiveness rests on the fact that only one thing need be displayed and consequently receives all the attention. Addi- M 5SSS2of MADISON VI LLE KNITTING MILLS, KraKajaK capital°stock°S2s,ooo. SOX. Fig. 7. Madisonville, Tenn.. bou^o, Madisonville Knitting Mills | KraKajaK Sox | Examples of Jobwork by Students of Inland Printer Technical School This little booklet con¬ tains just a few of the hundreds of styles of our celebrated MURRAY VEHICLES HARNESS SADDLES If you are interested write us for our large illustrated catalogue — it is free for the asking. Wilber H. Murray Mfg. Co. 323-5-7-9 East Fifth Street Cincinnati, Ohio WHOLESALE PRICE LIST Ti)c jfranMtn See Cream anti Batrp Company MANUFACTURERS OF ICE CREAMS FROZEN PUDDINGS FRAPPE AND ICES OFFICE AND FACTORY: 133 SOUTH 12th STREET LINCOLN, NEB. TELEPHONE, 205 in z o in ° *0 I £ > o < d H 21 0 8 0. SQ < jt a. u _8 s RECITAL UNDER DIRECTION OF MR. AND MRS. FRANK V. KENT PROGRAMME 2 Etude Op. 24, No. 1 4 Magic Fire Scene from De Walkure - Wagner 5 ‘‘Dolly’s Slumber Song” MISS SEAVEY 6 Five Spanish Dances, Op. 12 - Moszkowski 7 Cradle Song — ‘‘Sleep on Dear Child” Claudine H. Couldrey MRS. WHITE program Ladies’ Chorus— Danube Waltzes Strauss Soprano— “Sing, Smile, Slumber” - ■ Gounod Baritone— “Home, Dearie, Home” 1. W. KENAGY Malloy Piano— “The Flatterer” EVA FULLER Chaminadt Tenor— “Ave Maria” F. W. FARMER Mascagni Soprano— “Doris” GERTRUDE MEAD Nevin Male Quartet— “A Stream of Silver Moonshine” Giebel THE WESLEYANS Clrt**1 annual £Dpen Reeling MUglepan &matrur Musical feocictp ©ntoensitp dljapel JFrtDap ffibenincs $0ap 25, 1900 ®tebt o’clock MICHIGAN SUMMER RESORTS A BOOKLET OF INFORMATION CONCERNING THE BEAUTIES ATTRACTIONS & PRACTICAL THINGS OF LIFE AT THE NORTHERN MICHIGAN SUMMERING PLACES ISSUED BY THE PASSENGER DEPARTMENT PERE MARQUETTE RAILROAD H. F. MOELLER, G. P. A., DETROIT, MICHIGAN CJje Cectlta ^octetp Spmpljnnp $all ADMIT ONE TO CONCERT OF DOORS CLOSED AT EIGHT O’CLOCK UNTIL AFTER THE FIRST NUMBER ENTERTAINMENT Under auspices of Parkin Chapter, Epworth League FRIDAY EVENING, FEBRUARY 20 AT THE CENTRAL M. E. CHURCH AT 8 O’CLOCK PRICE, 25 CENTS BASKET BALL LINCOLN HIGH SCHOOL Thursday UNIVERSITY OF NEBRASKA March 28 SECOND TEAM 7:30 p. m. GORTON ZETA THETA PHI CORDIALLY INVITE YOU TO ATTEND A Dancing Party COMSTOCK OPERA HOUSE BOON VI LLE, N. Y. December twenty-six. Nineteen Two GENTLEMEN $1.00 SONG AND PIANO RECITAL Mrs. Dyas-Standish Miss Cornelia Dyas GRASS MOUNT, AUGUST TWELVE Admission $1.00 Eight o’clock ESTABLISHED 1806 Wm.& Harvey Rowland INCORPORATED Philadelphia, Pa. Manufacturers of Fine Carriage Springs Diploma and Medal Awarded: Philadelphia, 1876 Chicago, 1893 THE INLAND PRINTER 553 tional display lines diminish the effect of the first or main one. The question of display on a business card does not pre¬ sent the complexities or difficulties that may be met in the composition of an advertisement. Tasteful arrangement and the emphasis that one line of display will give is sufficient. The card does not come into competition with others, as does the advertisement, and the necessity for complex display is wanting. One series of type is sufficient and in the best taste for such work, although one or two lines of a contrasting face may be used if expedient. In Fig. n is shown a resetting along the lines suggested. In the separation of the different statements white space is just as effective as rule dashes, for when many of the latter are used they become monotonous. . The type ornament shown after the words “ successors to the ” in Fig. 9 has no significance or ornamental value and should not have been used. By scattering the words and phrases of a display page and dividing it into a number of panels that have no shape relation to each other a result is obtained that departs from the unity and coherency of design which should govern all typographic arrangement. In some degree Fig. 10 does not show the feeling for unity mentioned above. The desire for mere technical ingenuity is chiefly responsible for work of this kind and causes a false standard of excellence among Jfirst BanH of ^aplorti GAYLORD, MINN. «uccf0»or0 to tbf TBanft of ®ajIorB, gJBinn Fig. 11. printers based on this mechanical facility, and bears the same relation to right type display that the contortions of a gym¬ nast do to the graceful evolutions of a dancer. The page is a plain statement of fact and the consideration of display need not be a factor in its composition. The attempt to give dis¬ tinction to every page by spotting the page with words is a fault, as all the words contribute to. a single announcement of time and place and the most natural manner of arrangement would have been a single cluster, as shown in Fig. 12, or not more than two divisions — the title above and the rest of the announcement below, with some white space between fllnthrrson Countp Cradicis’ Ilnstitutc Co be belli in Digb School TBuiltung; at T?iggstiillc, ailinois. CbursDap anO JFriBap, JFcbruarp 4 anO 5, 1904 554 THE INLAND PRINTER them. The fitness of things enters into typography as it does in all other things, and educational printing requires plain type and simple arrangement. The type selection of Fig. io is suitable, but the arrangement is not appropriate for the subject. Such paneling would be acceptable on advertising printing, where the element of catchiness is required, but neither necessity nor good taste require it as shown. In coun¬ try offices, where the opportunity for work of this kind is only occasional, we admit that it would require considerable self- sacrifice on the part of the compositor to keep such a form down to the lowest terms of simplicity and good taste, and also that the arrangement of Fig. io may have met with the entire approval of every one interested in its production. But that does not alter the fact that it is a variant from right typography. Jobwork is still suffering from false standards of taste from which bookwork is to a large degree free. The reason, perhaps, is that bookwork is the older and jobwork is still passing through the transitional stage, an assertion that may be borne out by the marked improvement shown in the last twenty years. A letter-head is shown (Fig. 13) whose arrangement is rather wasteful of room unless the panel was an afterthought and added as a reprinting. The date-line is part of the letter, preferable either to use a fatter letter or let the line go short. We may be wrong in criticizing this heading, as it may be the individuality of the customer himself which has impressed itself on the printing. THE DIFFERENCE. The hens are in the garden, It makes me smile with glee. It’s Johnson’s garden they are in And the hens belong to me. — New York Sun. AN INSPIRATION. Every issue of The Inland Printer is an inspiration for me that leads me on to achieve the highest standard of excel¬ lence in printing. — F. M. Jones, Silver City, New Mexico. Contributions of practical value are solicited for this depart¬ ment. Remittances will be made for acceptable articles on receipt of manuscript. Address, The Inland Printer Company, Chicago. THE PRINTER’S CABINET. Every modern. type cabinet is fitted with a copy drawer, but it is seldom used for this purpose. It is suggested that rather than occupy such valuable space with cumbrous electrotypes and live jobs, as is frequently the case in many job-printing offices, it would be more economical to utilize it for the larger sizes of type that the cabinet contains, from the thirty-six- point size up. In the medium and smaller cabinets the boxes are not sufficiently commodious to accommodate the larger sizes. The incessant use of the cases — the consequent con¬ stant jarring — soon proves disastrous to kerns and hair¬ lines, should these be present. Even in the larger-sized cabi¬ nets there is great economy of case room in the putting of these larger sizes in the copy drawer. The manner of fitting the drawer for this purpose is essentially the same as that of the wood-type case. Securely tack strips of twelve-point reglet at a sufficient distance apart to hold the type snugly in an upright position. The cap. and lower-case a’s should be placed together and ' this principle followed throughout the alphabet. The setting and distribution are thus rendered more easy, and this is not harder of accomplishment than if the type were in a case. The economy of case room by the adoption of this method should appeal to all proprietors whose offices are equipped with cabinets. If the makers of type cabinets would fit up the copy drawer so that it could be used for these purposes, and have the strips interchange¬ able, as in the wood-type case, the assertion is ventured that it would prove a boon to printerdom generally. Some prefer to use the wood-type cases for this purpose, but this method is better in that it keeps the series of type all together in one cabinet, and this is desirable. As the larger sizes of type contained in one cabinet some¬ times do not require the whole copy drawer to accommodate them, the extra room can be utilized for strips of rule and packages of leads and slugs that are essential to and kept in stock by every well-appointed job-printing office. All cabinets should be cleansed of dust and battered let¬ ters that have been put there by careless workmen, at least once a year. Nearly every job-office has its slack season during which such work should be done. Few cabinets are absolutely dustproof, but the accumulation seldom seems to be sufficient to cause “ uneasiness ” on the part of the average foreman or proprietor. If the cases and the galley top are occasionally dusted with a feather duster, this will tend to keep the former entirely free from dust and keep this valu¬ able piece of printing-office furniture in first-class condition and make it ornamental as well as useful. F. F. Turner. THE “ DEAD ” BANK. There are many job-offices in which the reprehensible prac¬ tice is still in vogue of wetting job type before distribution, consequently much valuable wood furniture and reglet is destroyed by warping, and the usefulness of the “ dead ” bank seriously impaired. The wetting of job type is merely a habit that serves no purpose, and one that can be easily over¬ come with a little practice, but the wetting of body type will probably ever remain, as it is thus rendered much easier of distribution. The proper way would be to sort out all body matter from jobs or ads. and place it on a brass galley for Jllf. Geo. Jackson. Electrical works: 355 George Street, Brisbane, _ 190 Fig. 13 not of the printed advertisement — which a letter-head really is- — -and should be below all printing. The arrangement is indefinite and takes up unnecessary room. A more economical and orderly arrangement is shown by Fig. 14. It is unwise to use a condensed letter for a display line and then space it abnormally in order to fill a certain measure. It would be Alf. Geo. Jackson ELECTRICAL WORKS 355 GEORGE STREET """" c'”k‘ Telephone i84 Brisbane . . . 11 Fig. 14. THE INLAND PRINTER 555 distribution, but these are generally at a premium, and for this reason it is placed upon and distributed from the “ dead ” bank. In order to eliminate, in a measure, the destructive¬ ness to it that follows the use of water it is suggested that the bank be oiled occasionally. To varnish it would be better if sufficient time can be allowed for it to thoroughly dry. Both are good preservatives, and tend to keep water from warping it, and at the same time it is more easily kept free from dust. Its appearance is also greatly enhanced thereby. The distributer in many job-printing offices has charge of the “ dead ” bank, and his value is increased and his services the more appreciated if he is neat and takes pride in keeping the bank clean, in good condition and free from pied type. In many job-offices the bank is sorely neglected. There is probably nothing in the job-office that makes for cleanliness and good appearance more than the proper banking and dis¬ posal of “ dead ” type. F. F. Turner. BRASS JOB GALLEYS AND OTHER TOOLS. To have and to hold a good job galley that he can call his own while he holds his position is the pride of many good job compositors, and many employers would be rewarded if they would gratify the wishes of their jobbers in this respect. In these days, when much panelwork is done, it is provoking in the extreme to be compelled to use a galley that is not square at the corners. The use of metal corner quads for panelwork is highly recommended. They insure better justi¬ fication, better tie-up and better lock-up. If there were always an abundance of these, the crying need for a good brass job galley would not be so urgent. It would seem that no matter how many job galleys an office may own there is always need for more. If you have a first-class jobber in your employ who loves his work and is appreciative of pleasant surroundings and kind treatment, present him with a good job galley, two sticks — one a point stick for general work, the other of the clamp or screw variety for panelwork — and a ball of cord for his exclusive use. Give him a frame where there is abundant light, in an alley that is clean, where the rule cases and frames or cabinets containing the best type are handy. For this, to a good artisan, is an incentive to greater effort. More and better work from him is the natural result and herein is your reward. F. F. Turner. THE IMPORTANCE OF TAKING A PROOF OF NEW TYPE FONTS BEFORE LAYING. Although we are admonished by the typefounders to take a proof of new fonts of type before laying or forfeit claims to shortage, it seems that few printers heed the “ ultimatum.” We are too prone to accept the typefounders’ statement that the system of putting up is most complete and the possibility of shortage is consequently reduced to a minimum until we find that, in a text-letter for instance, the font is devoid of lower-case n’s, u’s having (no doubt erroneously) been sent instead. Again, we have found only one character & where three at least are essential, $ marks having been sub¬ stituted. But since we have untied the font and are engaged in laying it without first proving, we can not claim shortage and must suffer the consequences. Doubtless many printers have suffered, as we have, because of superfluous diphthong se’s and oe’s while the more used characters were sadly lacking. F. F. Turner. SPELLING OF FOREIGN NAMES. The readers of war news from the Far East, perplexed at the names of the various localities occupied by the Japanese and Russian military forces, are doubtless unaware that these names are transliterated from their native sources according to a system adopted by most of the European nations, as well as by Canada* and the United States. In this country ques¬ tions of spelling are settled by the United States Board on Geographic Names, and the rules that they have adopted provide that the vowels shall have the same sounds as are given to the vowels of the languages of southern Europe. Thus u is used for the sound oo in boot, and as a result the common form is Manchuria in preference to Manchooria, Chefu for Chefoo, Amur for Amoor, etc. The sound of i in ice is represented by ai, ow in how by au, while a modification of this latter sound, such as is encountered in Mindanao and Nanao, by a o. The ei of Beirut is the' sound of the two Italian vowels, but is often modified by slurring, so that it closely resembles the ey in the English word they. As regards the consonants there is a similar set of rules. The hard c must be represented by k, and hence Korea is preferable to Corea, while ch is soft, as in the English word church. The f sound is represented by that letter and not by ph, g stands for the hard sound, h is always pronounced, and j and k 'enjoy the same sounds as in English. For the guttural sounds, which occur frequently in Oriental languages, kh and gh are used, while ng is used in different words for different sounds, such as in finger, where there are two sounds, and in singer, where there is but one. The sound corresponding to the English qu is not represented by q, but by kw, as in Kwangtung, while y is always a consonant as in English yard. — Harper’s Weekly. SUFFICIENT CAUSE. Ex-Editor — What made the publisher get cold feet ? Ex-Business Manager — Poor circulation. Designed and executed by Alfred P. Fluhr, apprentice in bookroom of the M. B. Brown Company, New York city. • 556 THE INLAND PRINTER Workmen in every branch of the printing and allied trades are requested to file their names, addresses and qualifications on THE INLAND PRINTER’S list of available employes. Reg¬ istration fee, $1. Name remains on list and is sent to all inquirers for three months; privilege of renewal without further charge. Employers are invited to call upon us for competent help for any department. List furnished free. Spec¬ ification blanks on request. Enclose stamp when inquiring for list of available employes. Address, The Inland Printer Company. Chicago. The following list of books is given for the convenience Orders may be sent to The Inland Printer Company. Phototrichromatic Printing. — See Process Engraving. Presswork.— By William J. Kelly. A manual of ing-pressmen and pressroom apprentice $1.50. Har -By Jot F. Ear al of practice for print- mlarged edition. Cloth, ithor of “ The Color A book of gre __ . _ _ , _ _ colored stock. Cloth, $3.50. The Theory of Overlays.— By C. H. Cochrane. A practical treat- nethod of making ready half-tone cuts and forms of any kind for cylinder Overlay Knife.— Flexible, v to divide a thin sheet of paper _ of handle, which can be cut away as knife Practical Guide to Embossing. — By James P. Burbank. Contains instructions for embossing by the various methods applicable to ordinary Revised editi with a keen edge, enabling the opera ery delicately. Blade runs full len; Wh: t hitherto accessible. icolor Chart contains seventy-tlu ious colors, shades and qualities, on -black, yellow, red, blue, < $1. of :nd brown — colors Quantity of Ink. — N. P. Company, of Lincoln, Nebraska, has sent a large sheet showing pages which require more than the ordinary quantity of black ink, and writes as follows : “ We are enclosing you herewith a sheet of catalog. We are figuring on running this job this fall, and wish you would give us an estimate as to the amount of ink which it should require to every one thousand impressions.” Answer. — If the press fountain is set close to actual quantity required to produce solid color and not offset, by reason of carrying too much color, five and a half pounds of a fairly quick-drying black, costing about 25 cents a pound, would be ample for each one thousand impressions. It would not require more. An Ink Eradicator. — H. H. S., of Trenton, New Jersey, writes ; “ Will you kindly tell me as to whether you know of an ink eradicator that will remove indelible ink without destroying the fibers of the paper? ” Answer. — In the absence of a sample of the paper to be treated, we hesitate to make a suggestion. Stale baker’s bread, dipped into alum water and tnen permitted to dry and afterward reduced to flour, may be found advantageous. The flour should be carefully rubbed over the inked spots several times and dusted off as often as used. When the ink begins to disappear, again place a portion of the flour over the ink, then over it spread a piece of clean, white linen and work a fairly hot smoothing-iron over both several times; after that the ink should become absorbed. I double-roll the form it works all right; but as it is a long run I do not want to do that. Please let me know what to use for a packing in cutting with a steel rule. I have been using a copper plate, but it takes the edge off and makes it look ragged.” Answer. — The three marks alluded to are caused by the form rollers in their course across the form, the last roller particularly. Much of the defect could be remedied by a stronger overlay on the solids of the half-tone, also by the use of roller rests in the form, and particularly by the use of one form roller of different diameter to the other rollers — a slightly larger roller being best. Copper or brass packing is about the best for clean and sharp cutting on printing-presses, although sheet gutta-percha is used for the same purpose. Adjust the press so that it will just cut through the sheet — the same as when printing a very light form — and the knife- surface of the steel rule will not be dulled to any perceptible degree on fairly long runs. When it becomes dulled, take rule out and face it up again on an oil stone. Ink Streak Over a Cut. — B. P. Company, of Randolph, Vermont, says : “ We send herewith a sheet of half-tones. You will notice a streak on one edge of the Adams portrait cut. We thought the space between the two bottom cuts might be the cause and put the form in diagonally, but the streak did not disappear, being from a hair-line to one-fourth inch wide. We printed the cuts on a new Universal press. Had nearly new rollers and used roller guards. The form was solid and the cuts could not rock. We have printed many forms of half-tone cuts, but this is the first time we ever had this experience. Can you tell us. the cause? We have taken The Inland Printer many years, get much help from it and do not see how we could get along without it.” Answer. — We suggest that you read over the remarks made for the benefit of A. M. B., of Des Moines, particularly wherein we advise the use of a larger diameter form roller, which may be placed between the top and bottom rollers or at the bottom, as that performs the finishing covering of ink. We can not under¬ stand how the streak on the right side of the Adams cut could appear the same when the form was placed diagonally in the press, because the continuity of ink streak would be broken by reason of the cut coming in contact with the form rollers at a different angle. The make-ready of the three cuts on the sheet sent is not clean, nor is the ink good, nor the color laid on even, the edges of the Dewey cut being very bad in this respect. If you will examine one of your printed sheets, you will find that the impression on the back of the Adams cut is out of all proportion to the other two cuts. This should not be. This cut particularly should have been made ready from the face, instead of being punched up from under. This, too, has helped to produce streak. All the cuts should have been made ready by cut-out overlays instead of by flat impression, from which there is no practical relief other than that found on the engraved plates. Notice how defectively the ink is laid on in the printing of the really nice half-tone of Admiral Dewey. You find fault with the streak on the background of the Adams picture when such flagrant defects appear in the presswork of the three portraits. The Adams cut appears to be about two or three sheets higher than the others. Had a two-sheet overlay been made for this plate, the overlay cover¬ ing the entire solid background, the effect would have been much enhanced in the printing as well as from an artistic standpoint. Streaks Across Half-tone Cut. — A. M. B., of Des Moines, Iowa, has sent a copy of a small certificate with a cut printed in terra cotta brown ink which shows three light streaks across a portion of an almost solid background, regarding which he writes as follows : “ Will you give me some information on the enclosed cut job? I am running it on a Universal, 14 by 22. You will notice the imprint of the outside rule, which surrounds the job, running across the face of the cut. How will I go about to remedy the defect? When Red Color Does Not Dry. — D.-W. P., of San Francisco, California, has sent a card of antique drab stock, printed in red and white inks, and says : “We have a problem here that is new to us, and write you in hopes that you can solve it. On the enclosed card, which was printed over two months ago, the red ink does not dry. We have printed three impressions of the white ink, made by a good firm of inkmakers, and each of the impressions was thoroughly dry before we printed the next. What we can not understand is why the red ink, THE INLAND PRINTER 557 which is ordinary job red, fails to dry. We have shown all the ink men in this town a sample of the card, but they have given it up. Hope you will be able to give us the desired information through your valuable department.” Answer. — Long before you read these lines you will have discovered that the red ink on the job sent has dried thoroughly. You mention that you have run the white through the press three times and that it was dry each time before going on with the successive printing. Did it occur to you that you run the red color over the three printings of white and that it formed- the fourth working, and would necessarily require a little longer time to dry than if printed nearer to the surface of the card stock? Every lapped color requires longer to dry as it is printed than the under ones, because the oil and varnish in the color becomes more impervious to the action of the natural drying qualities of air. A few drops of boiled linseed oil, well mixed into red ink that is to be run over another color, will assist it in drying. The impression on the round red ball is much too light, and permits portions of the white ink to show through. A sheet underlay on it and one over it would have produced a much better job than you have turned out. The white background, too, might have been better in color if more color had been carried. Criticism Regarding Workmanship. — E. E., of Palisades, New York, sends a copy of a new magazine entitled “ Arti- craft,” which advocates the union of mental and physical work in the arts and crafts, regarding which he writes : “ I have charge of, and, in fact, do nearly all the printing of it on half-medium Galley Universal presses. My purpose in wri¬ ting you about it is to get your criticism. I am a young man, and all the advice I can get will be of benefit to me. I am a subscriber to The Inland Printer, besides other good books on printing.” Answer. — The work on this neat little maga¬ zine, which is printed in dark art-brown ink on a cream-toned paper, the type being new, is indeed creditable, therefore mechanically inviting. If so much of this has been done by E. E. as he claims, then extra encomium is deserved. If there is a fault to be noticed, that fault is to be found with the make-ready of the illustrations, which are not as skilfully treated nor brought out as they should be on such appropriate paper as is employed in this magazine. Stronger cut-out overlaying is essential to the other niceties of this little monthly, which aims at expressing individuality and the results of labor. However, taken as a whole, this specimen of regu¬ lar composition and presswork must be considered in the light of really good workmanship, and serves to illustrate the successful path of the studious young printer. The Cylinder Press of the Luttrell “Times.” — By the courtesy of Mr. Lane Lyle, of Chattanooga, Tennessee, we have obtained the accompanying illus¬ tration of the unique cylinder press of the Luttrell Times , Luttrell, Tennessee, and incidentally a copy of the Times itself, the first page of which is shown herewith. The paper is printed with patent in¬ sides, every Friday, and is 13 by 20 in size. The press on which it is printed is over a hundred years old and was made by a Yankee in the State of Maine. The cylinder is filled with small stones, horse¬ shoes, old type metal, scrap-iron, etc. — anything to give weight. The blanket is an old bed. cover¬ ing, and the sheet is attached by nippers which are clamped down by hand. The proprietor and his son furnish the motive power — ■ one on each side to propel the ton weight on its tracks. They are proud of the press and its antiquity and say justly that there is no danger of accidents with it. Drying Racks. — B. S., of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, says : “ Enclosed you will find a cover-paper upon which I desire your criticism and advice. The firm that I am employed with is not equipped with drying racks, so I could not spread out the work as it shotild be, therefore I am compelled to use slip sheets, when working white inks, to prevent offset. On the first printing the ink did not stick to the slip sheets, but on the second printing my trouble started. I used all kinds of paper available, and finally, at a suggestion, the firm 558 THE INLAND PRINTER purchased some wax paper to get over the trouble, but, as you may see by looking at the sheet of wax paper and card, the imt did not only stick to it, but the wax paper pulled off some of the white ink. Anything that you may advise will be welcome.” Answer. — All such work should be carefully laid out on drying boards or run through heated receptacles built for drying printed matter speedily. There is no other means of safety except to lay out the work on its edges, and stand slightly inclined. Let the lifts be few at a time and between slip sheets carefully laid on the printed sheets. Ink Streak and Poor Presswork. — J. E. W., of Haver¬ hill, Massachusetts, writes as follows : “ Card enclosed. I have been working at printing for eighteen years, but do not know the cause of the streak shown on the side of the card. If you know, please tell me. I do know that very often the simple things are the stickers. This job worked nicely (the enclosed is not sample of job, but selected to. show streak) one day and streaked the next with same ink, rollers, make-ready, and, in fact, everything the same. I have stopped many defects by trying different tricks, but this one sticks me ; in fact, I do not know the cause.” Answer. — We would refer you to the suggestions offered to A. M. B., of Des Moines, in this number. The cause lies in the condition of the form rollers. The same rollers that were solid and round and picked up ink uniformly and smartly were on the following day limp, mushy and dead to essential requirements, and all because dry weather had changed to humidity or dampness. The rollers, being of ordinary glycerine and glue composition, had simply “ gone back ” on their duty. When this occurs, the diameter of the rollers becomes greater, and their sluggish make-up refuses to take up ink or cover the form in the smooth manner usual during more favorable weather. Divergent Opinions About Underlaying. — L. W. P., of East Pittsburg, Pennsylvania, sends the following questions for answers: (i) “I underlaid the enclosed quarter-sheet poster with a whole sheet underlay. Another pressman said that should not be done, as it causes spaces and slugs to work up on cylinder presses. He said that letters should be under¬ laid separately. I have seen many good pressmen do as I did; but as the pressman who corrected me is older than I, I concluded to ask you for further information. (2) My ink was too tacky, but the foreman objected to its being reduced, consequently the large letters do not show full color. I did not dare to run the ink heavier because it pulled the face off the stock. Would not lard or vaselin have been the proper thing to mix with ink to make it work properly, or possibly kerosene? (3) Of what actual value is ‘The Color Printer,’ by John F. Earhart, to a pressman, also the ‘ Harmonizer,’ by the same author?” Answer. — (1) Adding a whole-sheet underlay should not be attempted where the contents of the form are uniformly of right height to paper, which is correct standard height. When such underlaying is necessary it is because the form rollers have shrunken from their normal size' and can not be adjusted to the face of the form, or when enough tympan sheets have not been applied to the cylinder. It is no uncommon thing for lines of metal and wooden type to be lower than other portions of forms, whether poster or card, but it is decidedly improper to underlay the entire form to rectify this discrepancy in height. The senior pressman was right in expounding underlay as it applied to poster forms ; he was alsq correct in stating result when his method was deviated from. Low single letters or lines should be underlaid, so as to make them uniform in printing height; with such treatment the pressman has prepared his form for the best possible ink-covering result consistent with properly set rollers. (2) When ink is found to be too tacky or strong in pull-off, a little lard, vaselin or kerosene mixed with the ink will be found advantageous. If the ink is of high grade, we suggest hog’s lard, as it is soft and short, and does not “kill” either the body or color of the goods. (3) “The Color Printer ” is eminently well fitted to be the instructor of any pressman, for it contains valuable information in mat¬ ters pertaining to presswork, whether plain or colored. The author’s many demonstrations with colors are such as to enable any intelligent pressman to achieve distinction from a close study of the principles and rules laid down in its pages. No better book has been presented for the higher elevation of the pressroom than John F. Earhart’s “ Color Printer.” Unfortunately it is now out of print. His work entitled “ The Harmonizer,” while not so pretentious, is nevertheless one that should find a prominent place in the library of the pressman, whether large or small, as well as in the counting-room of every well-regulated printing-house. With both books, the pressman is in possession of information relative to his busi¬ ness that can not be duplicated at present. Register in Platen Presswork. — The following pointers regarding register are offered by Eugene St. John, of Cleve¬ land, Ohio. “ No one denies the supreme importance of register in good printing. Indeed, it is axiomatic that there is no perfection in presswork without exact register ; yet an examination of the general run of printing shows that register is, comparatively, seldom attained. Register is preserved only by the exercise of great vigilance from the beginning to the end of the printing process. It must be admitted that the composing-room, in the majority of cases, does its part in securing register, and imperfections in this respect are gener¬ ally traced to the pressroom. This is so because there are many more harrassing details to be taken cognizance of in the printing of the prepared forms, any one of which if over¬ looked may impair the register. With the use of transparent paper and care, the lock-up man may see that register is possible before the forms leave the stone. To preserve this register, in spite of some vexatious hindrances, is the press¬ man’s important problem. We will first consider some of the difficulties of preserving register on the platen press. (1) The chase oftentimes does not sit snugly in the press, because there is space between the roller-track and the end of the chase. This allows the chase to move, during running, from the posi¬ tion it had when gauges were set. Here the safeguard is a wooden wedge driven between chase and roller-track. (2) On some older presses the little shoulders in which the chase sits are not cast in one piece with frame of press, but fastened to it with screws which frequently work loose. This is cause of many cases of defective register. Before starting color forms these screws should be fastened securely and examined occasionally during the run. (3) Forms not properly planed down may keep the chase some distance from the bed of the press during make-ready. Afterward the continuous squeezing may press the chase from its former position to the proper one against the bed, but affect the register. The pressman should be sure, at the start, that the chase is immovable. (4) Old quoins, and some new ones, not securely locked, have a knack of working loose on a particular job — not falling out, but loose enough to allow the form to slip slightly and enough to spoil register. Before beginning make-ready a thorough pressman will make sure his quoins are secure. (5) The grippers must strike the sheet together and with same pressure. (6) Paper and board that curls is dangerous in register work. A flat sheet is imperative. Curling is generally caused by placing the stock too close to dry heat. Exposed to dampness curly stock will generally flatten. (7) Tympan bales or clamps must be absolutely tight, not allowing tympan to move a hair’s breadth. Clamps on many presses, through long usage, have become insecure. New ones are preferable; in lieu of these heat and hammer the old ones into shape ; see that their screws are secure. By doubling up the tympan sheets and using fish glue or paste, temporary security is obtained. (8) When bearers are used, do not forget to cut away tympan and packing where they strike, for they may move it during run. (9) It seems unnecessary to say tl^t THE INLAND PRINTER 559 impression screws should be secure. Occasionally they are not and the mischief is not discovered until too late. (10) Make-ready must be completed before setting gauges, for any considerable increase or decrease of packing afterward will mar the register, (n) The two lower gauges, securely fastened, should be placed well toward, but not too close to end of sheet, and the end gauge about same distance from lower edge of sheet. Be sure the impression is straight on the sheet. This is readily ascertained by taking an impression, folding the sheet and holding it to the light to see if lines cut in two by the fold exactly match on the lap, being careful that edges of sheet are exactly together in line. (12) In feed¬ ing register work it is not only necessary that the sheet be fed to gauges. It must be held there momentarily by the third It is well before starting first color to prove up the entire job, pulling a number of impressions of each color form. Each color while running may be then tested as to register, say after each 250 impressions, by running through a proof sheet of next color. Of course, each form should occupy relatively same position in chase, and gauges likewise for each color should come in contact with sheet at same places. These troubles of the platen pressman bother the cylinder pressman also, though not to the same degree, because of the better mechanism of the larger machine. The guides and appliances which guard and carry the sheet to and through the impression must be properly placed and secure; and bed, form and cylinder must move in register. Make-ready should be com¬ plete before running and not tampered with afterward. If, SITE OF THE UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO, AT BOULDER. (The Chautauqua in the background.) finger, until the platen is well started to the impression. The average feeder can not handle register work satisfactorily at speeds above 1,500 impressions per hour, though there are some clever exceptions. (13) The greatest trials of the pressman in register work are shrinking and swelling of stock caused by great changes in atmosphere, from hot to cold, damp to dry, and vice versa. Forms on wooden bases are often affected in this way, too. Uniform temperature in the press¬ room is highly desirable for inks, rollers and stock. Stock received from a different atmosphere should be acclimated, as it were, before running, and kept in same temperature from form to form. Of what avail is all the care of engraver, com¬ positor, pressman and feeder if the stock through moisture is increased, or by exposure to an extreme heat is decreased an eighth of an inch in length? Under such conditions register is an impossibility. By safeguarding all the above mentioned difficulties, and in no other way, is register sure at all times. owing to length of run and consequent wear of make-ready, the latter must be changed, before resuming run careful exam¬ ination should be made by pressman of register. Changes of temperature and insecure forms are the most prolific sources of loss of register on a first-class cylinder press. There is one cause of defective register, on both the platen and cylinder machine, which requires heroic remedy: a press so badly worn that the impression never strikes twice consecutively in the same place. Here a new pres is needed.” Cut-out Overlays for Etchings. — E. A. S., of Boston, Massachusetts, has sent prints of several etchings taken from original paintings in famous galleries, etc., which bear little of the usual detail found in modern subjects. He writes at length concerning these : “ Will you be good enough to give me a line on the best method of pulling sheets so as to have some semblance of detail by which one may be able to see what he is doing when endeavoring to cut out overlays. I 560 THE INLAND PRINTER enclose a few samples of proofs so that they may give you an idea of what I am trying to get at. There is no guide so that a pressman may see what values to cut out. These proofs are partly made ready, and, as you may see, there is not enough impression on them, but were sent to you as they were the handiest at command. From them you can see what I mean. One can easily see his values to cut from ordinary views and portraits when they are engraved from real life, but it is very difficult for one to pull a sheet to cut out over¬ lays from on cuts like these sent, and which look as if they were engraved from copies of paintings and from Greek and Roman figures. Sometimes one is rushed with a form to press; then there is no time to cut overlays, hence one must trace out the detail on such cuts by blind luck. I may add that I have done good work — work that any pressman might feel proud of — on views or portraits from nature, but I own up that I am not satisfied with myself when I am up against stuff such as I now send you. I understand about setting rollers light, using hard packing, stiff ink, firm, tacky rollers and forms all leveled up underneath, and pulling on a coated sheet of paper to guide me in tracing or in cutting the values on the make-ready sheet or sheet for the cut overlay, which is mostly S. and S. C. stock. Be good enough to explain some simple method whereby I may be able to clearly and intelligently know how and where to build up my values on a sheet or cut them out on the cut overlay. I sometimes get worse than the specimens sent to you. As I said before, it is hard to tell where any detail begins or. ends.” Answer. — The subjects sent are certainly hard ones for the ordinary pressman to handle. You are too particular in tracing detail in such illustrations, many of which look best when but slight detail is developed. The best effects from such subjects is presented when the prints' are placed at a distance — as with oil paintings, for instance. The usual way is to cut out all the higher lights, even to first, second and third, and with one or perhaps two sheet overlays, secure the most effective of the deep colors. However, your real trouble is to get clear enough prints, as proofs, to intelligently make out where all this can be accomplished. When proofs can not be made on a hand or job press before the cuts are made up in form shape (and here all cuts should be so proved) the best method is to put up the requisite number of sheets to make up the full tympan packing and run off the necessary cut-out overlay sheets. This gives the cuts their full strength of impression, and should clearly define all necessary detail ; if not, then add a fairly thick sheet or two of medium thickness to these. Necessary impression on the cuts in the first place is about all that is requisite. Black ink is the best color to secure sharp results. “ INKOLOGY.” “ Inkology ” is the title of a handsome publication issued by the Ault & Wiborg Company, of Cincinnati, Ohio, to adver¬ tise its inks and to display their working qualities and to illus¬ trate practical ideas in the use of paper, inks, types and engravings. Specimens of the papers of the Old Berkshire Mills Company, Peninsular Paper Company, Mill Falls Paper Company, Old Hampshire Paper Company, The Paper Mills Company, The American Writing Paper Company, Keith Paper Company and the Champion Coated Paper Company, beautify the book. The magazine was planned and executed by the Chappelow & Goe Advertising Company, St. Louis, and reflects high credit on every one connected with its production. It will be issued monthly hereafter. WOULDN’T BE MISSED. " This drama,” said the young author, “ is taken from the French.” “ Well,” replied the manager to whom it had been sub¬ mitted, “ I don’t believe the French will ever miss it.” — Chicago News. Written for The Inland Printer. TYPEFOUNDERS AND TYPEFOUNDING IN AMERICA. NO. XXXVI — ROBERT ALLISON. HEN Robert Allison first entered the typefoundry of Johnson & Smith, in Philadelphia, it was with the intention of serving a full apprenticeship to the trade, but after a few months he chose the trade of stereo¬ typing, which was carried on as a collateral branch of the business, and he served five years to that trade and became an expert workman. This was in the late forties, and he con¬ tinued for several years as a trusted employe. In 1856 John¬ son & Smith decided to open a branch foundry at Cincinnati, and Robert Allison was selected to take general charge of the business. In due time the outfit was prepared and shipped, and as assistant and foreman of the typefoundry Charles H. Smith was selected. Mr. Smith was a son of George F., for so many years identified with the old foundry of Johnson & Smith, and later L. Johnson & Co., and his choice was extremely fortunate for the business and for Mr. Allison as well. The business was always known as “The Franklin Type and Stereotype Foundry,” through the several changes of ownership, until finally sold to the American Type Founders Company in the early part of 1893. At first the business was owned by L. Johnson & Co., but shortly after the close of the War of the Rebellion the ownership passed to Allison, Smiths & Johnson, the Johnson in the firm at this time being Howard L. Johnson, a son of Lawrence, of Philadelphia. Howard L. continued in the business for twelve years, or until his death in 1889. The establishment of the Franklin Type and Stereotype Foundry inaugurated a new era in the printing trades in Cincinnati and its tributary territory, and in spite of the depression growing out of the War of the Rebellion the busi¬ ness grew steadily. This must be attributed in a large meas¬ ure to its conservative management, which was noticeable in a business noted for conservatism. It enjoyed a good share of the trade of the middle West and Southwest for many years, and its owners accumulated a snug fortune. When the sale of the business was made in 1893 to the American Type Founders Company, Robert Allison was retained as manager of the Cincinnati branch, a position which he retained until April 15, 1899, when he resigned. After his withdrawal from the typefounding business he gave his time to public affairs, having been in the meantime elected a mem¬ ber of the Board of Public Service, and by that body the president of the board. This position called for a degree of skill which was not wanting in Mr. Allison, so that his public career was marked by an honorable record of service. His death occurred unexpectedly on March 23, 1904, at the age of seventy-three. EXPOSIZIONE MILANO. The Milan (Italy) Exposition of Graphic and Industrial Arts, which was to have been held during 1905, has been post¬ poned until the year 1906. A working hall for the industrial arts will be a feature, in which machines in actual operation will be exhibited, producing their finished products from raw material, while in other departments the products themselves will be on exhibition. Applications for space will be received by the committee until May 31, 1905. THE VERY THING. The Inland Printer is just the publication that all up-to- date printers should take if they want to keep up to the times. — G. L. Smith, Ingersoll, Ontario. THE INLAND PRINTER 561 ISS'SttS£§£S38% SSL £ ■Sp^a’a S £^§^1 : 8 5; % S % &« 2 ’Q %^iSt S £ & * 8- “ & : »» ™;ri 562 THE INLAND PRINTER the advertiser, J. N. Jacobson, with a request for his opinion as to their merits. Mr. Jacobson’s interesting letter follows : ter, so that the construction of ads. which will bring about the results 1 1 JAKE’S JANUARY 1 1 Clearance Sale Dry Goods Boys’ Fine Suits $2.50 ,or 50 Men s Fine Suits I • • ' • $10 Ladies’ Jackets . v'50 I .!> sojackcs $6.25! ( . . Jackeis $5.00! , Soojockc... $4.00 . cooj.d.,,, $3.00 , $2.50 20 Off End of season cut prices Warm Shoes 20 cent J. n. jacobson~T JAK Clean £’0 January lnce SALE Dry Goods Ladies’ Jackets tlS.OOJaokoU, $7.50 6.25 *10.00 Jackal., 5.00 *8.00.1..*,., 4.00 S t.00 Jacket.. 2.50 Boys’ Fine Suits $2.50 Warm Shoes Fifty Men’s Fine Suits $10 J. N. JACOBSON, Hilli Winn. JAKE’S January Clearance SALE Ifr {f* ^ 1= ii ; Jll Specie! Prices on Dry Goods STS . . Boys' Fine Suits S2.50 Late1 hi 1 Fifty Mens’ Fine Suits. SIO Warm Shoes. J. N. JACOBSON, THE INLAND PRINTER 563 Mr. Jacobson’s ideas of what constitutes a good ad. evi¬ dently conform very closely to those of the contestants them¬ selves, as he has selected No. 45 for first place, and his choice for second place secured fourth from the contestants. Several of the leading ads. are reproduced herewith, together with the photographs and brief biographical sketches of the winning contestants,. My selection for first place would be No. 45, with No. 20 second and No. 26 third. The first two bring out the prices better than any of the others, while No. 45 has the advantage of more prominent display enhanced by a bet¬ ter selection of body letter. In this ad., however, I would have used a one-point rule, instead of the hair-line, for the panels, and there was no occasion for inverting the double rule beneath the first display. The sketches of the two lead¬ ing compositors follow : J. C. Voline was born at Creston, Iowa, in 1876. Like all other small boys, the routine of the public schools was irksome to him, and the pleasures of playing “ hookey ” amounted to more than the advantages miners and members of the Citizens’ Alliance entered the office of the Victor (Colo.) Daily Record, a local paper that has championed the cause of union labor, and demolished two Linotype machines, threw several job presses into the street, ruined the' large cylinder press, tore up the office books and ordered proprietor and the entire force of printers, reporters and pressmen to leave town before daylight and never return on pain of death. John H. Sinberg, manager of the classified advertising department of the Philadelphia Record, has a practical list of “ Instructions to Classified Solicitors,” a portion of which fol¬ lows : Soliciting. — Call on every assignment given you, and work hard to secure a long-time order. If you can not get an order for a month, two weeks or one week, try for one insertion. Be persistent, but not pug¬ nacious. Do not promise anything you are not sure can be fulfilled. Appearance.- — Solicitors should always appear neat; have clean linen, well-brushed clothes and shoes, and must be cleanly shaven. Do not of an education. In 1893 he was apprenticed to the trade and served as pressfeeder in the office of the Daily Gazette. While feeding press, he picked up the rudiments of typesetting. The trade appealed to his taste, and he became an apt student of the art preservative. Later he struck out for himself, worked at various places, and for some time held the position of foreman of the Star-Enterprise, of Afton, his native State. He then drifted to Nebraska, where he became foreman of the Times, at Beaver City, and afterward its publisher. About three years ago he disposed of his interests at Beaver City and accepted the position of foreman in the office of the Nemaha County Herald, at Auburn, which place he still holds. He states that here he had his first experience as a student of The Inland Printer. Studying it carefully, he came to a healthy realization of his shortcomings, and through its primary lessons learned where he was deficient. Percy L. Clancy was born in Halifax, Nova Scotia, January 24, 1880, and received an ordinary public-school education. He entered the printing trade in 1894, and has worked steadily at it ever since, although he has never worked outside his own city, and only in two or three offices there. Mr. Clancy is at present employed by the Imperial Pub¬ lishing Company, at Halifax, a thoroughly up-to-date office. When Mr. Voline sent in his selections for first, second and third places, he wrote the following very pleasing letter ; O. F. Byxbee, Scranton, Pa.: Auburn, Neb., May 7, 1904. Dear Sir, — Let me congratulate you upon the good work you are doing to educate the printers of the country, and I am pleased to see the generous response to your ad.-setting contests. The character of the ads. now sent in are far in advance of those of several years ago in point of typography, which is one of the best evidences that the contests are bearing good fruit and that your work is resulting in the making of better printers and the elevation of the art. I have been greatly bene¬ fited and know that thousands of others have received like benefits. Very respectfully, J. C. Voline. Mob Wrecks Newspaper Office. — At 1 o’clock on the morning of June 9, a crowd of fifteen hundred non-union smoke while 'talking business, and drinking during business hours will not be tolerated. Remember, you are representing a high-class paper, and while soliciting for that paper you are its direct representative. Adjusting Errors.— If an advertiser appears angry at the Record on account of some misunderstanding or mistake made at the office or through solicitors, find out exactly what the trouble is, explain in a gentlemanly and courteous manner that the present management is endeavoring to treat every one fairly, squarely and honestly, and assure the advertiser that matters will be adjusted at once. Report all griev¬ ances to manager of classified department immediately. Read the Record thoroughly every morning and become conversant with its features, so as to be able to talk intelligently. Finally, never lose your temper with an advertiser, no matter how strong the provocation. Always leave him so that you may return at any time. There are other paragraphs on “Strong Points of the Record” which any publisher could easily supply. Suggestions for Improving Some Good Ads. — L. Wiet- lispach, of the Streator (Ill.) Trades and Labor Gazette, sends a large number of exceptionally good ads., in nearly every one of which there is some original idea shown. No. 1 is a neat arrangement, but would have been improved in balance if “ Inspectors of railroad watches ” had been placed in one corner and the signature in the other. No. 2 is in excellent balance, but would have been a better ad. for the advertiser if “baker’s bread” “just as good as the home¬ made kind ” had been brought out as prominently as was “Did you ever.” Jay Crawford, of the Kearney (Neb.) Hub, sends a number of excellent ads., three of which are repro¬ duced (Nos. 3, 4 and 5). Note how well the display is chosen and how nicely it is brought out. Many compositors would 564 THE INLAND PRINTER THE INLAND PRINTER 565 2 years’ apprent INCOME FROM FIVE YEARS’ REGULAR APPRENTICESHIP, WITHOUT THE SCHOOL. Second year Third year., Fourth year Fifth year.. .5 26 INCOME FROM SAME TIME, ONE YE. .$ 104.00 156.00 182.00 208.00 234.00 260.00 286.00 338.00 390.00 2,288.00 SPENT IN THE SCHOOL. .$ 000 234 260 286 312 364 416 468 468 Income for five years, one year in the school . $2,808 $ 520.00 Net advantage of one year in the school . $ 420.00 PRINTERS’ LINGO IN ENGLAND. In many respects the technical terms of the printer’s trade are the same in England as in the United States, yet there are several radical differences of nomenclature which sound pecul¬ iar to the American ear. Over there a pressman is a machine minder, or simply a minder. What we call a press proof here is there called a machine proof, while they give to press proof another meaning, that of a proof which is presumed to be the last before going to press. With us, of course, a press proof means a proof taken on the press, and implying that the No 5. impression is more or less made ready, so as to give a result equal to the final job. Composition done by the week in England is “ on ’stab ” as opposed to “ on piece.” An office correction with them is a “ house mark.” They do not use the word “ ringer,” although such corrections are encircled by the proofreader, as with us. ■ A proofreader’s room or com¬ partment is called a closet, and the meaning of the word is extended to cover the proofreading fraternity, which is spoken of as “the closet,” just as we refer to the business department as the counting-house. The copyholder is usually denomina¬ ted the “ reading boy,” while the foreman is the “ overseer.” A man’s salary or wages is his “ screw,” while a battered letter is a batter. The sizes of the printing machines are indi¬ cated by the papers they will take on, as double demy, crown * The Boston wage scale after February 1, 1905, will be $18 per week. and small crown machines. The word press is reserved for the hand press, all the others worthy of the name being called machines. A paper-cutter is a “ guillotine,” and a stone is an “ imposing surface.” Quotations with them are “ hollow quads.” A press-clipping bureau is a “press-cutting agency.” Lithograph and lithographing are almost universally abbrevi¬ ated to “ litho.,” and a detergent, or other substitute for lye, is a “type wash.” — Monthly Union. HOW THE EDITOR ESCAPED. A good story of his editorial days is told of Representative Brownlow, of Tennessee. He was running a country paper in that State and had made things pretty warm for some of his enemies, using language which was vigorous and meant fight. Just after the paper had gone to press one week Editor Brownlow was in his den figuring out how he was going to No. 6. pay his printer and buy paper for the next issue. A savage¬ looking fellow, with a heavy club clenched in his hand, walked in and asked if the editor was in. “No; he’s out,” said the sly Brownlow, “but he’ll be back in a few minutes. Just have a seat and I’ll go out and hunt him up.” The man with the club took a chair, and, putting his feet on top of the desk, proceeded to make himself at home. Brownlow walked down the stairs, and at the foot he met another irate fellow — they were from adjoining counties and unknown to the editor. “ Will I find the editor of this dirty sheet upstairs?” asked the man of Brownlow. “Yes, sir,” came the reply. “ He is up there at the desk and just itching for a fight.” The fellow ambled up and had no trouble in finding the second man, and, accepting the information given by Brownlow that he was the editor, the two were soon in a rough and tumble fight, while the present Congressman was out on the street talking politics. However, he didn’t go back to the office that day! — Nezvspaper Union. 566 THE INLAND PRINTER ...if H^te^sasr^ r&ic tz&gst £i^SFtea?1£|;“-=— - That it can be set right by s 5 the whole mold. That the screws in rim Of c c above mold will break the That the mold disk must lock tightly against matrix line before the cast occurs. That the adjustment is made by the eccentric pin in the mold-slide roller. should at its first forward stroke and the a double sheet of newspaper will bind Eighty-five new Linotypes were installed in various print¬ ing-offices during the month of May, forty-nine of which went to increase existing plants of these machines. Copper-facing Linotype Slugs. — The old established Newton Copper-facing Company, which dates from 1851, reports through its secretary, Mr. C. J. Orchard, 49 Frank- :w York, that wh improved and the durability of the letters greatly i Many printers in the East are having their job i A History of Composing Machines. — So 1 The jject is relatively small, so y should write to the The Inland Printer Company, at once. The book ii accurate historical review of all manne r of per- volume. In addition, an accurate and complete list is given of all patents issued in both England and the United States itself invaluable to inventors and students. Sold only on sub¬ scription. Cloth, $3; half-leather, $4. a part of the com- Signal. The three W. H. Davis. All three were given George B. Clarkson and the Signal office and are rapid and competent operators. Mr. Clarkson is the machinist, and besides taking care of the Signal’s machines is frequently called upon by offices in near-by towns to repair machines or set up new ones. The manager of the Signal states that the expense for machine repairs is very light since they have been under Mr. Clark¬ son’s care. THE INLAND PRINTER 567 Border Designs. — Another border design is submitted this month, the composition being by a student in the Machine Composition Branch of the Inland Printer Technical School. The design is that of a rug, and was first blocked out on paper ruled in squares and the copy written out by giving each character a certain designation, as a for the diamond, b for the quad, c for the black character. The distributing combi¬ nations were cut to cause the matrices to run through the magazine. It was then a simple matter to write out the copy (as the sixth line — i a, i space, 2 b, 1 a, 30 b, 1 a, 3b, 1 a), the design being set the narrow way. There are thirty-nine char¬ acters in each line and one spaceband, except in top and bottom lines, which are full border lines. Each line set was duplicated, so but one-half the design was actual composition. Thirty minutes completed the job. trouble? The magazine is clean — free of oil, benzin and graphite.” Answer. — If our correspondent’s query is cor¬ rectly understood, hair-lines appear when setting wide meas¬ ure (eighteen ems) and are not apparent when on narrow measure. In this event it must be that the lines do not justify when setting the wider measure, probably due to the mold disk locking too tightly against matrix line before justifica¬ tion takes place. The test for this adjustment is given at the head of this department in the present issue. The matrix line should be free to spread sidewise and fill the space between the vise jaws, and anything which prevents free movement, such as metal on mold face or binding of line in first elevator jaws, should receive attention. The justification springs will ordinarily drive up the wedges if nothing is binding the line, but additional tension can be given the justification springs if High Averages.— The daily newspapers of Chicago have probably the swiftest forces of Linotype operators in the world. There are no less than half a dozen men who average approximately ten thousand ems an hour. A glance at the following table, compiled by a committee appointed by the local union to investigate the averages maintained in the various offices, will be a revelation to many : Stock Yards Sun. Chronicle . Record-Herald . . News . Inter Ocean .... Tribune . Number of Average Operators, per hour 5 7.300 12 6,900 7 6,800 14 6,300 5,300 Hair-lines. — M. J. T., New York city, writes: “We use bourgeois, minion and nonpareil every week, about two days on each, and before using any font (three machines, three fonts to each) take proof of all matrices. For an example of my trouble, I took proof of font of minion Tues¬ day morning and found no hair-lines until Wednesday noon; then, while setting one galley eighteen ems wide, the font became loaded with hair-lines. I take utmost care of space- bands. I have had trouble on account of metal adhering to them. However, I clean them frequently during the day, and of late they have been very clear of metal. It is strange to me why the first galley is clear of hair-lines and the next one full of them. Can any adjustment of pump-stop cause this necessary. Of course, if the pump-stop does not prevent short lines casting, metal would enter between the matrices of such lines and appear in the print. Adjust the pump-stop so that if spacebands are driven to their full capacity no cast will occur. Burg Composing Machine. — This is the latest addition to the ranks of mechanical compositors. It is now some time since the first reports of its invention by the Abbe Burg, at Mollkirch, Alsace, reached the outside world, and ever since the reverend inventor has been hard at work completing it. There have been some reports greatly to its disfavor going around, but M. l’Abbe says these have all been set on foot by evilly disposed persons who have not seen the machine at work in the factory in Paris where it is being constructed, and admission to which is strictly forbidden. He declares that it is now finished, and fulfils all the claims he has advanced for it. — Caxton Magazine, London. “Unnecessary” Parts.— A graduate of the Inland Printer Technical School writes: “Am getting along fairly well, considering the fact that our machine is now running without the pump-stop or vise automatic and various other ‘ unnecessary ’ attachments. The trouble I had with the vise automatic led to the discovery that it was out of adjustment, also that the spring in the pin was broken in three places. I observed that the pin was not working as it should and sug¬ gested to the man in charge that we remove it and see what was wrong. He would not do it then, but during my absence he removed it and found the spring broken as stated. I went 568 THE INLAND PRINTER to a machine shop and got a new spring put in, but the pin has been lying on a table in the office ever since. The operator has promised to put the pump-stop on so many times that I am tired of speaking to him about it, and have about decided that I can run the machine without these things if he can. One day he asked me how much play the matrices should have in head of first elevator. T'old him I thought just enough to slide easily, as I knew of no adjustment for it. He had previously mentioned the fact that he really ought to keep that ‘ ding-bat ’ on the machine ‘ to steady the mold wheel.’ Of course I chuckled, but did not object. Running without it, the elevator had become bent slightly and allowed out more than half enough metal to fill the mold. I took the plunger out and cleaned it, which was all that was needed.” Automatic Light-up.- — H. F. Wilder, manager the Enter¬ prise Company, Marlboro, Massachusetts, sends the following description of a device which is used in their office to “ light-up ” their Linotype machines in preparation for the day’s work. As the gas under the metal-pots must be lighted from one and a half to two hours before starting the machines, the advantages of an automatic light-up are obvious. A device of a similar nature has been patented in Europe, where it is quite extensively used. “ At the request of some friends interested in the business, I send you a description of a A GROUP OF INLAND PRINTER TECHNICAL SCHOOL STUDENTS. Top row — W. A. Johnson, J. A. Laurin, M. F. Devlin. Bottom row — C. Danner, H. Blumer, C. G. Alley, E. W. Stahl, G. Hoelcher. too much play of the line of matrices therein, which sug¬ gested the question he asked me. I picked the ‘ ding-bat ’ out of the pi box and told him I thought if he would put that on it would dispose of the trouble, so on it went, and, strange to say, has been there ever since. Last Sunday we , cleaned and oiled the keyboard cams. He said it was the first time the job had ever been done — and I believe it. He made me keep the cams in place and return each one to the place from which it came. What do you think of that? One trouble I had, the line-delivery would go to head of first elevator and stop. I soon discovered that the link had been turned and elevator head was too low to correspond with line- delivery channel. Another thing that gave me a little agony was the distributor box. Sometimes the line of matrices would pass through all right, and sometimes not. I thought of perhaps a half-dozen things that might be the cause, but finally became desperate and concluded that the lift was not coming low enough to properly engage the matrices, and a slight turn on the adjusting screw bridged me over the diffi¬ culty. Matrices dropping in wrong channels had occurred, but that seems to be nothing more serious than a bent par¬ tition. One night the pump went wrong and would not send device which is in successful use in our shop for lighting the gas under the machine. It consists of an ordinary alarm clock, with a trigger attached at, one end to a screw-eye in the wall and the other end just reaches to the stationary winding key for the alarm, under which it is caught. Leading from the trigger is a line, passing over pulleys on the ceiling and attached to the ofiter end of a long lever on the gas-cock. This lever is about five inches long and carries a weight heavy enough to open the cock. A small auxiliary burner is kept lighted, the flame being merely enough to light the main burner when the cock is opened. The alarm is set to the desired hour, the cord attached and the trigger placed under the alarm key, and the weight hung on the end of the spindle. When the alarm goes off, the turning of the key allows the trigger .to escape, the weight opens the cock and the subburner lights the other one. It works perfectly and has saved us lots of trouble. An ordinary alarm clock can not be set until at least an hour after it has gone off. Therefore, if it was desired to light the gas at 5 o’clock a.m. it would have to be set after 6 at night. To avoid that bother we riveted two studs on the back of the clock, slotted to receive a flat piece of brass, in such a manner that one end would THE INLAND PRINTER 569 just reach under the alarm key and prevent it from turning. The other end was bent at right angle, and is long enough so that when the winding key turns it will pull the piece of brass out from under the alarm key, and the second time the alarm goes off, twelve hours later, it turns without hindrance and releases the trigger. As it takes about five hours for the key on the main wind to turn, it allows plenty of time for the contrivance to be set at 4 or even 3 o’clock.” How to Make a Mouthpiece Torch. — George B. Clark¬ son, machinist, the Signal, Zanesville, Ohio, offers the follow¬ ing suggestions on the making of a mouthpiece torch : “ Secure a piece of one-quarter-inch pipe, about four inches long, with one end threaded ; into this end drive a piece of old column rule tightly, so as to fill the pipe completely at the threaded end; then take a one-sixteenth drill and drill a hole through the center of this brass plug. Secure from the plumber also what is called, in plumbers’ language, a ‘ reducer.’ Have the small end of this tapped for the one-quarter-inch pipe, and the larger end tapped for one-half-inch pipe; which, however, should be about four inches long. Take a file and cut openings in the ‘reducer,’ which serves to mix air with the gas; your torch is then complete, costing in all about 20 cents. The torch which I have manufactured myself in this manner is the most satisfactory of any I ever used — and I have used a few.” Adventures of a Tourist. — A tourist operator writes the following notes for this department : “ The day operator said to me as I came on duty : ‘ Have you oiled up lately ? 5 ‘Yesterday,’ said I; ‘why?’ He lowered vise, pulled out cotter pin and, removing the small gear wheel outside of mold wheel, held it up and said : ‘ I’ve noticed for several days this was dry, so I oiled it good.’ When I recovered he was gone, and he tells the boys how jolly I am. Where ignorance is bliss ’tis folly to be wise. An operator in Eureka (California) put forth his foot to push the driving belt toward loose pulfey at that point where belt starts around beneath the pulley. His foot went quickly around the pulley and he sat down unconventionally and in a hurry. An operator in San Bernardino, Southern California, forgot to cross the long keyboard belt recently, so half of his letters were out of the game. After much worry and hurried ‘ peeps ’ at the distributor, justification springs, metal-pot, clutch, vise, mouth¬ piece and air-pump, and laying on the chair, floor and adjoin¬ ing table all the tools, wrenches and extra machine parts, screws, nuts and nails in the house, to the admiration and envy of the office devil, the foreman, manager and president of the company, attended by the bookkeeper, editor and lady reporter came in, leading, like a lamb to the slaughter, the tourist operator who arrived in town thus opportunely. With dejection in his heart, despair on his brow and sweating- great beads of perspiration, the operator was minutely intent upon examining the rubber roll which he had desperately and tremblingly removed, when lo ! to cap the climax the above august personages assembled suddenly and solemnly in his astonished presence. He hurriedly stuck in the roll, tightened the screw and slipped on the belt, straight as before, and sat .down on his chair, pounding furiously away, but only a few of his ‘ mats ’ came gaily at his touch. But 1 Ireland to the rescue.’ Our tourist, 'whom we will call ‘ Smith,’ caught on, and, slipping off the belt, he seized a pliers and turned the roll. Down the matrices came, a dozen strong, and with a crossed belt they are still coming. The carriage was like¬ wise out on strike, refusing to come back far enough. This also was speedily righted and Smith went on his way rejoicing.” Screw-drivers.— The screw-driver is perhaps the most abused tool in the kit of the average mechanic. It is often used as a pinch-bar, a chisel or a drift. Rarely is it in proper condition to do the work for which it is intended. Often only one size of screw-driver is used for all sizes of screws, the point being filed as occasion demands to make it fit the slots of screws varying greatly in size. At least three sizes of screw-drivers should be provided with Linotype tool kits — four-inch, six-inch and eight-inch. The length of the blade only is measured in calculating the lengths of screw-drivers. Many operators will attempt to start a large screw with a small screw-driver, with the invariable result of twisting or damaging the point. A size should be selected appropriate to the size of the screw. If in regrinding the points of screw¬ drivers the faces are extended at right angles instead of with the usual taper the blade will be less liable to slip out of engagement with the screw-head when in use. In selecting screw-drivers only those made with the steel extending through the entire length of handle should be chosen. The handles of these are less liable to crack and no damage will result if the hammer is used to assist in starting a recalci¬ trant screw. The blade should be of tough steel, but not glass hard, as if tempered too highly it will readily break when a strain is put upon it. Monotypes in the Government Printing-office. — For many months past rumors have been rife of the purchase of typesetting machines by the Public Printer for use in the Government Printing-office at Washington. It has several times been announced in the press than Linotypes were to be installed. The Wood & Nathan Company, selling agents of the Monotype machine, now announce that the Public Printer has decided to install the Monotype, and has ordered a battery of twenty-eight machines. Any one at all familiar with Gov¬ ernment publications is aware of the fact that a large propor¬ tion of the composition is what is termed “ rule-arid-figure ” work — tabular matter, which is kept standing and picked up and corrected from time to time. The adaptability of the Monotype for this class of composition was perhaps what decided the Public Printer in its favor, as no other typesetting machine can profitably handle tabular work requiring vertical brass rules. Another strong- point in favor of the Monotype is the fact that, as a typecasting machine, it can supply all the body type and much of the display type needed in the Government Printing-office, as, with the sort-casting attach¬ ment, all sizes up to thirty-six-point can be made for the case. Mr. Paul Nathan, of the V/ood & N-athan Company, who has been looking after the Monotype’s interests in Washington, is to be congratulated on his success in installing the Monotype in the face of active opposition to the introduction of type¬ setting machines into the Government Printing-office. Font Distinguisher. — “ Operator ” writes : “ In changing from small pica to brevier magazine, I was at rear of the machine and ready to move' the font distinguisher. ‘Two turns there, my boy,’ the machinist exclaimed. ‘ Bet you the cigars it’s three,’ I said. He got up and made two turns and to my surprise the matrices started — but I might add that they kept going after the third turn was made. Then I asked him if my theory of ‘ one turn for each point ’ was not cor¬ rect — and he replied, ‘I can’t answer.’ Then I thought of the Tiomely old saw that ‘ confession is good for the soul.’ I would like, however, to have you explain this point.” Answer.- — The operator’s theory of one turn of the font dis¬ tinguisher for each point change in type was correct, but he failed to note the exceptions to the rule. The font notch for bourgeois (or 9-point) is in the same position as the notch for agate (or sjZ-point), therefore there would only be two steps between 8 and 11 point. If the matrices continued to feed after the third turn was made it shows that the font dis¬ tinguisher was broken off or damaged. There are no indi¬ vidual notches for 5, 9, 12 or 14 point matrices, these sharing the notches for 11, 5*Z, 6 and 7 point, respectively. The rea¬ son for this somewhat confusing arrangement of font nicks is found in the fact that in the early matrices 5, 9, 12 and 14 point were not contemplated, and when these faces were cut later it was necessary to “ double up ” on the font nicks 570 THE INLAND PRINTER as the new fonts were added. An elaborate scale, showing the scheme of font and face marks on matrices can be had on application to the Linotype Company. Typewriter and Linotype. — The typewriter and the Linotype have proven two of the greatest labor-saving inven¬ tions for the printing-office in recent years, but few men are to be found who are familiar with the workings of both. H. M. Long, city editor of the Flint Daily News, published at Flint, Michigan, however, uses both to advantage and is as much at ease with one as the other. But his typewriter is such that none of the typewriter operators in the city are able to use it. The typewriter has what is as near the Linotype keyboard as it is possible to make. Three years ago the News installed a Linotype, but for over two years no one about the office, save the machinist-operator, knew anything of its working parts. In the event of the illness of the operator the paper had to resort to hand composition, and there was a consequent scurrying for typos. During his spare time, Mr. Long took up the study of the machine, and at the end of a month, in which his practice came in at noon and after going to press, was able to compose the paper during the absence of the operator from the city. He has reached a speed of 250 lines an hour in less than four months from the date of his first lesson. But the two keyboards were confusing and Mr. Long determined upon securing a typewriter with a keyboard as much like the Linotype as possible. Now he uses a Smith Premier, the keyboard being as follows : escvxi7ESCVX thmbz28THMB Z a r f g , 39ARFG $ odwk. 40ODWK ? ilyq:S’ILYQ& n u p j ; 6 ”, N U P J * ( ) space bar - ! The typewriter has certainly proven of value in serving to hold in memory the Linotype keyboard. A correspondent asks us what we consider a fair speed for Monotype keyboard operators, taking the work as it runs in the average book and job office. It is not easy to answer this accurately, as so much Of the work set on the Monotype is extra-priced matter. Still, taking all classes of composition, the average, measuring everything single, should not fall much below 4,000 ems per hour. While this may seem a low aver¬ age to some, it must be remembered that Monotype operators are able to maintain the same rate hour after hour, and that 4,000 per hour kept up all day is a very high rate of speed. Speeds of 10,000 ems per hour have been made on double- priced matter. Transfer Carriage Adjustment. — An operator sends the following incident to show how little some machinists in charge of Linotype plants know : “ In watching the machine the other day I found that the transfer carriage was not coming back far enough to lock at the time it should. The end of the trip lever would rest on top of the block until the machine started, when the jar consequent upon the starting would cause it to drop in place and lock the carriage. Had it failed to lock, I can see how it would cause the line to be pied, if the distributor stopped and held the second elevator up. I called the attention of the machinist to this matter, and here is where the fun began. He proposed to make the adjustment to bring the transfer carriage back to lock. He went to screwing on the turnbuckle and told me to watch the carriage and tell him when it moved back to where it should be. Well, I watched but did not see it move any and do not think it has done so yet, although the spaceband shifter moved about one-fourth inch, which, of course, had to be restored to place. It convinced him of the fact on which I insisted in the start, that the turnbuckle would not alter the adjustment of the carriage. Told him I thought he would make better time by moving the roller a bit closer to the cam. This he did not like to. do, ‘ for fear of causing more trouble,’ but took off the trip lever and dressed down the end, which, of course, will serve the purpose. Now you can laugh with me.” Spaceband Cleaning. — J. C. E., Washington, D. C., writes : “ I have been taking care of Linotype machines for upward of nine years, and during that time have found that spacebands are the one thing that require constant care and watching, not on account of gathering metal, but on account of the possibility of loose sleeves. I have found, too, that metal on the bands, or hot metal, is not the only thing that makes hair-lines. The bands may be smooth and clean, yet hair-lines show in the proof. Where I am employed at pres¬ ent there are three machines. They are about six or seven years old, and during this time enough ‘ sorts ’ have been used to run five or six machines. We have had the misfortune to change machinists rather frequently, and each man’s method of cleaning bands varied. Each man said that his method was the best. No. 1 had been using a board over which a piece of cloth was stretched and graphite rubbed well into the cloth. This method gave good results, and the ‘ mats ’ lasted for about three years. This man left, and his place was taken by another. No. 2 claimed this method was harmful, and did away with the board. His directions were to rub flat, and if the little black spot did not disappear, to catch the band by the end and rub the sleeve. In about three weeks hair-lines again appeared. I immediately went back to the method employed by No. 1 and was pleased to observe the disappearance of hair-lines. Then I read in The Inland Printer of a machinist who had discovered a method which seemed superior to any I knew of. He had a board cut in a circular form and screwed to the intermediate shaft; this was covered with a thick layer of felt, into which was rubbed a solution of oil and graphite. The bands were to be held against this revolving wheel. I tried this method and it gave good results, but it did not take off that dark spot or polish the band; just made them slide easy. That set me think¬ ing. So I went in search of information. I proceeded to the evening newspaper office and saw the machinist in charge of that plant and asked him how he cleaned his bands. He very courteously showed me. He used a felt wheel about one-half inch thick and about five or six inches in diameter, mounted on a shaft and run by belted power. This method he assured me gave very satisfactory results and I proceeded to install one in our office. This wheel, when in operation, revolved at the rate of about two thousand revolutions a minute. The bands were to be held against the rim lightly. It caused the dark spot to fade away almost instantly and the rest of the band was rubbed accordingly. Again there was a change of machinist. When No. 3 saw me cleaning the bands on the wheel lie had a fit; said only a blacksmith could think of anything like that. Why, it would wear the bands out, etc. And the wheel was of felt ! Think of that ! He showed me how he wanted it done; rubbed on a board with graphite; rub fiat, then take the band by the end and rub the sleeve. There’s the trouble; when you get the band by one end and rub the other end you put the pressure on the sleeve and in time loosen it from the band. It is impos¬ sible to avoid it by this method. When the sleeve is loose it goes down in the jaws in a line of matrices with the edges about .001 of an inch shy ; out comes the hot metal ; then hair-lines are observed, yet no metal appears on the bands. Once again there was a change, and No; 4 said it was a good idea, and to clean the bands on the wheel. One day the fore¬ man came down and said he did not want the bands cleaned on that wheel. Started on the board again, with the same results as to hair-lines, and I suppose we will go on doing the same thing until some one recognizes the practical value of this idea, the same as a good many machinists that I know who are using the felt wheel.” THE INLAND PRINTER 571 BY E. F. WAGNER. Correspondence relating to this department is respectfully invited from lithographers, lithographic artists, and others inter¬ ested. Individual experiences in any way pertaining to the trade are solicited. Differences of opinion regarding answers given by the editor will receive respectful consideration. Ad¬ dress all samples and letters to The Inland Printer Company, Chicago. Workmen in every branch of the printing and allied trades are requested to file their names, addresses and qualifications on THE INLAND PRINTER’S list of available employes. Reg¬ istration fee, $1. Name remains on list and is sent to all inquirers for three months; privilege of renewal without further charge. Employers are invited to call upon us for competent help for any department. List furnished free. Spec¬ ification blanks on request. Enclose stamp when inquiring for list of available employes. Address, The Inland Printer Company, Chicago. The following list of books is given for the convenience of readers. Orders may be sent to The Inland Printer Company. Photolithography.— George Fritz. $1-75- Grammar of Lithography.— W. D. Richmond. $2. Lithographic Specimens. — Portfolios of specimens in the highest style of the art, published by Joseph Heim. Album Lithographique, part 20, $1.50. American Commercial Specimens, second and third series, $3.50 each. Modern Alphabets, $3.50. As the most useful tool known for assisting the artist, either in sketching, retouching photographs or for making certain color plates on stone, the air brush certainly takes the lead. The lithographic trade has emerged from the recent scrim¬ mage without much loss. There is plenty of work all around, considering that we are facing another imbroglio in Novem¬ ber. A friendly feeling is again existing between all factions in the trade. Registering Color and Embossing Plates. — When making color plates which are to be registered to embossing plates, it is much better to have the offsets made directly from the metal plate than to make the colors first and then let the die-sinker fit his die to the lithographing. The impressions are easily made on the lithograph hand-press and then “ off¬ set” on stone. A New System of Harmony or Contrast of Colors. — The color student will hereafter experience no trouble in making himself acquainted with the positive or negative color values; by a very simple arithmetical system he will be able to add a second or third to a given color no matter how subtle the shade, either for the purpose of obtaining a harmony or a contrast. Time Required to Grain the Lithographic Stone. — “Artist,” Harlem, New York, writes: “Would you kindly tell me through the columns of The Inland Printer how long it should take a man to put a fine grain on a stone about 40 by 60 inches ? ” Answer. — The time required to put a stone of that size in condition for the artist is about two hours, of course, provided the man is a professional stone- .grainer. Tinting of Zinc Plates While Printing. — P. M., Hart¬ ford, Connecticut, writes : “ I have been trying to etch zinc plates with nitric acid and gum, to which I have added gall- apple tincture (50 parts gum, 5 parts nitric and 5 parts gall- apple tincture). The plates, however, catch a tint after pulling a small number of impressions. Have I got the wrong pro¬ portion?” Answer. — The gall-apple tincture is all right, only it should be stronger, and I should advise the addition of phosphoric acid; for instance, 50 parts of dissolved gum arabic, 10 parts of gall-apple decoction and 5 parts of phos¬ phoric acid. For greater strength increase the amount of the phosphoric; for a weaker etch, increase the amount of the gum arabic. The New- Philippines’ Banknote Currency. — The new currency of the Philippine Islands represents $2, $5, $10, $100, $500, $1,000, $5,000 and $10,000 bills. The designs have been gotten up in a very attractive manner, but are much smaller than our money here. The largest amount on any paper now turned out at the Treasury Department is for the four per cent consols of $50,000 each. The average bill in daily circu¬ lation lasts about four years. Nine-hour Day for Lithographers in Austria. — The Austrian Senefelder Association has secured a new scale of wages and hours of labor for its members, according to the Caxton Magazine. Overtime is to be paid extra. The appren¬ ticeship is to be fixed at four years and not more than one apprentice is to be allowed to every three workmen. Condi¬ tions a short time ago in Budapest were such that out of a total of ninety-four lithographers, fifty-eight were apprentices, and out of one hundred and forty-two lithographic printers, sixty-four were apprentices. The place at which Franz Hanfstengl learned his profes¬ sion of lithography was a modest Sunday school, started originally for the purpose of educating such as had not the chance to develop technical education and who frequented its rooms in search of religious training as well. He became so proficient at the age of sixteen years that he was called as assistant instructor at the school, from which some of the most noted men emerged, for, along with the religious features, courses in mathematics and natural sciences developed as far as this knowledge came in contact with the various profes¬ sions, and art finally became one of the leading pursuits at that Sunday school. Brooklyn Camera Club Exhibition. — The work of the members of the above club made a brilliant record this year. For original thought, breadth of conception and masterly execution there was hardly anything to be desired. Among those of the members who distinguished themselves particu¬ larly are William H. Zerbe, Jr., Joseph Bossardet, C. M. Shippman, Edwin O. Torbohm, George D. Klipple and Robert M. Dalgleish. In fact, to mention one would necessitate men¬ tioning all, for the work was exceptionally meritorious throughout. One of the features of the exhibit was the excel¬ lence displayed in framing, which brought out the fine qualities of the pictures in a striking manner. The fifth biennial congress of the International Secretariat of Lithographers, Lithographic Printers, Stone Preparers, Photo-Mechanical Processworkers and other closely allied arts and crafts, will take place in Italy, most probably in Milan, about the end of August. Its membership is growing. The following nations will be represented: Austria, Belgium, Denmark, France, Germany, Great Britain, Holland, Italy, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland and the United States. It is urged that our home associations who have so far been dila¬ tory in making the proper arrangements to combine should do so at once, as the matter submitted must be translated in three languages and sent in by the 30th of June, 1904. The address of the International Secretariat is Amalgamated Lithographic Printers, Mr. G. D. Kelly, J. P., 63 Upper Brook street, Manchester, England. Opening for a Lithographing Establishment. — Mr. W. C. Adams, Oklohama City, Oklahoma, writes : “ Have noticed that the lithographing business is becoming overcrowded in the East. I write this to tell them to come out West where busi¬ ness is not overcrowded. Oklahoma City would make an ideal place for a plant having a large lithograph press and fitted to do fine commercial work. Oklahoma City has thirty-five thou¬ sand people, four railroads, one hundred wholesale houses, 572 THE INLAND PRINTER with ten houses doing a business of over $1,000,000 a year. If a paper-box factory can live, which has a modern plant for making all kinds of boxes, why can not a lithograph house make money? Have done a good business with wholesale houses in the way of designs and it was suggested to me by a local wholesale manager that I write to the leading litho¬ graph journal. I will answer all queries if stamps are inclosed. Write to me or to Secretary Chamber of Commerce, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma.” At the recent exhibition of art lithography in honor of the one hundredth birthday of some of the greatest art lithog¬ raphers, held at Munich, the works of Herrmann Joseph Mitterer, who can be justly named the part discoverer of lithography, as • he was one of Senefelder’s intimate friends, came conspicuously to notice. Among the most honored names of those whose one hundredth birthday was celebrated gum tragacanth, but to no practical avail. The gelatin will not lie flat on account of the shriveling effect of the wet color, yet I have seen it done while in Boston a few years ago.” Answer. — When a gelatin overlay is quickly wanted, ordinary moist water-color is taken, but not too thin. It should be worked as thick as possible, but when there is plenty of time and it is desirable that the gelatin sheets should lie perfectly flat, then oil color is used. It is hardly necessary to mention that the black or brown outline can be done on the right or upper side of the gelatin, but the color surfaces should be painted upon the back or underside of the surface. This insures a brilliant gloss to the color. Crayon Drawings on Glass Plates. — “Etcher,” New York, writes: “I have been experimenting with grained- glass plates, trying to reproduce lithographic effects by etch¬ ing on zinc for the type-press, but it seems to me that the PARAPET, CLIFF HOUSE, SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA. Photo, by P. A. Hachet, San Jose, Cal. was that of Frank Hanfstengl. His portrait-lithography is renowned the world over. It was he who started a litho¬ graphic establishment in 1833, which has been producing uninterruptedly ever since the highest artistic lithography, and the works from his own hand were the most numerous at the exhibition in question. Another great portrait lithog¬ rapher whose work was well represented there was Gottlieb Bodmer. This artist was noted for developing a process on stone which rivaled the technic of copper-plate engraving. Another conspicuous celebrant and artist lithographer was Wilhelm Gail. His specialty was landscape and scenes which he gathered during his travels. All these men were students in the painting school at Munich, and were painters as well as lithographers. Gelatin Overlays. — C. T., Glasgow, Scotland, writes : “ May I ask you for a recipe for mixing the colors when paint¬ ing on gelatin folio, as I have lettering to paint on such material when advertisements are to be shown to customers on elaborate paintings when it is not yet certain that the order has been secured. I have so far tried oxgall in the color and glass plate suffers too much in transparency by the graining. Can you suggest a method or remedy? An optician says balsam will make the glass transparent again, but upon trial I found that this stuff made the crayon flow together and get smudgy.” Answer. — Flow over the well-cleaned glass plate a warm solution of gelatin to which has been added some fine pumice powder. The gelatin must be thin and drying must proceed quickly. This will produce an agreeable surface for drawing upon with crayon or pencil. A much coarser grain can be produced with salt strewn over the gelatin before it is dry. I presume the final manipulation is to print and develop in the usual way. A glass plate, sharply grained, can be covered with a thin layer of balsam, for instance copaiba, and when that is dry it would have no dissolving effect upon the crayon and would leave the plate transparent. Linseed oil, boiled, or varnish, would also do. Printing Two Colors from One Transfer. — L. DeV:, Buffalo, New York, writes: “Will you kindly state upon what principles does the process of printing two colors from one transfer rest? I mean, is the covering of oxalic acid a THE INLAND PRINTER 573 safe proceeding in transferred work when you wish to bring certain parts up again after having printed the transfer with those parts thus covered up by oxalic acid? I was under the impression that oxalic acid would eat away the ink, even transfer ink, on stone. How would this method work on zinc or aluminum?” Answer. — The oxalic acid does eat away any kind of ink, but it will not injure that oleomargarinous limestone which is formed by the combination of the lime of the lithographic stone, the soap and fats in the ink and the resulting chemical changes effected by the acid and gum in the process of etching. This new substance penetrates below the surface, so that even grinding will not eradicate the work, and it is quite possible to bring up again a transfer that has been ground away from the surface of the stone. Therefore, a solution of oxalic acid is rubbed over those parts which are not wanted to appear at the particular time of printing, cover¬ ing them with a glassy coating, so that they will not print. They can then be brought out again, later on, by simply destroying the oxalic coating by a counter etch and subsequent rubbing up. This little lithographic wrinkle, however, can not be employed on metal plates, because the transfer ink does not penetrate the surface of metal, but merely lays on the surface. As a proof of this assertion, compare the appearance of a zinc or aluminum plate after it has been grained off or cleaned from a transfer with that of a lithographic stone. On the latter the ground-out work will be plainly visible and, under certain conditions, can be brought out again as good as it was before the grinding, but on zinc or aluminum, the work, even after washing away with turpentine, is forever gone. The Trimming, Mounting and Framing of Pictures. — For the lithographer, sketch artist, processworker and; in fact, for any on-e connected with pictorial art, a genuine surprise is' in store if he consults the first series, special issue, of the “ American Library Series of the Practical Photographer.” There is presented to the reader a mass of more useful information than was ever gotten between two such unassum¬ ing covers on a subject which is so generally neglected and most always misunderstood — the subject of trimming, mount¬ ing and framing of pictures. We are introduced to a series of four highly artistic pictures representing the work of Alex¬ ander Keighley, F.R.P.S., showing to what artistic heights photography can be brought. The same can be said of the next twenty pictures distributed throughout the book. To show the effect of a mount when a trick or device is employed to add to the effect or meaning of a picture is well enough, but the real value of the book is contained in its exhaustive treatment of the title subject and by the fact that it gives you the experience and demonstration of such specialists as C. H. Herritt in practical instructions about trimming and mounting, with numerous designs. The articles all go into detail without unnecessary verbiage. Each subject is paragraphed with a special title, so that reference is simple. So all through the book, followed up with supplementary “ Hints on Frame¬ making,” by George P. Moon, and various forms of frames, with the closely allied article on “ Practical Introduction to Gilding,” by F. C. Lambert. R. D. Daly concludes the work with “ Maxims for Hanging Pictures.” The subject has cer¬ tainly been consistently and fully treated from an artistic, economical, chemical, mechanical, philosophical, practical and poetic side and from professional and amateur standpoints. The price is 25 cents. Published by the Photo Era Publish¬ ing Company. For sale by The Inland Printer Company. Preparing the Stone for the Albumen Process. — G. H. D., Boston, Massachusetts, writes : “ Could you tell me through the columns of The Inland Printer how I must proceed to reproduce a print (which I have on glass plate) upon a lithographic stone? I am familiar with the rolling-up, only I am in doubt whether the stone is to be first etched before the print is laid on or not. Pages 64 and 65, I believe, are the only places in “ Photo-Lithography ” which refer to this subject.” Anszver. — The stone is to be of a first quality, pure gray, and receive a perfect polish. The words “well dusted” are evidently an error caused by translation, and mean in the original text that the stone should be zvell rubbed off with pumice powder, a precaution resorted to in order to insure thorough cleanliness. Then it should be flowed over with distilled water, in order to insure the even spreading of the sensitive solution which is put on while the stone is still damp from the water. Then the stone is placed on the whirler and rotated until the solution is dry. Care must be taken tb insure a thin film. The printing is then proceeded with, the duration of which depends, of course, on two important factors — clear negative and strength of light. The author states that these conditions being given, he prints two minutes in direct sunlight or five minutes in the shade; by electric light of three thousand candle-power, at a distance of twenty inches, with reflector, twenty-five minutes. When printed, the picture must be faintly visible. Immediately after printing, the stone is coated lyith solution “ B,” put on very evenly and left to dry. After that the stone is placed in a vessel filled with pure water. After about five minutes the places not affected by light dissolve if the stone is rocked. Follow this up with a pad of cotton to clean up the drawing completely. The same now appears a bright violet on a light ground. Continue development, without rubbing too strong; watch the deep shadows so that every detail appears clear and distinct. This done, rinse the stone well under the tap, dry and expose again ; then gum up and allow to settle for some hours. The work can now be rolled up with a stiff ink, dusted with talcum and etched ; or the work can be rubbed up, as in trans¬ ferring, dusted with resin powder and then fused by a flame and etched up very high. Solution “ A ” is strongly sensitive to light and is, of course, used for coating the stone, before printing, in darkroom. Solution “ B ” is used for coating the stone, before developing. Photo-lithography. — An account of “ Photo-lithography ” in the April issue of the Illustrator atid Process Review, by James Yates, shows that when the practical photographer speaks about lithography he is about as well off as when the average lithographer discourses upon matters with which he is not very familiar. We quote: “The main objection to its use commercially (photo-lithography) is the slow speed of the lithographic press and the impossibility of using type directly and by the same impression with lithographic illus¬ trations. But the signs of the times are that both of these difficulties are to be overcome by new mechanical improve¬ ments. . . . Already ^wo large companies have been formed to exploit these improvements, one terming its methods Planograph, the other Lithotype .... but both will need the use of photo-lithography. . . . The apparatus and chemicals are, with one or two exceptions, the same that are in use for photoengraving .... but the transfer printer or maker will logically have to be evolved from the other workers in the photoengraving trade. . . . We will give in the May number such details about transfermaking as to prepare the practical photoengraver for a change in methods, should one become necessary to him.” Now, this talk shows very plainly that the writer has gotten things a little mixed, as far as photo-lithography, Planograph, transferring and their relations to photoengraving are concerned. In justice to the lithographic press it must be said that in many instances 574 THE INLAND PRINTER y be sent to The I “ roll up ” and bring out a clear and lasting transfer for the steam press. We are much afraid that the instructions which Mr. Yates would give the photoengraver would have to be Reducing Glasses, unmounted. 35. cents, rendered in a good lithographic plant under the supervision of Edwat^n^Wilsonf'New^Yc^k. the trick, but he must be brought up in close the peculiarities incident to 1 THE HISTORY OF BABBITT METAL. An erroneous idea appears to prevail in regard tc invention of babbitt metal, says the Metal Industi Isaac Babbitt was the inventor of the method of using soft claim on the alloy itself, ’but simply on die method of holding the soft metal in place. July 26, 1779. He learned the trade of goldsmith, and in 1824, in his native town, made the first britannia ware pro¬ duced in the United States, but this ,fy.f|rprOTld3l0S“a'®£ua $,“d CS1SS! 1 sum of $20,000 as a reward. In 1844 the invention was pat¬ ented in England and in 1847 in Russia. After devoting some time to the production of metals he engaged in the manu¬ facture of soap, so that his name has become almost a house¬ hold word. He died insane at the McLane Asylum, Somerville, Massachusetts, on May 26, 1862. The fact that in the patent specification no claim is made for the alloy is sufficient to dispel the ordinary belief in this etal, pewter, or an alloy of tin, 50 , and copper 1 part are recommended. The latter alloy is l.ne latter alloy is somewnat soiter tnan mat now Known as t0 t^e more complex subject of nature in design, with “genuine babbitt,” which is commonly composed of tin, 96 7ateV°P^ Company^ parts ; antimony, 8 parts, and copper, 4 parts. The original idea / || o ’ T u in the use of a soft metal was practically the same as it is now — i. e„ to make a bearing which would conform to the surface of the axle. It is natural, then, that the alloys used employed. It is also natural that the : should have been handed dowr the alloy, although, of course, An Inland Printer Student. — C. G. Johnson, Eau Claire, Wisconsin, writes : “ I have forwarded a half-tone by this mail and hope you will be able to use it on some page of your July number. I have been a reader of your valued magazine for the past six years and especially the process columns, as 0f I take a particular interest in that line and would not miss a nd single copy of The Inland. The formulae which appear from time to time I find are practical and I keep them on file, so as to be referred to on short notice. Dry-plate photography I with half-tone engraving. The photo- Your magazine is a help America.— 7. W. Sullivan, Editor Unionist, New York city, graph from which the cut was New York. made with a ray filter to produ L I £ THE INLAND PRINTER 575 the clouds, which would largely have been lost otherwise. What little I know about half-tone making I owe largely to The Inland Printer and H. Jenkins’ book on photoengra¬ ving.” Specimens of Three-color Illustrations. — From Carl Hentschel, of London, and the Electro-Tint Company, of Philadelphia, come, simultaneously, specimens of three-color work. Both firms are among the leaders in this class of work, so it is interesting to compare their results. The chief point of contrast is in the greater brilliancy of the Electro-Tint work. This is due to their use of the slit diaphragm. Hentschel, on the other hand, employs only the circular dia¬ phragm and gets excellent results, proving that the slit stop is not essential to three-color work. The etching of the Hentschel plates is admirably done, as is the presswork, though I am not so certain about the color values. One thing can be said with certainty, that if the color-plate makers of quantity of the chemical required. These lead slugs are marked with the name of the chemical and the weight they represent and are a great convenience. In the case of bichro¬ mate of ammonia, a quantity of that is ground fine in a mortar, weighed out into the quantity required and then folded up into papers, just as a druggist does powders, and put away in a box. When a solution is required to be sensi¬ tized one of the powders is taken and dropped in. These simple methods are time and money savers. Half-tone Etching.— E. Klimsch furnishes in his Jahr- buch an article on copper half-tone etching from which the following practical paragraphs are taken, the translation being found in the Process Photo gram: “The sensitizing solution must not be used as soon as made, for the print then easily leaves the plate. It is ready for use after standing three days, and keeps for a month or less, according to the way in which it is stored. A copper half-tone is scarcely ever made VIEW ON THE CHIPPEWA RIVER, EAU CLAIRE, WISCONSIN. Photographed and engraved by Carl G. Johnson. the world could but make color plates like Carl Hentschel, they would change the whole style of illustration, which should in truth be in color. Ready Weights and Measures. — A practice I adopted years ago in making up certain chemical solutions was to make up always the same quantity at a time and then, instead of using a graduate to measure the solutions, use the same bottles every time on a level table and have the height the liquid should be scratched on the side of the bottle. In making collodion, for instance, the height of the alcohol was on one bottle and the height for the ether on the other, then the cotton was always purchased in ounce boxes. The formula was calculated so as to take so many ounces of cotton. This cotton was taken direct from the boxes and stuffed down the neck of the ether bottle and allowed to soak there while the salts were being weighed out and dissolved in the alcohol, after which the alcohol was poured into the ether, the whole shaken and the collodion was made. I noticed the other day that my photographers have done better than that. They have taken Linotype slugs or pieces of lead bases and trimmed and filed them down so that they weigh the exact at a single etching. The reason for this is that only the sur¬ face of the dot is covered with the enamel resist, and hence, after the first etch, the sides of the dot are attacked by the etching fluid. This brings about a general reduction of the total area of the dot, so that while in the etching bath a continuous lightening of the whole image is bound to take place. In the case of originals with not very deep shadows, the necessary printing strength may be frequently obtained in one etching by making a correspondingly darker print. But with prints of deep and modulated shadows this is not pos¬ sible, as the fine white dots in the shadows would be greatly overetched. The rule is that the first etch should be long enough to give the shadows their proper printing strength. If it is seen from the proofs, in spite of sufficient etching of the shadows, that the latter are still too dark compared with the original, the plates can be taken further in the bath until they are sufficiently lightened. If, on the other hand, they are lighter than the original, the etching has obviously been too long and the shadows will have to be burnished to remedy the error. If the plate undergoes a quiet etching, the result is quite different from that in which the etching bath is kept 576 THE INLAND PRINTER in active movement or is brushed over the plate. In the former case, the sideway action of the bath compared with its perpendicular action is much less than the latter, for the movement of the bath or the application of the brush favors the etching of the open dots far more than that of the closed dots of the plate, as the first exposes many more points of attack than the latter. Through this intensified side action a brighter effect is given to all the tones, the etch taking place more slowly in the shadows and more quickly in the high¬ lights.” The Father of Modern Wood Engraving.— Wood engra¬ ving dates back to the thirteenth, fourteenth and fifteenth centuries. It was first used to print playing cards. This pastime coming into disfavor from the church, the engravers turned to engraving pictures of saints. One of the oldest prints from a block of this kind is of St. Christopher, dated 1423. A reproduction of it was printed in this department, on page 577, for July, 1902. By a coincidence, on the same page and month of 1903 was printed another paragraph about early wood engraving to which the reader is referred. Wood engraving fell into bad repute once more and was revived about a century ago by Thomas Bewick, of New Castle, in the north of England. Bewick was born August 12, 1753, and died November 8, 1828, so that just about one hundred years ago he was in his prime. Bewick was a born artist, THE SPANISH POINTER. Engraved by Thomas Bewick for the “ History of Quadrupeds,” 1790. possessing what most successful artists have — a photographic memory. That is, he could look at an animal or bird and so retain the impression the object made on him that later he would draw it as if the object were still before him. At the age of fourteen Bewick was bound as an apprentice to Ralph An engraving by Dr. Alexander Anderson, after his 90th year, copied from Bewick. Beilby, a copperplate engraver. The youth liked the work and succeeded at it. He tells in his memoir that the first job he had was etching designs on sword blades. While serv¬ ing his apprenticeship, a Dr. Charles Hutton wanted some designs engraved for his “ Treatise on Mensuration.” These Bewick tried to engrave on wood instead of on copper and the results were so satisfactory that he worked more and more frequently on wood until he earned the title of “ Father of Modern Wood Engraving.” It was the “ History of Quad¬ rupeds ” and of “ British Birds,” whose illustrations he drew and engraved, that made him famous. Some idea of his style may be gained from the reproductions here shown. Our own Doctor Anderson reengraved almost every block that Bewick did, so that a comparison of Bewick’s original and Anderson’s copy is interesting. The portrait of Bewick is from a rare copperplate. The Largest Photoengraving Establishment. — Carl Hentschel, of London, is the first one to reply to the query in this department as to the number of employes. He writes : “I notice in the April number of your excellent journal that you ask how many hands I employ. I think I may fairly claim to have more hands under my direct control than any other process firm in the world. At the present moment I am employing some four hundred hands, or to be quite exact, 382; but as we are still building further studios, which we hope to have finished in a few months, the present number of our hands will then be increased to four hundred.” Color Illustration Instead of Black and White. — Charles Walsh, of New York, writes: “German pedagogs have been preaching for some time the doctrine that illustra¬ tions in black and white are mere makeshifts, and that especially in educational books they should rarely, if ever, be used. What the German scholars think to-day, the world thinks to-morrow. They tell us, and rightly, that we see in colors, not in black and white, and therefore the child has to adapt his vision to a wrong plane in order to understand the latter. One has only to put black and white pictures and Dr. Alexander Anderson’s Re-engraving of Bewick’s Cut, 1802. THE INLAND PRINTER 577 color pictures before the very little one's to see how quickly they turn to the colored ones and leave the other. We are but children of a larger growth and act precisely in the same way. With the improved mechanical methods, there is no doubt in my mind that the day of the black and white illus¬ tration is rapidly passing away, and that all our books and magazines will in the very near future be illustrated as they should be, in colors alone. The First Half-tone in a Daily Newspaper. — The Youngstown Daily Vindicator devotes a lot of space to The Inland Printer, all over the statement made in the May num¬ ber, in this department, that the Daily Graphic printed the first pure half-tone on March 3, 1880, and the New York Tribune began printing half-tones on January 21, 1897. The claim of the Vindicator to be the first daily paper to print half-tones on a web press was acknowledged at length in this department just four years ago. The Inland Printer of July, 1900, page 527, says : “ I was unaware at the time the above was written that the Vindicator had, nearly four years before (the Trib¬ une) December 26, 1893, used a half-tone on its web per- fecting-press. I am grateful to the Vindicator for calling attention to my error and cheerfully put their achievement on record here, for it was an achievement to attempt such a thing. I was on the New York Herald in 1893, and suggested to Mr. Howland, the business manager, that such a thing might be done. He consulted ‘ Jack ’ Hayes, the foreman of the pressroom, and the latter thought I was crazy to think of such a thing. The Vindicator was fortunate in having the assistance of its printers, for it is to Mr. Charles T. Gaiter, the exceedingly efficient foreman of their pressroom, that the credit is due for carrying out, as early as 1893, such an innovation as the printing of a half-tone on a web press.” Record Half-tone Making. — E. B. Tinsley, of the Tins¬ ley Engraving Company, Louisville, Kentucky, writes : “We respectfully offer speed record on half-tones made in our establishment, May 26, 1904. At 11:30 a.m. we had a tele¬ phone call from the Evening Post, of our city, for a messen¬ ger, who brought copy for three three-column half-tones, sixty lines. Change in screen from eighty-five to sixty was necessary, also, on account of nature of copy, two half-tone negatives were required. Two plates were printed, etched, beveled, proved and delivered at 12 :o8, thirty-eight minutes being consumed in the whole transaction. The Evening Post is located a square and a half from us and at least six minutes was lost in getting copy and sending plates. Nine persons were engaged in turning out this order. If you can tell us of any faster engraving than this, we would appreciate the favor.” Three-color Sensitizers for Collodion Emulsion. — Baron von Hubl, in Das Atelier des Photographens, tells of his success in making collodion emulsion sensitive to red, yellow and green. As is well known, it is already sensitive to violet and blue. The Process Photogram prints a translation from the German of his article, from which the most important facts are here given: “To render collodion emulsion sensi¬ tive to the yellow and red, the ethyl violet of the Badische Aniline and Sodafabrik may be used. It is ideal for the pur¬ pose, as it exercises no bad influence on the keeping prop¬ erties of the emulsion or on its special characteristics, and gives a sensitiveness in the orange which is at least equal to the sensitiveness in the blue. The dyeing of the emulsion doubles its general sensitiveness, and a .plate treated in this way has four times the rapidity of a wet plate. This greater sensitiveness is produced as soon as the plate bearing the dyed emulsion is bathed in water, and disappears for the most' part when the plate is placed in the developer. Ethyl violet is far superior to the older cyanin, which is uncertain in its action. For a green sensitizer, the purple red cyanin prepared by Doctor Konig is recommended. It consists of paratoluchinaldinchinolinmethylcyanin. The sensitizing action of this dye commences in the orange, extending into the yellow and green up to the blue-green. It gives completely clear, strong negatives and is as good a sensitizer for the green as ethyl violet is for the red. The following are the dye solutions recommended : (1) For red sensitizing (10 c. c.)— 170 minims of 1 in 500 ethyl violet solution are added to 35 ounces (1,000 c. c.) of collodion emulsion. (2) For orange-yellow and green sensitizing — 1 ounce, 200 minims (40 c. c.) of 1 in 500 ethyl red solution, or 1 ounce, 200 minims (40 c. c.) of toluchinaldinchinolinmethylcyanin solution, 1 in i,ooo, is used. (3) For sensitizing uniformly for all colors a mixture is made of 1 ounce, 20 minims (30 c. c.) toluchinald- inchinolinmethyl cyanin solution, 1 in 500 and 85 minims (5 c. c.), 1 in 500 ethyl violet solution. After the plate is coated with emulsion containing one of the above dyes, it is bathed in a dish of distilled water until the grease markings disap¬ pear, or rinsed under the tap until the film takes the water evenly. During treatment with water the color sensitiveness appreciably increases, and, therefore, until the plate is safely in the dark slide, the greatest care should be taken as regards illumination of the darkroom. In tri-color work all three exposures may be taken on an emulsion sensitized with No. 3, using a plain glass in place of screen, with the undyed emulsion for the yellow printing plate, a violet green filter for the red printing plate and an orange filter for the blue printing plate. The filters are prepared by any of the numer¬ ous formulae and adjusted by photographing the color chart. After exposures, the negatives are developed, without rinsing them, in glycin, which is best made from the well-known paste diluted with 15 parts of water. Addition of bromid is unnecessary so long as the temperature remains below 65° F. EUROPEAN TYPEFOUNDERS’ TRUST. An immense undertaking, which is destined to revolution¬ ize the German typefoundries and German printing establish¬ ments, was entered into April 1 at the London Board of Trade. The title of the corporation, at the head of which several money magnates are supposed to be, is the Imperial Continental Typefoundry, Limited. The capital is estimated at present to be £1,000,000, but can be increased fivefold. The object of the concern is chiefly to buy up the majority of the stock typefoundries in Germany and the surrounding country, to unite them and have the entire control of them. That they do not intend to continue the business in its present form can be seen from the fact that about sixty Wicks’ rotary casting machines, with a guaranteed production of one hundred thou¬ sand type per day for each machine, have been leased for one year from the new concern, with the right of preemption. It is really thought that, with these machines, inside of a year they can recast the entire lot of type of all the German printeries, which, after careful reckoning, is estimated at 18,360,000 kilograms. This recasting is entirely free of cost; each printery will receive exactly the same quantity of new type which it possessed at first, cast in universal and English style. Therefore, each printery is in duty bound never to buy from any new typefoundry. It is their purpose to secure for themselves for all time this entire branch of the printing industry. This explains the fact that the American type¬ founders’ trust, according to good authority, has interest of seventy-five per cent in the new concern.' — Die Buchdrucker Woche, Berlin, Germany. EDUCATIONALLY HELPFUL. I have been taking The Inland Printer for some time now and never could find but one fault with it, and that is that it has so much in it that I can not learn it all. I thank you for the help I get from your journal and the education it helps all printers to get. — Henry S. French, Foreman North¬ western Printing Company, Loup City, Nebraska. 578 THE INLAND PRINTER Appreciating the need among printers of advice on printing- office accounting and methods of ascertaining cost, THE IN¬ LAND PRINTER has secured the services of Mr. W. H. Roberts, secretary of the Audit Company, of Chicago, whose experience in establishing cost systems in the printing trade and in other lines has been both varied and satisfactory. In this department it is designed to answer questions in this con¬ nection. and so far as possible to show forms, etc., applicable to printing-offices, classified according to the number and the nature of the departments. The co-operation of employing printers is cordially invited, to the end that aid may be given to a better understanding of cost systems in the trade under the direction of a professional accountant. As the difficulties indicated in the following communica¬ tion may be troubling some more of our readers, the answers may prove of general interest. Inland Printer Company, Chicago: In your October number, 1903, you published an article on cost system and bookkeeping system for printers in which was a blank show¬ ing a sheet for the “ Monthly Earnings and Expenses ” and “Resources and Liabilities.” In the items of “ Expenses ” for the month, what should this include? Please give all the items that should enter into this entry. Should it include all the expenses for the month, made up of the rent, heat, light, power, salaries for the proprietors, insurance, taxes, rags, gasoline, stock, ink, interest, depreciation, help account (including all productive and unproductive labor) and, in fact, all the possible items for the conduct of the business that go toward expense? Should the stock and ink be in this item, or does the “ Stock Used ” and “Ink Used” lines cover these items? If these two items, are not included in the regular expenses, but are accounted for in the “ Stock Used ” and “ Ink Used ” spaces, what is done with the stock that is should be accounted? If so, how is the amount used and the amount on hand to be separated? If the stock is accounted for in both places, is it not entered twice as expense? We are using a report similar to this one, taking ours from this copy, but we do not feel just satisfied with the balances, and it looks that the items of stock and ink were entered as expense twice. We keep a stock, ink and expense account in the ledger, and every item of cost toward running the business is entered against all others in the expense account. Our correspondent’s trouble seems to arise from his failure to understand how the items of “ Stock Used ” and “ Ink Used ” are arrived at under the plan published in our October number. “Stock Used” is equal to the amount on hand at the beginning of the month, plus what was bought during the month, less the amount on hand (inventory) at the end of the month. The same is true of “Ink Used.” The item of “ Expense ” is supposed to cover all disbursements for running the business aside from stock, ink, pay-roll, contract work and repairs, arid in a statement like the one in question none of the disbursements under these heads should be included under “ Expense ” — to do so would be double entry with a vengeance. In view of the fact that the plan above referred to is open to several objections, and, besides, is not as fully explained as it should be, we submit the following outline of a system applicable to a shop doing only composi¬ tion and presswork, in the hope that it may assist the above inquirer and perhaps interest others. The forms and books used. are as follows: Ledger — Either bound or loose-leaved as desired, the latter being preferable where there are many accounts with customers or creditors, but should be used only in an office where care and neatness are habitual. There is no more dis¬ astrous combination than a loose-leaf ledger and a careless bookkeeper, unless it be a card ledger in the same bad com¬ pany. Cash Received Book — A single two or three column book, the latter if discounts are given. The first column is used for customers’ payments and other items to be posted direct to ledger, second for cash sales and collections where no charge to ledger account is made, and the third for discounts taken by customers. If, as is usually done, the whole amount of bill is entered in first column, the discount column is treated as though it appeared on the credit side of the Cash Book and the total at end of month is carried to Cash Disbursed Book and from there posted to debit of “ Discount Account.” Cash Disbursed — This is separated from Cash Received for convenience, but they may be combined in one book if desired. It is often much more convenient and economical to have them separate, and it is just as easy to balance cash between two books as between the two sides of one. This book should be especially ruled with headings, as shown in Fig. 1, and if all bills are paid in full at end of each month it will largely do away with the need for keeping ledger accounts with creditors. Manufacturing Journal — See Fig. 2. Purchase Journal — Where the monthly purchases, which must be passed to credit of accounts in the Ledger (owing to inability to settle for them by the end of the month) are numerous, a columnar journal is a distinct advantage over old style journalizing (see Fig. 3). Combined Cost Record Order Book and Job Ticket — Bound and numbered both sides. Fig. 4 shows face of the two former and back of latter, which 'is made detachable by perforation. The face of Job Ticket (not shown) is same as Order Record, and in filling out is folded back upon it, both being written at one opera¬ tion by use of carbon paper, thus leaving an exact copy of the Job Ticket in permanent and accessible shape, while the ticket follows the work. The back of the Job Ticket affords space for notations of various kinds during the progress of the work. The back of the leaf containing Cost Record and Order (see Fig. 5) is used for posting in details of time expended on jobs from daily time tickets, which are filled out by each workman (see Fig. 6). If desired, separate forms of time tickets may be furnished for composing-room and pressroom. The employe need only draw a horizontal line from the time of beginning, putting below it the number of job and kind of work, and drawing another line when kind of work or job is changed. These tickets should form basis of pay-roll, thus insuring the accounting in some way for all time paid for. The central idea involved in the operation of this system is keeping books with departments or separate elements of cost. These are “ Composing-room,” “ Pressroom,” “ Paper ” (stock), “Ink,” “Outside Bills,” “Office and General Ex¬ pense.” To these accounts charges are to be made from Cash Disbursed Book (or through the Purchase Journal if accounts are run with creditors) as follows : Charge “ Composing-room ” with all labor and superin¬ tendence (from pay-roll through Cash Book), a fair propor¬ tion of rent, heat, light, taxes and insurance and depreciation on type and furniture at a liberal figure — at least one per cent per month. Charge “ Pressroom ” in same manner and, in addition to items specified for “Composing-room,” all the power cost, including engineer, fuel and engineroom supplies ; also repairs to presses and power plant. The only exception to this is where a power paper-cutter is used, when a fair percentage of the total power cost should be charged to the “ Paper ” (stock) account. This account should also stand its share of rent, light, heat, taxes and insurance and wages of any one employed in handling and cutting. This account is also to be charged with all purchases of stock, with cost of delivery of same to the shop. “ Ink Account ” is charged with purchases and charges thereon for delivery, and if of sufficient importance to warrant THE INLAND PRINTER 579 CASH DISBURSEMENTS MANUFACTURING JOURNAL CHARGE CREDIT PURCHASE JOURNAL Comp.- Pr< /I POSI NG-ROOP PR ESS R OO N Fig. 5. 580 THE INLAND PRINTER the necessary figuring, should also bear its share of insurance, etc., same as the others. “ Outside Bills ” represents all the items of purchases and outside labor specially ordered for a particular job, except paper. “ Office and General Expense ” covers balance of rent, light, heat, office wages, supplies and sundry disbursements, except repaid loans, dividends or personal drawings of proprietor above fair wages, interest, discount and bad debts or expense in connection therewith. Of course no payment for new machinery or property is to be treated as part of office expense, but such items should be charged to “ Plant Account.” Repairs should be charged to proper department. Having considered how the departments are to be charged, we must now find some way to credit them correspondingly. It is manifestly necessary in considering the cost of a job to include something besides the material used and the labor directly applied, but what and how much has always been a serious and puzzling question. Some arbitrary method of covering this unknown and fluctuating element of cost must be used, and the one which shows the best means for proof and correction as required must be conceded the best. If, having charged the “ Compos¬ ing-room ” as above, we only credit it with direct or pro¬ ductive labor at cost, there would clearly be a large difference between the debit and credit sides of this account, and it is this difference which we must provide for in such a way that it can be applied to each job. In the composing-room it is sometimes impracticable to distribute matter as soon as the job is billed out, so that in such cases an estimate of time required for distribution is noted by the foreman on back of job ticket and the value of it is put in the cost column to which the total actual cost of compositors’ time has been posted. To the sum of these two an arbitrary percentage is added and the whole extended in the second column (see Fig. 4). This arbitrary rate may vary from thirty-five to fifty per cent. In the same way the pressroom labor cost is increased by an arbitrary of from forty to sixty per cent to cover indirect or unproductive labor, superintendence and expenses of this department. The figure necessary in the pressroom will prob¬ ably surprise most printers who have been estimating press costs as so much per hour or per thousand impressions. Paper is extended at cost and an arbitrary of from two to ten per cent added for handling, cutting, etc. Ink is extended flat; usually on small jobs the pressman or foreman can estimate closely the value of ink used, but on large runs or where costly inks are used they should be carefully weighed when issued to pressman and when returned weights and' kind noted on back of job ticket and extended when costs are made up in the office. Care must be taken to enter in cost column all “ Outside Bills ” incurred, so that aggregate may balance with amount of such bills charged to that account. A footing of all the foregoing items in cost column is now made and another arbitrary of say ten per cent is added to cover office expenses and then gain added or loss deducted to produce the price at which the job is billed. Having carefully extended costs and gains or losses on all jobs -finished during the month, the figures from “Cost” column are extended under corresponding headings in the Manufacturing Journal (Fig. 2), and customers charged amount of bill. If correctly done, the footing of first three columns taken together will balance the combined footings of all the others. If all the jobs in the house could be finished at once on the last day of the month, the footings of the department columns of the Manufacturing Journal might properly be posted to the department accounts in the ledger, but there is always the item of unfinished work to be considered. Take a separate sheet of the Manufacturing Journal for convenience and on it make a list or inventory of all the unfinished jobs, extending in the various columns under the heading of “ Credits ” all the costs for labor and material which have been put into the jobs as shown by time tickets entered on back of Order Record, paper and ink used, outside bills paid (or journalized) during the month, and in so doing p. R. Nam O. K . THE STATESMAN CO. . Dept. Daily Report . 190.... Kind of Work. TIME JOB No. apply and include extension of same arbitraries as have been used during the month on finished jobs. In doing this do not enter the figures on the Cost Record, as they would have to be corrected when jobs were finally finished, but make extension on inventory list direct. Foot all credit columns of your inventory of unfinished jobs when complete and copy footing on to Manufacturing Journal, following the last finished job, being careful to put in the “ Sundry Debit ” column an amount equal to the foot¬ ing of all the “ Inventory ” columns. This latter amount is posted to debit of “ Unfinished Work ” account in Ledger. Now add Manufacturing Journal columns. Next deduct from “Credit” columns of Manufacturing Journal the amounts shown as inventory of unfinished work THE INLAND PRINTER 581 INDORSES JOB COMPOSITION DEPARTMENT. Pleases send us The Inland Printer, starting with the April issue. We need it in our business, as does any printer that tries to be up-to-date. Allow us to indorse your Job Composition Department. We would rather have the advice of one good man than the opinion of half a dozen indifferently good ones. The writer has learned more since the change in that department about job composition than he did in a couple of previous years’ issues combined. — F. R. McDade, Tribune Printing and Publishing Company, Waverly, Minnesota. the month before, putting aggregate in “ Sundry ” column and posting it to credit of “Unfinished Work” account in Ledger. The remaining figures in the “ Credit ” columns of Manu¬ facturing Journal show net production for the month, and these figures are to be posted to credit of the several depart¬ ment accounts. If the arbitraries used are exactly right, the debits and credits in the department -accounts (except paper and ink) will be equal. If, as is likely, the debits are greater, then the arbitraries used were too small and a little arithmetic will show what rate should have been used. In this case the gains on jobs are too great by as much as the debits of department accounts exceed the credits. The “ Paper ” and “ Ink ” accounts are exceptions to this rule, as they should at all times show a debit balance equal to the value of all unused material on hand, and the correctness of this balance should be proved by an actual inventory each month, at least until the system is in full operation. The “ Outside Bills ” account should always balance ■ exactly, and will do so if all the bills of this kind paid or entered on Purchase Journal during the month are also entered on Cost Record, and so included in the Manufactur¬ ing Journal footings. If the difference in any account having an arbitrary is small, it is better not to change the rate till further experi¬ ence shows it to be necessary, since a certain amount of variation from month to month is unavoidable. Any unusual variation should be a signal to look for a leak, and should never be disregarded. An interesting table may be prepared showing for each three months the arbitraries used in each department and the rates which, if used, would bring a balance of debits and credits. This will be, in fact, a barometric record of the business. It will be noticed that bad debts and ex¬ penses incident thereto, interest on borrowed money and on money invested, are not con¬ sidered. None of these items have anything to do with cost of production, but should be charged to “ Profit and Loss Account,” to which “Loss and Gain” on jobs should also be closed whenever books are closed, usually at end of each year. It is manifestly impossible within the limits of a single article to answer in advance all the questions which perusal of the foregoing might suggest, and it will be a help to this department and to interested readers if they will ask questions, which we can promise will be fully and promptly answered in this column. Suggestions along the lines of ascertaining cost are also invited. A LADY TYPO HONORED. For the first time in its history, Columbia Typographical Union, No. ioi, of Washington, D. C., has selected a woman delegate to the next convention of the International Typo¬ graphical Union. Miss Anna C. Wilson, the honored lady, is the first of her sex in Columbia Union to brave a canvass, and her success is due to the determined efforts of herself and friends. Three other delegates were elected, only one of whom received a greater number of votes. Miss Wilson was born in Tuscola, Illinois. She spent her apprenticeship in the office of the Tuscola Review, owned by her brother. She joined the Chicago Union about twelve years ago, and later operated a typesetting machine on the St. Paul Dispatch. Coming to Washington in 1898, she soon obtained a situation in the Specification Division of the Government Printing- office, where she is now employed. She is sergeant-at-arms of the Woman’s Auxiliary to Columbia Union, and has been honored in other ways. The woman members of Columbia Union annually pay into its treasury $700. It is not altogether gallantry, therefore, that prompted so many to favor Miss Wilson, but a gracious spirit of fairness and an admiration for her plucky canvass, as well. Miss Wilson is an attractive, womanly woman, whose presence in the convention will redound to the credit of Columbia Union. _ COMES FIRST. When I have money I buy The Inland Printer. When I have more money I buy a meal ticket.— Arthur Canary, Ithaca, New York. 582 THE INLAND PRINTER BY DANIEL C. SHELLEY. "Secretaries and members of local Typothetae and other organizations of employing printers are requested to send news of interest to employers for publication in this department. Matters concerning wage and labor disputes and settlements are especially desired. Contributions and news items may be addressed to Daniel C. Shelley, Secretary Chicago Typothetae. 942 Monadnock building, Chicago, or to the Editor of The Inland Printer. A Typothetae has been organized at El Paso, Texas. The Detroit Bookbinders’ Union and their employers have settled a difficulty that six weeks ago promised’ strained rela¬ tions if not a disastrous strike. The strike of Louisville Typographical Union to enforce an advanced wage scale for book and job men and the eight- hour day has gone into history with a defeat for the union. The struck offices are running with a full complement of men. Quincy, Illinois, and Madison, Wisconsin, employing printers want to organize and will no doubt have their desires realized in a short time. A board of trade is a thing of the near future for Louisville, inasmuch as the employers there are determined to have it. Here are some of the demands recently made by the Franklin Association of Pressmen’s Assistants, of New York city, the feeders’ branch of the I. P. P. and A. U. : Sixteen dollars a week for feeders of cylinder presses; five nights of nine hours each to constitute the week for feeders employed on night shifts; if a feeder works any part of the week as an extra, he is to receive a full week’s pay. Obviously the New York Typothetse would not concede, these demands and the matter has gone to arbitration. There are some instances of long service in the well-estab¬ lished printing-houses of Great Britain. In the London estab¬ lishment of Messrs. Eyre & Spottiswoode, the King’s printers, there are records that, it is believed, eclipse any in the print¬ ing trade. Taking the staff of management, compositors, readers, machine-minders and pressmen only, 209 men have records of more than twenty years’ service. Of these, 131 men have records of thirty years, fifty-seven of more than forty years and twenty-two of more than fifty years. In addition to these, several have retired on pensions after lengthy service, while one compositor has actually occupied the same frame in the same room for fifty-nine years. In the May number of the Typographical Journal, under the heading “ The Boston Strike,” a correspondent wrote : Boston Union has just gone through the folly of a hunt for a shadow and spent its substance in the chase and did not even get near the shadow, as the following facts will explain: The union has for the past seventeen months paid in dues a sum total equivalent to about $50,000, and to-day there is remaining the insignificant sum of about $2,000 out of the sum total. The major portion, or to be exact, about $35,000, was spent in an attempt to obtain for the members employed in the book and job trade a net increase of about $20,000 in a year — certainly a credit¬ able performance for an intelligent class of workingmen, from a financial standpoint. Of the foregoing amount of. money, practically thrown away, at least $20,000 of it could have been saved to the union and $16,000 to the membership at large if the members who so strenuously object to paying for their negligence and the folly of some of their brothers would but take the trouble and a sufficient interest to attend the meetings and express their opinions, or uphold the opinions of those who are able and willing to express views that meet, or come near meeting, their views and interests and the best interests of the organic body. There is truth and wisdom in every word of the above. It is a pity that in the year past so many good • and thriving unions have spent their substance in chasing shadows. The bookbinders’ unions of Chicago are mourning the wasting of their substance in the chase for the enforcement of recogni¬ tion of a mushroom bindery women’s union, which was, at best, nothing but the shadow of a union. At the regular monthly meeting of the Chicago Typothetse, held June 14, the following was adopted: Death has been unrelenting in its attacks on the membership of the Chicago Typothetse during the past year. It has deprived the organi¬ zation of its oldest, dearest and best members. It has taken from us some of our ablest advisers, wisest counsellors and stanchest supporters. Since the last meeting of the Typothetse, death has laid its heavy hand on Andrew McNally, charter member of the organization, past president of the United Typothetse, nestor of our craft, master printer of master printers. It has created an eternal vacancy in our ranks and left a void that never can be filled. Practical, thorough and receptive of new ideas in the business which was his life work, Andrew McNally carved out of this craft of ours a fame and a fortune that are monuments to his industry, honesty and capacity. His was a career that may be emulated with profit by young and old alike. He began life a printer and remained a printer to the end. Eminently practical in business affairs, he was also a finely culti¬ vated gentleman, and rarely indeed are force, enterprise and wisdom found associated in one character with so much amiability, patience and sympathy. He was a pioneer citizen of Chicago as well as a pioneer member of our organization, and as citizen and Typothetae member he will be sincerely mourned by all who had the honor and the pleasure of knowing him, for to know him was to love him. As a mark of respect to his memory the Secretary is instructed to inscribe the foregoing tribute on the minutes of the Typothetae and to transmit copies of the same to his family and business associates. Massachusetts maintains a Bureau of Labor Statistics as a State institution which furnishes valuable information. It covers the whole range of industrial activity in that good old New England commonwealth. Here is an extract from the May bulletin issued by the bureau, which must prove of benefit to those who are engaged in printing and publishing in the Eastern States : Printing and Publishing. — There is very little difference in the volume of business in the market between this spring and that of 1903. Job printing is fully as active, but some establishments report that they are not so much behind their orders, although they are quite as busy as they were last spring. The opinion was frequently expressed that the strike of last February delayed work so that the rush now is the result of an effort to catch up. Establishments making a specialty of very fine work report more orders than last year, with a large amount of special work on which no bidding is required. The past winter’s business was also satisfactory. Generally speaking, there is not quite so much book printing in the market as there was last spring, but the amount is far ahead of the fall. Establishments engaged on special and large edition printing are fully as busy as they were last spring, but there is not so much work in the market this year, and they feel that the run will be completed earlier than usual. The trade, as a whole, complains of the difficulty of successfully conducting business in Boston, with its high rates of wages, in competition with out-of-town establishments with their lower wage scale. The owner of one plant states that he did the largest business and made the least money last year of any of the forty-four years that he had been in the trade, and all on account of the small margin in the work. Establishments are generally running full time, and from three-quarters up to full capacity. Wages are the same as those prevailing last fall, except in the case of compositors (hand com¬ positors on piece work and time work and also machine operators), whose wages were advanced after a strike lasting six weeks. The cost of stock averages about the same, with a tendency to stiffen on newspaper. Charges for presswork are about the same as at date of last report, but are a little higher for composition, with a hardening tendency all around. Collections are fairly good. At the annual meeting and dinner of the Boston Typothetse an address * was delivered by Louis D. Brandies on “ The Employer and Trades Unions.” It was a thoughtful, rea¬ sonable statement of facts from which the following extract is taken : The right of labor to organize is recognized by law, and should be fully recognized by employers. There will be in most trades little prob¬ ability of attaining the best conceivable conditions unless in some form a union of the employes exists. It is no answer to this proposition to point to instances of trade-union excesses and of the disasters which attended them. We believe in democracy despite the excesses of the French Revolution. Nor are claims of the trades unions disproved by pointing to the instances where the best results have been attained in employers act upon the spirit or the hint of union demands, instead of waiting to have them enforced. “ A word to the wise is sufficient.” The THE INLAND PRINTER 583 steps in advance have been taken often for the express purpose of pre¬ venting trades-unionism from finding a lodgment, often, unconsciously, as a result merely of the enlightenment which comes with the necessary thinking that trades-union agitation compels. Such successful businesses are, indeed, the greatest triumphs of unionism; and their marked success is due in large part to the fact that they have had all the advantages of unionism without having to bear the' disadvantages which in their imper- in our righteous indignation against certain abuses of particular union¬ ists. Most people admit the immense service which the labor unions have rendered to the community during the last twenty-five years in raising of wages, shortening of the hours of labor, bettering of conditions under which labor is performed, and protecting women and children from render in the future are even greater than they have been in the past. The employer needs them “to stay him from the fall of vanity”; the employes need them for their own protection; the community needs them to raise the level of the citizen. A wise king of ancient times is credited with having said that there was no end to the making of books. If this wise king were on earth to-day he would, no doubt, say there is no end to the making of magazines. All of which make much more work for the printer, the pressman and the paper- maker. A man who counts his printing-plant employes by the hundred and whose work-shops and home are in a large Western city, believes that some large Western printing center like Chicago is going to divide with New York city the mechanical work connected with the production of the mil¬ lions of magazines turned out each month of the future. He contends that the Federal Government will soon realize that it is unnecessary to transport from New York city to the West the thousands of tons of publications that go into the hands and homes of Western readers. This master printer claims that the big magazines will soon be forced to establish press¬ rooms and binderies in Chicago, to which the plates will be shipped from New York, and where the copies of publications necessary to meet the requirements of Western subscribers will be printed, while the Eastern circulation will be printed in New York city. As he outlines the plan he would have the editorial work, art work, composition and platemaking done in New York city, as at present. Sets of plates would be made for the New York and Chicago mechanical plants. The paper needed for the Chicago allotment of circulation could be secured from the mills near by Chicago, and the same close- to-home paper-buying plan pursued with the New York allotment of circulation. Presswork and binding could be done simultaneously in New York and Chicago, and on publication day each territory could be supplied direct from its own printing center. This plan would obviate the necessity, as at present, of the long haul each month by express or mail of tons of printed matter on which presswork, binding and mailing can be done just as well in Chicago as in New York city. The decision of the Illinois Appellate Court, in which “ closed-shop ” contracts are held to be illegal, has caused no end of comment in labor circles and among the employing class. The decision . was the outgrowth of a resort to the courts in the Kellogg Switchboard Company strike of last summer in Chicago. The purpose of the strikers was to enforce the “ closed shop,” and this was resisted by the Kel¬ logg concern. Commenting on the decision a prominent lawyer said : If such a contract is entered into, it is illegal and under the decision of the Appellate Court constitutes a criminal conspiracy, to which not only the union but the employer becomes a party and for which not only the employe but the employer is subject to fine nr imprisonment in the penitentiary, or both, under our criminal statutes. There are a vast number of manufacturing concerns in this State that have written con¬ tracts with labor unions which prohibit the employment of non-union labor. Under this decision of the Appellate Court many hundreds, if not thousands, of employers, as well as many thousands of employes, have thus deliberately become parties to a criminal conspiracy of which the contracts furnish the written and unanswerable proof. Where such arrangements exist the crime can not be wiped out by the cancellation of the contracts, but a continued recognition of the binding force of such contracts, in the light of the recent decision of the Appellate Court, may create trouble of a kind little dreamed of by those who have per¬ mitted themselves to be forced or lulled into them. The fact that laborers have the right to refuse to work for a man who does not employ union labor, or in order to better their condition or advance their wages, does not authorize the making of a contract under which the employer. is compelled to employ only union labor and to discharge non¬ union labor. The rights of. the employer and employe are, and should be, synonymous, but employes can not, by combination or union, with¬ out committing the crime of conspiracy, force employers to agree to employ only union labor. When employers do become parties to such an agreement they are equally guilty of conspiracy. The opinion of the Appellate Court should be studied at once by every employer of labor in this State, and when the employer awakes to the situation that he is a party to a criminal conspiracy the floodgates will open and non-union labor will, I think, receive the protection that all of the injunctions and processes of the courts have heretofore been unable to give it. However forbidding the decision may appear, “ closed shop ” contracts will be made with unions, the finding of the court to the contrary notwithstanding. The case will be appealed to the Illinois Supreme Court, and, perhaps, on to the United States Supreme Court to secure a ruling from the tribunal of last resort on the vexed question of the “ closed shop ” contract. Chicago, which has been the seat and center of printing- trades labor troubles, is emerging from turmoil, and a ray of hope is held out of industrial peace. For two months the binders’ unions were at war with their employers. The trouble began over an effort to enforce recognition of a union of bindery women. The employers would not consent to recog¬ nition. The result was a strike in which the unions have fared very badly. Two of the largest edition shops and a score of blank-book houses have been lost to the unions. The men gained their demands in a half-dozen edition houses, but were forced to return to work in a number of blank-book shops on conditions submitted by the Typothetse. The effort to involve the printers and pressmen in the strikes failed. The pressmen would have nothing to do with it from the start, and the printers at a meeting on June 12 decided not to go out sympathetically with the binders. Before reaching that decision, the printers called President Lynch, of the Inter¬ national Typographical Union, to Chicago. That officer investi¬ gated the situation thoroughly. He held conferences with the officers of the Chicago Typothetae at which there was a candid discussion of the situation and the causes which led up to the troubles. The result was salutary, inasmuch as the employers were in a position to prove that the striking binders brought all their troubles on themselves. Misrepresentation of facts by designing leaders of the binders’ unions had much — -if not all — to do with the losses the unions have sustained. If the plain, uncolored truth had been told to the men at the start, trouble could have been avoided. Concerning misrepresentation, and the troubles it leads to, none who know the facts can fail to feel regret that the person who wrote from Chicago, under the signature “ G. J. K.” in the Typographical Journal of June, did not fortify himself with facts before he plunged his pen into the ink pot of misrepre¬ sentation. Inaccuracies such as he indulges in retard the work of the men who try to establish peace between employer and employe on a basis of fairness and justice. This is not the first “ call down ” administered to “ G. J. K.,” whoever he may be. He is rebuked for inaccuracy by a member of his own union in the same issue of the Typographical Journal in which he misrepresented the facts in connection with the Chicago bindery troubles. That there is need for a more thorough training of apprentice printers than can be obtained in the ordinary com¬ posing-room is becoming more obvious to the employing printers of the country. While it must be admitted that the thorough printer can never be made unless he has the actual and varied experience that can be obtained only in the com¬ posing-room, it also must be admitted that a course in a well- conducted technical school will give the necessary finishing touches that are required to make of the apprentice the 584 THE INLAND PRINTER thorough printer that he must be if he hopes to reach the highest round in the ladder of his chosen art. The United Typothetae of America, through its national officers, will very likely take some action toward establishing technical schools in the printing trades. The Pittsburg Typothetae is already deeply interested in a movement to establish a print¬ ing technical school in connection with the Carnegie Institute, at which a thorough course of instruction will be given in all the branches of the business, from learning the boxes to managing great printing establishments. It has been sug¬ gested that four technical schools be established in four sec¬ tions of the country, part of the cost of maintaining them to be borne by the United Typothetae, the schools to be a part of the manual training system of the public schools. It is held by some large employers that the only place in which to make a thorough printer is in the composing-room; that the aspiring boy can pick out no better training ground than the workrooms where he may observe and practice the methods pursued by the old and finished craftsmen. While there is strong founda¬ tion for that declaration, there is no use in denying that a finishing course will, in almost every instance, prove a vast advantage to the tyro at the trade, and none will suffer if they do not all gain a benefit. The technical school gives the finish, balance and confidence that will enable those who have had its benefits to pass those who have not in the race for advance¬ ment and increased, responsibility and salary. It will train the youth to take up the executive burdens of the large printing-house, and there are none in the employing class to-day who do not bemoan the lack of men equipped for the positions of foremen or superintendents. Such institutions as the Inland Printer Technical School are proving every day the benefits of a post-graduate course in the printing art, and their graduates find employment in the biggest and best houses at the highest wages. The only force that would have to be reckoned with if the technical school plans are carried out to the required fulness, would be possible oppo¬ sition of the unions, but it is believed that that force would be brought to a realization of the fact that even though a youth had no training at the trade except such as was acquired in a technical school, he nevertheless should have the privi¬ leges of union membership. The test should be his qualifica¬ tions as a printer or pressman, not the place or . manner in which he qualified. AN INTERESTING SERIES OF LECTURES. The first three of the series of lectures delivered under the auspices of Chicago Typographical Union, No. 16, have been reprinted by The Inland Printer Company and are now ready for distribution. The subjects embraced are “ General Work,” by W. W. Clark; “Commercial Work,” by E. D. Berry, and “ Stonework,” by C. M. Butler. These comprise a pamphlet of fifty-six pages and constitute a valuable monograph for apprentices and journeymen. In order that it may be placed in the hands of all ambitious printers, the price has been fixed at the low figure of 25 cents for the three lectures. The sub¬ jects are fully illustrated and the topics discussed in the most lucid manner. Orders can be sent to Chicago Typographical Union, No. 16, or to The Inland Printer Company, Chicago. POETRY EVERYWHERE. A poet was talking to an editor in the latter’s office. “ There’s poetry in everything,” observed the poet. “ You’re right,” replied the editor. “ For instance, there’s a stove full of it.” — Exchange. READ FROM COVER TO COVER. I read every issue from “kiver to kiver” and never fail to discover a world of merit therein. — Sam T. Harris, Jr., Lamar, Missouri. LECTURES FOR APPRENTICES. HE fourth in the series of lectures for apprentices, given by Typographical Union No. 16, was delivered by H. F. Harrison, his subject being “Labor-saving Devices.” Mr. Harrison is an all-round printer, having served his apprenticeship in a country newspaper and job office, then going to Buffalo, New York, for a few finishing touches. In the early eighties he “ toured ” the Pacific coast and Sound country, working in all kinds of shops at anything from a pressman and compositor to assistant editor, collector and solicitor. He has worked in nearly all the large cities from coast to coast and from the lakes to the Gulf. He landed in Chicago in 1888 and has been here since, working in various job offices. For the last five years he has been with the Blakely Printing Company and has made stonework, or imposition, his specialty. Mr. Harrison’s lecture follows : “ Those of us who passed through the apprenticeship state twenty or twenty-five years ago and are in the habit of giving to the apprentice a piece of work and telling him to do this or that, forget to tell him or explain to him the little details and principles which to us have become second nature. The first- class, all-round printer knows at once what is wrong, but never gives a second thought as to how he knows. He has acquired his knowledge by experience and experiment, and when the apprentice goes wrong the journeyman knows at once what is the matter, but seldom stops to explain the , why and wherefore, but simply says, ‘ Do this and you will be all right.’ “To learn the printing business thoroughly from start to finish takes a lifetime, for the best of us learn something new nearly every day. To be able to express in a clear and con¬ cise way what one knows, to one who does not know, is usually the work of the teacher — one drilled in that especial line — ‘ a specialist,’ if you please. “ The three lectures already given, which were merely a preliminary to more advanced things, consisted of addresses on ‘ General Work,’ ‘ Commercial Job Composition ’ and ‘ Stonework.’ These three practically cover the field, but all Fig. 1. of us who attended these lectures readily see the impossibility of covering even a branch of any one of these subjects in a single lecture. “ To start with, we must go to the beginning of an appren¬ tice’s career in the office. Labor-saving devices need not necessarily mean mechanical devices, but any means by which time is saved and efficient work accomplished. A boy is usually put to sorting leads and slugs on his first days, and right here is where not only time but material is often greatly wasted by the compositors and stonemen. In a great many offices, in dropping forms, the loose leads, slugs and rules are shoved on a galley and thrown on the deadstone, to be shoved H. F. HARRISON. THE INLAND PRINTER 585 and pushed around, until bent out of shape and in many cases unfit for future use. “ It takes but very little time when a form is dropped to gather the leads up and put them on edge on a galley ready for sorting. This is the first form of saving labor and material ; and another thing — a warning to the boys — in handling metal furniture many a piece of furniture is made unfit for use by throwing on a stone or in a box ; the corners are flattened or a dent put in which has to be filed or scraped off. “ From the leads and slugs a boy usually goes to the galley which has certainly been a labor-saver. Why the foundries did not adopt a system of face alignment at the same time is one of the mysteries which will remain unsolved, but it took nearly a decade for them to realize this necessity; and now, not only can we use the quads, spaces and type from one foundry on the same line with type from another foundry, but we can also use a line, or part of a line, of one series or font and a word or more from another series, and know that they will line upon the bottom, and in this we have the new ‘ lining ’ system, which is another time-saver. press, where, in a few days, he is capable of taking a readable proof; but how often is it he fails to properly wash his galley of type and the ink hardens on the face; or, if the cuts have been inserted, it fills the interstices between lines, and when it goes to press, the pressman has to give it a good washing in order to get a clear impression. “ From the galley press he goes to the case, where he sets a few reprint jobs. Here he comes in contact with the new labor-saving devices; that is, new to us old printers, who learned to set type in the days when every foundry had its own system of measurement, and types of the same size body would not justify with the quads, rules and leads or with type from another establishment. Fig. 3. “ In those days, to set a date-line in pica type meant, when you put in your date rule, to put a nonpariel, lead and card above and a card and lead, more or less, below, in order to get it to lift and align properly. “Then came the system known as the ‘point system,’ a system of universal measurement adopted by the foundries in an endeavor to cast a uniform, interchangeable size body. This was hailed with delight by the compositor, and it was not long before nearly every office in the country had dis¬ carded the old system of type and adopted the ‘ point system,’ “ From this we go to the labor-saving lead and slug and rule cases, where everything is cut to a standard size, and the lead-cutter is going out of use in the well-regulated compos¬ ing-room — catalogue and magazine ads. being about the only place where odd sizes are used, and then only to get close to a cut. “ It now remains for the electrotypers to adopt a system of point measurement in making and mounting electrotypes and half-tones. When this is done the tedious task of justi¬ fying cuts will be satisfactorily settled and hours of valuable time will be saved in every print-shop where cuts are used. Fig. 4. “At the case, the boy finds use for many labor-saving devices, first of all being the stick. There are a number of good labor-saving sticks on the market, an illustration of one of which I will give you '(Fig. 1). It can be changed from one position to another immediately and accurately without any trouble, and without having to run to the rule or slug rack to get a size, being accurately marked off in nonpareils and picas, as shown, and when once set can not slip. Every jobber should have his own sticks in different lengths, and 586 THE INLAND PRINTER in this way save time and trouble in a hunt for a stick when he changes from one size job to another. “After the stick comes the composing and make-up rules, cut- accurately and which are time-savers. We all know what a nuisance it is to have a rule a nonpareil, or even the thick¬ ness of a space, too short. “There has been but little change for years in the lay of the news case. A number of efforts have been made at dif¬ ferent times to introduce a labor-saving layout, but for some reason they have not met with universal success. “ In Fig. 2 is shown the dustproof cabinet with the tilting brackets for cases. These are about as handy devices, cabinet frame and dump combined, as the modern job office can put in. “Next comes casting-up your copy; and let me tell you, boys, here is the key to the whole problem of setting a job. In these days of system, a ticket usually accompanies every job, which gives you full instructions. You know the size of Fig. 5. your type-page, the size of your stock, but, unless otherwise specified, it is up to you to determine the size of your display and the size of body type to be used. Many printers will tell you that they always set their display and put the solid matter in what space is left. Well, that is one way, but not alto¬ gether the best, for if you do that, many times you will have to_ draw up or reset some of your display lines, in order to get your solid matter in, and your job loses its balance or good appearance, for in a job where display and solid are used, your solid very often has as much to do with the appearance or ‘set-off’ of your job as the display. “If your copy is for a small job, such as a letter-head, card or circular, having determined the length of leads, etc., neces¬ sary, next, before going to the lead and slug rack, determine about how many leads and slugs you will need for the job and then get them, a few more perhaps than is necessary, but do not take to your frame all there are in the case, because it litters up your galley and frame, and then, you know, some one else may wish to use a few. “After sizing up your job, if you are not sure how much the solid matter or text is going to make, set your stick and set about four or five lines and see how many lines of copy it takes up in the type you have selected. Average the num¬ ber of lines of copy it takes to make a line in your stick, count all the lines on a page of your copy, multiply by num¬ ber of pages, then divide the whole by the number of lines necessary to make a line of type, and you have the number of lines it will make when set. This will save the time of having to reset because you used too large a body letter. Fig. 6. “Right here let me say a word on that good old subject ‘justification.’ Possibly speed is as essential as anything in the trade, and style is also a necessity, but justification ! How many stonemen have cursed their lives away and spent hours of time in making forms lift? They are legion. If a boy has his'own form or job to lock up, he can hide poor work, but if the work goes to a regular lockup or stoneman, he hears from it. In setting a line, always bear in mind that it has to be properly justified somewhere, and that it saves time to do it in the stick and not on the stone in a form. “ Now, a few words on locking up forms and the many labor-saving devices in use for facilitating this class of work. First,- we will take Fig 3. Here is a form locked up for a 1 job press. After putting the page or pages on the stone and j Fic. placing a chase around it, put in the quoins necessary, then take your ruler and measure your space — top, bottom and sides — and determine the length and width of furniture you need and put it in. Do not glance at it and go to your furni- THE INLAND PRINTER 587 ture cabinet or drawer and bring a miscellaneous assortment to the stone, and, consequently, have half of it to clear away. In Fig. 4 is shown a patent device which probably would be all right on envelope corners, cards, etc., but there is hardly enough bearing on all sides for a heavy form or long run. “ Labor-saving furniture cabinets and • steel combination furniture for blanking out space are familiar to most of you. There are a number of different kinds of this combination Fig. 9. furniture, and the only thing I have to find fault with is that most firms do not realize what a time-saver it is and do not have enough of it. Fig. 5 shows one way in which it can be used to good advantage. With plenty of accurately cut wood and steel furniture the matter of dressing up forms of any kind and size is an easy matter. “ In the following illustrations are shown the later improve¬ ments for use with electrotype plates. Fig. 6 shows the common block in use in nearly every office. Fig. 7 is an improvement; it shows the catches extending into the mar¬ gin, which allows a wider plate to be used than on the same size block of the other styles shown. Fig. 8 is made of steel and has catches or hooks on all sides and is lined to picas, as shown. This is a handy block for colorwork. “ Fig. 9 is a combination steel block, and can be made up in numerous sizes. The advantage of a steel block or base is in the fact that there is no give or spring to it, and, conse¬ quently, there is a saving of time in the make-ready on the press. This block is the invention of one of the members of No. 16, and a man recognized as a first-class stoneman. He, like many of us, found there was no one block or scheme which would answer all purposes, and so has introduced this block and is meeting with considerable success. “ Enough can not be said about the range of usefulness of the combination blocks and bases, for with these an office can figure on using any size plate or combination of odd sizes without the necessity of having them mounted at the foundry or else buying new patent blocks to fit the job. Fig. 10 shows how this block or base can be used on odd-size work in large forms. “ Fig. 1 1 shows an iron or steel base which is grooved for the reception of a nut. Catches are placed where necessary along the plates, and a screw inserted and screwed into the nut, which is shoved up the groove to the proper position. These bases are made in different sizes. “ If time and space permitted, we might take up many other labor-saving devices, notably the Linotype and typecasting machines. At some future time these time-savers and the best manner in handling their product will be described.” STEREOPTICON LANTERN SLIDES. The Inland Printer Company has secured from Chicago Typographical Union, No. 16, control of the stereopticon lan¬ tern slides used in connection with the “ Lectures for Appren¬ tices,” recently delivered by members of that union. As a number of typographical unions have become interested in the work inaugurated by the Chicago Typographical Union and are desirous of presenting these lectures for the benefit of their membership, arrangements have been made to furnish the slides at a moderate rental price. The subjects covered are “General Work,” “Commercial Work,” “Stonework” and “ Labor-saving Devices.” Applications should be sent to The Inland Printer Company, Chicago. READ BY ALL. The Inland Printer is the best publication of its kind in the world, so far as we know, and is read by our entire force. It is worth many dollars to any printer who desires to make himself worthy of a better position and higher pay, and we encourage our entire mechanical force to make a careful study of it every month.— Russell & Sheppard, Fort Collins, Colorado. 588 THE INLAND PRINTER Under this head will be briefly reviewed brochures, book¬ lets and specimens of printing sent for criticism. Literature submitted for this purpose should be marked "For Criticism," and directed to The Inland Printer Company, Chicago. G. P. Farrar, Richmond, Virginia. — The suitability of old-style faces for stationery work, when properly arranged, is evidenced by the samples shown. Complex rulework on placards is unnecessary. The simplest and strongest display is the most effective. H. B. Lyons, Goshen, Indiana. — The heading is attractive and well arranged, considering the large amount of matter shown. Two shades of the same color would make a suitable color scheme. Two browns, for instance, a dark tone for the type, a tint for the color block. Charles Majers, Bedford, Iowa. — The letter-head is attractive, but the word-ornaments detract somewhat from its appearance. They do not ornament, as you say, being simply spots. They should be omitted, and in their place light outline ornaments of large size used. John O’Brien, Chattanooga, Tennessee. — The question of fitness in type selection and arrangement has been very acceptably solved, and all the specimens are characterized by a neatness and distinction that surely gave complete satisfaction to all interested in their production. Earl Gaylord, Atlantic, Iowa.— In composing a panel design, monot¬ ony is avoided by dividing the ' panel into unequal parts. Usually the wording will permit such an arrangement and the design is rendered more pleasing to the eye. With this exception, the heading is suitably composed. T. E. Killgrove, Denver, Colorado. — The card by its composition reflects the ingenuity of the printer rather than any feeling for the fitness of things that he might possibly possess. It is not a specimen of good printing nor is it an example of good business judgment to exhibit it as the representative of a printing business. F. Louis Arnold, New Orleans, Louisiana. — Some arrangement that would not fill up the card with type would be preferable. The rulework is excessive, and something neater and more conventional would be better fitting for a business card of the style shown. There are more harmoni¬ ous combinations of color than blue and red. Queen City Printing Company, Charlotte, North Carolina. — We are sure your customers have every reason to be pleased with the printing, judging by the specimens shown. They all combine the distinction of engraved printing, by reason of clean, sharp impression, the use of the best paper and inks and the good arrangement of suitable type-faces. Jester, the Printer, Eaton, Indiana. — The headings are attractive, but not exactly original, as claimed. A trifle less space between the words of the firm names would improve them. When large initial letters are used they separate the words to some degree, especially when printed in another color, and less space is needed than if initials were not used. Express Publishing Company, Beatrice, Nebraska. — The cover-page does not entirely fulfil the conditions of style that the axioms of correct typography demand. The word-ornaments and underscore are not needed, and the mixture of capitals and lower-case as shown are a departure from harmony. The panel should have included all the matter, making a more coherent design. Pankey-Hodge Printing Company, Houston, Texas. — -The two sta¬ tionery headings are interesting and attractive. The insistent use of one style of type, paper and color on stationery will become a valuable adver¬ tising asset. The card is well arranged, but the panel rules are crooked, caused by imperfect spacing or careless lock-up, and the word in color should have been in a brighter ink. Walter Redfield, Minneapolis, Minnesota. — The specimens are unique in arrangement, but the cards do not entirely agree with the best standards of commercial typography. Simpler forms would be sufficient and more pleasing. They are indicative, however, of care and thought, and would be suitable for some forms of advertising work, but are not good forms for stationery printing. Harry C. Gilpin, Windsor, Illinois. — - The work is all acceptable, except the high-school program, which is faulty in many ways, The dis¬ play is unsuitable, both in type selection and arrangement, and the names of the scholars are too large and heavy for good appearance, although they may have been so ordered by the customer. In setting small trade notices, the firm name should not be divided. Herbert Maxwell, Fergus Falls, Minnesota. — The program offers no great faults upon which to hang a criticism. The headings might have been a size smaller and the dashes are not needed between the numbers, but, including paper and presswork, it is a very satisfactory job. The title as printed is by far the best. It has a dignity and simplicity that is wanting in the other one, and is -more fitting. The other one is an interesting arrangement and suitable for advertising work, but not adapted for the expression of the subject shown. Waverly Tribune, Waverly, Minnesota. — Good stationery printing depends primarily upon suitable type. The specimens have this desirable quality, which, combined with correct arrangement, causes them to fulfil all the requirements of the best stationery. An error in color division is shown on the bill-head by an excess of red. The name and the bottom line would be sufficient, placing all the panel rules in black. “ The Hampstead Guide and Almanac, 1904,” printed and published by Baines & Scarsbrook, 75 Fairfax Road, Hampstead, N. W., England, is a heavy book of 272 pages, 4 54 by 7 inches, filled with information of local and general interest. The numerous half-tone cuts are weak and shallow. The presswork is acceptable, but the usual display in the advertisements in most instances is an evident defect. In a book of this purpose a more substantial covering than paper should be used, the paper cover becoming dilapidated in a very short time. The program of the “ Ham Show,” produced by the Press Club of Salt Lake City, on May 16 and 17, is a clever and breezy compilation of fun and fellowship, and incidentally of good typography, which, as indicated on the concluding page, it is the habit of the Reporter Com¬ Being AN ADAPTATION of the Immortal Tragedy Yclept Hamlet, By the Rising Young English Play¬ wright, faster William ^ijaltcgpeare If Produced by Mr. H. L. A. CULMER, and presented by THE PRESS CLUB of Salt Lake City, at the Salt Lake Theatre, Evenings of Sixteenth and Seventeenth Days of May, Anno Domini Nineteen Hundred and Four pany, its printers, to produce. It is set uniformly, including advertise¬ ments, in old-style, and is an attractive illustration of the good taste of such a procedure, and the office is to be congratulated for providing the possibility in the way of material for its composition in that style. The style-book of engraved forms issued by Maverick-Clarke Com¬ pany, of San Antonio, Texas, shows samples of all the most up-to-date styles and forms of engraving, each one mounted on gray cover-stock, on which are printed prices and explanatory matter. These leaves, tied together with a silk cord, form an attractive exhibit of engraved examples, and is sent to prospective customers. It includes pages of description about the proper forms for different occasions, and by this helpfulness to the customer regarding work for which he has only occasional use should make it a valuable and efficient medium for the extension of that part of the firm’s business. It is bound to bring about a certain grateful association between good engraving and its producer that will prove of benefit to the latter in time to come. THE INLAND PRINTER 589 The Neil Campbell Company, 72 Beekman street, New York, has secured the Eastern agency for the type manufac¬ tured by Spencer & Hall, Baltimore, Maryland. The factory and office of the Campbell Printing Press & Manufacturing Company has been removed from Plainfield, New Jersey, and is now located at Taunton, Massachusetts. The. Monetary Times announces that Brown Brothers, Toronto, Canada, have purchased the factory and bookbinding plant of Wilson-Munro Company and will continue the busi¬ ness as an adjunct to their own. A change has been made in the firm of Marshall & Pan¬ key, printers, Houston, Texas, Mr. A. L. Marshall having sold his interest to Mr. H. H. Hodge, a gentleman of long experi¬ ence in the job-printing business. The new firm will be known as the Pankey-Hodge Printing Company. The Peters Publishing Company, Baltimore, Maryland, has been incorporated, with capital stock of $20,000, for gen¬ eral printing and publishing purposes. Messrs. G. Alfred Peters, 1906 West Lexington street; Charles J. Lehman, Henry G. Peters and others are the incorporators. The insert of the Williamson-Haffner Engraving Com¬ pany, of Denver, Colorado, in this issue of The Inland Printer, is a reproduction of a painting by Henry Read, a Denver artist. The plates and printing are by the Williamson- Haffner Engraving Company and constitute a fine specimen of reproductive art. The Donker & Williams Company, advertising specialties and art novelties, announces that the company’s increasing busi¬ ness has obliged it to move from the premises 61-63 Plymouth place, Chicago, to 1322-1328 Wabash avenue, where with largely increased facilities it anticipates taking care of a larger trade than in the past. Announcement is made that the Guarantee Machine Com¬ pany has purchased the repair shop of George E. Lloyd & Co., stereotypers’, electrotypers’, engravers’ and special machinery, and is now located at 369-373 Dearborn street, Chicago. The purchasers are some of the old employes of the Lloyd Com¬ pany, and are recommended to the trade by the latter concern. B. F. Sturtevant Company, manufacturer of the well- known Sturtevant products — blowers, engines, motors, econ¬ omizers, forges, steamheating, ventilating and drying appa¬ ratus — announces the removal of its entire plant from Jamaica Plain to its new works at Hyde Park, Massachusetts, where nine acres of floor space and all the modern appliances are available. W. L. Blocher, for thirty-one years the head of the job¬ printing department of the United Brethren Publishing House, Dayton, Ohio, and for the past few years in charge of the estimating department, has resigned his position and enters another field of activity. Hugo F. Scheider, who has come up with the job-printing department, becomes Mr. Blocher’s successor. Henry G. Heuman becomes the superintendent of the job and book printing department. In these increasingly strenuous days, when most men in business bid fair to burn out their capacity for enjoyment before middle age, it is pleasant to note instances of the vivacity and vigor of the founders of some of the establish¬ ments catering to the printing and allied trades. Messrs. Loring Coes & Co., incorporated, of Worcester, Massachu¬ setts, advise The Inland Printer in a recent letter that the senior partner of that company left early in June for his annual fishing trip to the Rangley Lakes. Mr. Coes cele¬ brated his ninety-second birthday on the 22d of last April, and on that occasion was presented with a silver loving-cup by the various interests which he controls. He is in exception¬ ally good health and, as he himself expresses it, does not seem to have reached his growth, as he is putting on flesh and seems more rugged than a year ago. Mr. Coes is one of the oldest active manufacturers in the country, and controls financially all the concerns which bear his name. Pie is espe¬ cially interested in The Inland Printer and always expresses delight in the perfection of its pages and the delicacy of the illustrations. His reputation and success have been earned by insisting on the best that could be produced, cost being a secondary consideration. Mr. Edward W. Stutes, of Spokane, Washington, whose name is familiar to readers of the technical press as a tasteful and resourceful printer, has as¬ sociated with Mr. Greenberg, formerly manager of the Inland Printing Company, ^of Spokane, under the firm name of Green¬ berg & Stutes, The Riverside Press, no Post street, Spokane. The firm will begin business July 1, making a specialty of high- grade commercial work. Mr. James Park Little, of San Francisco Typographical Union, No. 21, advises The Inland Printer that for four¬ teen years past he has been re¬ ported at New Orleans as dead, through the misrepresentation of enemies, and that he has been living in San Francisco for that period. By an advertisement in the New Orleans Picayune, Mr. Little discovered that his only son was also alive. He hopes the members of the New Orleans union will drink to his health. He also advises that during the time he was reported dead he has published a forty-two-page book of poems, entitled “ California Souvenir Occult Poemettes.” We make these corrections and emendations with pleasure. The Harry A. Palmer Company, printers, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, announces that it has effected a combination with George R. Goodman & Co., and that the combined offices will be conducted under the name of the Palmer- Goodman Company, printers. Beginning June 1, the offices will be located for the present at 25 North Seventh street. The two plants will be overhauled, and new machinery, new type and every facility added to bring the office thoroughly up to date. The Inland Printer takes occasion, in wishing the new firm success, to point out a fault too common among printers in issuing announcements- — that of leaving to the imagination of the reader what town they hail from. The New York branch of the Seybold Machine Company has recently moved into new quarters at 70 Duane street, New York city. Mr. E. P. Lawson, the manager of the branch, is preparing an attractive display and experimental room, where it is proposed to have a full line of machinery under belt, sub¬ ject to trial of any printer or binder who may wish to send work to test the proficiency of the various machines. It is also designed to carry a full line of machinery in stock in the large basement and sub-basement, so that prompt delivery will be assured to customers. A full line of duplicate parts is also carried, to avoid delays in cases of those accidents or breakdowns which no one has yet learned to overcome. Vari¬ ous improvements have been made in the factory of late, and within the past four years the capacity has been trebled, and now another large department is being added for the building of the new continuous-feed automatic trimmer. 590 THE INLAND PRINTER This department is exclusively for paid business announce¬ ments of advertisers, and for paid descriptions of articles, machinery and products recently introduced for the use of printers and the printing trades. Responsibility for all state¬ ments published hereunder rests upon the advertisers solely. Rotary printing is receiving an increased amount of inves¬ tigation from printers who are called upon to produce large editions in limited time, and among the adjuncts for this class of work numbering machines are not the. least. The Apex cylinder-press numbering machine, manufactured by the New York Stencil V/orks, ioo Nassau street, New York, is specially constructed to meet the requirements of high-speed rotary printing-presses, and has no limit to speed. The machines have positive action and are made to number backward or forward, consecutively or in duplicate, or for skipping any number of units from one to ten. First impressions are of the greatest influence in securing trade. A favorable impression only needs to be followed up consistently to increase business. The proving press and the printer’s and engraver’s prover are important factors in build¬ ing trade. Paul Shniedewend & Company, manufacturers of the Reliance machines, Chicago, have established a reputation for the solidity, accuracy and general mechanical perfection of their machines. Among the latest installed are a B Twen¬ tieth-century Reliance Press with the Inland-Walton Engrav¬ ing Company and an A Twentieth-century Reliance Proving Press with the Inland Printer Technical School, on exhibition. One of the most important things to be considered by the printer who makes his own drawings or by the man who is producing designs for process engraving is what medium to use. Good material is always an important factor. For instance, if you are making a drawing for reproduction in zinc, where, of necessity, only one tone is used, that tone must be black. The blacker your copy, the less trouble the engraver will have in reproducing your drawing. Gray lines will nat¬ urally photograph gray, and only by careful manipulation of the engraver in photographing and etching will these lines reproduce. Thus, often a good drawing results in a disap¬ pointing reproduction. The fellow who calls his time valuable and puts every minute to good advantage is the one to achieve success. The ink that requires but one stroke with pen or brush, resulting in a clean, sharp, black line, is the ink that saves you minutes. A good, thoroughly black and quick-covering ink, used almost universally by artists who know, is made by the C. M. Fliggins Company, Brooklyn, New York, manufacturers of carbon inks and adhesives. The company also manufactures this ink in various colors. They are well adapted for designing posters and special colorwork, as the colors are firm and brilliant. The company has spared no expense to produce these goods for the artist who seeks the best results. THE QUALITY OF DISTINCTION. No problem gives the printer-designer greater food for thought than that of pleasing the taste of fastidious custom¬ ers who desire “ something simple, but different ” in that range of work represented by booklets, leaflets, announcements, etc. Buyers of printing are impressed in common with buyers of all sorts of “ art and utility ” articles with the novelty in design, texture and coloration of foreign-made goods. The printer who can show his customer novelties in imported papers is adding a subtle distinction to his office that even as an advertisement will be found profitable. The specimen line of imported papers carried by the Japan Paper Company, 36 East Twenty-first street, New York, recently received by this office, covers a wide range of adaptability, and in the hands of the tasteful printer should interest a most desirable clientele. MODERN REGISTERING DEVICES. Money is wasted in presswork by trying to do work with imperfect registering devices and yielding bases. Idle presses and pressmen’s time made unproductive is too heavy a loss to be allowed to continue when all can be obviated by proper devices, the initial expense of which is trifling compared to the saving. H. B. Rouse & Co., Chicago, are showing an Unusu¬ ally complete line of register hooks and bases, adaptable to all classes of plates and especially valuable in the finer grades of half-tone and three-color work. A perfect system of registering and mounting is claimed by the firm. The advertisement appears on page 613. Messrs. Rouse offer to send circulars and further information to print¬ ers on request. Mr. Samuel T. Shaw, of the firm of Ward & Shaw, printers and binders, 227 St. Clair street, Cleveland, Ohio, died Saturday, May 21. Thomas T. Jones died at his home in Los Angeles, Cali¬ fornia, May 28. A native of Remsen, New York, his early years were spent in and near Utica. In 1863, he removed to Chicago, where he remained for almost twenty-five years, leaving that city to come to Los Angeles in November, 1887. Head of the firm of T. T. Jones & Son for more than sixteen years, he became president of its successor, the T. T. Jones Company, in March of the present year. Carl E. Bonner, a pioneer photoengraver, died Tuesday, May 31, at Cleveland, Ohio. Born at Elberfeld, Germany, November 11, 1874, he came to America in September, 1884. Becoming interested early in the new method of illustrating, he determined to learn the photoengraving business from the ground upward. After serving an apprenticeship, in 1880 he arrived in Cleveland a fully trained photoengraver, according to the standard of the business at that time. In 1893 he entered the local field as the owner of an engraving plant, when he formed a partnership with F. C. Mugler, under the name of the General Engraving Company. After five years of successful business, the partnership was dissolved, the younger brothers, Otto H. and Hugo P., taking over the interest of Mr. Mugler. Mr. Bonner was a thorough student of the photoengraving business, and sought constantly to keep his business in touch with the most advanced methods, and at his death was recognized throughout the country as an expert photoengraver. The business of the General Engraving Com¬ pany will be continued under the same name by the two sur¬ viving brothers, Hugo P. and Otto H. Bonner. THE INLAND PRINTER 591 WANT ADVERTISEMENTS. *" ” - - — s =FisPiflS£lflF5 BOOKS. COST OF PRINTING — By F. W. Baltes. Presents a system of S^S€”EF»i Ipisiiiss JOE OFFICE AND NEWSPAPER in western Pennsylvania town of S3 afw •aeanaetMt^ for s,k L°easy^^msEto HM^parties^oth^lj^^^ss^requiring^wner’s^entire attention. E 354- “SL'S £AS££^53K:fii"“ Add"“ PHILADELPHIA PRINTING PLANT — Consists of 3 jobbers, 1 felfii** THE PRACTICAL COLORIST taught by correspondence aids the joy|T 5r\ r anj you will buy. § THE SHELDON PRESS! Missals FOR SALE OR EXCHANGE. »«*► dfeSSUafST* m,,,er wil1 b' fdr- ? £¥&k3b£ FOR^SAI.E^— Aboutjes fonts of job type nearly new. BOX 3, issf it if mmmm F°? 0^ bE^hica^o^reTEUiaiNLA'NDCpRINTE1R *COMPAs KnifcGrindm SIMPLE — AUTOMATIC— GUARANTEED Style E - To stand on bench. Dry grinding only. 26-in. $50, 32-in. $55. 38-in. $60. Style A - With iron stand. Wet or dry grinding. 26-in. $75, 32-in. $85, 38-in. $90, 44-in. $100, 54-in. $115, 60-in. $150. With water attachment, $10 extra. Style C- Extra heavy. Wet and dry grinding. 54-in. $185, 60-in. $185, 75-in. $205, 90-in. $225. THE BLACKHALL MFG. CO., 12 Lock St., Buffalo, N.Y. 592 THE INLAND PRINTER FOR. SALE OR EXCHANGE. FOR SALE 1319 • 2-revolution, 34 by 50, ^-roller, air cush- WANTED -Linotype machinist and operators; non-union office. E 465. i^gr^gllgps Superintendents and Foremen. 40 m mat**** -» — * - * “ - mmmmmwm wamm g|2|pf~$Si?l>MS= HELP WANTED. Advertising Men. SITUATIONS WANTED. ARE YOU LOOKING FOR WORK? File your name with the Inland sKjffSrKS.T’E^ Agents. Bookbinders. Artists and Designers. PSo With S°me E122. Jgsktit C°afte? JuhP^5. klpRINTER,SP902 South Charles st*,* BaUimo^Md"^4 sns% GOOD JOB COMPOSITOR seeks position in middle West; 16 years’ EXPERIENCED SOLICITOR for printing, lithographing . and blank & ^sssssscasis I — 3SS ft L°^a^si «t in imposition and iock-up; f/tfjssstfjsg Sdinm^ Estimators and Solicitors. intendent, references; ’write me. E 85. ’ ^^fulPcharge ne^^detter^mac^in.?; 9^ hours^' onCt^vvse and °ex^ra hours for job composition; must take stock in paying established daily and job shop of company. E 485. WANTED POSITION, not controlled by union, by thoroughly compe¬ tent young woman; 7 years’ Chicago experience in publishing and printing business, 5/4 years with one firm. E 483. RIESSNERS IMPERIAL GOLD INK JVot made jfor anything but "Plated and Coated Stock,. Any printer using this class of paper can print BRIGHT GOLD and do away with the annoyance of bronzing. Something all printers want. WE HAVE IT ! paie Sold,' : : : $I$ per“,b‘ + T. RIESSNER Aiunfinum, * ! ! too “ tin cans- v 57 Gold St., NEW YORK PRINTS BRIGHT GOLD ( See Insert December, 1903 ) THE INLAND PRINTER 593 ,M^iCo many : LINOTYPE _ OPERATOR desires situatioi WANTED SITUATION by competent Linot DUPLEX PRESSMAN desires p on dresses, tirst-ciass, WM. WOOD, EXPERIENCED MANAGER’S ASSISTANT, practical printer, SUP^RINTENDE^nL— ^xpert, bookbinder. SUPERINTENDENT OR^ FOREMAN - isr fisrw^sar-ss :°^RprsiN?irmYasEpVNTTER adder press, secondhand, for roll paper. E 217. ANYBODY CAN MAKE sgasitlSii relative to the graphic trades. II SI^HI WANTED — IV m is,^^ SPECIAL SINEW GLUE %endSn iHil Peerless Padding Glue Tcheapes“‘ PRINTERS BLOTTERS gfc.s ATTEND THE BISSELL COLLEGE PHOTO [ENGRAVING, wSSkHSS Bissell College gf Photo Engraving mm . mNak r Olds Cas and Gasoline Engines ] Imitation Typewriting Ink Don’t print through cloth, don’t use ribbon-faced type, but use Little’s Ink, and ribbons to match, and print direct from the type as in ordinary printing. Purple Record and Blue Record Ink recommended. Send for samples of the work. A. P. LITTLE, Manufacturer, ROCHESTER, N. Y. ©Hits New York City Philadelphia Pittsburg Cleveland ; London \ 594 THE INLAND PRINTER D R A W I MADE WITH HIGGINS’ AMERICAN DRAWING INKS (Blacks and Colors) Have an excellence peculiarly their own. The best results in photo-engraving and lithographing are only produced by the best methods and means — the best results in Drafting, both mechanical and artistic, can only be attained by using the best Drawing Inks — Higgins’ Drawing Inks. (Send for color card showing actual Inks.) t Dealers in A and S' i a Bottles prepaid by mail, 35 cts. each, or circulars free from CHAS. M. HIGGINS / •' GOLD J end for ■ H\ CONNECTICUT Sf . " ;^^p|0i:j|0^i^|^|y: *** ■ '.J RG-H, Penns'ylvi States ^/Bemetit Company f|^- h | jPap>er 'CottipaAy,..' R Ailing, ik Cbry R. H. ,T^mfwion Company, CTROI^r, Michigan ; /: \ . B.eecfter, Peck S: 'Lewis ■.WCftmATt Ohio l|tg| ||i? | * 'iWChatfid^ & Woods ^Coixipany l,1 OGLUMBIJ^ Ohio. \ p|||s G>T&e, Cental O#o Piper* pomj^y ■ ;' INV , v-n-. .' . CvP. Lesli' Paper Company OMA!H/v, RRbr;. : i •-, . . Carpenter Paper Company j||S%Gl^; ; Minnesota •• .. ■* Pf peG&?^p THE INLAND PRINTER The Inland Printer Business Directory. ns enumerated below are reliable, and are commended to the notice of those seeking materials, machinery or special service for the Printing, Illustrating and Bookbinding Industries. Fis;psrs.s's CASE-MAKING AND EMB( Lovsv8r"° • AND STEREOTYP- > AND STAMPERS. 3SSING DIES AND C sing die’s, ^mbossing’con i Co., Hamilton, Ohio. 610 THE INLAND PRINTER THE INLAND PRINTER BUSINESS DIRECTORY— Continued. FACSIMILE TYPEWRITTEN LETTERS. P“S” SS FOIL. Mc¥.S“ N™ s s;.s HOT STAMPERS AND HEAVY INK MANUFACTURERS. B“is,F.A± f°S:. Iffi.?.™”"' '”k Bo|“vH' IjfcsrKs TH^|irsp, fesfcs b“k °LiA,K Il?Kfe SsJSa“#i| MONOTYPE METAL. Co., 118-132 W. Jack- NGi8th°s!tPANew YorkUaSeS Rook *s-4afe& hr*zs8f’ LINOTYPE METAL. E. . W„ Co., 54 Clint. AIteenth^and Wy^d^te^ts A1Ka^ as^ity^ Mo! MAIL PLATE S M%SX^3(I-p£S5sSi^S: ■**«*? I“n™IYoT C" ”d ” KsiBSS D-s, set ism S’saiHi AVING. 'and 'line Engravers* & Co., 118-132 W. Jack- KEIi24N Baxter STcit y— DUPMicXh. PRESSES -HAND AND FOOT POWER. ■“siliESyp Butt, Chas., 112 Fulton st., New York city. pt,“?o ” Coy’ PEDrtroitARMIich.RAVING C°" 73 F°rt St” W" B0SS5i4*:&?s Eardley Winterbottom, 125-127 Worth st., PRINTERS’ MACHINISTS. RA^sife.Co-’ 33 Gold st- New York- American Type Founders^ Co.^ See list of Prin*- HApiSSiip,hi.wp.Co'’ SA'S4 North s“ “•• MoEs THE INLAND PRINTER 611 THE INLAND PRINTER BUSINESS DIRECTORY— Continued. .Si. 1 ?asgrp“w“- D,*roWBS5”AlJVo03.."r.5«0,nX"'' per^'ound0 F‘“' ’ w,s.f,s,iss,;fd a?r“ Bo'“"’ w‘S'sD.E;^84-t™“- STEREOTYPE AND TISSUE PAPERS. *wrn & StfSffaKJS BL*ssr K w- co- s4 ” XSTb &rS*aKrre 1 K*s sz^sMT^cSrs. 1 TOILET PA ION. ^NN. Y.angpUr?cee! FAir^’i«^6 co- 6; Hi=KS&a.st ha=£p~ TilSlglsi e1S.wsS5Kp£: SS« ■*- EAs^gf;g| 612 THE INLAND PRINTER E. M. GILL, President G. M. GILL, Treasurer mil jEtujratnng (Eontpattg 140 Fifth Avenue, New York HALF-TONE AND LINE ENGRAVERS = FOR = Country Life in America, The World’s Work, The Century Co., Charles Scribner’s Sons, Doubleday, Page & Co. ; G. P. Putnam’s Sons, E. P. Dutton & Co., Henry Holt & Co., Life, Town & Country, Brooklyn Life, Motor, The Methodist Book Concern, The American Bap¬ tist Home Mission Society, Baker & Taylor Co., James Clarke & Co., Cassier’s Magazine, T. Y. Crowell & Co., Dodd, Mead & Co. ; Architecture, Independent Peerless Pattern Co., Leslie’s Weekly, Judge Co., Longmans, Green & Co., Burr-Mclntosh Monthly, Met¬ ropolitan Magazine, Everybody’s Magazine, The Rudder, Peter Henderson & Co., Prang Educational Co., Recreation, A. S. Barnes & Co., Wm. Wood & Co., and many other Lead¬ ing Publishers and Publications. We are platemakers exclusively, and our establishment turns out many more half-tones than any competitor in the United States THE INLAND PRINTER 613 FULL EQUIPMENTS OF THE LATEST AND MOST IMPROVED RolIer=Making Machinery FURNISHED JAMES ROWE 2 4Q HI C AQ O ^ 6 ILL. Lathams Monitor Punches and Card Index Cutters Foot Power, Steam Power and with Individual Motor attached $ 20.00 $ 75-oo $100.00 Latham’s Monitor Multiplex Punch Every style and shape of Punch, and every form of Cutting Knife. To punch in any position on paper. Send for illustrated catalogue, description and terms, LATHAM MACHINERY COMPANY 197 - 201 South Canal Street, CHICAGO, ILLINOIS NEW YORK STORE, 8 Reade Street f - \ ROUSE Register Hooks are positively unequaled in every essential of a first-class register hook, such as Speed , Durability , Fine Register and Narrow Margins. ROUSE Unit System Bases are light, extremely rigid, and are easily made up. They present a smooth , un- I broken and unyielding surface I to the plate, and are practi¬ cally indestructible. JVhile you are at it , fVhy not get the Best ? Wide-awake dealers sell them. Write for circular and estimates. H. B. ROUSE & CO. 158 Huron Street* CHICAGO JOHN HADDON & CO., London, Sole Agents for Great Britain _ _ _ / 614 THE INLAND PRINTER Speaking of Screws Some people think that the screw-holes in the Maley Patent Iron Block wear out. In an ordinary ratchet-block the same screw and holes are used and have been for years, and are screwed and unscrewed thousands and thousands of times. The screw and nut outlast the block. Other blocks use the same screw and nut over and over again, yet these wear well. There are about 20,000 holes in a large Maley Block to choose from. You do not use the same hole a dozen times a year. We have had a man drive a screw into the same hole of a Maley Block day in and day out for thousands of times with no appreciable wear. As far as screws and holes are concerned it seems that the argument is in favor of the Maley Block. “ The Right Foundation.” The Tympalyn Company 246 Summer Street, Boston A BIG IMPROVEMENT - IN = Rotary Perforating Machines No. 1 perforates lines as close as one inch. No. 2 perforates lines as close as one-half inch. Speed is limited only by the ability of the Positively Guaranteed. Hu operator. Sold on JO Days ’ Trial. 1 SEND FOR CATALOGUE Takes a sheet 28 x 28. Does not punch holes in paper. Makes a clean cut. Leaves no burr on under side of sheet. No gears, tapes nor rubber bands. Has tight and loose pulleys. ADDRESS Murray Machinery Co. Kansas City, Mo. MANUFACTURERS OF ALL KINDS Stereotype, Electrotype and Etching Machinery. THE INLAND PRINTER 615 The Colortype Process of the Future is the DIRECT PROCESS practiced only by THE ZEESE -WILKINSON COMPANY COLOR PRINTERS and PHOTO-ENGRAVERS OUR DIRECT METHODS are applicable with equally superior results for the reproduction of copy, in two, three or four colors.' Color values in our plates are not obtained by excessive etching or burnishing, but by perfected photo-mechanical methods in the hands of skilled and trained operators. There is no difficulty in printing from our plates. Write for estimates on plates for two, three and four colors. PRESSWORK DONE AT MODERATE PRICES Office and Works — 215-217 E. Twenty-fourth St., NEW YORK Bratotng for printers By ERNEST KNAUFFT, Editor of The Art Student , and Director of the Chautauqua Society of Fine Arts. A1 r PRACTICAL TREATISE ON THE ART OF DESIGNING .nd illustrating in connection with typography, containing fullyTllustrated, for the beginner as well Price , . $2.00 THE INLAND PRINTER COMPANY, n6 Nassau Street, x 120-130 Sherman St. New York V Chicago Rapid Work Our Motto DINSE, PAGE & CO. Electrotypers Stereotypers 167 Adams Street, Chicago P READY JULY 25T-H ^ THE GREATEST CATALOGUE EVER ISSUED. A 624 Page book showing nearly 15,000 STOCK CUTS THE HAWTIN ENGRAVING CO. DESIGNERS. ENGRAVERS & ELECTROTYPERS. a 14-7-14-9 - 15 1 - 153 Fifth Avenue CHICAGO, U. S'. A. WSJ 616 THE INLAND PRINTER The Sigmund Ullman Company Having made the only Radical advance in Printing Inks Since Gutenberg, has accepted the Special invitation of the Louisiana Purchase Exposition, And is demonstrating this Progress at its exhibits In the Liberal Arts Building. THE INLAND PRINTER 617 The Acme of Terfection ! LINOTYPE Model 2 Invaluable in the book, job and law offices. Unsurpassed in newspaper offices for “heads,” advertising, etc. Saves time, consequently cheapens compo¬ sition. Four or more faces under instant control of operator. Change from one face to the other can be made without operator leav¬ ing his seat. A The Model Two. FEW COMBINATIONS USED 0 N MODEL TWO Combination JY©. / UPPER MAGAZINE- 8-Point 0. S. No. 1, Two-letter FOLLOW A RELIABLE GUIDE IF YOU Follow a Reliable Guide if You are FOLLOW A RELIABLE GUIDE IF YOU Follow a Reliable Guide if You are FOLLOW A RELIABLE GUIDE IF YOU WANT TO GET LOWES MAGAZINE- Caps 11-Point Gothic No. 1, One-letter THE BELLS RANG FOR CHRISTMAS 10-Point 0. S. No. 1 with Antique No. 1, Two-letter THE ROMANS CALLED THEM A The Romans Called Them a THE ROMANS CALLED THEM A The Romans Called Them a Combination JVo. 13 UPPER MAGAZINE — 6-Point No. 3, Two-letter THE TYPES OF THE SEVENTEENTH CENTURY The Types of the Seventeenth Century THE TYPES OF THE SEVENTEENTH CENTURY The Types of the Seventeenth Century THE TYPES OF THE SEVENTEENTH CENTURY SEEM TO LOWER MAGAZINE — 12-Point DeVinne Series, Two-letter NO PATH TOO STEEP FOE No Path Too Steep for NO PATH TOO STEEP FOR No Path Too Steep for NO PATH TOO STEEP FOR ANY OF US Combination JV©„ 21 UPPER MAGAZINE— 8-Point No. 2 with Gothic No. 3, Two-letter NATURE, THE INFALLIBLE TUTOR OF Nature, the Infallible Tutor of the NATURE, THE INFALLIBLE TUTOR OF Nature, the Infallible Tutor of the LOWER MAGAZINE -12-Point DeVinne Series with Antique No. 3, Two=le)ter A KEY TO THE INVENTION A Key to the Invention is A KEY TO THE INVENTION A Key to the Invention is <*??> CUTS RAPIDLY AND ACCURATELY AND NOISELESS IN OPERATION THE STANDARD MACHINERY COMFY - Main Office and Works - MYSTIC, CONNECTICUT ACME, Wire Staple BINDERS “The Best Automatic IV ire- Stapling Devices on the market. ” Operated by hand or foot power. Equipped with Automatic Clinching and Anti-clogging Devices. Full information promptly furnished on application. ACME STAPLE CO.Mi 500 N. 12th St., PHILADELPHIA ACME BINDER No. 6 THE INLAND PRINTER 631 Has Combination Top Deck for printing half-tone and color newspaper supplements in addition to the regular newspaper product, from electrotype or stereotype plates. Has special ink distribution and oil offset devices. CAPACITY— 24,000 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16 or 12.000 20, 24, 28, 32 page papers per hour. One extra color can be printed on the outside pages of any product or section of collected product. Three extra colors can be printed on the outside pages of 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 page papers, and on the outside pages of each part of collected products. Three extra colors can be printed on outside pages and one extra color on inside pages of 4, 6,. 8, 12, 16 page papers. PATENTED AND MANUFACTURED BY THE GOSS PRINTING PRESS CO. NEW YORK— 312 Temple Court. CHICAGO, ILL. LONDON — 90 Fleet Street. We “GOSS STRAIGHTLINE’’ No. 37 SPECIAL FOUR-DECK GOSS QUADRUPLE STRAIGHTLINE 632 THE INLAND PRINTER THE DUPLEX Flat=Bed Web=Perfecting Newspaper Press Prints 5,000 to 6,000 per Hour of either 4, 6, 8, 10 or 12 Page Papers WITHOUT STEREOTYPING RECENT SALES BRIDGETON, N. J., Evening News KEWANEE, ILL., Star Courier NEW YORK, N. Y., Italian Herald DIXON, ILL., Star GREEN BAY, WIS., Advocate BOISE, IDAHO, Statesman KINGSTON, ONT., British Whig ANDERSON, IND„ Herald MONCTON, N. B., Transcript CONCEPCION, CHILE, S. A., El. Sur. TRAVERSE CITY, MICH., Record PIQUA, OHIO, Daily Call FORT DODGE, IOWA, Chronicle COLUMBIA, PA., News LEWISTOWN, PA., Democrat SANTIAGO, CHILE, S. A., El Diario CLEVELAND, OHIO, American CHARLOTTETOWN, P. E. L, Guardian OUR CUSTOMERS WRITE OUR ADS. GET THEIR OPINIONS INSTEAD OF OURS — WE MAY BE PREJUDICED DUPLEX PRINTING PRESS CO. THE MONOTYPE “OLIVER ASKS FOR MORE!” I N THIS case “Oliver” stands for one of the fore¬ most printing establishments of St. Louis and “ asks for more ” Monotypes. The Con. P. Curran Printing Co., as the letter of its Secretary shows, not only expresses entire satisfaction with the two Monotypes it already possesses, but orders another installation, thus furnishing the most convincing testimonial to Monotype merits that could be given. A glance at the following specimen pages of rate - sheet work will demon¬ strate the reason of the Con. P. Curran Co.’s satisfaction. No machine on the market except the Monotype could have done this work. HAD WEN SWAIN MFG. CO. Representative for Pacific Coast SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA W. P. GUNTHORP, JR. Chicago Representative 334 DEARBORN ST.. CHICAGO, ILL. WOOD & NATHAN CO. SOLE SELLING AGENT ONE MADISON AVE., NEW YORK THE MONOTYPE FROM TO ^ r 3 1 1 cd „ 1 £ % c 5 o 0> a $ o . ! o <6 \ t £ o t i o a £ « I i -8 •S o ►3 s fl 1 o ! O cn T3 OJ | £ >-• MASSACHUSETTS. Ayer, via Standard Lines . do 2d class via Standard Lines . do via Differential Lines . do 2d class via Differential Lines .... 1 Boston, via Standard Lines . do 2d class via Standard Lines . do via Differential Lines . do 2d class via Differential Lines do via New York and Rail . do via N. Y. and Sd.,May 1 to Oct. 31 do via N. Y. and Sd.,Nov.l to Apl. 30 Fitchburg . Gardner . Greenfield, via Standard lines . do 2d class via Standard Lines . do via Differential lines . do 2d class via Differential Lines .... Lowell, via Standard Lines . do 2d class via Standard Lines . do via Differential Lines . do 2d class via Differential Lines .... do via Boston (not via NewYork City) 1 33 65 1 30 15 1 31 70 1 29 45 1 34 65 31 15 31 70 29 45 l Add Add : Add : Rates all . Rates all 32 65 29 15 31 70 29 15 34 15 30 65 31 70 29 45 Add 34 OO 30 50 32 30 30 05 35 OO 31 50 32 30 30 05 $5.00 all $4.00 all $3.00 all classes 33 00 29 50 32 30 29 50 34 50 21 OO 32 30 30 05 60 cts. all 34 70 31 20 33 lO 30 85 35 70 32 20 33 lO 30 85 633 70 30 20 33 lO 30 20 35 20 31 70 33 lO 30 85 34 85 31 35 33 40 31 15 35 85 32 35 33 40 31 15 New New New Ayer! 33 85 30 35 33 40 30 35 35 35 31 85 33 40 31 15 Boston 35 15 31 65 33 95 31 65 36 15 32 65 33 95 31 65 York York York Mass, via Mass, via 34 15 30 65 33 95 30 65 35 65 32 15 33 95 31 65 35 55 32 05 34 35 32 05 36 55 33 05 34 35 32 0.5 rates via rates via route of route of 34 55 31 05 34 35 31 05 36 05 32 55 34 35 32 05 route of 35 45 31 95 34 25 31 95 36 45 32 95 34 25 31 95 route of route of route of ticket. 34 45 30 95 34 25 30 95 35 95 32 45 34 25 31 95 ticket. 35 45 31 95 34 15 31 90 36 45 32 95 34 15 31 90 ticket. ticket. 24 45 31 10 34 15 30 95 35 95 32 60 34 15 31 90 35 60 32 lO 34 15 31 90 36 60 33 10 34 15 31 90 34 60 30 95 34 15 31 10 36 lO 32 45 34 15 31 90 35 25 31 75 1 33 55 31 30 36 25 32 75 33 55 ; 31 30 34 25 30 75 33 55 30 75 36 25 32 25 33 55 31 30 do via Fall River and Mansfield, May 1 to Oct. 31 . do via Fall River and Mansfield, Nov. 1 to April 30 . do via Sound Lines, Boston and B. & M., May 1 to Oct 31 . do via Sound Lines, Boston and B. & M. , Nov. 1 to April 30 . do via New York City and Rail . North Adams, via Standard Lines . do 2d class via Standard Lines . do via Differential Lines . ; do 2d class via Differential Lines ... Pittsfield, via Standard Lines . do 2d class via Standard Lines . do via Differential Lines . do 2d class via Differential Lines .... Springfield, via Standard Lines . do 2d class via Standard Lines . < do via Differential Lines . i do 2d class via Differential Lines .... Worcester, via Standard Lines . do 2d class via Standard Lines . <: do via Differential Lines . do 2d class via Differential Lines ....<: do via New York and Rail and Springfield or Willimantic . < MEXICO. Aguascallentes, via Laredo, Eagle Pass or El Paso . £ do 2d class via Laredo, Eagle Pass or El Paso . £ Allende, via Eagle Pass . £ do 2d class via Eagle Pass . £ Bajan, via Eagle Pass . £ do 2d class via Eagle Pass . £ Bustamante (Nuevo Leon), via Laredo . . £ do 2d class via Laredo . £ Cananea, via Naco. Add Add Add Add Add 32 65 29 15 30 70 29 15 32 65 29 15 30 55 29 15 32 65 t 29 15 l 31 70 29 15 i 33 65 t 30 15 1, 31 70 t 29 45 j. Add > 49 lO 5 41 65 i 28 50 i 28 05 -> 31 OO > 29 45 > 29 25 i 28 25 $4.45 aU $3.60 all $5.10 all $4.10 all $5.20 all 33 OO 29 50 31 30 30 20 33 OO 29 50 31 15 29 50 33 OO 29 50 32 30 29 50 34 OO 30 50 32 30 30 05 $4.00 all 48 35 40 90 27 75 27 30 30 25 28 70 28 50 27 50 classes to classes to classes to classes to C33e‘70 30 20 32 lO 30 35 33 70 30 20 31 95 30 20 33 70 30 20 33 lO 30 20 24 70 31 20 33 lO 30 85 47 55 40 lO 26 95 26 50 29 45 27 90 27 70 26 70 New New New New New 33 85 30 35 32 40 30 65 33 85 30 35 32 25 30 35 33 85 30 35 33 40 30 35 34 85 31 35 33 40 31 15 New 47 05 39 60 26 45 26 OO 28 95 27 40 27 20 26 20 York York York York York 34 55 30 65 32 95 31 05 34 15 30 65 32 80 30 65 34 15 30 65 33 95 30 65 35 15 31 65 33 95 31 65 York 46 45 39 OO 25 85 25 40 28 35 26 80 26 60 25 60 City City City City City 34 55 31 05 33 35 30 95 34 55 31 05 33 20 31 05 34 55 31 05 34 35 31 05 35 55 32 05 34 35 32 05 City 45 95 38 50 25 35 24 90 27 85 26 30 26 10 25 10 r34 45 30 95 33 25 30 95 34 45 30 95 33 lO 30 95 34 45 30 95 34 25 30 95 35 45 31 95 34 25 31 95 46 45 39 OO 25 85 25 40 28 35 26 80 26 60 25 60 route of route of route of 34 45 30 95 33 15 30 95 34 45 30 95 33 OO 30 95 34 45 30 95 34 15 30 95 35 45 31 95 34 15 31 90 46 90 39 45 26 30 25 85 28 80 27 25 27 05 26 05 ticket. ticket. ticket. ticket. ticket. 34 60 31 10 33 15 31 10 34 60 31 lO 33 OO 31 lO 34 60 31 lO 34 15 31 10 35 60 32 10 34 15 31 90 ticket. 46 90 39 45 26 30 25 85 28 80 27 25 27 05 26 05 34 35 30 75 32 55 30 75 34 25 30 75 32 40 30 75 34 25 30 75 33 55 30 75 35 25 31 75 33 55 31 30 46 90 39 45 26 30 25 85 28 80 27 25 27 05 26 05 Castano, via Eagle Pass . £ do 2d class via Eagle Pass . £ Celaya, via Laredo . £ do 2d class via Laredo . £ do via El Paso or Eagle Pass and Tor. £ do 2d class via El Paso or Eagle Pass . £ and Tor . £ Chihuahua, via El Paso . do 2d class via El Paso . £ i 31 OO i 29 45 i 43 75 i 37 95 > 49 lO i 41 65 i 38 20 i 35 60 30 25 28 70 43 00 37 20 48 35 40 90 37 70 35 60 29 45 27 90 42 20 36 40 47 55 40 lO 36 90 35 20 28 95 27 40 41 70 35 90 47 05 39 60 36 40 34 70 28 35 26 80 41 lO 35 30 46 45 39 OO 35 80 34 10 27 85 26 30 40 60 34 80 45 95 38 50 35 30 33 60 28 35 26 80 41 lO 35 40 46 45 39 OO 35 80 34 lO 28 80 27 25 41 55 35 75 46 90 39 45 36 25 34 55 28 80 27 25 41 55 35 75 46 90 39 45 36 25 34 55 28 80 27 25 41 55 35 75 46 90 39 45 36 25 34 55 MONOTYPED BY THE CON. P. CURRAN CO., ST. LOUIS. THE MONOTYPE MONOTYPED BY THE CON. P. CURRAN CO., ST. LOUIS. oy' P- ctJRRAN- - Railroad Printing Of Every Description. m Commercial Printing Of Every Description. E. p- yggjgX mu j||k CON. P. CURRAN PRINTING CO. 5:; j Lithographing, Blank -Rook IPS Northwest Corne: id and Locust Sts r Engraving. n Manufacturers. Northeast Corner 3d and Locust Sts. ST. Louis, June 9, 1904. Messrs. Wood & Nathan, Selling Agents Monotype Machine Co., #1 Madison Ave., New York, N. Y. Gentlemen : -- Having found the two Lanston Monotype Machines, which we purchased from you, entirely satisfactory, we have decided to increase our output hy the addition of one new machine and two new keyboards. With this object in view we have requested your Western representative, Mr. W. P. Gunthorp, to send us a contract for signature. We take pleasure in sending you, under separate cover, copy of Rate Sheet, which was set on the Monotype Machine in a very satisfactory manner. It is hoped you will see to it that our order for the new machine receives prompt attention. Yours truly, Con. P. Curran Printing Co., Secretary. AS MADE AND COMPOSED ON THE MONOTYPE 5 Point ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRST 5/4 Point ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQ 6 Point ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQ 7 Point ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOP 8 Point ABCDEFGHIJKLMNO 9 Point ABCDEFGHIJKLMN 10 Point ABCDEFGHIJKLM ABCDEFGHIJKL 12 Point ABCDEFGHIJK ..The.. Monotype AS MAD EH FOR THE CASE BY THE MONOTYPE ABCDEFGHIJK ABCDEFGHI 24 Point ABCDEF 30 Point ABCDE 36 Point ABCD THE INLAND PRINTER 633 Cleveland , Metropole, Caravel , Lisbon Ivory W ove, Lisbon Superfine , Lisbon Bond , Lisbon Extra Strong , Lisbon Ledger are some of our water-marks. Caravel Lisbon Ledger Lisbon Superfine Lisbon Extra Strong Lisbon Bond Offered in case lots. A medium grade of engine sized paper of excellent value. An account book paper of excellent value and moderate price. Superfine in every sense. Have the unusual qualities of high value and low price. Send for samples. WE ARE THE EXPORT AGENTS FOR American Writing Paper Co. Geo. W. Wheelwright Paper Co. The Duncan Company Imperial Paper Mills of Canada, Ltd. AND OTHERS PARSONS BROTHERS, PAPER. MERCHANTS AND EXPORTERS 257 Broadway, NEW YORK CITY - CABLE ADDRESS: “PARSOBROS” NEW YORK— P m RINTERS can afford to go to the initial expense of substituting individual Jenney Motors for any other power. They begin paying back money the minute they are attached by saving in cost of power and main¬ tenance, and, at the same time, produce better results. Reflect, Inspect, Select — It will be a “Jenney” every time. JENNEY MOTORS NGRAVERS who are thinking about motors should remember that “good enough” is not good enough unless it’s the best. If you are not able to select for yourself, wouldn’t it be safe to depend upon the judg¬ ment of such concerns as the Binner-Wells Co., Grand Rapids Engraving Co., Peninsular Engraving Co., and dozens of others who have equipped their plants with Jenney Motors ? We think so. Jenney Electric Mfg. Co., Indianapolis, Ind. E m 634 THE INLAND PRINTER THE AULT WIBORG CO. Makers of Letterpress, Steelplate, Copperplate and Lithographic Inks Dry Colors, Varnishes, Oils and Dryers. Importers of Lithographic Stones, Supplies and Bronzes. CINCINNATI, NEW YORK, CHICAGO ST. LOUIS, TORONTO, LONDON THE INLAND PRINTER 635 SHERIDAN’S NEW MODEL Automatic Clamp, built in sizes 36 inches to 70 inches. Write for particulars, prices and terms. Selling Agents for Martini and National Book Sewing Machines. WRITE FOR CIRCULARS AND DESCRIPTIVE MATTER. T. W. & C. B. SHERIDAN CO. NEW YORK 56 Duane Street CHICAGO 413 Dearborn Street LONDON 46 Farringdon Street 636 THE INLAND PRINTER BATES Models are the Standards of the World ! Vi'""‘hc'oT„etd For Cash Sale Books N? 29 Bates New Model No. 29 Bates Models No. 45 and No. 46 Perforating Machine m 12345 1058 S-sB looi lOl Established 1870 l - J DIFFICUL T COMPOSITION on the LINOTYPE the kind the hand compositor wastes so much time on that there is no profit in the job for his employer — that’s the kind the Linotype makes easy. Of the 46 DOUBLE MAGAZINE LINOTYPES recently ordered by the Public Printer for use in the United States Govern¬ ment Printing Office at Washington, 35 are to be used in the “RECORD” room, 7 in the JOB office, and 4 in the CONGRESSIONAL LlBRART office. c While the “ Record” room does an endless variety of table and document work, the last two departments named handle most of the difficult, job and miscellaneous work of the Government Printing Office, The Linotype will be the only type-setting or composing machine used in these departments. The decision to use Linotypes for this work was reached after a most thorough examination and inquiry by experts employed by the Government. The following three pages show actual commercial samples of every-day work done on the Linotype. Mergenthaler Linotype Company NEW YORK CHICAGO SAN FRANCISCO NEW ORLEANS ] -•S'0 ^ « K -s s « •§ i g „ £ te c } ^ cd < 00 CD C ^ CD C o o '3 o « >, c o S u S’c^'cS o rt oC u. D'O'OHd VHO*o'o*or2*u"U'UjdjgJ2 J5 i p£ c£ cS S >S O-g 3 »Q ^ £ q Q ^ "? M Q m « o' « -" 5s pU« g „ bfl^ « C bn-g (U K>S'S!zio.SwS h'og^.^E . E £ 3 Sw ; i (S tS c *S ; 5 P4 P4 PC Pi <3 « S § „ o % * W, 3 c OG t >; c « 5 ■ .Me n " "1 e S 3 j.g § §5 .a S'-g.’sS | g.as 6 a 3 p P o p w w w dj dj h fe fe o o o D O M V O b W O ©’ W O CO b CD* b rt«' 10 )lflrtMOOk»b»CIOIflNM^MH 5 CD CD N CD CDCDHCiOOCDCICDCDCD u cn .o a s r2 'o i OOt i | | 3 x x S X ffi s N M Q0 CD TJ< O CD *• * O O G eo ** * - M£g *1% s 2^3 s SSa fl & 5«W g ,SgM^ I „ iil l;JlK-s=! $ list*| ^®'3 2^'S e2?py= 0 0 = 0^2 1 £ If* ^->i Jm° 1*5,^ *£' * uM_o.G ‘Kof - w 9a!^'o^' 2.S .- ■■» .naM--HHa g°wp *8 . InMJKSM MU “?1a=i?l?21 HO o IS b«o3 . sH isSl". £fig*| -a _ _ _ __ w_ _ _ _ _w_ _ _ „ _ «* ^<-r>— to— oeo nom — oj cncocoi^io — xicncoGtnm otooi— Ntm- co co^riNoto — ® ^fCTir> i^co ococoosco — toco— incoco — — r>— i eoeoo co cor^rxom co comci — 1>. eM«i— ,nr^ “. — - *■— »■»■ - CM COW CM— •'frco 2S = ™Sw clwS ™§o£ i« w w qtq iajluju! a Iik ii o2mw£h.S ww^j Smii5m cowu!ai5 IQ ImS 5s i3cqu1£s i?a« :sk-;: :w 1 sgggssi^ SSaSSiS^llliSH o°2 Hhh ..-5 ^ 4,.^c i lagsf Ssa ° I >.<1 P Q c p g K M £ ^5^ > ■§^'■2 8 g o2 - M | ,S|.-S 2 H -So C3 3 3(N Sc- tj ^ <2 ^ M u Srf5S’lip9o^5iS ^>a .o. . i^-an^^sai IS is is ££ $'%. ^ ^ i* is I* is is is ^ ^ is isisis tt'ft £ £2f2S2“ 22 125 — ^COOCOCOCMW C0O5 co coco on. — co cm co — w— www cm o — ocoo— — cm — — — oco — oco co wco 3g=is m-S "3 &a3fq 100510 COrfO^ rJ-CO— owS™ oo£ maoJSijj5« ^ca a i" iio £a I x «wa 2o6 s w m aawco i m " •? x5a oi3o a fflii 5 a ^ 2b Sample page SAN FRANCISCO TELEPHONE DIRECTORT Sample page TOLEDO HOME TELEPHONE CO. Composed on Double-Magazine Linotype , at one operation Composed on the Linotype by the Toledo Typesetting Co. LLOYD’S REGISTER OF AMERICAN. YACHTS. 1904 Backus, Dr. Ogden 5 Granger Place, Rochester, N. Y. — N.Y.-Roc. Tons Idonno . 8 Bacon, F. H., Milton, Mass. — N.Y.-Lar. Fanny . . 21 Bacon, Louis, 53 State Street, Boston, Mass. Bev. Gamecock . . 10 Bacon, Robert, 23 Wall Street, Neio York. N.Y.-Bev. Larrikin . — Bacon, V/. H., P.O. Box 1711, Boston, Mass. Bos.-M. Cor. Nethla ...... (p.o.) — Badger, S. B., 5 Trenton Street, Charles¬ town, Mass. Ambrotype . 8 Badger, Walter L, 53 State Street, Boston, Mass. — Bos. Heron . 12 Bainbridge, R. W., 12 Cumberland Street, Brooklyn, N. Y. Man. B. Tons s. Chetolah . 61 Baker, Adalbert, 11 Sunnyside Avenue, Win- throp. Mass. — Win. Helen, A . . 6 Baker, C. M., 25 Ames Building, Boston, Mass. — Bev. Arethusa . . — Baker, Miss Edith C., Ames Building, Boston, Mass. Bev. Radiant .......... — Baker, E. F., 82 Waldeck Street, Dorchester, Mass. — Bos.-Dor. Concord . 22 Baker, G. A., Freeport, L. I. s. Idle Hour . 10 Baker, G. F., Jr., First National Bank, New York. — Atl.-Lar.-N.Y. Razmatang . - Baker, Geo. W., TP. Hartford, Conn. Har. Tons Bantam . — Baker, W. C., Providence, R. I. — R.I. Yebis . — Baldwin, W. D., 141 Broadway, New York. I. Hbr.-Nor. Adele . 12 Ball, F. H., Plainfield, N. J. Pen. Summerheim . — Ball, George H., Boston, Mass. — East. Dragon . . — Bancker, A. O., 430 Clinton Avenue, Brook¬ lyn, N. Y.— |hr. I. Sagola . 11 Psi . — Bangs, E. A., 7 Water Street, Boston, Mass. Bev.-Bos.-East. Kathleen . 37 Banks, A. Bleecker, Box 662, Albany, N. Y. — N.Y. Tons s. Carola I . . . 23 Banks, David, 20 Murray Street, New York. N.Y.-Atl.-Man.B.-Nor.-Rvr. Water Witch . 71 Banks, D. B., 1301 Maryland Avenue, Baltimore, Md. — Bit. Gretchen . S Barber, A. L., 7 East Forty-second Street, New York. N.Y.-Amr.-Atl.-R. Thames, s. Lorena . — Barber, H., Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Can. s. Wapiti . 18 418 LLOYD’S REGISTER OF AMERICAN YACHTS. 1904 Lawley, G.j & Son. (cont.) Tons Chenoden .... 11 s. Cherokee ..... 12 Cherub . . — Chickadee _ — Chiquita . 17 Choctaw ..... 19 Christine ..... 11 Columbia ..... 22 s. Comanche .... 36 Cossack . 16 s. Courier . . 65 Coyote ....... — Crosspatch ... — Cygnet ....... 29 Dariel . . — Dominoe . — Dovekie ...... — Dragon _ _ _ 7. Eaglet ....... — Edna ........ 8 Elf . . 8 s. El Placita. .... 25 Endymion .... 144 Esperanza .... 59 s. Eugenia _ _ _ 10 Falcon . . — s. Felstedquin ... 43 Flying Cloud . . 27 s. Flying Dutch¬ man ....... 26 Folly ........ — Lawley, G., & Son. ( cont .) Tons s. Foxie . 20 Fulmar . — S. Gilnockie . — Gleam . — Goblin . — Gossip . — Gossoon . . 18 Gundred ..... 19 s. Gyda . . . 25 Harbinger .... 45 Hawk . 7 Haze . • — Hebe . . . 17 s. Helena . 27 Helene . — s. Hermes . — Hilda . . 11 Holly II...... — Hullaballoo ... 7 s. Idler . 122 Ilderim . 28 Illinois ....... 8 Indra . . 2 Indra . 25 Ingomar . 58 Isolt ......... 25 J ackdaw ..... — Jacobin . Janet . — Juanona . - — Jubilee ....... 100 Lawley, G., & Son. (cont.) Tons J ulnar . 21 s. Kaleda . 79 s. Katharine II.. 24 Katonah . 15 Keewaydin ... 5 s. Kestrel . 21 Kitten ....... — Kotick . — Lady Mary ... 11 Latona . 69 Lobster - - - — Lotowana . 25 Mab II . — Mala ......... — Marguerite ... 76 Mariquita .... 18 Maris ........ — Matkah . • — Mayflower .... 84 Melba . . — Merle . — Merlin . 96 Micmac II ... . — Miladi ....... 31 Mildred ...... 9 Milicete ...... 27 Mimosa II. . . . — Molly Bawn . . — s. Mollie C...... 17 s. Monaloa . 37 Mopsa . 6 Moya . 72 Lawley, Gv & Son. (cont.). Tons Mustang . 7 s. My Gypsy ... 26 Nabob . — Nanon . 26 s. Nashawena ... 37 Nesera . 35 Nebula . 16 Nepenthe . 33 Nerine . 9 Nettie . — Ninita . — Nirvana . 23 Nirvana . — Nixie . — s. Noria .... - — Nulma . — s. Nushka . 37 Nymph . 14 Nyssa . — Oeewah . 7 s. Oonas II.. _ — Opah . — Opeeche . — s. Orca . 37 Ouial . — Oweene . 24 Papoose . 15 Paukewis ..... 17 Pellegrima ... 19 s. Pilgrim ...... — Princess . 14 s. Princess . 44 Lawley, G., & Son. (cont.) Tons s. Priscilla . 65 Priscilla . 16 Puritan . 75 Ramea . — Ranger . 17 Razmatang ... 11 Recruit . — Rip . — s. Ripple . — Robin Hood ... — Rondina ...... 24 Rooster II - — Rosalind . 8 Rowena . ■ — Royal Blue ... — Rusalka . 28 Sachem . 81 Sagamore .... 7 Saladin . . . 8 Saladin . — Sally VI . — Saracen . — Saracen . 7 s. Satilla . 106 s. Savarona . 58 Sayonara ..... 23 Scapegoat _ — Scapha . 15 Scud . 19 s. Scud . 38 s. Senator (The). 37 Sereno . — 406 Sample pages from Lloyd' s Register composed by Isaac H. Blanchard Company , New York. This entire page, including rules, is OUR machine work. What do you think of it? SCOTCH SCOTCH SCOTCH SCOTCH SCOTCH SCOTCH SCOTCH SCOTCH SCOTCH SCOTCH SCOTCH SCOTCH SCOTCH SCOTCH SCOTCH SCOTCH SCOTCH SCOTCH SCOTCH SCOTCH SCOTCH SCOTCH SCOTCH SCOTCH SCOTCH SCOTCH SCOTCH SCOTCH SCOTCH SCOTCH SCOTCH SCOTCH SCOTCH SCOTCH SCOTCH SCOTCH SCOTCH SCOTCH SCOTCH SCOTCH SCOTCH SCOTCH SCOTCH SCOTCH SCOTCH SCOTCH SCOTCH SCOTCH SCOTCH SCOTCH SCOTCH SCOTCH SCOTCH SCOTCH SCOTCH FACE FACE FACE FACE FACE FACE FACE FACE FACE FACE FACE FACE FACE FACE FACE FACE FA' FA FA FA FA FA FA FA FA FA FA^H FACE FACE FACE FACE FACE FACE FACE FACE FACE FACE FACE FACE FACE FACE FACE FACE FACE FACE FACE FACE FACE FACE FACE FACE FACE FACE FACE FACE BLANCHARD’S BLANCHARD’S BLANCHARD’S BLANCHARD’S BLANCHARD’S BLANCHARD’S BLANCHARL BLANCHARL BLANCHARI BLANCHARL BLANCHARI BLANCHARL BLANCHARL BLANCHARL BLANCHARL BLANCHARL SCOTCH FACE SCOTCH FACE SCOTCLI FACE SCOTCH FACE SCOTCH FACE SCOTCH FACE NEW FACES NEW FACES NEW FACES FOR FOR FOR BL AN CHARD’S BLANCHARD’S BLANCHARD’S BLANCHARD’S BLANCHARD’S BLANCHARD’S 4NCHARD’S .N CHARD’S .N CHARD’S .NCHARD’S NCHARD’S .NCHARD’S .NCHARD’S NCHARD’S NCHARD’S NCHARD’S BOOK AND MAGAZINE COMPOSITION BOOK AND MAGAZINE COMPOSITION BOOK AND MAGAZINE COMPOSITION BLANCHARL BLANCHARL BLANCHARI BLANCHARL BLANCHARI BLANCHARL BLANCHARL BLANCHARL BLANCHARL BLANCHARL BLANCHARL BLANCHARI BLANCHARL BLANCHARL BLANCHARL BLANCHARL BLANCHARL BLANCHARL BLANCHARL BLANCHARL BLANCHARL BLANCHARI BLANCHARD BLANCHARD’S” BLANCHARD’S BLANCHARD’S BLANCHARD’S BLANCHARD’S BY BY BY ISAAC H. ISAAC H. ISAAC H. BLANCHARD BLANCHARD BLANCHARD COMPANY COMPANY COMPANY 268 and 270 268 and 270 268 and 270 CANAL STREET CANAL STREET CANAL STREET NEW YORK NEW YORK NEW YORK SCOTCH FACE SCOTCH FACE SCOTCH FACE SCOTCH FACE SCOTCH FACE vN CHARD’S BLANCHARD’S BLANCHARD’S BLANCHARD’S BLANCHARD’S BLANCHARD’S “That Scotch Face must be placed on our machines, and out at the disposal of the New York publishers.” —ISAAC H. BLANCHARD LINOTYPE COMPOSITION THE INLAND PRINTER 637 SCOTT LITHOGRAPHIC PRESSES ARE IN USE ALL OVER THE WORLD "ft Scott Lithographic Press For Fine Commercial and General Work. Scott Two-Color Lithographic Press For Fine Color Work. Runs as fast as single presses, giving twice the product. I u, | -T ^ ^ . |n ^ . ^ Scott Fast-running Lithographic Press Fifty per cent more product. Printed-side-up Delivery. No smutting of sheets. Scott Aluminum Rotary Is the peer of any Rotary Press on the market. Easy to Operate and Easy Running. |jlS^ Our new style Fast-running Stop- cylinder Lithographic Press is in successful operation in some of the leading houses. Examine it before ordering your next machine. SEND TO NEAREST OFFICE FOR LITHOGRAPHIC AND ALUMINUM PRESS CATALOGUE NEW YORK OFFICE. . . 41 Park Row w • r l . CHICAGO OFFICE. 321 Dearborn St. _ IvR ItPl* A C Ott 1 ,0 ST. LOUIS OFFICE. .. 319 N. 4th St. X ® H 1. A LFVULl A — i V/ O ^ PLAINFIELD. NEW JERSEY. U.S.A. 638 THE INLAND PRINTER ©lialiuctuu Printing ink tCnutganu MANUFACTURERS OF ALL GRADES OF BLACK AND COLORED Printing , Lithographic, Plate and Stamping Inks BRANCH STORES PRINCIPAL OFFICE AND WORKS Chicago Kansas City Omaha ST. LOUIS, MO., U. S. A. i ;■ a PI ART ENGRAVING & PP llLUDL ELECTROTYPE UU. 407-427 Dearborn Street, CHICAGO. FlccIrot/peWV;'.^^ ^ on Jstin^^es — r/U>^ on f^equest THE INLAND PRINTER 639 YARAII SHFS I6TT-IGTG ^Providence St CIACIN/M/ITI, OHIO SEND FOR OUR NEW SPECIMEN BOOK FULL EQUIPMENTS OF THE LATEST AND MOST IMPROVED RoIler=Making Machinery FURNISHED ESTIMATES FOR LARGE OR SMALL OUTFITS JAMES ROWE READY JULY 25T-H ? THE GREATEST CATALOGUE EVER ISSUED. A 624 Page book showing nearly 15,000 STOCK CUTS. A Great Boon to the Printer. AN UP-TO-DATE LINE For the Advertiser < Suitable for every business— Furniture of every description, Hardware, Stoves, Crockery.Carpets, Curtains, Pictures, Wall¬ paper, Clothing, Shoes, Dry Goods, Musical Instruments, Jewelry, Pianos, Harness, Horse Goods, Complete Depart¬ ment Store Lines, Holiday Goods, Toys, Lumber, Coal, Sporting Goods, Poultry, Live Stock, etc.; for the Painter, Tailor, Druggist, Grocer, Butch¬ er, Real Estate Agent, Insurance Agent, Con¬ fectioner and Optician; also for Hotels. Saloons, Restaurants, Bowling Alleys, etc. ^For the Printer f Cuts for complete catalogues of almost every trade will be found listed in our book, besides an immense line of ornamental designs and embelishments the printers’ Letter Heads, En¬ velopes, Cards, Tint Backgrounds, Orna¬ ments, Tail Pieces, Logotypes, Specially designed Initials, effective Sub-heads and Department Heads for booklet and newspaper use. cuts for Menus, Programs, etc. and Advertising Solicitors upon receipt of twenty-five cents which may be deducted from first $2.00 order. Sheets of special lines mailed for the asking : : : ; THE HAWTIN ENGRAVING CO. DESIGNERS. ENGRAVERS & ELECTROTYPERS. •v 14-7-14-9 - 151 - 153 Fifth Avenue. / CHICAGO, U. S. A. A 640 THE INLAND PRINTER THE HEAVIEST, SIMPLEST, MOST COMPACT AND HANDSOMEST TWO-REVOLUTION. COMPARE THIS ILLUSTRATION WITH THAT OF ANY OTHER. BARNHART BROS. & SPINDLER, WESTERN AGENTS, 183-187 MONROE STREET, CHICAGO Great Western Type Foundry, Kansas City; Great Western Tvne Foundry, Omaha; Minnesota Tvpe Foundry Co., St. Paul ; St. Louis Printers Supply Co., St. Louis; Southern Printers Supply Co., Washington ; A. G. Elliot Paper Company, Dallas ; E. C. Palmer & Co., Ltd., New Orleans ; Fundicion Mexicana de Tipos, City of Mexico. On the Pacific Coast— The Southwest Printers Supply, Los Angeles; Pacific Printers Supply House, Seattle; Pacific States Type Foundry, San Francisco. The Optimus What do you want in a printing press that is not furnished in the Optimus? It It It It It It It It It It It it It is not Strength, for it is the strongest, is not Speed, for it is the fastest. is not Register, for it is the most exact and unvarying. is not Distribution, for it is the most thorough. is not Sheet Delivery, for it is the best. is not Driving Motion, for it is the simplest. is not Cylinder Lift, for it is a plain, uncomplicated eccentric. is not Weight, for it is the heaviest. is not Simplicity, for it has least parts, acting with great directness, is not Ease of Operation, for it runs quietly with little power, is not Convenience, for it is the handiest is not Endurance, for it is in use after fifteen years, is not Beauty, for it is the handsomest. We produce the most perfect of printing presses. We know of no work so exacting in any direction as to fully test its capabilities. It easily meets the most critical demands now made by work of highest quality, with a reserve of accomplishment for that which shall be still better. Since the great fire, the printers of Baltimore have bought the Optimus four to one of any other, and several times all others combined. Had we been able to fill all orders we would have sold even more. The Optimus had earned and, therefore, deserved, the preference given it. Compressed Quality This Series is made in Thirteen Graduated Sizes, thus meeting every possible requirement; Cast ol the well- known Nickel-Alloy Type Metal, on Universal Line and Point Set— Four Very Desirable Points ot Merit that have made Keystone Type the Criterion ot Quality to the Printer ;. 6 A 12 a, $3.50 PICKING SORTS DON’T PAY Makes Additional Expense He Loses aU of $1234567890 THE JOHN HANCOCK CONDENSED SERIES 6-Point. 22 A 4-4 a, $2.00, C. $0.90 I.. C. $1.10 THE PRESS LAWS IN RUSSIA ARE THE MOST SEVERE IN EXISTENCE. THEY ARE PRACTICALLY THE SAME AS When First Promulgated Under Nicolas I, and are such as to Practically Prevent the Publishing ol any news without First Passing Under the Lynx-Eye ot the Censor. Criticism ot a Government Olficial would Result in the Imprison¬ ment ol the Entire Stall and the Confiscation ol the Paper IN JAPAN THE PRESS WAS LIBERATED BY BOTH HOUSES OF THE GOVERNMENT IN The Year 1897, and is not Restricted in Presenting any News or Comment with the Exception ol that Insulting to Mutsiko 12-Point. 16 A 32 a, $2.75 C. §1.20 L. C. $1.55 HOW DIFFERENT IN AMERICA! WE MAKE A PARROT OF A GOVERNOR And a Long-eared Animal of Mule Characteristics of Our Presidents! DON’T USE POOR TYPE WHEN THE COST OF THE BEST IS THE Same and Gives You a larger Return for the Cash Invested 18-Point. 9 A 18 a, $3.25 C. $1.45 L. C. $1.80 THIS SERIES IS CAST OF Nickel-Alloy, the Hardest Type Metal Made To-day 30-Point. 4 A 7 a, $3.50 .$1.60 L. C. $1.90 DISPLAY Type Speaks 36-Point. 3 A 6 a, $4.50 C. $2.20 L. C. $2.30 Modern JOB FACE 42-Point. 3 A 5 a, $5.00 C. $2.70 L. f. $2.30 BREAK Record 48-Point. 3 A 5 a, $6.00 C. $3.25 L. C. $2.75 Leaky SOLES 60-Point, 3 A 5 a, $9.00 C. $5.00 L. C. $4.00 TYPE Talk The 8 and 72-Point Sizes are in Preparation and will be ready soon. Up to and including 36-Point, carried in stock in weight fonts ol 25 Pounds or multiples thereof and sold at the regular Job Type Weight Font Prices KEYSTONE TYPE FOUNDRY Philadelphia and New York BOSTON CHICAGO RICHMOND ATLANTA PARAGON Paper Cutters Manufactured and for Sale by The KEYSTONE TYPE FOUNDRY Philadelphia and New York |HESE CUTTERS are con structed of the very best materials and are perfect Cutting Machines in every respect. The levers are so placed as to give the greatest amount of power with the least exertion, and the oblique movement of the knife in cutting adds still more to the ease of operation, thus making the Paragon the most powerful and easiest operated lever paper cutter manufactured. MADE IN FIVE SIZES 14, 22 y2. 25 30 & 32 inch BOSTON CHICAGO RICHMOND ATLANTA THE INLAND PRINTER 641 OES Calendar 1905 Pads Slock Certificates Bond Blanks Diploma Blanks We are the originators of these specialties for printers’ use. Our Calendar Pads are Lithographed (not printed) , which insures uniformity of color and margin. We have 38 styles and sizes. Samples for 1905 now ready. Our line of blanks is recognized as the largest and most com¬ plete on the market. 100 styles Stock Certificates 47 “ Bond Blanks 10 “ Diplomas 4 “ Check Blanks Samples and prices on application. Lithographers, whose facilities are limited, will find it to their advantage to have us execute their large orders for color and commercial work. We run eighteen lithograph presses, sizes 17 x 22 to 44 x 64 inches (your imprint on your orders). Trade work is one of our specialties. Goes Lithographing Company Sixty=First and Clark Streets CHICAGO 642 THE INLAND PRINTER THE LATEST Quadruple 16 Book Folder Double Thirty- two All folds are at right angles. All “buckling” is relieved. MADE BY BROWN FOLDING MACHINE CO. ERIE, PA. AGENCIES NEW YORK— H. L. Egbert & Co. 150 Nassau Street CHICAGO — Champlin & Smith 121 Plymouth Place LONDON — W. C. Horne & Sons 5 Torrens Street, City Road THE INLAND PRINTER 643 644 THE INLAND PRINTER DEXTER FOLDERS THE DEXTER SPECIAL DOUBLE SIXTEEN FOLDER WITH PARALLEL FOLDS AND A DEXTER AUTOMATIC FEEDER. THE NEW DEXTER RAPID DROP ROLL JOBBING, BOOK AND PAMPHLET FOLDER. Folders of every description. Feeders for Printing Presses. Folding and Ruling Machines. DEXTER FOLDER CO. World’s Fair Exhibits Liberal Arts Building , Block 10 Administration Building ^ Model Print Shop THE INLAND PRINTER 645 DEXTER FEEDERS THE DEXTER AUTOMATIC FEEDING MACHINE ATTACHED TO A SHEET-FEED ROTARY PRESS. THE DEXTER AUTOMATIC RULING MACHINE FEEDER. SOLE AGENTS JV rite for Catalogues and Full Information. Great Britain and Europe T.W. & C. B. Sheridan, London, Eng. Canada, J. L. Morrison Co., Toronto Australia, Alex. Cowan & Sons Melbourne, Sydney, Adelaide South Africa, John Dickinson & Co. Cape Town, Johannesburg and Durban DEXTER FOLDER CO. Main Office and Factory — PEARL RIVER, NEW YORK CHICAGO NEW YORK BOSTON Southern Agents — J. H. Schroeter & Bro., Atlanta, Ga. Mexico — Louis L. Lomer, Mexico City 646 THE INLAND PRINTER ^_/ 111 ^/foitomatic ^/luiogauge toiih MEGILL’S tviih MEGILL’S AUTOMATIC c&np&A PLATEN GUIDES Unlted^States REGISTER ^ GAUGE PINS Value bpe?p*^ GAUGE 'tf -~Jik ¥m gauges STYLES AND PRICES IN VARIETY hI WRITE FOR DESCRIPTIVE MATTER The F I *R S T in 1h e World. BEST and LATEST EDWARD L. MEGILL, Patentee and Manufacturer, 60 Duane St., NEW YORK A P|T Y Typographic Numbering Machine Machines for Cash Sales Books, i to 50 or 1 to 100 and repeat % inch. Type High. tirely from steel and fully Special machines made to order with drop ciphers, entirely automatic, for printing backward without stopping the press ; also, machines for Harris Automatic Press, or any other special numbering machine or device. We have made Numbering Machines of various kinds for many years, and having a thorough knowledge of the other machines of this kind, have produced the APEX as the highest point in the art of making this class of goods, and the APEX in the hands of many users has proved to be the best, without exception. References and prices on application . New York Stencil Works 100 Nassau Street, .... NEW YORK CITY New Acme Automatic Clamping Cutters 'It in 34 inch , 38 inch , :nch , 46 inch & 30 inch . SELF, HAND and FOOT CLAMP In Combination Inside Gear, Flush Box Frames, Crank Motion, Cut Gears and Steel Shafts The Child Acme Cutter & Press Co. 33-35-37 Kemble Street, BOSTON, MASS. 41 Park Row, - - NEW YORK, N. Y. St. Louis Printers’ Supply Co., 211 N. Third St., St. Louis Miller & Richard, - - 7 Jordan St., Toronto, Canada G. E. Sanborn & Co., . Chicago Alling & Corey, - 225 Washington St., Buffalo, N. Y. A. Lawrence Smith, - 661 Rose Bldg., Cleveland, Ohio Hadwen-Swain Mfg. Co., 215-217 Spear St., San Francisco, Cal. Geo. C. James & Co., - . Cincinnati, Ohio THE INLAND PRINTER 647 AMERICAN ^ D E Aj AMERICA IS NOT LARGE ENOUGH TO HOLD AMERICAN PRINTING INVENTIONS These find a ready sale on the British market, which presents a field as remunerative as it is world-wide. Walker Bros, have absolutely unrivaled facilities for placing well-tested inventions on the British market, and are open to take up sole agencies for approved lines. Cfir Bnttofj JWarfcrt WALKER BROS., of Bouverie Street, London, are known throughout British printerdom as the suppliers of everything, from a bodkin to a mammoth news press. Their staff of representatives moves in the best trade circles, and by them Great Britain and Ireland is systematically worked. Walker Bros.’ house circular, 11 The Printers ’ Engineer ,” mailed gratis monthly to every known printer in the British Empire, is not only read but kept for reference. It is questionable if any house in the world has better means of reaching the trade at home and abroad. WALKER BROS. Printers’ Engineers and Sundriesmen 31 BOUVERIE STREET, E. C., LONDON, ENGLAND CORRESPONDENCE INVITED Chas. Hellmuth MANUFACTURING AGENT FOR KAST & EHINGER Awarded Grand Prix and Two Gold Medals at Paris Exposition Printing and T \T 17 O Lithographic X ll J\^ O SPECIALTIES FINE HALFTONE BLACKS for job and magazine work Bi=tone Inks* Three-Color PROCESS INKS BRILLIANT COVER INKS in various shades and combinations Unsurpassed Proving Blacks Factories: { 357-359 S. Clark Street, Chicago 648 THE INLAND PRINTER Durable Wire Stitcher THE EXPANSION SYSTEM OF PRINTERS’ BLOCKS Is the only one meeting every require= ment of the printer. Book, color, catalogue, label work and work where narrow margins are necessary, all can be handled with equal ease on these blocks. They are the only ones beyond the experimental stage. Accept no substitute. Be safe and insist on the original Challenge Sec= tional Blocks. The price is right and the Blocks are absolutely guaranteed. Send for free Treatise on Blocks. Manufactured by TBe CHALLENGE™ MACHINERY CO., Grand Haven, Michigan The Reliance Rotary Planer THE NEW TYPE-HIGH MACHINE (with motor) CHAS. BECK PAPER CO. Ltd. 609 Chestnut Street. PHILADELPHIA. PA. PAUL SHNIEDEWEND & CO. Get a F. E. OKIE COMPANY’S 40c. Cut JBlack Is acknowledged superior in color and working qualities by all the leading prin¬ ters both in this country and in Europe. Its finish is unequalled by any other ink in the world. It needs but a trial to be convinced of the many advantages this ink has over others. It requires no slip-sheeting, on account of its rapid drying qualities when printed, but does not dry on press or rollers. Is free from all tack and needs no doctoring. Three grades always in stock. 3f, )£. ©fete Company KENTON PLACE m PHILADELPHIA, PA. PRINTED ON IRWIN N. MEGARGEE & CO.’S “SNOW-WHITE ENAMEL” THE INLAND PRINTER 649 650 THE INLAND PRINTER THE INLAND. PRINTER 651 PeerlessCarbonRlack very ink maker that tries it t continues to use it:— Very ink made with it prints perfectly pwith a black brilliant impression. JAENECKE BROS, A FR.SCHNEEMAN. lead these letters from representative ink makers CARBON BLACK for the ook at the printing in this paper, - ^ the ink used was made with it, Very ink maker should use it •for litho and halftone inks. Yours faithfully . , MANDER BROS. ufficient for trial CHAS. ENEU JOHNSON «, CO. amples, prices, etc. can be \ Obtained from; TRADE GUARANTEES*^, OM Made by The Peerless Carbon BlackCo., Pittsburg, Pa. SoleAgents : Binhey fit Smith Co. NEW YORK LONDON PARIS HAMBURG 81-83 FULTON ST. 63 FAR RING DON ST. 15 RUE ELZEVIR. 55-57 NEUERWALL. 652 THE INLAND PRINTER FULLER AUTOMATIC FEEDERS NEW MODEL For Printing Presses, Folding M achines, Ruling Machines, etc. Accurately feeds all kinds of paper, light or heavy. Can be attached to any make or style of Printing Press working flat sheets. Adapted to all classes of letterpress, lithographic or color work. WE GUARANTEE AN INCREASE IN PRODUCTION OF TEN TO TWENTY-FIVE PER CENT OVER HAND FEEDING, PERFECT REGISTER AND SAVING IN WASTAGE OF STOCK. Thousands in successful operation. Fisher Building CHICAGO E. C. FULLER COMPANY 28 Reade Street NEW YORK THE INLAND PRINTER 653 ?■ ECONOMICAL POWER FOR PRINTING, ENGRAVING AND BOOKBINDING PLANTS Electricity is undeniably the most economical power that can be installed, either in new or old plants. Our motors are specially de¬ signed for this class of work and give the best results. The use of our motors means not only a decrease in the cost of power, but also an increase in output, thereby effect¬ ing a double saving. Write for a copy of our booklet, No. 2114. SPRAGUE ELECTRIC COMPANY General Offices: 527 West 34th Street, New York Branch Offices in Principal Cities & 4 THE COY ROTARY IS UNSURPASSED FOR MAKING COUNTER CHECKS, RAILWAY TICKETS, CIRCULARS, LABELS, POSTERS, ETC. It will deliver from 5,000 to 50,000 sheets per hour, conditioned on size of sheet. It cuts off or rewinds, slits, perforates, punches and numbers in a variety of ways. It prints from flat plates. THE COY PRINTING PRESS CO., 107 South Sangamon Street, CHICAGO 654 THE INLAND PRINTER OSWEGO MACHINE WORKS, Oswego, N.Y. NIEL GRAY, Jr., Proprietor NEW SIZES Oswego Small Power Cutters SIZES— 26-Inch, 32-Inch and 36-Inch. Each machine squares a sheet one inch larger and is one and one-half inches larger between frames than the listed size. These are the leading small power cutters — fit a small niche in the big concern or the small niche in the small concern. Economizers of floor space ; simplest possible mechanism (only two gears) ; solid frame bracing table directly under strain ; lively running, accurate cutting machines. Ask for detailed description ; also, if you are interested, circulars of the following -(instant ship¬ ment from stock of any size or style) : OSWEGO AUTOMATIC CLAMP CUTTERS BROWN (& CARVER HAND CLAMP CUTTERS OSWEGO DIE-CUTTING PRESSES OSWEGO LEVER CUTTERS OSWEGO BENCH CUTTERS THE INLAND PRINTER 655 MODERN PRINTING-OFFICE I I FURNITURE I I DURING the past few years there has been a notable advance in the construc¬ tion of printing-office furniture. This change is especially noticeable in the line of heavy storage cabinets for galleys, tied-up matter, standing forms, etc. These compact pieces of furniture are great economizers of space, and are now being generally appreciated. We show here what we term our Government Galley Cabinet, so named on account of its being one of many special pieces of furniture we have lately supplied for the new Government Printing-office at Washington, D. C. GOVERNMENT GALLEY CABINET This cabinet is substantially constructed of hardwood throughout. The total length is 9 feet 5 inches, depth 28/4 inches, height 3 feet 2 inches. The top is of heavy hardwood plank, 2 inches thick. There are 13 shelves for galleys. The drawers run clear through the frame. There are four compartments for the storage of empty galleys. Cleats on top for holding galleys filled with type, and wire hooks at the back for copy. Weight, 900 lbs. PRICE, complete, $130 — less usual discount. CPI-ifa I T '1 m 1 1 i / IX/TTrr C^f\ Main °ffice and Factory; • • • two rivers, wis. X IlC jndlllll ion V^O. Eastern Office and Warehouse : MIDDLETOWN, N. Y. 19" SEND FOR OUR SPECIAL WOOD TYPE CATALOGUE. Our goods are carried in stock by all first-class dealers in printers’ supplies in the United States, Canada, Mexico, England, France, Germany, South Africa and Australia. ASK FOR HAMILTON GOODS — see that you get them. LOOK FOR THE STAMP — it is a guarantee of excellence. A VALUABLE LINE GAUGE SENT TO EVERY PRINTER WHO WILL ASK FOR IT 656 THE INLAND PRINTER RELIABLE Printers* Rollers FOR Summer Use ORDER THEM NOW FROM Sam’l Bingham’s Son Mfg. Co. 201=207 South Canal Street CHICAGO, ILL. Unexcelled for its perfect folding quality, pliability and unusual strength Something New XXX- * COVER EXTRA STRONG PERFECT FOLDER TWO SIZES) 20x25 = 60, 80, 100 lb. SIX WEIGHTS) 22 2 *283 = 80, 100, 130 lb. six colors] Coated Two Sides | White Azure Rose Green Primrose India Tint Sold by Paper Dealers Everywhere The Champion Coated Paper Co. HAMILTON. OHIO UNSURPASSED FOR EMBOSSING Copyright, 1904, The Inland Printer Co. THE SCOT. Copyright, 1903. by The Inland Printer Company. THE LEADING TRADE JOURNAL OF THE WORLD IN THE PRINTING AND ALLIED INDUSTRIES. Vol. xxxiii No. 5. CHICAGO, AUGUST, 1904. THE VALUE OF ART INSTRUCTION.* BY GEORGE SHERMAN. to a few years ago the average patron of the print-shop felt content in his reliance upon the compositor’s knowledge of dis¬ play and arrangement. Whether or no the printer had a proper conception of correct usage in the selection and arrangement of type-faces usually was a matter beyond the average cus¬ tomer’s province to distinguish. It was an easy matter to convert the user of printing to the ac¬ ceptance of a vulgar and incon¬ gruous production with the argument that there were but limited possibilities within the use of type, and that the added cost of alterations would not be compensated for by the improvement. To-day, quality, embodied in a higher sense of art. is the predominating feature of good printing. Even cost is a lesser consideration with the wise and critical customer. He is alert and sensitive to fashionable type¬ faces, even to the extent of his wife’s familiarity with the latest in millinery. Furthermore, he has a degree of knowledge concerning proper display, artistic arrange¬ ment, “ whiting out,” and the very exacting customer is even keen to note technical mechanical details in com¬ position. The twentieth-century customer understands also that these details of “ quality printing ” require more skill and time on the part of the compositor and pressman than does the execution of haphazard work, and he is willing to pay for these extra pains. It is not an unfamiliar happening, nowadays, for the cost of author’s display, arrangement and style (not including changes in the text) to exceed the entire cost of the original composition. The tendency, therefore, is toward a better grade of printing at an increased * Designs loaned by courtesy of Dr. F. Louis Soldan, Superintendent of Instruction, for exclusive publication in The Inland Printer. 5-3 cost to the user, greater margins for profit to the pro¬ ducer and, withal, an increased demand for competent, exacting, finished art printers, at advanced salaries. In that the up-to-date user of printing is averse to leaving display arrangement to the compositor is evi¬ dence that he recognizes a lack of technical knowledge within the average practical printer. On page 659 is an example of recent manuscript from a critical customer illustrative of much conventional present-day copy. It is one proof of lack of confidence in the artistic judg¬ ment of the average printer. I doubt whether there is one first-class office in America that has not received similarly arranged copy from exacting customers within recent years. Evidence is strong, on the face of examples of this kind of manuscript, that the public is profiting by art instruction derived from technical and trade journals, and as the field for profit and opportunities for lucra¬ tive positions along these lines is increasing, to this same extent will it be necessary for the compositor to add to his knowledge of what is correct in display and arrangement. Unless the average printer devotes the same attention to art instruction that is given to the mere mechanical end of composition, he will soon revert to the position of a “ reprint ” tool in the hands of the better-paid artist and designer, who will continually fill the position rightfully belonging to the job printer. Even now is this condition a fact in several of Amer¬ ica’s high-class printing-offices. One of the largest concerns in New York city employs regularly two designers, who lay out and arrange every display job that goes to the composing-room. In such cases the compositor loses his prestige altogether, while the opportunities for advanced salaries are consequently meager indeed. That printing is rapidly evolving from a liberal art to a position among the fine arts is recognizable in that the study of type display, arrangement, proportion, bal¬ ance, etc., is fast occupying a prominent position in the 658 THE INLAND PRINTER SCIENCE SAINT LOUIS PUBLIC SCHOOLS H. Pearl, Sixth Grade, Thirteen Years. ARITHMETIC | SAIF51T LOUIS PUBLIC SCHOii Meyer Milner, Sixth Grade, Twelve Years. Russell Sewell, Eighth Grade, Fifteen Years. THE INLAND PRINTER 659 Ella McNamara, Sixth Grade, Fourteen Years. branch of art that eighty volumes of cover-and-title designs have been entered from the public schools of St. Louis alone. Space permits of the illustration of but a few of these, mostly the work of scholars between the ages of twelve and sixteen years. While much of the lettering is crude, there is evidence that attention has been given to the question of harmony, balance and arrangement in the designs. All of this shows that the methods of learning the trade must be revised and a large portion of it obtained in art instruction. As the demand for more and better printing increases, so does the field of opportunity broaden, and the demand for expert workmen grows in proportion. I do not doubt for a moment that there is plenty of room at the top for the old-time hand compositor who has long since been relegated to the rear through the advent of machines, if he will but take advantage of the art instruction offered through trade journals and technical schools. Dissipate the idea that technical schools and other means of instruction along these lines have a tendency to cheapen the trade by reason of an overplus of good men. It rather increases the demand for better work¬ men at advanced salaries, as is evidenced by the fact that the average wages paid the skilled mechanic are .greater to-day than ever before in the history of the printing business. curriculum of the public schools and art institutions throughout the country. The predominating feature of the educational exhibit of the Louisiana Purchase Exposition consists of a cover-and-title display furnished by the scholars of the public schools of every State in the Union. So keen is the interest of public instruction in this particular 'written for The Inland Printer. PROVING IN COLORS. IT is often desirable, and in many printing-offices producing only the highest quality of work it is the custom, when a job of more than one color comes in to submit author’s final proofs printed in the colors and upon the, stock intended for the finished work, the stock being trimmed to exact size. This practice is commendable from every viewpoint, but it is especially so to the shop handling the job, inasmuch as it reduces to the minimum the possibility of a “ kick ” being entered when the job is delivered. A wide acquaintance in job offices has convinced the writer that even among the “ art compositors,” comparatively few are familiar with the better methods of proving a job in colors. This paper treats of two thoroughly practical methods, one showing how to prove a single form in two or more colors at one operation, the other illustrating the method of proving after the job has been “ made up ” for colors into two or more forms. Either can be done with equal facility upon the imposing stone or proof press. In the former method the form is put in a chase and rolled with the principal color — say black. Next release the quoins, and, with a pair of tweezers, draw up such rules, lines of type, initials or ornaments as will appear in the second color, until they stand about two picas higher than the remainder of the form. The quoins should be sufficiently tight to prevent letters, etc., so drawn up, from dropping down to the level of 660 THE INLAND PRINTER the form. By laying a strip of three-em furniture on the furniture which surrounds the form the matter can be planed down to an equal height yet will be consid¬ erably higher than the matter which is to appear in the first color. Now tighten the quoins, wipe the black ink from the matter which protrudes above type height and apply the second color. Release quoins and push i ^ ~n down everything to type level with tweezers, being careful not to touch face of inked type. Form is now ready for proving if in two colors only. The second method of color proving is by far the best where a number of forms (as the pages of a booklet) are to be proved in two colors. Reference is made in this description to the drawings Figs. I and 2. It will be presumed that the pages have been made up for colors, all of equal dimensions and tied up, ready to be locked for the press and the proof stock cut to size of the trimmed booklet. After the width of the margins has been ascertained proceed as fol- paper' 9 Fig. 2. lows : Place quads, qqq, the exact width of the margin against one side and one end of the page and ink the form. Then place three io by io em pieces of metal furniture, fff, against the quads, qqq, and you have a gauge with which perfect register can be secured. Place one side and one end of your proofsheet against the metal furniture, fff, drop sheet squarely on form, remove pieces of furniture and proof is ready to be pulled. Proceed in the same way with the second color. This method can be operated very rapidly, and where a number of proofs of the same job and size are to be taken, even though in but one color, it should be utilized on account of the excellent appearance it affords to proofs which are to be sent out. Very frequently initials alone are to be printed in a different color from the rest of a page. In taking proofs of this kind the following mode of operation is found to be entirely satisfactory as well as rapid. First of all the initial is pulled from the page, being, of course, replaced by quads or furniture, and a proof of the page is taken. The proof is then laid face upward upon the bed of the proof press, with the usual paper packing which is used on the press underneath it. A piece of metal furniture is placed upon the proof just above the top line of reading matter and parallel to it the horizontal way, another piece of furniture along the left-hand edge of the reading matter the vertical way, the two thus forming a crotch (Fig 3). The initial is then inked and carefully placed face down¬ ward into this crotch, the frisket of the press turned down gently and proof pulled. When an initial is' printed with a tint back of it proceed thus : Take the HE field for printers is about to be widened in a manner which a few years ago would have been deemed impossible and derided, just as many of the wonderful inventions of the nineteenth century would have been de¬ clared children of the imagination at its beginning. Nelson and the brave sea cap- of his time would have laughed at the idea of armor-clad ships for the militant ries of the future; now nothing else is built for the purpose. The telegraph and telephone bring the world together in mar-, elous manner; these inventions or an idea that they would be in practical daily use ivould have been declared fanciful at the beginning of the century. Marvelous as are these inventions (and we have become so accustomed to them that, we accept them in a matter of fact way, and think nothing of their wondrousness) they pale somewhat when compared with the inventions of Mar¬ coni and De Forrest, popularly known as wireless telegraphy. These inventions, or information about them, are familiar to»the Fig. 3. main proof, first pulling initial, strike in tint-block next and over this strike in initial. It should be seen to, of course, that the bodies of tint-block and initial are of the same dimensions, otherwise the difference therein must be allowed for when putting the metal furniture in place. It is seldom that one sees a proof of a vignetted half-tone cut come from a print-shop which does not show a decided “ ring ” around the edge, yet it is the simplest of simple matters to avoid this defect entirely. After inking the plate take a clean cloth and carefully wipe off all the ink round the edge of the face of the cut to the depth of an eighth of an inch and no “ ring ” will show. It is to the practice of such minor niceties as these that several well-known printeries in this country trace their reputation for supremacy in the craft. THE INLAND PRINTER 661 Written for The Inland Printer. DISPLAY COMPOSITION. V. — WHITE SPACE AND MARGINS. CA ENERALLY speaking, white, is the groundwork T of all display. The black impression which the type leaves upon the paper builds upon it a certain structure, more or less complete, which we too often consider to be the whole thing, forgetting that the white, though plain and negative in itself, is what makes the black distinguishable. It is the white that holds the letters apart so they can be recognized, that separates the words so they can be readily found, that breaks the matter into paragraphs to rest the reader, that emphasizes the various parts so -no one can miss what is important, and binds the whole by a margin so as to preserve unity and distinctness of subject. White space is the building ground for which the advertiser so eagerly bargains, at a certain amount per inch or agate line ; and when he has bought it he generally desires to cover the property as completely and heavily as the building laws allow. The building laws for typographical construction are even ruthlessly transgressed in order to overload the spaces and crowd in typographical tenants. But nothing is really gained by these transgressions. The advertiser does not get ahead at some other man’s loss. He has to assume the loss himself. He must take all risks on his own shoulders. And it is merely through ignorance or preoccupation that he does not recognize his losses. Overcrowding in typography, while it alarms no health board, turns readers away from copy that might be of interest. It means the missing of attention, the repelling of the reader’s interest, a failure through overreaching. Overloading in typography does not bring about an actual demolition of the construction, but it causes its settling to a lower level at which the matter may be overlooked. The only loss of life is in the life of the printed matter. Overcrowding and overloading deaden display — and the loss is to the purchaser of the space, because he failed to make the best use of his ground. Some of the typographical building laws (section on white space and margins) are these: Do not build too close to your neighbor’s property. If possible always surround your structure with a good open space ; it shows off the structure better and lets light into it. Provide plenty of windows, air-shafts and skylights. Do not fill your structure so full of partitions that no light can get through it. Do not use heavy black material throughout ; on the other hand, light stuff alone is not sufficiently sub¬ stantial. But now to get at the necessity of white space with more exactness, let it be remarked that in the very shapes of the letters cast as type-faces there must be allowance for white as well as for black. In the open¬ ings within the letters, as for instance the centers of o’s, the loops of p’s or b’s, the spots of white high in the e’s or low in the a’s, as well as the separation of the stems in the m’s, n’s, u’s and h’s, if the white is too small the recognition of the letter may be difficult, even if the type is printed perfectly and not filled up with ink. We know it is also necessary that there should be proper distance between letters in order that no eye shall mistake close ol for d, rn for m, etc. The type¬ founders usually take good care of these things, namely, to so set the face upon the type body as to insure proper spacing, and to have the design of the faces such as will give good open letters. On these points the printer’s only responsibility is to choose the right typefounder. But after we admit that there must needs be white in the letters and between the letters, as well as between words, we come to the question of how much white there should be between lines. To be sure, the type¬ founder may provide a shoulder on his type that makes a solid form seem open ; but if he does not, the respon¬ sibility falls upon the printer to provide, by leading, that a sufficient amount of light is diffused upon the page. There is a certain esthetic quality at times in unleaded lines. Some type-faces have the ability to mass beautifully into an even gray that gives a de¬ lightful general effect in composing an artistic page. Some of our greatest masters in printing hold this as a standard of correct typography that the types should blend as a mass. As bibliophiles we can not but admit the excellence of such composition, but as eager readers or as students of display, we must relegate this fashion of work to such volumes as are printed for the quiet hours of leisure or for exhibition or collection. We feel that the subdued light of a great church or cathedral is proper. It is conducive to quietness and reflection. The stained-glass windows give ample light for the needs of the service. But in our business- offices we want no cathedral dimness. We want plenty of light and want the illumination placed where it is most needed for our work. So, in display, we can not do with the close forms and scant leading that may make another kind of work beautiful and satisfactory. We must have illumination even between the lines in order to lead the eye along easily, and also to give the individual word such separation above and below as we admit it needs to the right and left. Any word is clearer for a setting of white about it. The exact amount of white space which gives the word the most effective contrast can hardly be deter¬ mined by rule. Intelligent practice gives the necessary knowledge and knack without which no general laws can be of value. We can not say : to a certain size or extent of impression give a certain proportion of sur¬ rounding margin ; for the style of the face has decided influence and the very letters that happen to be used for the words may make the reading either easy or difficult. 662 THE INLAND PRINTER Two words, the size of those printed in Fig. i, if placed in the center of an otherwise blank page of The Inland Printer, would by no means represent the greatest strength that could be obtained for them. Space would be actually wasted. With either- the two words set larger in this page space or the two words set as they are in eighteen-point upon a smaller page, the proportions would be better. We might find, by THE HEADING infinite care, a point of greatest possible contrast and economy. It is not claimed that the adjustment of type and space in Fig. i attains “ greatest possible contrast and economy,” but it certainly gives to the words, “ The Heading,” an emphasis which is lost in Fig. 2 by' the close, heavy border. In Fig. 2 the words are smothered. It may be aristocratic in typography to “ keep down ” the individual, the ordinary word, and insist that it belongs to the “ mass ” ; but our democratic instincts rebel at this to claim that even among masses of words each must preserve its individuality. Words that are to be displayed must be removed by white space from the surrounding words, unless we resort to a black and gray contrast, as explained Fig. 2. and exemplified in Lesson III. Adjoining portions of display must be thought of while work is being set, else a heavy line or group of lines, or heavy rules or some mass of unrelated matter belonging to another space may crush down upon a heading or heave up under final lines in such a way as to confuse the reader as to the correct boundaries. Confusion as to the limits of display does not occur In almost any copy which is to be set in display, there are some parts that do not really seem to need illumination. On these economize On the other hand there are some parts which it is a crime against rea¬ son not to put in the strongest light In almost any copy which is to be set in display, there are some parts that do not really seem to need illumination. On these economize On the other hand there are some parts which it is a crime against rea¬ son not to put in the strongest light Fig. 3. Fig. 4. The same point that is made in regard to the border in Fig. 2 applies to the nearness of other type matter. The individuality of words is so impaired by crowd¬ ing that it takes considerable time to pick them out. Although in the lines of ordinary reading matter, or the body portion of an advertisement, we do not want all the words displayed and emphasized, still we want them distinct enough for easy recognition. only through the unforeseen arrangement of an adver¬ tising page, but is a fault that creeps into work devoted to one subject and set by one compositor. In a recent circular of a proprietary article, which was advertised to be good for use upon a man’s face after shaving and also an excellent thing to apply to a baby’s skin as a remedy or a preventive of rash, the compositor omitted to distinctly divide the page upon which these V THE INLAND PRINTER 663 two properties of the article were stated and displayed ; consequently the matter of the whole page seemed continuous, and from the headings the advice appeared to be that, “ In Shaving,” this article was “ Excellent for a Baby’s Skin.” White space is a natural means of separation between parts of display. It is not so popular for this purpose as rule, because, commonly, typographic work is crowded and a piece of rule does its work in less space ; for rule can cut the matter apart (so to speak) while white space must spread it apart. The disadvantage of rule, however, is that if it is light and set close to type, it is not very noticeable, while if it is heavy — and in the same position — it is likely to become the most prominent thing and injure the effectiveness of the line or lines beside it. The use of white space is the safer and more natural expe¬ dient, as the white does not detract from the strength of the separated parts but rather emphasizes them. Fig. 3 represents the effect of a heavy rule between two paragraphs. The separation is complete, but the rule is the strongest thing in the whole composition. Fig. 4 does away with rule and uses an open space, whereby the two paragraphs are kept distinct, yet are themselves the strongest parts of the composition. Fig. 5 is selected to illustrate the difficulty one may have in quickly recognizing divisions in type matter where there is little white allowed, and as a specimen it is not at all extreme. At first glance it is practically impossible to determine the exact number of advertise¬ ments included in Fig. 5. In fact, a rather careful examination of almost all the paragraphs is necessary in order that one may feel certain there is no pub¬ lisher’s name by any chance .overlooked. There are other faults here in Fig. 5, especially a lack of proper subordination, but we find at least the following points of transgression solely with regard to the use of white : The advertisement headings lose strength by being too near the page heading ; the descriptive paragraphs generally appear so dark as to make the reading of them seem a laborious task ; the limits of the space reserved by the different advertisers is not distinctly marked, especially in the column to the left. If advertisers are to get the credit of owning what they pay for, care should be taken to preserve unity in their matter and to see there is a distinct separation from the space belonging to others. Unity and iso¬ lation may be obtained in various ways, but the simplest is by letting the background of white, or whatever may be the color of the paper upon which the type is impressed, show between or around the type forms. To revert to “ the typographic building laws,” surround your structure with a good open space ; this shows it off better and lets light into it. Such is the reasonableness of margins, and they are needed not even so much in books as in the congested districts of newspaper and magazine pages. Figs. 6 and 7 make comparison between a display line of large type and a line in smaller type with emphasis obtained by white margin. While in Fig. 6 the line “ The Frame ” may be read at a greater dis¬ tance than may the same line in Fig. 7, it is doubtful if the size of the former makes the emphasis on the words as strong as we have it in the latter, although exactly the same amount of space in each case is devoted to the whole form. If, then, surrounding white space adds emphasis to a word, and the focal distance at which the matter is to be read is that of the ordinary “ arm’s length,” why not use the emphasis of white in place of the emphasis of black, gain a little force, save a little space perhaps, and incidentally give the type freer play to increase the possibility of artistic effect. In the use. of margins we find ourselves frequently influenced by a conventional practice which began in the earliest make-up of books and holds sway not only in books of our present time, but to some extent even in our general display. — -and this is (as exhibited in Figs. 3 and 4) that the lower margin is greatest, the outside margin next in width, while the upper and inside margins are either equal in width or vary slightly, with the. greater width given the upper. This practice doubtless began with a reason. It may have been on account of the way the sheet was Fig. 5. 664 THE INLAND PRINTER commonly folded and the uneven edges left for trim¬ ming. But perhaps the most reasonable argument for preserving this rule is that which considers that the margin is the “ handle ” of the book. The brim of a “ Derby ” is the handle by which we lift the hat ; the rim of a plate is the handle by which we pass it at the table. The handle of the book is the part by which we In framing a picture THE FRAME is chosen to keep any possible background of fresco tint or patterned wall paper from coming so close as to detract from the harmony of the work. Fig. 6. hold it ; and in holding the book, the thumbs take up more room when they project their length into the page from the bottom than when they merely extend themselves along the sides of the pages. Again, the type form is naturally set high on the page in order to get the matter well up before the eyes. In framing a picture THE FRAME is chosen to keep any possible background of fresco tint or patterned wall paper from coming so close as to detract from the harmony of the work. Fig. 7. These are but a few of the arguments and explana¬ tions given in behalf of the determined proportions of the book page, but whatever the initial reasons may have been tradition has so fixed this law upon our minds and taste that its observance pleases us and its disregard is not usually agreeable. Even in display, when we 'set a form out of the center, it seems better high than low, and better toward the binding side than the outside of the sheet. A tra¬ dition such as this can not safely be disregarded except in the attainment of some effect that can be foreseen to be stronger. (To be continued.) Written for The Inland Printer. THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE. BY F. HORACE TEALL. NO. X. - THE GRAMMAR OF ADJECTIVES. GRAMMARIANS and lexicographers have used various ■ expressions in defining adjectives, but their definitions are all meant to convey practically the same meaning. Differences are apparent, however* in the individual conceptions of the classifying limits of the word adjective. Etymologically it means simply added, with no reference to the manner of adding ; but as the name of a class of words, or a part of speech, certain restrictions are demanded. Thus a word is an adjective only when it is added to a noun or a nominal phrase. And the present writer, with a goodly com¬ pany, holds that mere position does not make the word become an adjective, although famous grammarians have said that it does. The definition that seems best is this, from the Century Dictionary : “A word used to qualify, limit, or define a noun, or a word or phrase which has the value of a noun ; a part of speech expressing quality or condition as belonging to something: thus, white¬ ness is the name of a quality, and is a noun ; white means possessing whiteness, and so is an adjective. The adjective is used attributively, appositively, or predicatively : thus, attributively in ‘ a wise ruler ’ ; appositively in ‘ a ruler wise and good ’ ; predicatively in ‘ the ruler is wise.’ ” Adjectives may be used with perfect propriety by persons who have never studied profoundly all their possible grammatical aspects. Goold Brown wrote forty thousand words about them, including his many quotations showing both right and wrong uses ; but the definition here quoted tells almost enough to cover all of the essential grammar of adjectives. When we add to that the fact that what is called comparison is the only accident, or cause of change in form, the whole story is told. Of course any such general story is divisible into details, and the study of all the details gives a more definite understanding ; therefore some statement of detail is valuable, though we can not believe that anywhere near all that has been said was ever necessary. Professor Meiklejohn shows us that care is needed in matters of detail, for he classes the same word in three different ways, and that is decidedly obnoxious to a clear understanding. In his “ English Grammar,” on page 34, he says : “ After, as an adjective, is found in aftermath and afterthought.” On page 117 he says that the word afterthought is composed of a noun and IDYLLS OF THE COUNTRY — No. VIII A RAINY DAY RETREAT THE INLAND PRINTER 665 a preposition, and on page 12 1 he calls aftermath a noun and a prefix. Now, the element in this identical use can not be three distinct things, and such teaching is confusing to say the least. Brown separates adjectives into six classes — com¬ mon, proper, numeral, pronominal, participial, and compound. Meiklejohn divides them into qualitative, quantitative, numbering, and demonstrative. These two methods are mentioned merely as specimens. Other grammarians have other methods, varying according to their differing points of view. No one of these methods can be called positively better than any other. In each the classifying terms merely describe the nature of the meaning of the words they cover, and in none is anything added to the student’s facility in the use of the words. Brown explains most lucidly the modifications of adjectives, as follows : "Adjectives have, commonly, no modifications but the forms of comparison. Com¬ parison is a variation of the adjective to express quality in different degrees. The positive degree is that which is expressed by the adjective in its simple form. The comparative degree is that which is more or less than something contrasted with it. The superlative degree is that which is most or least of all included with it. Those adjectives whose signification does not admit of different degrees can not be compared. Those adjectives which may be varied in sense, but not in form, are compared by means of adverbs.” Examples, in order as described, are hard, soft, large, small ; harder, softer, larger, smaller ; hardest, softest, largest, smallest; fruitful, more fruitful, most fruitful, less fruitful, least fruitful. The regular mode of comparison is by the suffixes er and est; but where these would make awkward or cacophonous words adverbs are used ; and some adjectives are compared by changing to different words, as many, more, most. Brown says that the regular method of comparison belongs almost exclusively to monosyllables, with dis¬ syllables ending in zv or y, and such others as receive it and still have but one syllable after the accent. This may be as good a statement as is possible, for it is a matter that can. not be subjected to definitive or dog¬ matic statement. Probably the best advice for settling uncertainty would send the inquirer to the dictionary in each case of doubt. Dictionaries generally give, in brackets just following the simple word, the forms of comparison. When these are not given, it is safe to assume that comparison by the use of adverbs is pref¬ erable. Brown gives, under the head “ Improprieties for Correction,” quotations from many writers. The*first is, “ I have the real excuse of the hone'stest sort of bankrupts,” from the poet Cowley, who wrote in the seventeenth century, and Brown says it is "not proper, because the adjective honestest is harshly compared by est.” He follows this with sentences containing such words as honorablest, modestest, properer, fre- quentest, notablest, dreadfulest, from about twenty writers, all of the same early period. It is true that these forms are now considered harsh and improper, but Brown has committed a worse impropriety than any of these writers did, for his collection of instances in itself proves that there was a time when the use of such forms was not improper. Samuel Ramsey, in “ The English Language and English Grammar, an Historical Study,” says : “ The first chapter of Matthew contains 474 words, of which, at the utmost, only five — quite as properly only three — are adjectives. In the first twenty-two verses of John’s Gospel — 393 words — there is only one adjec¬ tive, and that a monosyllable.” This is adduced merely in support of a statement that much may be said with¬ out using adjectives, and so it may. But this in itself has no bearing on the other fact, so often subjected to critical comment, that many persons abuse adjectives by using too many. When they are used with specific purpose, and add something to the expression that can not be otherwise given, they are indispensable. When this is not a patent fact, their room is much better than their company. It may be a matter of curious interest that the portion of John’s Gospel contains at least ten adjectives,' if we accept the classification given by most authorities. Ramsey evidently did not. He accepted as an adjective only the one word that is never any¬ thing else — and even that word (true) is sometimes called a noun, when it is used without the noun that must be understood with it. Thus we naturally reach another vital point in the classification of words, as to which we may again cite Meiklejohn : “ When we can not know to what class a word belongs by its look, we must settle the matter by asking ourselves what is its function. We need not inquire what a word is ; but we must ask what it does. And just as a bar of iron may be used as a lever, or as a crowbar, or as a poker, or as a hammer, or as a weapon, so a word may be an adjective, or a noun, or a verb — just as it is used.” Undoubtedly nouns are the words that most fre¬ quently become adjectives because of change in func¬ tion, but a very erroneous assertion is often made about them, as this by John Earle : " Brick and stone are substantives ; but mere position before another sub¬ stantive turns them into adjectives, as brick house, stone wall.” It is not mere position that turns these words into adjectives, but the fact that they perform a function other than that of mere naming. Whenever a noun is placed before another noun with the real function of attribution, the first of the two is in that use an adjective. When the two together make a mere name with no attribution, the two together properly form one compound noun, the first not being an adjective. Thus the commonest use of a noun in a real adjective sense is that of an uninflected name as a word of mate¬ rial qualification, as in naming a brick house, a stone wall. Place the same two words together in the sense 666 THE INLAND PRINTER of a house for brick (to hold brick), instead of made of brick, and the first part of the term remains nominal — - the term is a compound noun (brick-house), not a phrase ; there is no attribution, but only naming. The commonest example of this difference given in the books is glass house and glass-house. This assertion of a difference that affects classifica¬ tion is not made with any doubt as to the actuality of the difference, although its writer knows that many people will not admit it. The writer once, in speaking of the term brickyard to an editor of high standing, said that in that word brick was not attributive, and the editor said yes, it was, in a manner that seemed to assume that his companion only questioned it. But it was no question, but a positive assertion. It is meant here as a positive dogmatic assertion, which means that in such use brick, glass, or any such name is not an adjective. (To be continued.) Written for The Inland Printer. THE FALLACY OF TALL TYPES. BY R. COUPLAND HARDING. OUTSIDE of the ordinary range of the typogra¬ pher there is a group of experimenters in book- craft who design uncouth styles of type wherewith they proceed to print limited editions of weirdly decorated volumes for which high prices are charged. Sometimes these privately designed faces are not with¬ out a certain strength of character and distinction of style; practical designers have taken them in hand, toned them down, and corrected their crudities, and the improved forms have proved serviceable as job faces and even — though rarely — as text-letters. Any man who can write at all may, with a sable brush and a bottle of ink, produce a soAalled decora¬ tive alphabet in which irregularity and disproportion are the main features ; but to design a good and har¬ monious roman face requires artistic powers of a very exceptional kind, with the capacity also for much patient labor. Artists renowned in the higher branches of their art — decorative artists especially — rarely achieve success in letter designing. No doubt the striking letter recently originated by the French artist, Hugo Grasset, will at once occur to many readers of The Inland Printer as convincing proof to the contrary, but let them try to extend the list and they will be constrained to admit that the Grasset letter is one of those exceptions that do not vitiate the rule. Instances could easily be adduced of decorative artists of fine talents who perversely insist on inscribing the text as well as designing the ornament. When the open spaces of a drawing are occupied by weak and slovenly lettering — sometimes so disfigured by curls, twists and bad alignment as to be nearly illegible • — the general effect is disastrous. It is not, however, the more fantastic vagaries of type design that I would particularly consider, but the jealously guarded faces specially engraved for amateur presses. They do not greatly interest the practical printer, nor is he tempted much to envy the possessors of these treasures. It is not without concern, how¬ ever, that for a year or so past I have noticed the gradual invasion of a much “ boomed ” novelty, recom¬ mended on certain theoretical grounds as possessing superior legibility. Two or three varieties are now in the field. As display or job type, they might be numbered with the many experiments of the past fif¬ teen or twenty years ; but there has never been any serious attempt to recommend such as text-letters. These new faces are the outcome, we are told, of many years of experiment; they conform to certain optical and visual requirements in a higher degree than standard roman — in fact, the “ ideal ” book-letter has at last been found. Holding that the underly¬ ing principles on which these designs are based are demonstrably wrong — that the style is a debased one esthetically, and, so far from being advantageous optically, has the defect of imposing a strain on the vision from which the standard roman is free, I wish to give explicit reasons for such a conclusion. Theories, though based on undeniable facts, may lead one far astray when the said facts are first mis¬ represented and then misapplied. Hence the almost invariable disappointment attending efforts to embody in a special degree some particular root principle in any particular face. It is not to be wondered at that years of experiment — if the inventor is persistent enough — are required before a presentable result is obtained ; and then in all essentials it is found to fall short of the work of the man of readier methods who can grasp the practical aspects of the problems and who possesses artistic insight. The master designers of old and their modern successors, who, in four cen¬ turies, have developed the roman face into the most harmonious script ever used by mankind, realized that as regards either of the two fundamental qualities, beauty and legibility, not one basic principle nor two had to be taken into account, but many ; that there was more or less incompatibility among these varied ele¬ ments, and that the perfection of the type could be found only in a just balance of conflicting claims. In the new skyscraper, the “ Eiffel,” and kindred fonts, one quality is exaggerated to an inordinate degree. This is done deliberately, but with no intentional per¬ versity. It is known to all who have studied legibility of type that the line of vision runs a little above the center, for the reason that the distinctive feature of nearly all the characters is in the upper portion. With this fact fully in view, the present standard pro¬ portions have gradually been settled. Not content with this development, the innovators, while leaving the lower stems disproportionately short, have carried the ascenders to the inordinate height of double that of the small minims. This, it is explained, lightens the page. At the same time the set of the letter is con¬ tracted, making it more compact. If legibility was the object, the designers have worked on two antagonistic THE INLAND PRINTER 667 principles. If more height means more legibility, the principle should apply horizontally as well as vertically. The real result is, that in both directions the quality of legibility is impaired. The cramping of the letters and the lengthening of the stems are both retrograde measures if legibility is the object. But, as if it were not abnormal enough to design a face intended for serious acceptance on one principle vertically and the opposite principle horizontally, we have another anomaly. While the minims are com¬ pressed, the caps, are inordinately expanded, and, as rior legibility is a mistaken one. One fundamental consideration does not seem to have occurred to them. Taking a rule based on accepted conditions, they expect it still to apply after they have made a change in the conditions which upset all the previously exist¬ ing- proportions. Legibility is admittedly the first essential in text- type. .The act of reading involves coordinations, mental and physical, of the most complex character, acquired and developed by long and continual prac¬ tice. Into these I need not enter — in fact, to enumer- they are double the height of the minims, the incon¬ gruity is emphasized. The proportion of the ordinary alphabet of caps, to that of minims is a little over one and a half. (The founders carefully give us the measurement of the alphabet of minims, but withhold the equally important measurement of the alphabet of caps.) In the skyscraper (and the same applies to the other fonts on the same plan) the set of the caps, is about double ; it may be even more, so that a word in caps, in the text looks as if it had lit there by mistake. The “ compactness ” of the style is a fallacy, too, when it is borne in mind that the tall sorts necessitate a larger body. A twelve-point face is not made more compact by the simple device of casting it on fifteen-point body. To the principles governing the legibility of type I have given much study. The subject could scarcely be outlined in an ordinary article — it would need a book for its due consideration. But I think convincing reasons may be given and show that the main point on which the tall-type designers base their claim to supe- ate them would be impossible. They should operate simultaneously and automatically, for any break in the chain — anything diverting the attention from the sub¬ ject to the mechanical details of the operation — causes physical and mental strain. For advertising purposes, startling and eccentric effects are deliberately sought ; for ordinary reading they should be as carefully avoided. The beauty and unostentatious harmony of a text-type, its accurate alignment, its even spacing, its perfect presswork — all these things smooth the path of the reader. They are like the steel rails over which with a minimum of friction the loaded cars are drawn. The well-ordered proportions of the letters, by which the line of vision is never compelled to deviate from the horizontal, is an important help. Fig. i is an ideal diagram of the course of the reader’s eye along a horizontally printed' page (omitting the return move¬ ment from line to line). That is how the eye travels when undistracted. But let us suppose that at intervals there occurs some abnormal letter — one badly aligned 668 THE INLAND PRINTER would be sufficient in my case to call off the attention momentarily from the subject and the symbol. At each recurrence of the disturbing element it becomes more irritating, until when it takes possession of the sub- consciousness and is actually anticipated, it is hopeless Fig. i. to try to concentrate attention on tbe text. Here is a diagram of averted attention and broken coordination in such a case : JL Fig. 2. In the midst of a sentence or a word the reader is checked, and conscious effort is needed to patch up the broken thread. How does this affect the tall-type theory? Let us look back on previous developments. In the earlier romans, ascender and descender were of equal length and would probably have been so still had there been an equal proportion of each. The descending stems have been gradually reduced in length with the sole effect of very slightly raising the horizontal visual line indicated in the diagrams. If, instead of an Fig. 3. “ Eiffel,” a “ Flamingo ” had been devised, with abnormally long descenders proportioned to the ascend¬ ing letters, the legibility of the type would have been diminished, but only in this way — the path traversed by the eye would have been unnecessarily widened, the gauge would have been uncomfortably broad. The visual line, attracted now up, now down, woidd have been wavy, putting needless strain on the rotary muscles. (Fig. 3.) The axis of the line would have remained unaltered. It would still have been slightly above the center of the minims. But the skyscraper being lop-sided lifts the eye above the line of vision. It does still more. It breaks the coordination so that Fig. 4 only partly represents its disadvantages. Fig. 5 shows how it really treats the reader. Such, at least, was my experience. My first introduction to the novelty was in a four-page quarto advertisement. I was interested in the subject, but reading a single page made me so tired that I took the remainder as read. I take no exception to a “ fancy ” type, even though the ascenders are thrice the height of the minims. It would not commend itself to me, but the man who is wanting to push a new pill or electric (?) belt, or who is yearning to sell his stock at “a hundred per cent below cost ” would Fig. 4. probably find in it just what his soul longed for. What is to be deplored is any tendency to put forward, on the score of legibility, faces so lacking in that prime essential that they “ set on one’s nerve^.” The old masters - — Jenson, Didot, Van Dyk, Fleischman, Cas- lon — and their modern followers were not so ignorant of the fundamentals of their craft as some would have Fig. 5. us think. In a recent book on the United States it was said that the tall structures that, form so notable a feature in the modern cities were not built with any idea of permanence — that the life of a skyscraper was- estimated at about ten years. I doubt whether the new typographic tower of Babel will have even that brief vogue. ABBREVIATIONS. A certain London editor’s “ copy ” is so charged with amazing abbreviations that sub-editors and compositors have difficulty in wrestling with it. The contractions are, as a rule, understood, but the other evening sub-editors and compositors alike were “ floored,” for in a report of a sermon made by this particular journalist there was this — “tn.” Solutions were sought in vain, so the writer had to be seen in order that an explanation might be got. “What’s this — ‘tn?’-” asked the chief sub-editor. “ Simplest thing in the world,” said the abbreviationist ; “what else could it be but ‘ transubstantiation ? ’” A RECOMMENDATION. Myself and boy look for your magazine every month, and it is very much appreciated on its arrival, and I would strongly recommend every printer to take it regularly. — F. G. Moore, Pahiafua, Wellington, New Zealand. THE INLAND PRINTER 669 Written for The Inland Printer. GOVERNMENT NEWSPAPERS AND MAG¬ AZINES. NO. I. - BY ARTHUR F. BLOOMER. FEW, even of those who know the magnitude of the printing done by the Government of the United States and the vast capabilities of the Govern¬ ment Printing-office, have any conception of the num¬ ber of periodicals issued from it for the various bureaus and departments. These range from dailies OSCAR J. RICKETTS, Foreman of Printing, Government Printing-office. to quarterlies in frequency of publication, from single sheets to volumes of several hundred pages, and deal with all manner of information, including the sciences and useful arts. All of them are issued for govern¬ mental purposes and few, if any, compete to any extent with private enterprise. Of course, the greater num¬ ber of all Government publications are, in a sense, peri¬ odicals, being issued annually or oftener, but for the purposes of this article none are classed as such which are not published as often as quarterly, which is the postofhce definition of a “ periodical.” Believing that there is genuine interest in these newspapers and magazines of the Government, the manner in which they can be procured and the prices, where they are not free, have been given in each instance where that information is available. In getting information regarding these various periodicals I have had the cheerful assistance of Mr. Oscar J. Ricketts, foreman of printing of the Govern¬ ment Printing-office, and as such having the superin¬ tendence of sixteen different composing-rooms, besides proofrooms, pressrooms, and the other processes con¬ nected with printing, in which all these newspapers and magazines are printed, except those of the Weather Bureau and the Postal Guide. Mr. Ricketts is a young man who first became connected with the office about fifteen years ago, previous to that time having pub¬ lished a paper in the Twelfth Congressional District of Illinois. For a number of years he worked as a compositor, and later in the proofroom ; then he went away for two or three years, working on the news¬ papers of Boston and other cities, returning to case on the Congressional Record about 1894. When Mr. Palmer became Public Printer (for the second time), in 1897, he made Mr. Ricketts his private secretary, in which position he acquired such a thorough knowl¬ edge of all the workings of the office that at the death of Chief Clerk William H. Collins, in January, 1903, and the promotion of Captain H. T. Brian, who had been foreman of printing for more than a quarter of a century, to the chief clerkship, Mr. Ricketts was ready to take up the work where Captain Brian laid it down. His duties are of such an onerous character, especially during the sessions of Congress, as to require him to be on duty practically all the time, day and night, and more than once he has been called from his bed, after he had retired, to give his attention to matters the responsibility for which no one else cared to assume. The more voluminous of the periodicals herein described are printed in the main office of the great printing bureau, but many of the smaller ones are issued from the departmental branches, where are employed from a dozen to forty compositors, with other employes in proportion. Of those composed largely of tabular statements much of the matter is “ kept standing ” and “ picked up ” by the compositors, resulting in a great economy.. There are publications reviewed here that probably not a dozen of the employes of the printing-office know anything of, and, outside of the foreman of printing, there is probably not a man in the United States who could have mentioned one-half of them if called upon to name the periodicals of the Govern¬ ment, and, of course, the information of the general public on the subject is almost infinitesimal. THE “ CONGRESSIONAL RECORD.” The Congressional Record, the greatest and best- known Government periodical, is a daily while it is published, which is only while Congress is in session. It bears the date of the day’s proceedings of the two houses which are printed in it, but it is not issued until the next morning. It is a quarto of two columns to the page, making from eight to as many pages as may be necessary, often over one hundred. After the daily editions are issued, the errors, whether of reporter or printer, which are inevitable in a daily pub¬ lication, are corrected, the type is again made up into what is known as the permanent or bound Record, of 670 THE INLAND PRINTER from three or four volumes of one thousand pages each during a short session to seven or eight during a long session, and these grow musty on library shelves dur¬ ing the ages, resorted to only by the student of politi¬ cal affairs or to find the damning proofs that some statesman has stultified himself. The Record contains nothing except reports of the proceedings of the two houses of Congress and information in connection with the members, the latter being called “ dead horse ” by the printers, as it is only used to make up ing the earlier weeks of the session is sometimes quite voluminous. DAILY AND MONTHLY “ CONSULAR REPORTS.” In the whole list of Government periodicals there is none that is of so much interest to the general reader as the Consular Reports, which are issued daily and then made up into a monthly. A glance at the “ Con¬ tents ” — more than a glance is impracticable in the space that can be given in an article like this — will CACTUS GARDEN, STANFORD UNIVERSITY, PALO ALTO, CAL. Photo by P. A. Hachet, San Jose, Cal. the full signatures, such matter consisting of the names and city addresses of Senators and Members, the personnel of committees, rules regarding the print¬ ing of the Record, etc. The Record has an edition of about twenty-two thousand, though I have never seen a sworn statement of the business manager to that effect. It is circulated largely by Senators and Members, each Senator being entitled to eighty-eight copies and each Representative to sixty copies, which are mailed direct to their con¬ stituents from the office. If all took their full quotas, the edition would be over thirty-five thousand. It is also delivered each morning to all the principal officers of the Government, to certain libraries and sent to all subscribers. The subscription price of the Record is $4 per year for a short session and $8 for a long one, subscriptions being received by Capt. H. T. Brian, Chief Clerk of the Government Printing-office. A comprehensive biweekly index of the Record is also printed and sent to all who receive the daily. This is of the same page size as the Record, and dur- show the wide range of subjects covered, these being the titles of a few of the two hundred articles in the monthly for May: Aerial Transportation Cable in Spain. Automobile Railway Cars. Bargain Days in Leipzig. Canadian Canals. City-Owned Street Cars. Damage Claims by Hotel Keepers. Eggs and Poultry in England. Fireproofing Wood. German Potash Syndicate. House Heating in England. Ice-Making Machine. Labor Unions in Mexico. Marriages of Foreigners in Peru. Names of Pork Exporters Wanted. Overtaxation in Brazil. Patents in Canada. Preparing Clams for Food Purposes. Prohibition of American Beer in Brazil. Quinine Auction at Batavia. Radium as a Pain Killer. Sailing Wagons Wanted in Germany. THE INLAND PRINTER 671 Sunday a Day of Rest in Spain. Transportation of Liquid Air. Unbreakable Tableware. Working Hours on Prussian Railroads. The daily contains sixteen octavo pages, printed on but one side, while the monthly for May consists of 230 pages, in paper cover. The Consular Reports, which are the reports of United States consuls in all parts of the world, were formerly published by the State Department, but are now issued by the Bureau of Statistics of the Department of Commerce and Labor, and are sent free to all applicants. A note of caution on the cover says : In order to prevent confusion with other Department bureaus, all communications relating to Consular Reports should be carefully addressed, “ Chief, Bureau of Statistics, Department of Commerce and Labor, Washington, D. C.” MONTHLY “ SUMMARY OF COMMERCE AND FINANCE.” Of the many valuable publications of the Govern¬ ment none is more useful to the business man than this, also issued by the Bureau of Statistics, Department of Commerce and Labor. The February number, before me, contains 577 quarto pages and two large Paster ” maps — one of “ Eurasia, showing the Russian Empire and the Trans-Siberian Railroad,” and the other “ Japan and its Relation to the Territory Border¬ ing on the Pacific Ocean ”- — and is% so entirely filled with information that even the covers contain large tabular statements. The “ General Contents ” will give a pretty good idea of the matter contained, though it is indeed very general, while the information is subheaded with the greatest particularity. “ Com¬ mercial Russia in 1904” covers about one hundred and twenty pages, dealing with every industry ; to “ Com¬ mercial Japan in 1904 ” is devoted about fifty pages ; then come “ Customs Tariff of the Republic of Cuba,” “ Commercial Notes,” “ Miscellaneous Statements,” “ Internal Commerce,” “ Financial Tables,” “ Prices of Leading Articles,”. “ Foreign Commerce of the United States,” and “ Commerce of Non-contiguous Terri¬ tories of the United States.” A note on the second page of the cover says : The reports of this Bureau are supplied to applicants with¬ out expense so long as the editions allowed for distribution will permit, and can be purchased at a small price by applica¬ tion to the “ Superintendent of Documents, Office of the Public Printer, Washington, D. C.” The Superintendent of Documents has it listed on his catalogue at 35 cents, which is very little money for the great amount of information furnished. No yearly subscription price is given. The purely statistical portions are issued in the shape of “ Advance Sheets ” before the regular edition is ready for distribution, comprising sixty-eight pages of solid figures. “ MONTHLY BULLETIN OF THE INTERNATIONAL BUREAU OF THE AMERICAN REPUBLICS.” This is a monthly printed in English, French, Spanish and Portuguese, giving a review of the gov¬ ernmental, financial, commercial and industrial trans¬ actions of the American Republics, so far as they can be given within the limits of a magazine of four hun¬ dred pages, particular attention being paid to matters that are of international interest to the republics of the New World. The entries in the index of the April number will give a general idea of the class of matter published : Transfer of Senor Don Fernando E. Guachalla, Bolivian Minister to the United States. Pan-American Railway. International Commission of American Archaeology and Ethnology. Progress of international arbitration. Argentine Republic : Port movements in December and the calendar year 1903 — New port dues — Tramways in Buenos Ayres — • Commerce and production in 1903. Bolivia: Budget for 1904 — Tariff changes — Parcels-post convention with Peru. Brazil : Statistics .... Cotton mills — Restoration of the modus vivendi with France — The national debt. Colombia: Tariff modifications. Cuba : Lease of coaling or naval stations to the United States — Financial statement for February. Guatemala: Message of President Cabrera — Tariff modi¬ fications. Mexico : Statistics .... Regulations governing the admission of Orientals into the Republic — Work of the inter¬ national Sanitary Bureau. Salvador: Message of President Escalon. United States: Trade with Latin America — Consular trade reports — Foreign commerce for February, 1904 — Recognition of Latin- American consular officers — Iron and steel exports during February, 1904 — Naturalization treaty with the Republic of Haiti — New definitions of sugar. Uruguay: Movement at the port of Montevideo in Decem¬ ber and the calendar year 1903. Venezuela: Message of President Castro — Tariff modifi¬ cations — -New mining code. World’s production of gold for 1903. Trade oppprtunities in Latin America. Book notes. Library accessions and files. Appendix. Formerly this magazine accepted advertisements, but such strenuous objections were made by private publishers that they were discontinued, though it had a patronage from those seeking to introduce their goods into the Latin-American countries sufficient to make it remunerative. The price of the Bulletin is 25 cents for a single copy or $2 per year, and it may be procured of the Director of the Bureau of the American Republics, as may the handbooks of the various republics, etc., which are published from time to time. (To be continued.) A WEALTH OF NEW IDEAS. Please find inclosed $2.50 draft, for which please push my date of subscription forward one year. I find that no printer with any push or “ want-to-go-ahead ” can get along without The Inland Printer. Although I am practically a “new one” on your list, I have found it very valuable to me. It is certainly fine. I gain a great number of good ideas from each number, which I am saving to have bound as soon as I have received a full volume. — R. E. Morton, Hanley Falls, Minne¬ sota. THE INLAND PRINTER 673 1 20-130 Sherman Street, Chicago, U. S. A. EDITORIAL NOTES. H. BEERS, 170 Edmund street, Birmingham, • England, has been appointed exclusive agent for Great Britain and Ireland for The Inland Printer. Mr. Beer’s extensive acquaintance with the English trade makes the appointment an eminently desirable one which The Inland Printer is assured will be welcomed by all interested. THE consensus of opinions of our British ex¬ changes is that American manufacturers did not make as creditable a showing as they might have done at the recent International Printing, Stationery and Allied Trades Exhibition. This was doubtless largely, if not entirely, due to the commanding preeminence of the St. Louis Exposition, yet it is not altogether pleas¬ ant to read in the British press that “ Our American cousins, who have sent us so many good things, were not so fully represented as the Germans.” THE Colorado situation, with its horrible loss of life, rash disregard of the constitutional guar¬ antees and unspeakable brutality, is the almost inevi¬ table result when men who know neither the need nor benefits of compromise gain the ascendancy. The rule- or-ruin policy in industrial disputes always spells waste, and often worse. The jurist, statesman, economist and moralist may each be able to draw a moral from the recent happenings in the Centennial State, but a perti¬ nent and practical one for the industrialist is that more can be gained by reason and fair dealing than by force. r N this issue there is a . X strikes and lockouts issued by the governments of several leading European countries. A perusal of the article is commended to those of our readers who believe in the efficacy of industrial strife. It shows that striking is a “ mighty onsartin’ business.” One seldom knows how a strike is going to end — some¬ times the men win, and more frequently — not very- much more, though — - they lose. But it is always expensive. The reports referred to show that a great percentage of the strikes are compromised through con- utIiic-L 10 nrlrlifiAnol fpcflinAtl v f A fllP WKflAtTI of fair and judicious compromise before letting loose the dogs of war. The settlement that is hailed as satis¬ factory after a few weeks’ loss of wages and profits could not have been fundamentally wrong if approved in the first place. FROM time to time we hear protests against the manner in which scenery is defaced by the ubiquitous sign painter or the printer and lithographer who decorates the dead walls of urban communities, but little has been accomplished in the way of curbing the alleged evil. In England, according to the Printing World, there is something — not much, but something - — - doing in this line of reform, as we are told that “ Sensational posters are going to be dealt with very 674 THE INLAND PRINTER drastically by Dover Corporation, who have obtained Parliamentary powers enabling them to establish a censorship over the hoardings. No doubt their inter¬ ference will be purely moral ; but Mr. Dudley Hardy seems to think that an art censorship is equally neces¬ sary. He believes that poster art is rapidly deteriora¬ ting. Advertisers will not give artists a free hand, but vulgarize the designs by insisting on the representation of pickle bottles, soap tablets and other prosaic objects.” Could grandmotherly interference go farther than the suggestion that the power of the government might be utilized in reading proof on the artistic get-up of posters ? THE Federation of Master Printers of Great Brit¬ ain has issued a booklet entitled “ Profit for Printers,” concerning which the official paper of the Scottish Typographical Association [Union] says : “ It is just what is wanted by a good many master printers, who require to be convinced that it is time to call a halt in the matter of cut-throat competition, and start afresh on a common-sense basis. The absurd dis¬ crepancies shown in many tenders of late years, while serious enough for those concerned in their compila¬ tion, exhibit a comic-opera style of doing business that is most amusing to an outsider.” The writer thinks the “ question of costs ” is coming rapidly to the front, and believes the information being gathered in Britain and America must soon bear fruit. Then this Scottish trade-union official delivers himself of a few ideas that are as applicable to conditions in this country as to those of the Land o’ Cakes : “ Why the [employing] printer should work at a figure that other tradesmen would not look at has often puzzled us, and while a small number have been eminently suc¬ cessful, it is well-known that many have had either to give up the struggle, or be content with a hand-to- mouth existence. It is notorious that both the butcher and the baker combine to keep up a certain standard of price for their commodities ; why, then, should not the printer act in a similar manner if he desires to attain a like result ? ” DR. HOWELLS ON THE GIRL PRINTER. N his “ Impressions and Experiences,” D. D. How¬ ells, D.C.L. (Oxford), and greater still, dean of American letters, tells of his kind-hearted and genial father’s struggles in that oft-mentioned country office in Ohio, where farm produce was legal tender and (in winter time) water froze on the type ready for dis¬ tribution. Though Dr. Howells is speaking of the fifties, the girl compositor was even then in evidence, and he com¬ pares her with her brother in this ungallant fashion : “ In my time we had three journeymen at work and two or three girl compositors, and commonly a boy apprentice besides. The paper was richer in a personal quality, and the printing-office was unquestionably more of a school. After we began to take girl appren¬ tices it became coeducative, as far as they cared to profit by it ; but I think it did not serve to widen their thoughts or quicken their wits as it did those of the men. They looked to their craft as a living, not as a life, and they had no pride in it. They did not learn the whole trade, as the journeyman had done, and served only such apprenticeship as fitted them to set type. They were then paid by the thousand ems, and their earnings were usually as great at the end of a month as at the end of a year. But the boy who came up from his father’s farm, with the wish to be a printer because Franklin had been one, and with the intent of making the office his university, began by sweeping it out, by hewing wood and carrying water for it. He became a roller boy, and served long behind the press before he was promoted to the case, where he learned slowly and painfully to set type. His wage was $40 a year and two suits of clothes, for three years, when his apprenticeship ended, and his wander-years (too often literally) began. He was glad of being inky and stained with the marks of his trade ; he wore a four- cornered paper hat in the earlier stages of his service, and even an apron. When he became a journeyman he clothed himself in black doeskin and broadcloth, and put on a silk hat and the thinnest-soled fine boots that could be found, and comported himself as much like a man of the world as he knew how.” VENAL JOURNALISM. N a recent issue of London Opinion, Roland Belfort, under the head “ Paris : the Pressman’s Paradise,” explains how it happens there are papers galore in that city. From Mr. Belfort’s article, we conclude there are no political bosses of the baser sort in Paris and that mercenary police are comparatively unknown, for the “ press ” seems to have preempted the most fertile fields of those worthies. “ Many people wonder,” he says, “ how Paris contrives to support about eighty daily political papers, when London can scarcely nourish a dozen. How do French journals exist and even flourish on a dwindling circulation and a beggarly advertise¬ ment list? The secret may be revealed. They depend on sources of revenue denied to British journals. There is the Government Secret Service Fund, an institution which has no counterpart in London. . . . The Paris gambling hells pay for creating a conspiracy of silence around their pigeon-plucking exploits. They distribute about 1,000,000 francs annually. Monte Carlo spends huge sums on the continental press — perhaps a little on the London press, ‘ indirectly.’ The principal financial establishments, banks, - big shops, railway, steamship and other companies, regularly fur¬ nish their quota of support. Thus the Credit Foncier and the Credit Lyonnais must be towers of strength to the French press. The best journals will write you a leading article with rich biographical details and deli¬ cate compliments for from £100 to £250. Do you yearn THE INLAND PRINTER 675 to pose as ‘ le plus Parisien des etrangers ’ ? They will, for spot cash, create for you a reputation for wealth, wit and seductive personal charm that can not but flatter your vanity and make you think what a devil of a fellow you are. Portrait, ten per cent extra.” THE DOLLAR VALUE OF SUAVITY. T seems that too few of those charged with the duty of employing men place a proper value on that difficult to define but important quality which has been termed adaptability. This not only comprehends the ease with which a man may adapt himself to the style and method of an office, but also his attitude toward his fellow employes. The most obtuse manager or fore¬ man can perceive the disadvantages attendant on the employment of a man who is so self-opinionated and stubborn that he will have his own way or contend for it in wordy argument at any and all times, irrespective of what customer or employer desires. Not only does he waste his time in vain contentions, but too frequently his “ spiels ” generate discussions in all corners of the room, for these disagreements are usually about some moot question concerning which there is as much to be said on one side as the other, there being little need for prolonged debate if one of the contestants be abso¬ lutely right and the other palpably wrong. Though he may be an excellent workman, it is easy to see that such a one may be anything but a gold mine, but it is not so apparent in the case of the crusty, arrogant or unsocial fellow, whose friends ofttimes excuse him by saying “ he means all right, but his health is poor ” or “ his domestic troubles affect him.” The man who is so short and snappy in necessary con¬ versation in business affairs and so disobliging that his fellow workmen dislike to approach him, and who is generally at daggers’ points with a liberal percentage of his mates, is not a good investment. In a printing- office, men will “ take chances,” and possibly make mistakes which will have to be corrected, before they will seek desirable information from one who may affront them. Good humor and a feeling of comrade¬ ship are excellent lubricants where team work is required — and what establishment does not need all it can get of the pull-together spirit? There are more important things to be considered than this quality of adaptability, and it is admitted no amount of willing¬ ness and graciousness, combined with hopeless ineffi¬ ciency, will make a profitable employe, but it is worth while for managers to insist that even most proficient assistants and workers show an obliging disposition and be gentlemanly in their deportment toward their subordinates and fellows. A successful printing-office manager, one whose services are always in demand, holds that what is here; designated as adaptability should be rated at about twenty-five per cent in determining the desirability of workmen. He cites the case of a personal friend of years’ standing, whose work was first-class as to quan¬ tity and quality, but whose disagreeable disposition and crankiness caused him to be shunned and disliked to such an extent that one-fifth of his office mates would not speak to him, and many others disliked to come in contact with him. After careful investigation the manager felt constrained to inform the Disagree¬ able One that if he did not mend his ways a change would be made, even if a less proficient workman were employed in his place. While not exactly a disorgan¬ ize^ the churl had such a depressing effect on those he came in contact with in his work that he was an expensive luxury. As was said at the beginning, there are many employers who do not give sufficient weight to this quality, yet there are many who do. And by the same token numbers of fairly good workmen fail to “ catch on ” just because their office manners are not all they might be. There is no good reason why an artisan or mechanic should not have all the graces of a gen¬ tleman, and take them with him to work every day. To do so makes life more worth the living to his asso¬ ciates and himself. Those who do not practice the gentle art of being amiable for the pure love of right doing will find as the years roll round that affability and graciousness pay better returns than brusqueness and a high and mighty attitude toward the rest of mankind. W. B. P. THE LINOTYPE IN EUROPE. AT a lunch given by the Linotype Company, of l Great Britain, to the Linotype Users’ Associa¬ tion, it was stated that the sale of machines continues to increase, a considerably larger number having been sold last year than in the previous year. Mr. Whit¬ taker, president of the Users’ Association, said its members felt indebted to the Linotype Company for the energy and ability with which its business had been conducted. He doubted very much whether a revolu¬ tion had ever been effected so rapidly and so success¬ fully as had been done by that company. They hoped the company would have more success, and that they would share with the users some of the profits they made. M. Oberthur, of Oberthur Fils, Rennes, France, was present and recited the manner in which Linotypes were introduced into the book trade of that country. According to the Printers’ Register, M. Oberthur’s firm is the chief user of Linotypes in France, exclusive of newspaper offices, of course. In speaking of his introduction to the machines, M. Oberthur said that one day he was rung up on the telephone from Paris and asked to buy Linotypes. He had heard of the machines before, but believed they stood in the same relation to hand composition as oleomargarine did to butter. However, in order to see what the machine really was, he paid a visit to the works at Broadheath, and was so struck by all he saw that he at once began his installation of ten machines. This was the out¬ come of a five minutes’ conversation on the telephone. 676 THE INLAND PRINTER unions. Their leaders emphasize the fact that industry had his employes, for, so far from having brought about a diminution in their total number, as they feared at the time, he now employs, in all departments, a con¬ siderably larger number than formerly. INDUSTRY IS BUSINESS. AMONG the multitude who are writing on the many-sided labor question there is none shed¬ ding more light on the subject than Mr. Ray Stannard Baker, in McClure’s Magazine. He does not carry on his widespread investigations as a unionist or anti¬ unionist, nor as an economist or politician, but rather as a journalist who has received an assignment to get at the bottom of things and tell the whole truth, even if it does eat up space. Mr. Baker presents so many facts that it becomes almost the duty of those inter¬ ested in industrial questions to read his articles. He evidently has the respect of leading spirits on both sides of the controversy, and his practice of going to head¬ quarters for information on disputed points — at times being present during conferences between employers and employes — fits him to speak with authority on many things, among them the almost inevitable results of pursuing certain policies, and the policy that has proven most advantageous. In his recent article on the new employers’ association movement, he reviews the situation thoroughly and reaches a logical con¬ clusion. Much of what he says has been voiced in these columns and we feel no small degree of satisfaction in being able to cite so skilful an investigator as a witness in support of our position. He directs attention to the fact that the excesses of unionists about which so much just complaint has been made have, for the most part, emanated from young organizations of semi-skilled and wholly unskilled workers, who have barely grasped the first principles of unionism. In fact it has been the labor union, as distinguished from the trade union, that has been responsible for the trouble of the past two years. Scores of great national organizations, like those of the printers, cigarmakers and ironmolders, have been gaining strength and influence without attracting attention, and these constitute in Mr. Baker’s opinion, “ the real unionism.” As to the former class, which Mr. Baker designates as inflated or watered unions, many of them will lose their inflation while others will pass from view. More than once have we insisted that the trouble-making organizations would in a short time effect a cure of their own malady by ceasing to be, and now we are told that in the opinion of a high official of the American Federation of Labor the contraction is expected to reach at least thirty per cent of the union army, and who also says, “ These mushroom unions will disappear because they do not understand the principles or necessary discipline of unionism.” Mr. Baker divides employers’ associations into two classes : “ First — Those who propose to fight the unions. Their leaders emphasize the fact that industry is war. Second — Those which seek to deal with the unions. Their leaders emphasize the fact that industry is business.” That, of course, is a loose classification, for those in the first class may at times deal with unions, while some in the second may engage in fierce struggles with employes, yet by the natural order of selection the line of demarkation among employers’ associations will be approximately as Mr. Baker has indicated. He points out, however, that while organizations embraced in the first group are vigorously opposed to boycotting, the sympathetic strike and the closed shop, yet they are the most conspicuous among the employing class to use the boycott — even to the extent of punishing a paper for its expression of opinion, which has never been the basis of a printing-trade union boycott so far as we are aware — to indulge in the sympathetic lockout, and to resort to illegal conspiracies in order to compel employers to join an organization. These employers do not lie in wait with clubs- for their contumacious fellows, but they find means none the less effective and as unlawful, even though divested of all the elements of personal danger. While there is practical unanimity among the union officials as to their attitude on the questions at issue, there is great diversity of opinion among leaders of employers’ associations. Some would cast out the unions, root and branch, while others would not do so if they could. As typical of the latter class, Mr. Justi, commissioner of the Illinois coal operators, is quoted as saying: “ It is extremely curious that as business men we should be inclined to omit the .element of labor from the ordinary rules of business. We contract for our raw materials after a friendly conference with the man who has the raw materials for sale, and in turn we dispose of our products by friendly agreement with the buyer. Why should we not treat labor, so far as the wage question is concerned, as a commodity and agree to buy so much of it, at such a price, after a friendly conference with those who have labor for sale? ” Mr. Baker believes the fighting, unreasoning employers’ associations will, like the irrational unions and their absurdities, pass away. Yet he credits those organizations with having performed a valuable serv¬ ice in forcing the labor question to the front — for, like Banquo’s ghost, it will not down. Like most practical students, Mr. Baker is constrained to advo¬ cate collective bargaining, which presupposes strong organizations of employers and employes, and of which he says : “ Certainly these democratic relationships, this business adjustment of labor troubles, this even bal¬ ance of organization, this mutual respect not unmingled with fear, is the best thing we now know for dealing with the labor problem. All unions and all associa¬ tions are not ready for it yet — the unions have still to learn a great deal more of business methods and of the sacredness of contracts, employers must learn a THE INLAND PRINTER 677 great deal more about democracy — but the agreement system, when lived up to even poorly, is surely better for the industry involved than continual warfare.” In conclusion Mr. Baker emphasizes a fact too often overlooked in the deluge of talk on this subject, namely, that industry is business, not war. On which The Inland Printer congratulates him and tenders its thanks. Written for The Inland Printer. OUT OF SORTS. BY A TYPEFOUNDER. UNNECESSARY sort orders are sent in to type- foundries largely, if not altogether, because the typefounder has not had the courage to explain the situation to his customer. In almost every other manufacturing business the manufacturer makes a good profit on his repairs. The man who handles sew¬ ing machines realizes that, while he may have to figure close on the original order, he is absolutely sure of getting the order for repairs, and he charges a price which allows him a good profit on such repairs. Almost every jobbing business has some line of staples which it sells so nearly at cost that every sale means a loss and not a profit, but the typefounder has one class of orders not staples, but which must come to him, on which he almost invariably makes a loss, sometimes amounting to several times the amount he receives for the goods. There can be no question that this is altogether wrong, and it may be asked why it is continued. It is due entirely to the fact that no one dares to take the initiative. If one typefounder were to say to a cus¬ tomer, “ If we are to make any profit on this order we must charge you five or six times as much as roman rates,” the printer would at once visit his competitor and if, as would probably happen, he should ask a salesman who is unacquainted with the conditions, “ What would you charge me for such sorts ? ” this man-, in his anxiety to please a customer, would at once quote the lowest price and assure the printer that his concern was not only ready but anxious to fill the order at these prices. If the printer’s customer should come to him and say, “ I find that I am just a little short on this order of ten thousand colored labels which you printed for me. I would like one hundred more, which, of course, I expect to be billed at the same price,” the printer would explain to him that this would be impossible, showing him how the cost of composition, make-ready, mixing inks, etc., would amount to many times what he could get for the work ; and yet, owing to the typefounder’s fault in not acquainting him with the situation, his printer cus¬ tomer, a parallel case, expects to get his “ one hundred labels ” at the ten-thousand rate. It is the belief of many printers that the type¬ founder purposely makes the quantities of some char¬ acters which he furnishes with a font less than they should be in order that he may obtain sort orders, while the exact contrary is the truth. Sort orders are not only unprofitable but most undesirable, and the schemes now in use are the results of many years’ experience and careful notation of sort orders received. As the work in no two printing-offices is alike, and as no two authors use the same words in the same proportions, it is manifestly impossible to set the case clean ; but very often the printer, when he really needs five hun¬ dred pounds, orders but two hundred pounds and sorts it up, buying a few pounds or a few ounces at a time, in the meantime blaming the typefounder for the way in which the font runs out unevenly and for the delay occasioned by waiting for sorts. As large fonts of type are invariably sold by the pound, it is manifestly unfair that the typefounder should be required to furnish any sorts at less than cost. Remember that the schemes by which type¬ founders put up their fonts are identical and that experience has proven that they are correct for aver¬ age work. Type is cast in large fonts, usually not less than two thousand pounds, and divided into multiples of twenty-five pounds or job fonts. The price is based on such regular fonts. The tendency is to eliminate such sorts as commercial marks, fractions, leaders, etc., on the theory that it is unfair to make the purchaser buy material for which, nine times out of ten, he has no use. If some one requires an unusual number of certain letters, as in catalogue work “z” (for doz. or oz.), it is manifestly impossible to set the cases clean and unfair that he should get the special font or sorts for the price of a regular font. Until the typefounders have the moral courage to settle this problem in a sensible way they must continue to suffer, but, in the hope that it may at least partially do away with unnec¬ essary sort orders, I will give an ordinary instance such as happens every day in every typefoundry in the country, giving enough insight to the methods of making type to show the printer that no matter how much his business is valued or how promptly his sort orders are filled, the typefounder does not welcome business of this character. The foreman of a large office, Mr. Williams, calls on the city salesman of the typefoundry with every appearance of intense excite¬ ment. “ Say, Henry, that fifty pounds of six-point you sold me is sorted up rotten. We have not half set the case clear and we are already turning some letters.” “ Having a run on anything special ? ” asks Henry. “ No, just regular catalogue work.” “ What is it that you need? ” “ Well, about four ounces lower-case ‘ z ’ would help us out. That is what we need worst.” “ Nothing else?” “Well, some of the other boxes are running low, but I can not tell what I want just yet.” “ Is it not possible,” suggests the salesman, “ that you have a great many oz. and doz. in the catalogue ? ” “ Well, that is a fact; there may be.” “ You certainly run on some other special sorts. Had you not better order up what you need right away? If you will let me see your copy I think I can make you up a sort 678 THE INLAND PRINTER list.” “ Can’t do it. Copy is all in the hands of the comps., but we need this type badly and will order more as we require it. When can we have it ? ” Just as he gets ready to go, the foreman has another idea. “ Say, what are you going to charge me for that, Henry?” “We furnish no sorts for less than thirty-five cents net.” “ Gee ! that is outrageous for four ounces of type.” The salesman then explains to him the great amount of work necessary to fill this small order, and Mr. Williams, half convinced, is about to leave again, when suddenly a bright idea strikes him. “ Just wait order is then registered in the proper book and goes to another clerk, who makes out an order on the casting department. He then puts it in the dummy and sends it to the foreman of the casting department. There may be many orders ahead, all equally important, and it may be some time before he gets at it, but — as luck has it — in fifteen minutes he telephones down to the city department : “ Who took that order for Rush & Co. for six-point O. S. 21 sorts? ” Inquiry develops that it was Henry. “ Say, how about that order ? ” he inquires as soon as he can get hold of this clerk who is interrupted while waiting on another a moment. Can’t you suggest what sorts we will run on?” “Well, in all probability, you will want some more lower-case ‘ o ’ and some periods.” “ Well, add six ounces of each of those, so that I can get them at the pound rate.” The salesman, nothing loath, makes the altera¬ tion on his memorandum and the foreman departs. Although he knows the customer is perfectly solvent, the rules of business require, on account of the many hundred orders which are handled each day, that the credit department must pass upon it. He, therefore, takes his memorandum to the credit man and asks him, as a special favor, to immediately O. K. a little hurry order, which is done, in this case the credit man passing upon it without any trouble, as he is well acquainted with the firm. It next goes to the order clerk who makes out an order on a regular order blank, as this is necessary to prevent any confusion should the customer inquire about it afterward. The customer. “ What about it ? Is it in such a big hurry?” “Yes, it is very important. Customer is waiting for it and must have it at once.” “ Well, we have only two molds of this nick now on machines ; one is working on a hurry job for Smith & Steady, and the other is on an important weight font order for California. What shall I do? We can not stop on the Smith & Steady job.” “ Well, you will have to interrupt the other.” “ But you will have to see the superintendent,” says the foreman. “ I promised this font to-morrow afternoon in time for shipment. If it is interrupted by other jobs, I can not agree to deliver it on time.” Henry then rings up the superintendent and explains the matter to him. “We have positively promised this California font and we can not interrupt it, but I will see what I can do in regard to the Rush & Co. job and try to get them out for you some time.” He then rings up the foreman and explains the whole matter over to him again. “ If all your four- THE INLAND PRINTER 679 nick molds are busy, how are your three-nick molds ? ” “ Well,” says the foreman after investigation, “ all those on the blocks are busy, but the job on machine No. 31 is in no great haste.” “ Well, suppose you 'cast the Rush & Co. order on this, putting in an extra nick ? ” “I can do this,” says the foreman, “ but it will take a little longer and cost us more than we get for it.” “ Go ahead,” says the superintendent, and the foreman then telephones the business office that he thinks that he can get the job out within two or three hours. The caster’s name is then written on the bill and it is sent to him, after having been entered in the factory record book. The caster then makes out his requisition on the matrix clerk for the necessary matrices, and after being O. K’d it is sent down to the vaultkeeper who fills the order. As soon as he is through with the parcel on which he is working he starts on the job. Printers are well aware of the great amount of time lost in making ready for a small run on a cylinder press, but the waste is even greater in casting type. The matrix is put in and the mold adjusted to it. The spring and pump pressure must be adjusted for every different character and very often the sprew changed so as to face the type properly, but the rules in a progres¬ sive foundry also require that each time a new job is started a mold must be tried for height, line, set, body, squareness, and straightness. This will require at least half an hour, during which both caster and liner are idle, and if there is anything wrong it may mean a delay of several hours. The caster then proceeds to cast, and it will take him on each parcel ten or fifteen minutes until the metal becomes heated so that it will cast properly. Not infrequently three or four pounds are cast and thrown away before everything is found sufficiently correct to pass. In all such jobs more type is cast and thrown away than is sent out. It then passes to the hands of the setter, who sets the type on long sticks, and from the setter to the dresser, who grooves out the bottom, scrapes the type for body on both sides, and then carefully examines the face of each type with a magnifying glass, rejecting all imperfect letters. The dresser examines the type, trying it for line, set, height and straightness. Not infrequently he discovers that it is imperfect Tn some respect and the job must be recast. As a check on the dresser, the inspector must then pass upon it, and if he finds everything correct the type is sent to the pager, who wraps it up and returns it to the foreman. In the meantime, the caster has sent down the matrices, after having checked them through each department and taken up his receipt therefor. Each workman has kept track of the weight and written it in the casting bill, but the foreman’s office again weighs up the amount, checks it against the other weights, makes the proper entries in the books and then, making a charge to the office, sends the goods, together with the charge slip, to the salesroom. Identifying it by its number, the order clerk figures out the amount to be charged on his order blank and then turns it over to the bill clerk, who makes out the bill, which he delivers to the city department, and which bill is then delivered with the goods. The order is then filed under the customer’s name for future reference and the bill is charged on the sales book, afterward to be entered against the customer’s account on the ledger. If no delay has occurred, and if each operator is ready to take up the work just as soon as the previous workman has completed his part of the work, it is possible to get the job out within a few hours, and if there is an errand boy at hand, delivered to the customer a few minutes after. But printers are well aware that things do not fit into each other so well that every rush job can be gotten out in the time calculated. Suppose you had a little job which had to go through the compositor’s, pressman’s, binder’s and trimmer’s hands. Do you think you would be safe in promising it within two or three hours each time? I have purposely mentioned a very easy job, with¬ out any complication. Often, when there are a great many sorts, it takes a great deal of time to get it out. Frequently the type must be broken by hand instead of machinery, which entails another operation and loss of time. Very often the type must be rubbed by hand, instead of being finished by machinery. This is a very slow process and it can not always be foreseen which jobs will have to be rubbed. Again, as for instance in italic jobs, it may be necessary to take out all the metal from the casting-machine and substitute a different kind of metal. This alone takes from an hour to two hours, and afterward, before resuming, the metal will have to, be replaced and reheated. If any part of the face overhangs, the type will have to be kerned. This is a very slow process, and as the machine must be adjusted for each character, the loss on a small job of this kind is not infrequently three or four hours. I hope I have gone into this subject sufficiently to show the printer that, unlike regular type which can be taken out of stock, sort orders are extremely unprofitable to the typefounder and delay his regular work very much. I have seen orders come in for two ounces each letter, small caps, which, if carried out, would have meant the loss of many hours and several dollars to the typefounder, when the printer could, just as well, have ordered two pounds assorted small caps and received type sorted up much better. Of course, there would be no profit to a typefounder in casting up two pounds of small caps, but he can cast up one hundred pounds, dividing it up properly after¬ ward. Every printer should visit a typefoundry and see the methods employed in casting up large quantities of type and subdividing them, and he would not then consider the typefounder unreasonable, if, when a special font was ordered, he insisted on getting three THE INLAND PRINTER four times the amount he charges for regular fonts. If a customer should ask for a bid on a thousand business cards, and should afterward ask you to make eighty or ninety changes in the copy, you would think him unreasonable if he asked you to furnish the goods at the same price as you originally quoted him. The average job font contains about eighty characters, and the average roman font about one hundred and fifty, and no typefounder can afford to cast a twenty- five or fifty pound font to a special scheme unless he charges what seems an excessive price therefor. Within the last few years considerable reductions have been made on large quantities of type, and I maintain that the price of all should be based on the cost of production and the relative amounts invested. If the practice continues of charging less for jobs than the cost, the typefounder must charge excessive prices for some other of his products, and the printer can not hope that the present low prices will continue. This is obviously unfair, as the printer who gets a great many jobs gets his goods below cost, while a good customer must pay more for his large fonts than he should. As long as typefounders are in the business to make a profit they must make up their losses on jobs elsewhere, and for their sake and the printing public I hope some proper rules will be made in regard to sorts which will enable reductions to be made in other directions. Printers who order type in liberal quantities have little trouble over the sort question, save a large amount in wages to their compositors and prevent expensive delay in turning out their work. The printer will find comfort and encouragement in large fonts. Written for The Inland Printer. . HER NAME IN THE PAPER. BY EDGAR YATES. In one time and two motions the editor tall Razooed the reporter’s account of the ball. “ Dear fellow! ” he murmured; and then, with a scrawl, He just fixed it. The compositor gloomily stared at his take. “ My goodness and grief! Here’s a word I can’t make Any sense of; what it looks like I’ll put it,” he spake; And he fixed it. The proofreader gazed at the proof in surprise. “Well! Well! ” he said softly, “it’s lucky I’m wise.” • Then he struck out an “ m ” and inserted two “ i’s,” And it fixed it! The publisher heard the excited girl through: “Now, you make it right somehow, or else I will sue! ” And since there Was nothing else for him to do, He had to fix it. AN UNUSUAL WORK. A story is being told of a printer, employed in one of the largest American publishing houses, who was asked by a friend what was the most important book to be published by his firm during the coming year. “ - ,” he answered, naming a work whose forth¬ coming appearance had aroused much interest. “What sort of a book is it?” asked his friend. “ It’s' an autobiography written ' by the man himself,” explained the printer, impressively. — Harper’s Weekly. RUMORED TYPEFOUNDING COMBINATION IN EUROPE. The Berlin Buchdrucker-Woche published in its Easter issu'e a paragraph headed “A Yankee Trick,” in which was stated the alarming fact that on the ist of April a new type¬ founders’ trust had been incorporated in London, with a paid-up capital of a million pounds, for the purpose of pur¬ chasing the controlling interests, of all German typefoundries. The final object was said to be the abolition of the French- (Didot) standard now prevailing on the continent and the- introduction of the British- American standard. To attain this end it is proposed (so the paragraph went on) to hire no less than sixty Wicks rotary typecasting machines for twelve months, the combined output of which was estimated to> aggregate the weight of type now in use in all German print- eries. Every German printer would be given the same weight of new type of the British standard in exchange for • his- present material, without extra charge, merely on the condi¬ tion that he should pledge himself never to buy type, etc.,, from any other foundry. It was asserted that the American Type Founders Company had a seventy-five per cent interest in the scheme, since the plan thus sketched out would at once remove the obstacles now in the way of type importation into- the continent — the difference of standards, both in height and body . Needless to say that the story was noth¬ ing but an April fake, but its publication has called forth an- appeal to the patriotism of the German typefounders not to- accede to any offers of the kind, should they actually come- forth, for the possibility of such an action on the part of our American cousins is by no means doubted, and the effect might in reality come pretty near the results intimated by the- writer of the Buchdrucker-Woche, who seems well informed’ in American and British trade matters. — German Exchange.. THEY DIDN’T LIKE M’S. The woman was writing a book, and she had just got her manuscript into some sort of shape for the printer, when along came a knowing friend who told her that printers- charged so much an em for their work. This interested the woman immensely. She looked at her manuscript and sighed. “ And I thought I had at last finished! with it,” she said. Then she took up her pen again in the interests of economy- and took out wherever she could a word that had an m in it and substituted a synonym without that hateful letter. “ I can’t think why they dislike m’s so,” she said to a friend who came in when she was about one-quarter through with the- work. This friend was a man who roared when he .heard her story. When he explained the woman laughed, too, and she- put back her m’s. — Baltimore News. A “ DOWN BRAKES” WARNING. The International Bookbinder for May has a handsome air about it, and Editor Feeney sounds this warning note to union bookbinders: “We desire to caution all local unions to be careful in negotiating with employers any grievances, so as- not to precipitate a strike. Carefully arbitrate all differences,, as strikes are very costly and generally leave sore spots that are very difficult to heal. The big strikes in Chicago and New York are still unsettled, and as there seems to have been an epidemic of strikes the past year, it would now be a poor time for any local to engage in trouble and expect the assistance they are entitled to; so we desire to warn all locals to endeavor to settle all grievances by arbitration or other means and avoid strikes, and only resort to them when all other plans have failed, and then consider well the prospect of winning same before the final vote is taken.” THE INLAND PRINTER 681 always open for the discussi issarily indorse the opinion lot be noticed; therefore c necessarily for publication, 1 of more than one thousand THE “LUTTRELL TIMES” PRESS. To the Editor: Dallas, Tex., July 5, 1904. A reading of the story of the Luttrell Times press, pub¬ lished in the July number of The Inland Printer, reminds me of another story. Several years since I was in Houston and noticed that Uncle Dan McGary (peace to his ashes and rest to his upright soul) had a press of unusual and antique type. Seeing my • curiosity, Uncle Dan’l — after I had found some things at five cents a piece — told me a wonderful story of about how that press had' a wonderful career at San Antonio, was carried away by the Mexicans and lay in the Rio Grande many months, and was fished out and had done many more years’ valiant service, and was then a “ purty good old press.” Well, that press had never been nearer the Rio Grande than Houston, and was brought there secondhand from some Eastern concern. The picture you show is the “ Mann Hand Cylinder ” press, put on the market by some enterprising genius in a small Iowa town. In 1889 there were at least three of the machines in use in Texas — one at Ennis, one at Blossom, and I do not recollect where the other was in use. Four years ago the one at Blossom was still in use, and was “ manned ” by two young ladies, daughters of Mrs. Morrow, the then publisher of the Blossom Bee. Sic semper gloria mundi. John B. McCraw, Editor Western Newspaper Union. ECONOMIC CALENDAR PRINTING. To the Editor: New Haven, Conn., July 1, 1904. The calendar idea exploited by Mr. George Sherman in the June issue of the valued Inland Printer has been put into execution in this town, but the public liked it not. In 1889, the New Haven Morning News, now defunct, produced such a calendar, and it was issued free to the people at large, regardless of race, color, political or religious affili¬ ation, past or present condition of servitude. But the people liked it* not. I had myself gone to the trouble of securing several dozen of those calendars, giving them to friends and associates. Although there were only about a half-dozen words of adver¬ tising on the calendar, and although these words were inob- trusive and femininely modest in their set-off, in no way detracting from the appearance and general usefulness of the calendars, still those same calendars were disliked cordially and very soon discarded. My friends liked them not. I observed other calendars had taken their places. The compactness of the thing appealed to me personally, and I thought the idea was a jim-dandy one. And probably it was. But, somehow or other, I could not take to it myself. Tried to, but couldn’t. I liked it not ! And why, i’ faith? Oh, I found out. Was bound to find out. The eye, my boy, the eye would never alight on the right day of the week without an effort. This caused irritation. Irritation caused a good man to say, “Damn those calendars, anyhow ! ” I can not speak for others, but I suppose more’n one good man said the same thing. Still, if the popular eye can be trained to look for Saturday where Wednesday usually is, the calendar suggested by Sher¬ man may be a go. Thos. Roche. IMPOSITION — THE THREE-FOLD TWELVE. To the Editor: Chicago, III., July 1, 1904. Mr. Augustus P. Burr, of the Dorsey Printing Company, Dallas, Texas, calls my attention to a mistake in the layout of the three-fold twelve-page form, diagrammed as Fig. 8b, in my lecture to apprentices, and also very kindly furnishes the correct scheme, as herewith given. My error is one of those “ foolish ” ones which make a man feel cheap in person and pocketbook when it is discov¬ ered. What’s the use of explaining? Still, we like to be set right. It’s the same old plea : “ So busy, you know, that I didn’t have time (or take time) to verify the scheme after □ 0 □ n □ □ □ □ □ D □ n 0 □ 0 P □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ Fig. 8 b — Three-fold Twelve, Three-fold Twelve, Incorrect. Correct. it was set up in type.” “How did it happen? Whose fault is it?” The Lord only knows; if my original copy was in existence I would be afraid to look at it for fear of proving myself wrong. ' I can not blame the compositor, nor the proof¬ reader, for I not only had one proof, but two, to examine. In this acknowledgment, bear witness, that I, unlike editors in general and authors in particular, unreservedly exonerate the printer! “To lock the stable after the horse is stolen,” let me suggest, as an improvement over the usual way of diagramming, a new scheme or block for representing the page. Had we designs with folios in the corners, or right and left hand blocks, with heavy corners, this mistake would not have happened, for the eye would have readily seen that the pages were incorrect. If that did not do the business, with two^ heads together, it would not have been possible to get odd blocks on one side and even blocks on the other, as shown in the incorrect diagram. We are never so sure as when we make a mistake — if we were not sure, we would have verified and so discovered the absurdity. I prided myself on this layout. It is such an old one that it is new to every book that I have seen — I mean the correct one. And it was so simple, that I fell down ! I hope to see a book some day brought out that will utilize this right and left block idea — that will also print the forms correct on paper to represent the correct way forms should be sent to press: illustrating the press nipper edge a.nd folder gauge, etc. Charles M. Butler. BROUGHT IN DELINQUENTS. A Missouri editor is said to have recently worked a scheme on his delinquent subscribers. “ All my subscribers but one have paid up in advance,” he wrote, and about a hundred,, ashamed to be the only one, dropped in and settled up. 682 THE INLAND PRINTER POETS AND HUMORISTS OF THE AMERICAN PRESS. AUTOBIOGRAPHY OF ROBERTUS LOVE, THE NEW VICE-PRESIDENT OF THE AMERICAN PRESS HUMORISTS. I WAS born in Missouri, and am prouder of it than Mis¬ souri is, so far as I have been able to ascertain. Missouri has three preeminent natives. Mark Twain is one of them. Modesty forbids me to complete the list. However, I may refer you to the story of the three greatest liars. At a dinner in the Lotus Club, or the Lambs’ Club, or maybe it was the Policeman’s Club, in New York, General Ben Butler remarked that he was personally acquainted with the three greatest liars in America. “ Name them ! ” shouted the company. “ I don’t like to be personal in my remarks,” said the Field was born. He did so. I saw him do it. The tablet reads : “ Here was born Eugene Field, the Poet.” The tablet, however, prevaricates. Roswell Field, of Chicago, brother of Eugene, came down to St. Louis on the next train after read¬ ing about the unveiling. He declared that Eugene Field was not born in the tableted house, but in a house on Collins street, many blocks away. Mr. Field was unable to locate this house, though sundry ancient citizens offered their own houses as Eugene Field birthplaces and clamored for the tablet. When you come to St. Louis to see me and the World’s Fair you can go down on South Broadway and read the tablet which Mark Twain unveiled on the house where Eugene Field was not born. Having tried to write a little poetry myself, it occurred to me that I ought to take steps toward preserving the outward semblance of the house where I was born, to the end that after DIAGRAM OF AMERICAN PRESS HUMORISTS’ OFFICIAL PHOTOGRAPH AT WORLD’S FAIR, A. P. H. DAY, JUNE I, 1904. Reading from left to right, front row — Edwin A. Oliver, Yonkers (N. Y.) Statesman; Strickland W. Gillilan, president, Baltimore Amer-. ican; William F. Kirk, secretary-treasurer, Milwaukee Sentinel; Robert J. Burdette, perpetual parson, Pasadena, California; David R. Francis, president Louisiana Purchase Exposition, honorary member A. P. H.; Henry Edward Warner, past president A. P. H., New York; T. K. Hedrick, St. Louis Globe-Democrat ; Robertus Love, vice-president, St. Louis; Duncan M. Smith, Chicago Daily News; Robert J. Burdette, Jr., Burlington (Iowa) Hawkeye. Second row from front — Mrs. Theodore H. Boice, Mrs. W. R. Rose, Mrs. Robertus Love, Mrs. Leonard H. Robbins, Mrs. H. E. Warner, Mrs. A. G. Burgoyne, Mrs. Duncan M. Smith, Mrs. Edyth Tozier Weatherred, Mrs. A. L. Bixby, Mrs. R. S. Graves; W. R. Rose, Cleveland Plaindealer; Frank T. Searight, Los Angeles Record. , Third Row from front — James T. Sullivan, Boston Globe; James W. Foley, Bismarck (N. D.) Tribune; Thomas A. Daly, Philadelphia Press; J. M. Lewis, Houston (Tex.) Post; Theodore H. Boice, Pittsburg Chronicle-Telegraph; A. L. Bixby, Lincoln (Neb.) State Journal; elderly gentle¬ man with whiskers, unidentified; Mrs. Robert J. Burdette, Miss Florence Hayward, R. S. Graves', St. Joseph, Missouri; next man, unidentified; Secretary Walter B. Stevens, of the World’s Fair; next man, unidentified. Fourth row (top of picture) — Arthur G. Burgoyne, Pittsburg Leader; George Fitch, Council Bluffs (Iowa) Nonpareil; Leonard H. Robbins, Newark (N. J.) News; Lowell Otus Reese, San Francisco Bulletin. General, looking out of his funny eye at Eli Perkins, who sat three seats away. “ Out with ’em ! ” demanded the crowd. “ Who are the three greatest liars in America ? ” “ Well, Mark Twain is one of them,” admitted the General, “ and Eli Perkins is the other two.” My native place is in the foothills of the Ozarks, in south¬ ern Missouri. The house of my nativity is still standing. A few years ago I took my 5 by 7 camera down there and made a picture of the house, not necessarily for publication, but for identification. This course was suggested to me by the sad fate of Eugene Field, another native Missourian. When Mark Twain was in St. Louis two years ago he was invited to unveil a tablet on the front of the house where Eugene the world is well rid of my active entity no such post-mortem joke shall be perpetrated in my name. Right here I desire to admonish all poets to mark their own birthplaces, thus avoiding future disputes; and also insuring the marking of the house, whether the poet makes his mark otherwise or not. It is very soul-satisfying for a struggling poet to be able to visit his own birthplace, in his own lifetime, and read the inscription attesting the fact that he was born, not made. That is the only way a poet has of knowing that he is a poet. This little old birthplace of mine stands on a hill, between the converging point of Big river and Mill creek. Back of it and in front of it are the remains of a pioneer Missouri farm. When I was a small boy I waded in Mill creek and fished in Big river. As I grew bigger I swam in Big river and THE INLAND PRINTER 683 fished in Mill creek. When my father was looking I worked on the farm. But the swimming was the chief end of my existence, and perhaps that is why the first funny column I ever attempted to conduct, on a daily paper down along the Jersey shore, was headed “ In the Swim,” and signed “ The Swimmer.” When I was about fourteen I removed to Pike county, in the northern part of Missouri. I mention these facts because of the accusation, made in several newspapers since the pub¬ lication of my volume of “ Poems All the Way from Pike,” last May, that I was born in Pike county. In my opinion a man is entitled to be born wherever he pleases, and I take this opportunity of declaring that I was born in Washington county. My father was a preacher, who spent all his life successfully keeping out of debt. I have spent most of the thirty-odd years of my life, up to date, assiduously endeavoring to do the same thing. I would rather have money coming to me than money trying to go to some one else. It is better to expect than to owe. When I was a callow youth a premature college made me a Bachelor of Arts. Later I became a Master of Arts — the art preservative of all arts. In school I wrote several “ com¬ positions.” Out of school I composed some more — with a stick. In that pursuit I saw some of the world, which I am trying to. preserve in my famous unpublished book, “Con¬ fessions of an Impecune.” Once I went to New York and tried to live on literature — and succeeded. I actually lived on poetry. Shakespeare brought me 60 cents. Shelley netted 35 cents. Longfellow brought me two meals in a Bowery cafe where pie cuts sold at 3 cents and coffee at 2 cents. I always did love Longfellow, and I remember fondly those two meals I ate with him. With Edgar Poe under my arm I walked in the gray of the morning to a secondhand bookstore on Broadway, near Waverley place, hoping to enjoy a breakfast with the great bard; but the store was not yet open for the day, and sadly I retraced my steps to the attic of my dreams. However, I- ate dinner with Poe that night and had 10 cents left over. When all my poets were gone I led a prosaic life. I lived on prose literature. It was a miserable existence, too, for I always did prefer poetry. Victor Hugo’s “ Les Miserables,” in five volumes, was my mainstay. I ate up the entire set, though, in three days, and then turned my appetite to Macau¬ lay’s “ History of England.” I’ve never liked Macaulay since, for he made only -one meal and an attic lunch. Then I went down in New Jersey and became a newspaper man. For some months I had been a journalist — a news¬ paper man out of a job. I was editor of two dailies in New Jersey, at different times, and editor and part owner of a weekly periodical called Seashore Life. Its life was brief. The good die young. I founded Seashore Life. My part¬ ner, the business manager, was a Quaker. But when he was excited he did not talk like one. The news company ordered 6,000 copies of our first number, and kept repeating the order for six weeks. Jim (the Quaker business manager) and I used to put our feet on each others’ desks, smoke 15-cent cigars and feel sorry for poor folks. Our circulation was enormous, for a new venture. Already we had planned our summer cottages at Newport, and Jim had gone so far as to engage his architect. One night I entered the building where our offices were located. Yes, offices — they were plural. The electric lights were out, for some reason. So was Jim. I reached the floor where Seashore Life flourished, and I stumbled over some¬ thing in the hallway. But I did not hit the floor — I landed on something else, another obstacle. I arose,- stumbled again, and again landed on something other than the floor. I fell down five times before reaching the door, and then I found that I could not open the door because of something that obstructed it. Finally I climbed through the transom. It was easy, for I simply walked up to the transom on big flat packages of things. On the inside I climbed down a stair made of similar packages. I fell down three times more in reaching my desk, where I kept matches used in lighting the 15-cent cigars. I struck a match — and fell down again, with¬ out stumbling. Jim came in before I recovered consciousness. That was no Quaker meeting, I assure you. Jim was bruised from head to foot, and his language indicated a bruised heart. He climbed up and down the transom stairs and saw me lying on the floor, for by that time the electric lights were working Copyright, 1904, by J. C. Strauss. again. Jim was worried about me, and he said afterward that he was sorry he said what he did when he requested me to open the door and I made no response. He rushed to the closet, where we kept things to revive drooping spirits. Open¬ ing the door, he encountered more stacks of flat bundles, six feet high. Jim dragged some packages away from his desk and sat down, uttering but one word. I won’t tell you what that was. There were 100 Seashore Lifes — or Lives — or Deaths — in each package. There were 360 packages. On each pack¬ age was a label hinting something about expressage being due and unpaid. Did we get returns from Seashore Life ? Yea, verily. After Life’s fitful fever I slept well in Connecticut for a spell, news-editing a daily paper; then I returned to Missouri and became a mere employe on a St. Louis newspaper. In this capacity I reported the Galveston flood, Carrie Nation and other national calamities. I assisted also in the capture of Crazy Snake and led the “ insurgent ” attack of newspaper correspondents on President Roosevelt’s bear-hunting camp in the Mississippi canebrakes. I have written and published “How I Saved Mark Twain’s Life,” and I am only waiting for two or three funerals in Vicksburg before I write and 684 THE INLAND PRINTER publish “ How I Saved President Roosevelt’s Reputation,” which is a better story. When these humorous assignments on the St. Louis Post- Dispatch became too onerous I resigned, and began doing serious work in exploitation of the World’s Fair. I am now, under Mr. Mark Bennitt, in charge of the literary end of the General Press Bureau. Early in June I succeeded Strickland W. Gillilan as vice- president of the American Press Humorists. If I succeed as well as he succeeded, I will be a success. Finally, this autobiography was written by request. A NOSE FOR NEWS. “ Poets are born, not made,” said the retired newspaper man to the New Orleans Times-Democrat, “ and I might add that reporters come into this world in much the same way. For instance, the ‘ born ’ reporter will get a story if there is one in sight, while he who only has what I would call a mechanical sort of training will skim over the same ground without ever discovering that anything out of the ordinary has happened. Not many years ago I was holding an impor¬ tant position on one of the principal journals of Chicago. I was one day put on the city editor’s desk and, wanting to test . the ability of two new men on the staff, I assigned both of them to the same story. Of course, neither knew the other was in the neighborhood, and you ought to have seen their respective reports. One of them had a two-column story that created a sensation from one end of the city to the other, while the other turned in about two ‘ sticks ’ of the dryest stuff I ever remember to have read. I am satisfied that both the men covered the story to . the best of their respective abilities. One of them simply had a ‘ nose for news ’ and the other hadn’t. As I said, reporters are born, not made by studying ‘journalism’ in the abstract. The natural born reporter is at home in a newspaper office, he can live on ink and can sleep soundly on the imposing stone. He sees little news in a dog biting a man, but he is quick to grasp the importance of an item telling about a man biting a dog.” FOR THIS RELIEF, MUCH THANKS. Professor Lounsbury, of Yale, is one of the most amiable of men. It would be difficult for experts to get up a dispute with him on matters philologic, for he would be found agree¬ ing with them all. He has. said one man’s pronunciation is as good as another’s, and that there are even worse crimes than splitting the infinitive, this being, as Sam Weller said of the man who beat his wife, at least an “ amiable weakness.” Professor Lounsbury’s latest cheering word, however, to tongue-tripping mortals, is that “ had better ” is all right, to be preferred, indeed, to “would better,” and being directly descended from such honorable ancestors as “ had liefer ” and “ had rather.” Of course, those who have already mastered the feat of saying “ would better,” and looking unconscious at the same time, will be a little disappointed to know their efforts have been in vain. To those who must have proof of everything, it should be added that in the expression “had better,” better is an adjective, and, therefore, of course, all right. Those who have shied at using it doubtless thought it was a pluperfect subjunctive or something of that sort.— New York Globe. “ It is reported that two Frenchmen, MM. Mabille and Lerclerc, have patented a process for making a kind of cellu¬ loid which is incombustible,” says The Electrical Revieiv. “ To a solution of celluloid is added a mixture of ether and alcohol containing certain iron salts. A clear liquid -of the consistence of syrup results, and if. the solvents are driven off from this, an incombustible non-inflammable celluloid remains.” »!,“ nftc xzssl fissrssfflirs* a** DO NOT FORGET — That the mold-disk slide should be adjusted by the screws beneath it so that the disk rises a trifle — r .007 of an inch — when going forward on to the locking pins. That the locking pins or bushings in the disk should be renewed if worn. That the purpose of the locking pins and bushings is to hold mold rigidly while casting and ejecting the slugs. That screw collar on disk pivot should be screwed up tightly. That if disk stops with a jar before going into locking pins, the brake on mold-turning shaft needs tightening. That if disk travels too far before coming forward on pins, the square block which strikes against side of mold-turning cam needs attention. That if block does not come close enough to cam, the cam shoes can be removed and adjusted by means of the bushings in the screw holes. The exhibit of typesetting machines at the St. Louis World’s Fair includes a double magazine Linotype, Model No. 2; a pica Linotype, or Model No. 3, and a Junior Linotype. The Monotype is on exhibition with its new sortcasting attachment in daily operation. The Monoline is also exhibited, and claims are made that the machine will shortly be placed on the market in the United States, though heretofore barred by infringement of Linotype patents THE INLAND PRINTER 685 Originality. — The following is furnished by a correspond¬ ent at Zanesville, Ohio : “ A short while ago an operator of much originality was working on the night turn by himself. Before the machinist left he had oiled up and a little oil had found its way to the rubber cam roller on the back; this caused the lower-case ‘ e ’ to 1 stay at home ’ in the magazine. Mr. Operator, after much worry, found the cause of the trouble, but he did know how to get the cam to ‘ working ’ again, so he finally hit upon a happy thought : tying a piece of string close to the hook on the aforesaid ‘e’ reed, just below the hook, and bringing it up around through the small opening in the casting under the assembling elevator, he then started up and when he wanted a ‘little e’ he would reach up and give the string a ‘ yank.’ He finished his day’s work, but, however, it was a little out of the ordinary.” in keeping them in good running order — ■ thanks to the instruc¬ tion received in the Inland Printer Technical School. Lino¬ types are to be found in nearly all the principal town offices in New Zealand, but those just installed in the Southland Daily News office, Invercargill, make the most complete three- machine plant- in the colony. Those persons represented in the photo, standing (reading from left to right) are: Mr. F. Borne, foreman of machine and jobbing departments, and who is always eager to adopt Inland Printer methods ; next is Mr. Aitken, foreman of composing department, who has been connected with the Daily News for about twenty-five years; then Mr. Stanley Smith, who supervised the erection of the Linos., and possesses world-wide experience as printer’s engi¬ neer. Those sitting (reading from left to right) are: Mr. Dickson (operator), Mr. Ross (operator) and Mr. E. J. Linotypes in New Zealand. — Edwin J. Lawry, who came .-all the way from his home in Timaru, New Zealand, to take :a course of six weeks in the Inland Printer Technical School, •sends a photo of the plant of Linotypes in the Southland Daily News , Invercargill, New Zealand, of which he is now in -charge as operator-machinist, and writes : “ The photo -enclosed, by Mr. F. Burrell, photographer, Invercargill, New Zealand, represents the first instalment of Linotypes in South¬ land, New Zealand. Several offices have installed Monolines, "but the enterprising proprietors of the Southland Daily News, Messrs. H. and J. Feldwick, have gone in for the more •expensive article, and installed a battery of three Linotypes. These Linos, are of' the most up-to-date English pattern, and were set in motion on May 24, 1904. Mr. Stanley Smith, -engineer of the Dunedin Star, assisted by the writer, erected dhe machines, and the latter took charge and finds no difficulty Lawry, graduate of Chicago’s Linotype School and expert of Southland Daily News Linotype room.” Government Printing-office Installs Machines. — The announcement that the Public Printer had ordered twenty-eight Monotypes for installation in the Government Printing-office, at Washington, D. C., was followed immediately by the state¬ ment from the Mergenthaler Linotype Company that forty- eight double-deck Linotypes of the latest pattern had been ordered for the same office. Thus the long controversy over the question of adoption of typesetting machines by the Gov¬ ernment Printing-office is settled, as there was little doubt it would be since the installation of Linotypes in the Government Printing-office in Manila about a year ago. It is unlikely that many men will be displaced, as the volume of work will be enormously increased. The wise hand, compositors are learn¬ ing to operate 'the machines in the meantime. 686 THE INLAND PRINTER The Lokal Anzeiger, Berlin, Germany, is still set by hand, but so, for that matter, is every paper in Berlin. Up to the present the typographical union has been strong enough to prevent the introduction of typesetting machinery. Typesetting Machines in Europe.— The Belgian Typo¬ graphic Federation has made an exhaustive but inconclusive study of existing composing machines, of which it says : “ The existing machines are not advantageous, but it is advis¬ able for printers to observe and study them. A great number of composing machines on different systems are advertised. We do not profess to notice all, but we may cite the following: (i) The machine invented by Calendoli ; (2) a machine of Jules Biban and Jules Campe, of Hamburg, which is a com¬ bination of the Monoline and Typograph; (3) the machine of the Abbe Burg, the Alsatian (this is the machine on account of which an action for heavy damages was brought against a French journal, Le Courrier du Lime); (4) the Mergenthaler (known in England as the Linotype), which it is asserted the Linotype Company will seize if one is found ment through the possible advent of “ Mergenthaler Morning Mush,” or some other appetizing breakfast-food product of the all-round Mergen¬ thaler? Out here on the desert we can not exactly hear the rattle of the “ magazine,” as the writer of the “ Song of the Lino.” chorus could, our Mergenthalers being too old and infirm to express themselves in that intelligent way — but what do we care, when we can read Linotyped books, magazines and newspapers, wear Linotyped monograms on our watch chains, hear Linotyped music in the plaza and have beautiful Linotyped pictures on the walls. Verily, the -Mergenthaler is the whole cheese, box and all. W. G. Middleton, Graduate No. 2. Metal. — J. C. White, Brooklyn, New York, contributes the following : “ I wish to thank you for responding so kindly to my request for information on soldering. The explanation was most lucid and complete. I would like to tell my experience with metal for the benefit of any one who has had a like difficulty. I have always used a good quality of metal, one which, I believe, is recommended by the Mergenthaler Company, in Brooklyn, although I am not sure on this point. Not long ago I was talking to a Linotype man Only one-half of one butterfly is actual composition, the remainder of the design being duplicates of these lines, the center butterfly being reversed in making up the design. working in Belgium; (5) the Lanston Monotype, an Amer¬ ican machine; (6) the German machine of Steiert, which only costs 3,500 francs and has an output of 8,000 letters; (7) the Electrotypograph of Meray-Rozar; (8) the Express, which resembles the Typograph, and is manufactured at Chicago; (9) the Barotype, which somewhat resembles the Linotype, and is made in Illinois.” No formal appraisement is made of the respective capabilities of the preceding, but the report goes on to felicitate compositors on the outcome of the struggle at the Daily News. It is to be hoped that the report on European devices is more accurate than that of the American. The “ Express ” is unknown in this country — probably the Linotype Junior is meant. However, Chicago is not the home of any manufactory of typesetting machines. The Barotype is still in embryo, though an experimental machine is being built in this city. An Enthusiastic Linotypist. — The following interesting communication has been received : Phoenix, Ariz., June 9, i9°4- Editor Machine Composition Department: I am much interested in your reproduction of music set on the Linotype in the June number; likewise in the reprint of the Inland Printer Tech¬ nical School monogram. And when we note the specimens of intricate composition published by the Mergenthaler people from time to time we are reminded that, notwithstanding the capers being cut by other com¬ posing machines nowadays, the old Mergenthaler can also go some yet. And that Linotyped portrait of Senator Clark published in The Printer a year or so ago — it was so natural that one could almost hear the jingle of copper. Ah, the possibilities of the Linotype — they are surely unlimited: Plain English reading matter, roman, old style, lightface, blackface, italic, Hebrew, Greek, Hottentot, plain border, fancy border, straight rule, curly rule, want ads., display ads., portraits, monograms and filigree work. And now comes music — words, melody and accompaniment, all produced by the magic Mergenthaler! When will it end? Will the smile eventually fade from the benign countenance of Sunny Jim when he finds himself “ forced ” into retire- who runs a plant of his own, and on examining his slugs I found them remarkably hard, in fact, they were so hard I could scarcely break them with my fingers. I asked him where he got his metal, and he told me, adding : ‘ All the difficulty I have had has come from mixing one kind of metal with another.’ I was so anxious to get nice, hard slugs that I did not heed his warning, and the manager of my office got me a small box (250 pounds) of the ‘strange metal’ and I started in - to get cast-iron slugs. Alas ! I got into more trouble with that metal than I can speak of calmly. It worked all right until it got mixed up with the other stuff; then my slugs changed from nice, solid, clear-faced ‘ lines-o-type ’ to spongy, hollow, weak-kneed scraps of metal. No amount of tinkering with the gas governor had a bit of effect; neither changing the mouthpiece nor cleaning the pot did a bit of good. I just had to run along until the virus of that new metal was nullified by the old, and if ever I mix metal again may I be put back at the case on solid great primer five ems wide at to cents a thousand. I think that if you must change your metal you had better discard every ounce of the old stuff and start fresh with the new. Both of these metals were good, but they would not mix. Moral : On Linotypes, let well enough alone. Linotype Troubles. — R. T. T., Freeport, Illinois, writes : “ Will you please answer the following questions in your query column. I am a new beginner and a close reader of The Inland Printer, (i) When I went to work on this machine it was and had been chewing up the matrices, the top of the lower ear. I lowered the first elevator head; it is now all right. Now we are going to get a new set of matrices. How do - I go about it to align the matrix with groove in mold without guessing at it? (2) What causes the machine to jerk when receding from second . elevator just about when THE INLAND PRINTER 687 slug is ejected. Ejector blade and slide fit tight. Spaceband and matrix transfer levers just touch. The brake on mold¬ turning shaft works fine and mold disk stops perfect without a jar. (3) How much space or how should magazine be adjusted in relation to verges and keyrods. The lower verge pawls seemed to hold matrices, so I raised mouth of magazine just a trifle and it worked better. Was that proper? Answer. — (1) The adjustment of the first elevator to prevent shearing of matrix ears can be tested by noting the movement of the first elevator just before the cast takes place. The elevator should rise a trifle — about one-thirty-second of an inch — at this time. If it rises more than this the face of the slug may be damaged when the elevator drops back before the mold retreats. If it moves less, the ears of matrix may strike the edge of the mold groove and shear them. (2) Perhaps one of the screws or pins which connect the transfer levers to the spaceband or second elevator transfers has worked partly out and is catching against the frame of the machine. To determine this, disconnect the transfers from the levers and read or write the English language, and their proofs by hand composition required from four to five readings. With the Simplex it only requires two. A set of photographs showing the machine in its various stages of erection were sent with the machine. With the assistance of these, our manager, Mr. Bran¬ ham, who also, had the benefit of having previously witnessed a Simplex machine in operation in San Francisco, had no diffi¬ culty in putting the machine together and running it most successfully. We never have had one hour’s trouble with the machine. It takes the place of eight compositors. I pay 20 yen ($10) per month to my operator. In spite of the fact that he does not read or understand the English language, he is getting up about thirty thousand ems per day of eight-point type in a day of nine hours. As regards the ability of a native to do better work, my experienced manager, who is an American, gives it as his opinion that their limit will be about forty thousand ems, but the present one in our office has con¬ cluded not to attempt to do any better, although we have offered him 1 yen (which is equivalent to 50 cents in gold) per month GRADUATES MACHINE COMPOSITION BRANCH, INLAND PRINTER TECHNICAL SCHOOL, HOLDING SITUATIONS ON LINOTYPES IN THE CITIES NAMED. move them in their tracks by hand. (3) When keyrods rise to their full up stroke in releasing matrices, they should rise high enough to clear the verges one-thirty-second of an inch. A book on the mechanism of the Linotype would aid you in mastering your machine. Line Delivery Carriage. — E. T. H., Cairo, Illinois, writes : “ I would like to know how to remove the long finger on line- delivery carriage, late model machines. It appears that there is no way of removing this finger. I find no way of taking the finger off of the rod on which it slips in changing length of line.” Answer. — On late model machines, the carriage should be unlatched from the lever behind the face plate and, with the first elevator lowered to first position, the carriage can be slipped out of its track. The short finger must be removed before the long finger can be taken off the rod on which it slides. A small bushing on the right-hand end of the rod can be pushed out with the rod itself, and then the long- finger can easily be removed. Simplex Machine in Japan. — E. V. Thorn, publisher Box of Curios, Yokohama, Japan, furnishes the following account of his experience with the Simplex in Japan with native operators : “ I am publisher of a weekly paper called Box of Curios. Formerly it took three men and three appren- tive boys, native compositors, from Saturday morning until Friday night, working nine hours per day, to do the composi¬ tion of a fourteen-page paper. Since using the Simplex we have one operator who sets the paper up on Friday morning and finishes on Friday night, so that the paper can be pub¬ lished at 5 p.m. This gives him plenty of time during the rest of the week for jobwork. Japanese operators are unable to increase for every additional five thousand ems that he can set up. It is my opinion that the Guild, one of which is in every printing-office in Japan, has placed a limit on the capacity of the machine of about thirty thousand ems, but I feel con¬ fident that if he tried he could get forty thousand ems or more. We also wish to say that we are giving him the highest wages for compositors in Japan, so the American compositors ought to be satisfied with the wages they are getting at home. We have so much composition that we expect in the near future to add another Simplex. All the large printing-offices here are saving up their money to buy one or more, and we predict after the close of the war, when Japan will be victorious, that at least twenty-five to fifty of the Simplex machines will be in operation in Japan.” Belts. — Although individual motor equipment is recom¬ mended for Linotypes as well as other printing-office machin¬ ery, some types of motors, instead of having direct gearing, are belted to the driving pulleys. Short belts are here neces¬ sary, and in all such cases idler pulleys should be used to take up the slack. Where the machines are belted to a line shaft the belts need constant attention. It is always preferable to belt the machine pulley to. a countershaft on the floor, build¬ ing a removable platform over the shaft in this case. The hair or smooth side of the belts should be run next to the pulley, as this brings the fibers of the flesh side, which can best resist the strain, under tension as the belt passes over the pulley. Belts run in this manner do not crack readily. Excessively tight belts should be avoided, not only because of the injury to the belt but because of excessive strains on shafts, boxes, bearings and pulleys. By covering the face of THE INLAND PRINTER pulleys with leather the adhesion of the belt is increased from thirty to forty per cent. Loose belts cause slippage and loss of power. In joining belts, the best practice is to make the belt endless by beveling the ends and gluing them together. Measure length of belt required and deduct one-eighth of an inch for each foot of length to allow for stretch. Motor bases are usually provided with sliding rails which permit the slack to be taken up as the belt stretches. In other cases, the machine itself can be moved to accomplish the same result. With wide, heavy belts it is necessary to lace them, as shown in the diagrams annexed. The edges must be perfectly square and the lacing on the pulley side run parallel with the length of the belt, as shown. The holes should be punched exactly opposite each other and be as small as possible to let the lacing through. When shafts are parallel, a belt always runs to the high part of the pulley. If, however, the shafts are not parallel, and the high side is caused by the position and not the shape of the pulley, as shown in Fig. 3, the belt runs to the low edge. When belts are not to be shifted, crown pulleys, as in Fig. 2, are used. With such pulleys the belt tends to run on the high part, for if, as shown, the belt is forced to one side, the edge becomes stretched, with the edge a traveling faster than the edge b, causing it to run in the direction of the arrow and center itself on the pulley. Belts which become dirty or glazed will slip and fail to transmit power econom¬ ically. If dirty, a piece of soap can be held against them until they stick to the pulley and the dirt can then be scraped off readily. If hard or dry, a good belt dressing should be applied to render them pliable. The String-o-type Machine. — The Gilbert-Stringer com¬ posing machine, which in the meantime is known as the “ String-o-Type,” has been practically completed in London, although not yet shown to the trade. The inventor has based its construction on the principles of the Linotype machine, at least up to a certain point, where new devices are introduced that are covered by a considerable number of patents, taken out in the name of Gilbert-Stringer and others. The machine sets up matrices, which are liberated by a keyboard action, similar to that of the Linotype, the line being justified with wedges. These matrices then move separately before the mold, and molten metal is ejected and single letters are cast therefrom, the finished line when cast being forwarded to a galley. The matrices, after a line is cast, are distributed by a keyed arrangement, also similar to the Linotype. The most noticeable feature in the matrices is that, instead of the letter being cut in the edge of the matrix, as in those of the Linotype, it is cut on the flat side. The inventor’s idea has been to produce a one-man machine that would cast, set and justify single types, thus enabling the correction of its matter to be .done easier than with the solid lines of the Linotype, which, in the event of a single correction, have to be recast. He also claims that it is an improvement on the Monotype, for which the copy has to be prepared on a separate machine to enable it to cast its single types. As we have said, the matrix is presented to the casting portion of the machine on the flat, and an automatic locking action holds it perfectly rigid during the operation of casting, the varying thicknesses of the differ¬ ent letters being secured by the movable walls that form the type mold. When the cast type is ejected from the mold and carried to the race, where the lines assemble, the burrows and tangs are removed automatically and the lines then delivered on to the galley. As in the Linotype, one line of matrices is being set while another is being cast and a third distributed into the magazine; thus practically three lines of matrices are in use at the same time. An improved method of cooling has been adopted for the mold, so that when the type reaches the galley it can easily be handled. The operator has only to manipulate his keyboard and touch the key at the end of every line set, the machine does the rest and goes on until the galley is filled. The inventor claims that he has secured a perfectly correct alignment, but whether that is so or not only a practical test of the machine will confirm. An ingenious arrangement is introduced to secure a perfect height to paper. No definite statement is at present made as to the speed of the “ String-o-Type,” but we understand that it has actually been worked at twelve thousand ens (six thousand ems) per hour. Besides the composing machine, Mr. Stringer has also invented an automatic justifier, that is intended for use with typesetting machines, and it is claimed that by its use matter may be justified at the rate of 13,000 ens (6,500 ems) per hour. A curious feature of this machine is that em" quads are used for dividing the words, and these are trimmed down to a suitable thickness, automatically, by a milling cutter, so that there is no calculation required on the part of the operator. He has only to fill up his line until the bell rings for an overset line. The line of justified type is then carried along from the feeder until it reaches the milling cutter, the forward action stopping momentarily at each space while it is being reduced. Then the line, with its now reduced spaces, is properly justified, and travels on to the delivery galley. Of course all the spaces in any given line are cut down to an equal size by the milling cutter, so that even spacing is secured. Machines that set movable type have rather taken a back seat since the advent of the Linotype and the Monotype, but if this justifier proves to be all that its inventor claims for it, it may lead to a boom in composing machines of that class, which at present may be said to be a drug in the market, as it could be attached to any composing machine and would enable setting and justification to be the work of one operator and one machine. This justifier is a comparatively small piece of mechanism, measuring about 26 by 12 by 18 inches. It may be of interest to know that Mr. H. Gilbert-Stringer is a journalist, who was employed as the first official shorthand writer and Select Committee reporter to the Tasmanian Parliament. While holding this position he used a Hammond typewriter for transcribing his notes, and this turned his thoughts to the production of com¬ posed types. This was in the days before the invention of the Linotype, and Mr. Stringer had never even seen one of the then existing composing machines. His first idea was to use a kind of typewriter, with which to make impressions in stereotype flong, but his experiments in this direction led to no practical result. He went to the World’s Fair at Chicago to act as special correspondent for a syndicate of newspapers, and when there made his first acquaintance with the Linotype and its inventor, and also studied the mechanism of the Monotype and Typograph. Leaving Chicago he went, to Eng¬ land, and since then has devoted practically his whole time to the development of his typecasting and composing machine. Possibly in a short time we may be able to supply further particulars regarding this new invention. r INLAND PRINTER TECHNICAL SCHOOL 120-130 SHERMAN STREET, CHICAGO A. H. McQUILKIN, MANAGER INSTRUCTION IN MACHINE COMPOSITION JOB COMPOSITION PRESSWORK Examples of Jobwprk done by students of tbe Job Composition . ' Branch DANCING PROGRAM THIRTEENTH ANNUAL LADIES’ NIGHT MASONIC APARTMENTS KINGMAN BLOCK FEBRUARY 10. ’04 ST. GEORGE LODGE A. F. & A. M. Sydney Rubber Club Employes of Perdriau & Co. | \ FOURTH | ! ANNUAL | ! PICNIC j Ij 0 0 e ! i CORREY’S GARDENS, CABARITA MARCH 12, 1904 LEAP YEAR PARTY given hy the Dames to their worst halves as a token of appre¬ ciation for favors extended, during the past seven years , at Trostler’s Annex , on Saturday evening, January 16, 1904 Cigars and Tobacco ESTABLISHED 50 YEARS BRASS & IRON BEDSTEADS Of Exclusive and Original Design Also a superb lot of Fine Bedding , Spring Beds , Davenports, Divans, Box Couches, Down Quilts. Unique designs in Cushions, including those especially made for yachts. Illustrated Catalogue sent on receipt of 3 cents in stamps, if you mention Century Magazine CHAS. P. ROGERS & CO MANUFACTURERS Fifth Ave. and 2 1st St. NEW YORK g si O u d £ a s » H g ^ s H * C4 ^ Q Z < w EC H u £ w ta o c < « s. w o t-> a ‘r* g e ~ « ^ c n fcfl Q ■g ^ H g, *> P4 •5' C » ‘~ W > & S . <-* Q fcn ^ C £ < ;£ 8 w s JO PQ s* o Harness Stoves and Ranges Cutlery Mechanics’ Tools Builders’ Hardware Paints and Oils <$ro. ®BJ. Bift? f^arbtoare Company Incorporated CORTLAND, NEB. AGENTS FOR Threshers, Engines Heavy Hardware Shellers, Shredders Field Fence and Agricultural Implements THE INLAND PRINTER 689 las s* JOB If COW [POSH noN 1 those whose deftness and artistic perception were dispropor¬ tionate, of work that bordered on the fantastic and grotesque. The fashion would have resulted in at least more legible printing if plain type-faces had been used, but the rule twisting was used as adornment for fancy faces, any one of which was beautiful and artistic when used by itself, but in combination with three or four others of totally different design, together with rulework and ornament, made something that might be termed a conglomeration. In Fig. i is shown a specimen of Modern Letterpress Designs. — A collection of designs for job position from the British Printer, oo cents. Contests in Typogr. pS,;;r‘iT,Sie,ss [Cal Arrangement, Volume I, containing d in a contest conducted by The Inland on for comparison and study. 40 cents, of proofs selected from odd issues — half¬ etchings, etc. — neatly mounted this style of composition, which displayed creditable ingenuity and patience on the part of its creator and may be justly termed an original composition. Its only artistic merit is the use of a type series, but it is an interesting exhibit of a , twenty-five cal and Critical. Third vol the subject Copiously portfolio, me of the it kinds and shack , prepaid. -By Theodoi i of color stock. A beauti- De Vinne. of Typography.” A tre system, the names, sizes ’ - 403 pages, $2. past style of jobwork. It has been reset (Fig. 2) in order to show the comparison between it and present styles, and to show that good taste is not entirely dependent on clever manipulation of brass rule. Ornamentation that is simply obtrusive and interferes with the type by making distracting spots of color is an error : ten or fifteen years ago a style of job composition rogue that resulted in the production of much original ious typography, that required skill and practice not only in the assembling of type but in the manipulation of brass rule. In fact, the design of rulework, which usually required heating, twisting, filing and even soldering, occupied the profound energies of the compositor to ^such an extent that the type display was often a secondary consideration, and faces and sizes were brought together not on account of their harmony or fitness but because a line of a certain length was required for a prearranged panel space. This kind of work required skill and experience and the men who made a spe¬ cialty of it were sometimes called artist-printers, a term that sometimes coincided with artistic printer and sometimes did not. The men of taste produced many notable and artistic designs, equally agreeable in type selection, arrangement and color, but the fashion was also provocative, in the hands of 5-5 V? GRAIN Wm. I3 BLAKELY Gexekal Merchandise I-F.r,r> FERTILIZERS ■ 11 shown in Fig. 3. A word-ornament is occasionally useful and will fill a blank space acceptably sometimes, but in the present instance the space occupied by the two opposed speci- Aed WM. P. BLAKELY FERTILIZERS DEALER IN GENERAL MERCHANDISE 9V2 to ream.” Answer. — There can be little doubt of your success as a pressman of long experience, judging from your workmanship, for it equals that shown on the pretentious illustrated weeklies. Your method of treatment is one much in vogue and has many claims to merit ; but the better way is to have metal bases made to standard sizes, and patent lock-up clamps placed on sides and end of these. This will give you the facilities of interlaying between plate and block, so desirable. Gordon Pressworic. — The following is contributed by Eugene St. John, Cleveland, Ohio : “ The double disk on platen presses is condemned by many because of the difficulty of an absolutely clean wash-up, so necessary in colorwork, though its superiority over single disk in other respects is conceded. The tedious and often unsuccessful cleaning of the double disk may be entirely avoided by loosening the screw back of center of inner disk, lifting it out entirely and ing sliding surfaces wear rapidly unless precautions are taken, this wear increasing with weight of press and speed of opera¬ tion. At most, any point in this country you can step into a platen pressroom and hear the Gordons, sizes xo by 15 up, pounding at an awful rate in the large gear wheel. This is occasioned by flat surfaces on the little cam wheel or stud in the cam way, and, in aggravated cases, by a similar condition in the cam way itself. In the latter case the only remedy is a new gear wheel ; in the former a new stud. In either case the expense is considerable unless the gear wheel is taken off by a machinist or pressman who knows how. We have seen a number of these gear wheels, costing from $30 to $60, cracked because of inexperience. To get these wheels off without breaking, you take off fly-wheel, heat journal at both ends, also both right and left gear wheels and with sledge and steel billet strike center of journal at opposite ends alternately until loose, when the rest is easy. This is a tedious and difficult job, taking a half day and much elbow grease. It is much easier to take precautions in advance by oiling the hole in the cam roller and smearing the cam way THE INLAND PRINTER 705 freely with a mixture of graphite and vaselin. The oil hole in stud can only he gotten at when press is in one position (referring to sizes io by 15 up) : when the rollers are down and platen back. Every other oil .hole on the press should be lubricated daily with a drop or two of good thin oil (sewing- machine oil, for instance) just before starting run. It is foolish to oil a press and then let it stand some hours, allow¬ ing the oil to run from bearings to frame and floor. Occa¬ sionally bearings should be well washed or flooded with kerosene. Many pages have been written, decrying the inferi¬ ority of clam shell impression on Gordon and other presses to the square impression of the rolling type, and not a few pressmen and others think the more rigid impression of the Armory and Universal type is due to the closer approach to a square impact. The real superiority of impression in the Universal type is found in the greater thickness in bed and platen, and the superior support back of platen center, thus keeping spring in metal to a minimum. Then the easy changes of impression on the Universal type and the more difficult changes on Gordon, by means of inconvenient lower screws, have made common the use of considerable packing on the latter machine. Take two heavy, solid forms exactly alike and place one on a Gordon and the other on a Colt’s Armory the same size. Print on the Gordon with a three-ply cardboard and two sheets of book paper, the common procedure, and on the Armory with two sheets of book paper. The first impres¬ sion on Gordon shows weak in center, so much so a careful overlay requiring possibly three thicknesses of French folio in some places is necessary, and after running a thousand impressions the impression will show slightly on the back of sheet. The same form on the Armory may require but one thickness of French folio to equalize impression, and that can be pasted on back of form so that no impression is dis¬ cernible on back of sheet after first thousand. The reasons for the difference are (1) the Armory bed and platen being heavier and the platen being braced well in center, there is consequently less give in center than on the lighter and not so well-braced Gordon; (2) the platen on Armory is easily thrown forward and no cardboard packing is used, to give down under impressions and cause embossment on back, whereas in order to save time the Gordon pressman does this very thing. The following remedy for this defect of the Gordon is submitted. These devices are in only limited use but have been found highly satisfactory, especially bn the finest grade of work, requiring hard impression with little overlaying to give down and show embossment on back. Set the Gordon platen forward, so that make-ready with a sheet of three-ply board and several sheets of book paper will be sufficient. The first rough overlay (presuming this is a heavy form requiring two overlays) is securely fastened to platen with glue. Lay the cardboard over the overlay and make second and final overlay. This is pasted on back of form. Now substitute a sheet of copper, same thickness as cardboard, under tympan and tear out one sheet of tympan and you have as hard and rigid an impression as may be desired. Another “ wrinkle ” used by some of the older Gordon pressmen is to drive steel wedges between rocker and platen, back of the latter’s center, where it is weakest. This does away with much unnecessary overlaying and is a time and money saver. By following these hints the Gordon pressman can get as good an impression as his brother on the Colt’s Armory and Universal. Of course the latter is superior in breaking up and distributing the ink and in supplying a sufficient and even supply of ink without offset on cut forms not slip-sheeted. Here the Gordon pressman is at a disad¬ vantage, but by having his ink suited to job in hand, using best rollers and utilizing underlay to best advantage, he can, with slip sheets, equal the production of the Universal type of press and run more rapidly, excepting only the very heaviest forms, which even the Colt’s Armory handles very slowly and which really belong on a pony press. ,5-6 BY E. F. WAGNER. Correspondence relating to this department is respectfully invited from lithographers, lithographic artists, and others inter¬ ested. Individual experiences in any way pertaining to the trade are solicited. Differences of opinion regarding answers given by the editor will receive respectful consideration. Ad¬ dress all samples and letters to The Inland Printer Company, Chicago. Workmen in every branch of the printing and allied trades are requested to file their names, addresses and qualifications on THE INLAND PRINTER’S list of available employes. Reg¬ istration fee, $1. Name remains on list and is sent to all inquirers for three months; privilege of renewal without further charge. Employers are invited to call upon us for competent help for any department. List furnished free. Spec¬ ification blanks on request. Enclose stamp when inquiring for list of available employes. Address, The Inland Printer Company, Chicago. The following list of books is given for the convenience of readers. Orders may be sent to The Inland Printer Company. Photolithography.— George Fritz. $1.75. Grammar of Lithography. — W. D. Richmond. $2. es, $3.50 each. Modern Alphabets, $3.5 ihique, third Rapid-drying Inks. — According to Nordisk Boktrykkare- konst, of Stockholm, an invention has been patented there by which the colored inks in cans will be prevented from drying too quickly on the shelf, but will dry instantly upon the paper. In the above periodical several half-tone prints have been inserted which show very good color printing, executed with these colors. These colors are made by the Typochroma Works and are known as “ Special Colors.” In the Allgemeiner Anzeiger fur Druckereien for June last the following situations were wanted : Twelve chromo lithog¬ raphers, including a few foremen; thirteen commercial letter- ers, vignette engravers, etc. ; twenty-eight provers, transferrers and pressmen, and twenty-four photo-mechanical and process men. This seems to indicate dull times in the center of the lithographing industry in Europe. A Study in Developers. — Developing and developers is a good study for the lithographic artist, who has come to realize that he must not neglect the mission of the photographic art in his business. In the June issue of the Practical Photog¬ rapher the various developers are treated from every available viewpoint, describing the effect of mixing, diluting, adding or changing on the character of the negative. Grained Papers for Processwork. — Robert Forsyth, 65 Regent street, Glasgow, Scotland, has sent a communication regarding grained papers. In America the grained papers are not as popular as they should be, for many fine effects can be obtained without the operator being a lithographer. The sam¬ ples are all that can be desired and the address is given for those who may be inclined to purchase the foreign material. According to Rowland B. Knoedler, the well-known art dealer, who is now in Europe, the purchasing of American paintings there is gaining considerable headway, and good work commands high prices, there being no prejudice, as for¬ merly prevalent. In reply to a question as to the school of painting most in vogue, this authority replied that the impres¬ sionist fad does not appeal as strongly to the art-loving pur¬ chaser as it did a few years ago. Federweiss, Spanish Chalk or Soapstone. — S. P. S. L., Westfield, Massachusetts, writes ; "In a book I have recently bought on lithography I see that federweiss is recommended to use on a transfer, but I can not translate the word to the dealer. Could you tell me what it is in English?” Answer .— 706 THE INLAND PRINTER It is commonly called soapstone, and is used to take off the preponderance of resin upon the transfer. It is also used to prevent fresh impressions from offsetting when the proper time for drying can not be allowed. Delicate Crayon Tints on Lithographic Drawings. — It is not an easy matter to draw an even and very delicate trans¬ parent tint to look like a mere breath across a grained stone surface and at the same time have it of sufficient stamina to resist the acid when etching. This can be done by taking an ordinary box of soft crayons and, placing a piece of linen around your forefinger, proceed to charge the cloth as you would a stump with black chalk, and then gently deposit the crayon upon the stone where wanted. Photo by F. C. White. Patented July 5, 1904. A Menace to the Lithographic Trade. — It is a fact that the number of lithographic apprentices has not kept up with the demand and now there are not sufficient stipple artists to fill the places demanding their services, and much work that should be lithographed is going into other channels. The hap¬ piness of those few who now enjoy a monopoly in stippling may not last as long as they expect. Bronze or Iridescent Sheen. — B. L. T., Baltimore, Mary¬ land, writes : “ It may be of interest to you to know that the ink usually so difficult to get for bronze (sheen) printing I have obtained with a composition of 700 parts shellac dissolved in 41 parts of ninety-five-degree alcohol ; let it stand for a few days, then add 400 grains anilin red. Add to the color according to judgment.” That question which, from an American and English stand¬ point, has been so perplexing in art — the nude — is gradually clearing itself as the true principles of art are emerging from the shroud of ignorance. Photography is largely instrumental in throwing the light' upon this subject. “ Studio Notes on the Nude in Photography,” in the June issue of the Photographic Times Bulletin, has been ably discussed and illustrated by Dr. R. W. Shufeldt, C.M.Z.S. Photo-linol, spoken of in Process W ork, is a waterproof material, parchmented and translucent, of great durability. It carries a light-sensitive emulsion. A picture impressed upon the front permeates the linen fabric and is visible on the back, so that it can be illuminated. The photographic image can be colored so as to represent an oil painting. Pictures up to 10 by 10 feet can be produced by it, yet the process of affixing is very simple. Strong Etching Ground for Nitric Acid Etching. — Dr. M., Monterey, Mexico, writes : “ I want a very strong etching ground that will resist the action of nitric acid lessened to 5 parts of water and 1 part of acid, and it must be very black. It is to be applied to steel. Please tell me the price of one pound and how to apply it.” Answer. — The usual steel or copper¬ plate engravers’ etching ground is the material which our correspondent wants. It is applied to the plate while the same is in a heated condition through silk cloth in the form of a dabber. Then the blackness is produced by smoking the plate over a torch, by which the fine particles of lampblack are deposited and incorporated upon the ground. Write to the American Steel & Copperplate Company, 150 Nassau street,. New York, for the supplies. Gelatin Grains, Films and Folios. — C. C. D., Buffalo, New York, writes: “I would like to call your attention to the article from ‘ Etcher,’ New York, about gelatin. You have omitted to state that gelatin can be shriveled by the addition of certain substances. It can be cast upon grained plates and then will yield a beautiful grained surface. But particularly -I would call your attention to the useful gelatin folios which bear a grained surface upon which one can work with litho- crayon and then transfer to stone. The advantage of tracing through this transparent medium from a drawing or from a sketch or outline is apparent.” Anszver. — We are much indebted to our correspondent for the suggestion, although these gelatin grained folios were mentioned when they first made their appearance. Regarding the shriveling of a gelatin film upon a glass plate, the grain can be produced, but the same can not be transferred upon stone, owing to the very close texture of this grain. To all this it may be added that the sand blast offers advantages for grain textures that should not be despised. Typographic Posters.- — The inability of the lithographic houses to supply the demand for the lithographic poster has brought out the old-time white pine, cherry and other wood blocks for the production of artistic posterwork, along with the actual hand-painted poster, which is also a competitor of the lithographic product in artistic advertise¬ ments upon fences and walls. The novelty of this latest revival of the woodcut poster consists of a peculiar color scheme which, although it employs the three primaries, blue, red and yellow, has been so arranged in the tooling and tinting that the effect is more of the secondaries and primaries blended with the tertiaries. The result is, therefore, a har¬ monious tone foreign to the old-time wood poster, showing not the crudities of strong reds, blues and yellows, but a certain chaste and refined touch. Some very fine examples of this kind of work have been seen of late, comparing very well with lithography. There is something in the make-ready which may be dearer than lithographic printing, but it may serve as a warning to the poster lithographer that there are other methods of producing posters besides lithography. Estimating on Engraving. — “ Engraver,” Buffalo, writes r “ I am a general engraver here and on almost every job the foreman comes around to get an estimate on a piece of work. Now, this is not tending to good results, as sometimes — almost always — I find that the time is too short, and the result is hurried work. I believe in the West the practice is different, and the work done is far superior.” Anszver. — From a business point of view the right of a firm to try to find the cost of a piece of engraving beforehand can not be denied. THE INLAND PRINTER 707 Viewing the matter from the engraver’s side, it would be much better if the foreman would employ different means to get at the cost of the work done in the establishment over which he presides. If you have not been able to discover a way to esti¬ mate upon your, own work, or do not care to fix a time before¬ hand, it ought to make no difference. It is the foreman’s place to estimate upon that work. About Time Clocks. — “ Sketch Artist,” Newark, New Jer¬ sey, writes : “ I would like to find out for a friend of mine who is working in a large art establishment up here what the idea of other sketch artists is in regard to a designer and his relation to time clocks and time slips. Is it right to make an artist stand up every morning and noon and punch a time¬ keeping contrivance, the same as a regular shop employe? His work is of such a nature as not to permit of measurement, and by restricting him his quality must naturally be decreased. You evidently know the custom in vogue and would let this reader know if it is the custom elsewhere.” Answer. — It is the custom to record the time of all hands employed in a shop or factory who are engaged in producing something for money. Naturally the person so employed has an equal right to ask the employer to come to time when pay-day comes around. These two principles should not cause much worry if the “ con¬ stitution ” of the parties concerned is correct. There are a number of shops, perhaps, where this appearance of strictness is not practiced in the artist-room, but account must never¬ theless be taken, as all concerns are in competition with each other, and no concern could exist unless it could predetermine just how much its work will cost. A lax method on the part of the firm would soon develop lassitude in the men and spell ruin to the firm. The rules of a firm should be complied with by all employed; there should be, in fact, no discrimination shown unless something unreasonable is demanded, but order and system should be upheld at any cost. If a person is so dignified and his ability so great that he finds himself handi¬ capped by any rules, he would better establish a studio and furnish rules for the conduct of his patrons instead. Transfer-ink for Copperplate Transferring. — Jersey City, New Jersey, writes: “In answer to your inquiry for a good recipe for copperplate transfer-ink, I enclose you the fol¬ lowing, which I have found very useful during my practice : Twelve parts wax, i part tallow, 4 parts oil soap (soft soap), 16 parts resin, 12 parts weak lithograph varnish; melt this over a fire. Frankfort black, which has been finely ground, is then added by grinding on the slab. The impressions had better be made upon autotype transfer-paper.” Importance of the Transferrer. — Referring to the article which appeared in the June issue of The Inland Printer regarding the skill of the lithograph prover, an esteemed cor¬ respondent writes the following : “ It seems strange to me that you laud the prover over all others in the lithographic pro¬ fession, when you ought to be aware that the transferrer is really the mainstay of the business. He is the main factor which cheapens the production so that the lithographic trade can advantageously compete with other processes. No one knows better than the transferrer what a difficult task it is to pull a lot of even impressions, sometimes from doubtful stones, then get the different parts to register on large-sized stones, rubbing up with cunning hand and etch just right, with all the other handy acts based on good judgment, steady nerves and long practice.” Answer. — When it depends upon importance, it can be safely said that all manipulations in the lithographic trade are essential to produce good results. Not one of them can be left out. Like the old fable of the dispute of the different members of the human body, all have their par¬ ticular functions, and if one of them refuses to act in its proper capacity, there will be trouble or ruin. Our worthy corre¬ spondent will, we hope, recognize the fact that some branches are more difficult to learn than others, and that was the point that we wished to bring out. A Useful Color Process for Fine Art Subjects. — “Etcher,” Newport, Rhode Island, writes: “Of the recent invention of a new color process of which I had the pleasure to notify you, I now take the liberty to inclose a sample for unreserved criticism. I believe you will find that it is superior to anything which has been invented of recent years. I noticed your article in the March issue of The Inland Printer on a similar process, and thank you for putting me in touch with this party, but on examining his work I find that, although good as far as it goes, it can only be used on very small sizes, and even then it becomes very expensive. All the color plates are etched, and this simply puts the whole matter out of question. Think of the time consumed in engraving on copper three or four plates the size of, say, 10 by 12 or over. Now, THE NAVAL EXHIBIT, ON THE PIKE. Photo by F. C. White. Patented July 5, 1904. my method is based on a different system and is certainly eight times as economical ; then it can be used for any sized plates.” Anstver. — With all due respect to our correspondent, upon examination we find that the three-color plates are made with the aid of the three-color process, or, in other words, by half¬ tone, with the exception that the grained screen has been used instead of the ruled screen. The key-plate, however, is engraved upon copper plate or steel and contains much etching, and has been very artistically wiped in printing. This process can be successfully used for large art subjects, but the color plates could be better made from stone. For small editions this would be cheaper. The rich relief and decision, which is an evident characteristic feature of this method, can be then used for finishing. Nevertheless, the process, if it can be prop¬ erly called so, would be rather expensive for average use; besides, it would be difficult to find a processworker and a lithographer who could work in unison so as to produce a homogeneous result, from an artistic point of view. Still, if a market can be found for this product there is no doubt that the hands would soon be forthcoming to create more of it. The combination of workers could be arranged, but present conditions would be awkward for experimenting. 708 THE INLAND PRINTER BY DANIEL C. SHELLEY. Secretaries and members of local Typothetae and other organizations of employing printers are requested to send news of interest to employers for publication in this department. Matters concerning wage and labor disputes and settlements are especially desired. Contributions and news items may be addressed to Daniel C. Shelley, Secretary Chicago Typothetae, 942 Monadnock building, Chicago, or to the Editor of The Inland Printer. Unanimous ! If one were disposed to carry the art of condensation to an . extreme, the story of the deliberations of the eighteenth annual convention of the United Typothetae of America could be told in one word. The convention was unanimous the first day, the second day', and the third day. It was deliberate and determined in all that was done. The delegates acted as a unit and voted as a unit. There was serious work to do and it was done seriously. When, at 3 o’clock Thursday afternoon, June 24, President Edward Stern, of Philadelphia, surrendered the executive office to President George H. Ellis, of Boston, the United Typothetse of America was born again. A lusty infant in 1887, it has had its “ mewling and puking ” years, has served its period of indenture, and profiting by the experience of its apprenticeship, it is now qualified to demand a place in the center of the first row of strong employers’ organizations. More than two hundred and fifty delegates and alternates attended the convention, which assembled in St. Louis, Tues¬ day, June 21, in the convention hall of the Century building. Every great printing center of the country was represented. Most of the delegates came instructed as to how to vote on the great question that was to be decided, which was the adoption or rejection of the compulsory emergency fund con¬ stitution recommended by the National Executive Committee. That all-important feature of the work to be done was made the special order of business for Wednesday morning, the second day of the convention. Going into Committee of the Whole, the delegates took up the constitution, section by sec¬ tion, and proceeded to adopt it. Some minor changes were made in the draft presented and recommended by the National Executive Committee. Mem¬ bership qualifications were more clearly defined, and a section was added which prohibits active members of labor organi¬ zations from holding membership in Typothetae. When the national emergency fund sections were reached, Delegate Burke, of' the Norfolk and Portsmouth Typothetae, acting under instructions, moved to amend by making the annual assessment one-quarter of one per cent of the annual pay¬ roll instead of one-half of one per cent. There was such decided opposition to this change that Mr. Burke withdrew his amendment, and the emergency fund provisions were adopted as recommended. There was no quibbling, no splitting of hairs, no wasting of words while the new constitution was under consideration. It was thought that there might be opposition to it, but none developed. After working in executive session for three hours, the Committee of the Whole reported the new con¬ stitution back to the convention, and it was adopted without a dissenting vote. IMPORTANT PROVISIONS OF THE NEW CONSTITUTION. The important provisions of the new constitution are embraced in that portion of Article I, headed “ Powers,” and Article VIII and Article IX. They are as follows: POWERS. Section i. It shall have power to legislate for its membership- and determine all questions arising between them or it and the trades unions or other employes, in regard to shop practice, hours of labor, apprentices and every other question except wages, which being gov¬ erned by local conditions shall be regulated by the local organizations. It shall have power to levy assessments for the Emergency Fund and make laws for its disbursement in the protection of its members, and shall be empowered to enforce its laws by fines imposed upon its members and by the withdrawal of their charters upon failure to comply with its laws as they may be from time to time enacted. Sec. 2. No general law shall he enacted except at a regular annual convention, or at a special convention regularly called for the purpose, and by a vote of three-fourths of the delegates present as provided in Article III, Section 2, the same having been reported upon favorably by the Executive Committee. ARTICLE VIII. . Section i. Each local Typothetae shall, upon admission to this association, pay into the treasury a sum equal to $10 as an initiation fee for each person or firm holding active membership in the local Typothetae. Sec. 2. Each individual member of a local Typothetae or individual members of the United Typothetae of America shall pay monthly to the treasurer of the United Typothetae of America a sum equal to one-half of one per cent of his average monthly pay-roll in all the mechanical departments (composing-room, pressroom, bindery and foun¬ dry) for the previous year. For the sake of convenience in collection and in bookkeeping these monthly payments shall be in even dollars, the amount being that even number of dollars nearest to the exact figures. No member shall pay less than $2 per month. Thirty per cent of these dues shall be credited to the General Fund, which General Fund shall be used for all the running expenses of the United Typothetse of America. Seventy per cent of the dues thus received shall be placed to the credit of the Emergency Fund, which shall be disbursed by the treasurer on the order of the president and chairman of the Executive Committee for such purposes as are hereinafter stated. Sec. 3. The Executive Committee, with a three-fourths vote, shall have the power at any time to levy an extra assessment for the general expense of the organization, which shall not exceed the regular dues for one month. '.Sec. 4. When the amount of money in -the hands of the treasurer to the credit of the Emergency Fund shall amount to $100,000, the payments to this fund shall cease to those members who have been paying continuously from January 1, 1903, and shall cease to all others when they have completed their payments for the same number of months; but the thirty per cent for general expenses shall continue as the monthly dues to all members. When, however, this fund has been depleted, for any reason, below $100,000, the full monthly pay¬ ments shall be resumed and continue until the fund is restored to ARTICLE IX. EMERGENCY FUND. The Emergency Fund shall be paid to members of the Typothetae under the following circumstances: Section i. When any member of the Typothetae is struck or is threatened with a strike he shall immediately make a written statement of all the facts and submit the same to the Executive Committee of the local Typothetae, if he is a member of such Typothetae, or if he is an individual member of the United Typothetae of America, to the secre¬ tary of the United Typothetae of America. After local investigation these statements shall be forwarded to the chairman of the Executive Committee of the United Typothetae of America, with recommendations. After consideration by the Executive Committee, the said committee may order paid from the Emergency Fund as strike benefit to such a member each month for three months during the said strike an amount of money to cover the entire or such proportion of the member’s loss as may be decided upon by the said committee, except that such payment shall not amount, in any one month, to more than thirty times the monthly sub¬ scription of that member. Provided, however, that if, in the opinion of the chairman or of any two members of the Executive Committee of the United Typothetae of America, a larger monthly payment or payment for a longer period than three months seems advisable, the reasons for the same shall be reduced to writing, and if said Executive Committee shall, by a three-fourths vote, decide in favor of such additional payment, the same shall be made. Sec. 2. No member shall be a beneficiary of the Emergency Fund who has not paid either subscriptions or dues to this fund for at least three months prior to his strike, or who is three months in arrears in the payment of his dues, unless such benefits are unanimously approved by the Executive Committee of the United Typothetas of America. PRESIDENT stern’s ANNUAL ADDRESS. The convention was called to order at 10:30 o’clock Tues¬ day morning by President Edward Stern. Edward S. Hart, THE INLAND PRINTER 709 president of the St. Louis Typothetae, was introduced and welcomed the delegates to St. Louis. The welcome was responded to by George H. Ellis, of Boston. President Stern announced the appointment of Messrs. Macintyre, of Philadelphia ; Paulus, of Pittsburg, and Skinner, of St. Louis, as a Committee on Credentials. President Stern then read his annual address. It was a comprehensive paper, and covered every phase of the activities of the United Typothetae of America for the preceding year. From it the following extracts are made : One of the first steps to be taken should be the wider and more complete organization of the master printers of the country. Despite the members comprising it, reliable information necessary to the wisest con¬ certed action. In organizations, as with individuals, knowledge is; power,, and accurate information is. essential to wise action. , Without adequate knowledge of the labor conditions existing in the various establishments,, the Executive Committee must needs be without the proper perspective- which alone enables it to form a. correct conclusibn. According to my- view, such requisite informatiqn. would include data covering wages,, hours of labor/ number of employes, whether union or non-union, and the precise nature and extent of the manufacturing facilities, as well as. data in relation to apprentices in training, and what methods are pur¬ sued to secure lapprentices. , , I offer , this merely as a .tentative sugges-- tion, but I recommend the appointment of a special committee to investi¬ gate the subject of the proper data to be obt,aijjed . an.d .how to be obtained. I believe they should report at an early date to the newly elected Executive Committee. It should be the especial business of this; GEORGE H. ELLIS, PRESIDENT. addition of new adherents, the United Typothetae of America has not kept pace in all sections of the country with the organizations of employes by the trade unions. It is necessary to extend the organiza¬ tion in districts which have hitherto been incompletely represented. Especially is this true in the South, the Southwest and the Northwest. In this respect, the United Typothetae of America should act upon its own initiative, and should make active propaganda for new members. Furthermore, the unaffiliated master printers should not wait until con¬ flicts with employes force them, as a matter of protection, into the organization, but they should, of their own accord, become members and willingly bear their share of the burden. The organization should also continu’e with its work of education, with the object of bringing the members to a clearer appreciation of the aims and purposes of the association, as promulgated in our declaration of policy. It should also be incumbent upon the United Typothetae of America to extend the sphere of agreements made with the labor organizations in the printing industry, and to supplement the. national agreements by local conven¬ tions covering the conditions in the several cities. The national organ¬ ization will continue to prosecute its work of creating, where possible, •amicable relations with unions, while repelling at all times unjust and unwarranted aggressions from that or any other source. I wish to emphasize as strongly as possible the imperative necessity -of securing for our organization, from its locals and from individual special committee to devise some plan or method by which the central office of the organization will, in fact, be a national bureau of informa¬ tion for the permanent collection and collation of statistical and other data bearing upon the state and progress of the trade. The need for a bureau of this sort is great and immediate. It is true that in several cities local labor bureaus have already been created and have met with a fair measure of success, and they will, undoubtedly, be of great value when their aims and purposes are better understood. In these days of organization upon a national scale, however, these local bureaus must necessarily be supplemented by a national bureau which will serve as a clearing-house for labor information for the whole country. The success of such a national bureau must depend in the final instance upon the hearty and cheerful cooperation of individual members. I desire, there¬ fore, to impress upon each member the necessity of his hearty coopera¬ tion in any plan or movement adopted by the committee, looking toward the securing of accurate information for the whole trade. Our national agreement with the International Printing Pressmen’s and Assistants’ Union has now been in force for two years, and both parties thereto are to be congratulated upon the improved conditions for which this useful and valuable instrument is directly responsible. At no period in recent years has this branch of our business been more free from serious disturbing influences. There seems to be no question or difference which could by any possibility arise, as between the contract- 710 THE INLAND PRINTER ing parties thereto, which is not duly provided for in the terms of the agreement. It is a well-considered paper, and while the evidences of unrest and discontent have not wholly abated, the progress toward that goal is encouraging. The United Typothete of America, through its officers, has religiously the letter, and wherever it encountered, on the part of any of its locals, a disposition to demur, it was not slow to bring them to a realizing sense of the duties and responsibilities which their acceptance of the agreement imposed upon them, and in no essential has there been even the slightest infraction of the terms of the agreement on the part of its members — a satisfying proof that the United Typothetae of America respects the obligation of the agreement, and at all costs keeps inviolable its promises. It is to be regretted, however, that we have no similar agreements with the other national organizations of the trades kindred to our busi¬ ness. The efficacy of such agreements in avoiding trouble, allaying unrest and preventing possible disruption of business relations, would prove most helpful to all parties interested, besides resulting in avoiding the pecuniary losses attendant on unnecessary strikes. It is to be hoped that whatever element of friction now exists between ourselves and employes, not covered by the International Printing Pressmen’s and Assistants’ Union agreement, will be eliminated by the adoption of trade agreements with the other organizations of employes in our trade. REPORTS OF THE OTHER OFFICERS. The report of National Secretary Edwin Freegard, and the report of John Macintyre, secretary of the National Executive Committee, gave minute details of the work per¬ formed during the year by these officers. National Treasurer Thomas E. Donnelley reported the financial condition of the United Typothetae, and Chairman of the Executive Committee William Green, of New York, in his rugged, honest, out¬ spoken way, fired volley after volley of terse and truthful things at the delegates. In the course of the report that he read he said : Concerning this eight-hour question, your Executive Committee has consistently maintained that any change in the number of hours consti¬ tuting a week’s work should not be a matter for local discussion or adjustment; that it should be an international matter to be settled by the parent bodies. You have heard the secretary’s report, and must now realize that at this convention we are right up to that question. The International Typographical Union has finally accepted, for the time being, our construction of the matter, and has requested an audience of your Executive Committee during this week to discuss that very question. It is for you to decide what our action will be and what stand we will take in that interview, but with that decision must go your responsibility for it, and your own future actions must be governed thereby. If you wish to resist the eight hours you will have to put up a fight — and a good stiff one at that — -and I can not too strongly impress this upon you. The greatest efficiency of a United Typothetae can only come from united action. With different cities, and even different firms in the same city, pulling or sliding in various ways according to their inclina¬ tion or weakness, you will realize that a really United Typothetae is absolutely impossible. If you will bear in mind that the strength of this body depends entirely upon the fidelity of its members; that if you expect services from this body, it is your imperative duty to your¬ selves to respond when called upon; that if you expect results that cost money, you must bear your full share of the expense; that if you are willing to accept from your president and executive officers their oner¬ ous services without pay, the very least you can do is to loyally support those officials; that it should be your duty and privilege, as members of this body, to consult with your officials before taking action and to honestly say what you are prepared to do, and then to do it with all your might and main; that there is no sense in agitating label legisla¬ tion while you lack the courage to refuse to use the label; if you will bear these things in mind and act accordingly, support your officials loyally and be true to the rest of the membership, you will make this United Typothete of America feared and respected throughout the coun¬ try, make it such a power that no labor union will dare to take an aggressive step without first consulting and conferring with your repre¬ sentatives, make it such a power that your contemporaries in business will recognize its value and be glad to join it and to assist you in maintaining the freedom, integrity and dignity of your own trade. ROUTINE WORK OF THE CONVENTION. Tuesday’s session was devoted to reading the reports of the officers, Wednesday’s to consideration of the new consti¬ tution and the reading of committee reports, leaving Thurs¬ day’s session for the routine work of the convention. At Tuesday’s session two communications were read by Secretary Freegard. One was from President Martin P. Higgins, of the International Printing Pressmen’s and Assist¬ ants’ Union, concerning the shorter work-day, which was referred to the new National Executive Committee for reply. The other communication was from James M. Lynch, presi¬ dent of the International Typographical Union, notifying the convention that the Shorter Workday Committee of the Inter¬ national Typographical Union was in St. Louis and desired a conference with a committee of the United Typothetae for the purpose of securing an authoritative statement of the posi¬ tion of the United Typothetae on the proposed eight-hour day. A committee of five was appointed to meet the International Typographical Union committee, which was composed of President Lynch, Vice-President Miller and Secretary-Treas¬ urer Bramwood. The conference was held in the Jefferson hotel, and at Thursday’s session, after the United Typothetae committee had reported, the following resolution, presented by Thomas E. Donnelley, of Chicago, was adopted as the reply to the International Typographical Union committee, and the resolution was afterward handed to President Lynch and his colleagues : Whereas, The International Typographical Union has asked the United Typothetae of America to declare its position upon the proposed eight-hour day, and Whereas, Under existing conditions any attempt to reduce the hours of labor in the printing trade would be disastrous to the employer and employe alike, be it Resolved, That the United Typothetae of America declares that it is opposed to any reduction of the fifty-four-hour week, and be it further Resolved, That the United Typothetae of America will resist any attempt on the part of the International Typographical Union to reduce the present hours of labor. F. C. Nunemacher, of Louisville, is a believer in the open shop with no reservations, mental or otherwise. He read a paper on that topic, and presented the following resolution, which was adopted : Resolved, That the members of the United Typothetae in convention assembled do hereby declare their belief that what is known as the “ open shop ” represents to the highest degree the principles that should govern the relations between employers and employes, and as true American citizens, conscious of their duty to deal fairly by all men, do by this act pledge themselves to each other and to their employes that when their respective plants become operated under “ open shop ” prin¬ ciples they will refuse work to no man on account of his membership or non-membership in any labor organization that concedes the establish¬ ment of the “ open shop.” J. G. Warner, of New York, addressed the convention on the subject of “Fire Insurance,” submitting a plan applicable to the line of business in which Typothetae members are engaged. Mr. Warner’s project will be taken up by a com¬ mittee and given consideration. Atlantic City was offered as the next place of meeting by the Nominating Committee, which was composed of Alfred F. Edgell, F. Alfred, William F. Hall, Willis J. Wells, Frank Pease, James Berwick, John E. Burke, Thomas W. Cadick, C. M. Skinner, Thomas J. Barry, John Watson and O. W. Miller. The committee presented the following list of officers for 1904-05 : President — George H. Ellis, Boston. Vice-President- — William Green, New York city. Treasurer — Thomas E. Donnelley, Chicago. Executive Committee — A. R. Barnes, Chicago; I. H. Blanchard, New York; John E. Burke, Norfolk; J. Stearns Cushing, Boston; E. S. Hart, St. Louis; Franklin Hudson, Kansas City; Wilson H. Lee, New Haven; C. W. Lloyd, Detroit; O. W. Miller, Minneapolis; F. C. Nunemacher, Louisville; H. P. Pears, Pittsburg; Edward Stern, Phila¬ delphia. The report of the committee was unanimously adopted. The thanks of the convention were voted to the retiring officers, to the St. Louis Typothetae for its hospitality and to the Messrs. Schraubstadter, of the Inland Type Foundry, for the entertainment they furnished the delegates and their ladies. Addresses were made by Messrs. Ellis, Green and Don¬ nelley, the newly elected president, vice-president and treas- THE INLAND PRINTER 711 urer, and by Messrs. Stern and Freegard, the retiring president and treasurer, and then the convention adjourned sine die. After the adjournment the new executive committee organ¬ ized by the election of Vice-President William Green as chair¬ man and John Macintyre as secretary. The trustees of the old emergency fund met after adjourn¬ ment and ratified the transfer of some $20,000 remaining in the fund to the new National Emergency Fund. THE NEW OFFICERS OF THE UNITED TYPOTHETAE OF AMERICA. George H. Ellis, of Boston, the new president of the United Typothetae, is a successful master printer of the Hub, and is the controlling factor of the firm of George H. Ellis & Co. Mr. Ellis has long been a familiar figure at the annual conventions and is known as the father of the emergency fund. When others saw no hope for that feature of United Typothetae work, Mr. Ellis stuck to it, and he has the satis- Vice-President, and Chairman Executive Committee. faction of seeing it made a compulsory feature of the organi¬ zation and to be the executive head of the United Typothetae during the first year of its incorporation into the constitution. Mr. Ellis has a hard task before him, and he knows it; he is a hard fighter and a fair fighter, and there is no doubt in the minds of those who know him that he will pull the United Typothetae safely through what promises to be the most troublous year in its history. William Green and Thomas E. Donnelley, reelected vice- president and treasurer respectively, are old hands in their offices. The former is a successful printer of New York city, president of the New York Typothetae, and a tireless worker in the interest of the United Typothetae. Mr. Don¬ nelley is the president of the R. R. Donnelley & Sons Com¬ pany, of Chicago, one of the largest general printing houses in the United States, and has safely guarded the funds of the United Typothetae for years ; and, more than that, has advanced money to keep the United Typothetae going when there were no funds in the treasury to guard. John Macintyre, chosen secretary to the National Execu¬ tive Committee, is a practical printer of wide experience. For three years past he has been manager of the Philadel¬ phia Printers’ Board of Trade and secretary of the Phil¬ adelphia Typothetae. He relinquishes his Philadelphia position to assume the. national secretaryship, and will bring to that office the benefit of long and successful experience in printers’ organizations. Of the new National Executive Committee, A. R. Barnes, the Chicago member, is president of the Chicago Typothetae, and the head of the printing firm of A. R. Barnes & Co. ; I. H. Blanchard, the New York member, is the head of the firm of I. H. Blanchard & Co., and a recognized authority on the cost of printing; John E. Burke, of Norfolk, Virginia, has been an energetic Typothetae member for many years ; J. Stearns Cushing, of Boston, is also an old war-horse in United Typothetae affairs ; E. S. Hart, the St. Louis member, is presi¬ dent of the St. Louis Typothetae, and the president of R. P. Studley & Co., a printing concern of considerable magnitude; Franklin Hudson, the Kansas City member, is no tyro in Typothetae work, and is the guiding hand of the Hudson-Kim- berley Company; Wilson H. Lee, of New Haven, the New England member, is a successful master printer of the New England city ; C. W. Lloyd, of Detroit ; O. W. Miller, of Minneapolis, and F. C. Nunemacher, of Louisville, are new members of the committee, but are at the head of large print¬ ing houses in their home cities, and will prove active and useful members ; Harry P. Pears, of Pittsburg, and Edward Stern, of Philadelphia, are both past presidents of the United Typothetae, and were never found wanting when hard work had to be done in the interest of the organization. SOCIAL AND OTHER FEATURES. The prearranged social side of the convention was con¬ fined to Tuesday afternoon and evening, when the delegates and their ladies were the guests of the St. Louis Typothetae 712 THE INLAND PRINTER and the Messrs. Schraubstadter, of the Inland Type Foundry. Immediately after the adjournment Tuesday afternoon every¬ body repaired to the roof of the Inland foundry, where a splendid luncheon was spread under a canvas-covered roof. Between eating and drinking the good things that were pro¬ vided and inspecting the various departments of the type- foundry, an enjoyable two hours was passed. From the Inland foundry roof garden the delegates and their ladies were taken in automobiles by the St. Louis Typothetse through beautiful boulevards and drives and through Forest Park to the World’s Fair grounds. The automobiles, carrying more than five hundred people, made a circuit of the Exposition, viewing the buildings, and winding up at the entrance to the Tyrolean village, where the automobiles were emptied and their happy human freight ushered within the gates of the most attractive feature of the Exposition. After a half-hour’s wait delegates and ladies sat down to a royal banquet in. the rathskeller of the Alps, where for two hours things good to eat and things good to drink were served. At the clqse of the banquet launches were boarded for a trip through, the gaily lighted lagoons of the Fair, and after that the Pike — and thus closed the social features of the eighteenth annual convention. NOTES. Philip Ruxton’s royal red cocktails were carried home by every delegate — and they were worth it. If everybody got as much fun out of the convention as C. O. Owen, of Chicago, nobody has any reason to kick. What would a United Typothetse convention be ’ the supply men? And how the supply men do ru: accounts at United Typothetse conventions. When Treasurer Donnelley installed his own typei in his Chicago printing plant, Carl Schraubstadter bet him a dinner for a party of Mr. Donnelley’s selection that he would not be casting his own type for. two years. Mr. Donnelley is still running the foundry, and he called on Mr. Schraub¬ stadter to pay the wager during the convention. “ Carl,” as he is known to the trade, paid the bet by entertaining Mr. nelley and a number of his delegate friends at the Met Club the evening of Thursday, June 23. TYPOTHETjE notes. The ordinance passed by the Louisville City requiring the union label on all city printing has been d unconstitutional and the city has been restrained from enfor¬ cing the measure. Newark (N. J.) Typographical Union has notified the employing printers of that city that a change of scale and a shorter work-day will be insisted on after September 1 next. The union asked for a conference with the employers, which was refused. Twelve of the leading employing printers of Newark have signed an agreement not to entertain any propo¬ sition for shortening the work-day or for increasing the wages of compositors or other employes. The Louisville Typographical Union has called off the strike of printers which lasted for thirteen weeks. Union members are permitted to work in any shop where the scale of $18 a week is paid. When the strike was called every large job office in Louisville was closed. Now these same shops are conducted on an open-shop basis. The eight-hour day, which was a part of the demands made by the union, was virtually abandoned by the strikers early in the fight. The New York Master Printers’ Association has elected the following officers : President, Martin J. Pendergast ; vice- president, Lewis J. Herrington; secretary, Putnam Drew; treasurer, L. Schwebke; Executive Committee — A. Giraldi, chairman; J. C. Aste, W. F. Bartley, A. Langstadter, William Kiesling, Edward Klundt. Law Committee — C. E. Francis, Putnam Drew, Samuel Wasserman. - The annual dinner of the association was given at the Continental hotel the evening of June 16. Workmen in every branch of the printing and allied trades are requested to file their names, addresses and qualifications on THE INLAND PRINTER’S list of available employes. Reg¬ istration fee, $1. Name remains on list and is sent to all inquirers for three months; privilege of renewal without further charge. Employers are invited to call upon us for competent help for any department. List furnished free. Spec- art c satis “d Si- csr $£ A rnmmmmMm Logic or Custom? — This comes from W. L. H., Harris¬ burg, Pennsylvania : “ In the May number of The Inland^ Printer, in the obituary notice of Robert White, I read the- following : ‘ He leaves a widow, and a son eighteen years old, to mourn his loss.’ Is the word ‘his’ correct? Should it not have been ‘ their/ and read ‘ to mourn their loss ’ ? It seems to me that the widow and son are the losers, and not the deceased husband and father.” Answer.— According to- custom, the expression is correct. Logically, the sentence might be more directly expressive of the fact if it said they “ mourn their loss of him,” if universal use of the other form had not removed any possibility of misunderstanding. Every¬ body reads “ mourn his loss ” as meaning the loss of him. THE INLAND PRINTER 713 and other analogous use of the possessive form makes it truly accord with the grammar of the language. Thus, if we lose money, we speak of the hardship resulting from its loss; when friends desert, we call it their loss, meaning a loss to the one they left. Having a Leg Broken. — L. H., San Francisco, writes : “A newspaper says that ‘John Jones had his leg broken.’ Why did Jones have his leg broken? Does, the sentence mean that it was Jones’s desire to have it broken?” Answer. — Such questions are suggested by the construction of the sentence, which is inelegant, but quite common colloquially. If the sentence really meant that Jones desired and procured the breaking, it would be an accurate expression. But nearly always the meaning of such a saying would be simply that the leg was broken, and it would be better to use the correct words. Authorities need not be cited in such a case, for they all agree in the de¬ cision here given. It is a construction that careful speakers gen¬ erally avoid, for it is of a kind that is classed as ignorant- ism. One would not be likely to find much of such use of the verb “ to have ” in writing at all worthy of criticism. The real meaning can always be correctly expressed without any appear¬ ance of affectation, and always will be by a person who has made correct expres¬ sion a habit. In pro¬ ducing printed mat¬ ter, the decision should be left to the writer or editor ; that is, no change should be made without his consent. A Verb Questioned. — A. M. F., Crowley, Louisiana, writes : “ In examining a book entitled ‘ Correct English,’ I note the following : ‘ A handsome bound volume of “ Cor¬ rect English” will be given to each of the first five persons that give the correct,’ etc. Is the word ‘ give ’ used correctly ? It would seem to me that ‘ person ’ is understood as being the antecedent of ‘that,’ and that the verb should be ‘gives.’ Am I correct?” Answer. — The sentence is right as in the book. Probably no person who could not write so simple an assertion correctly would ever think of making such a book. Its writer used the pronoun “ that ” where our preceding sen¬ tence has “who,” but that is a matter simply of personal preference or mere instinct. Both are right. As to the verb used, the sense expressed is patently simple — that five per¬ sons give correct, etc., and each of the five will receive a book. Why should an antecedent be understood when one is given? In analyzing sentences — if one must analyze every sentence he reads — it is advisable to examine the relationships of the words used, before deciding that some word not used must be understood. Typographic Form. — O. P. R., Chicago, asks: “ (i) In words such as co-operation, co-ordination, re-elect, etc., when the hyphen is omitted, which is the more proper — -a letter with two dots over it or a letter with an accent mark to show the sound, and why? (2) If a part of a sentence, in roman, is inclosed in parentheses, and the last word of such inclosure is italic, should the last parenthesis be italic or roman? If a semicolon or quotation-marks follow an italic word, the preceding part of the sentence being in roman, should they be italic or roman, and why? To my idea they have no relation to the italic word.” Answer — (1) Of the three forms for- the words under inquiry, the use of the dotted letter is most common. Nqne of them is absolutely more proper than the others. Use of the dots is the choice of him who writes the- answer, though the accent would answer the purpose quite as well. The writer does not remember having seen any use- of an accent in such words, and the hyphen is not commonly approved. In the Standard Dictionary all marking is rejected,., the words appearing as cooperate, reelect, etc. Such “ simplifi¬ cation ” — that is . what it was called by the makers — does- not seem reasonable. It is not peculiar to the Standard, how¬ ever; it is often seen in British prints. (2) The last paren¬ thesis should be ro¬ man, because italic- parentheses are ugly, sprawly things that may well be used as. little as possible. In*. “Correct Composi¬ tion,” on page 107, Theodore L. De~ Vinne says : “ In book- work, italic parenthe¬ ses should not be used” for inclosing words in. italic. Distinction is- sought for the words,, not for the points. In displayed jobworkr italic parentheses may be used.” A semi¬ colon, a colon, or an. exclamation or inter¬ rogation mark fol¬ lowing an italic word should be italic, be¬ cause its sloping like- the letters with which it is used makes an agreeable uniformity of appearance. It has no relationship in meaning to the italic word, and some- printers use roman, for this reason. If any one can find, italic quotation-marks, let ’em be used, by all means. Variety is the spice of life. A Master Printer on Proofreading. — Mr. Theodore L. De Vinne, in “ Correct Composition,” devotes to proofreading; a chapter well worth studious reading. Here is some of it: “When the reader meets with an unmistakable fault made by the writer through lapse of memory or by negligence, he- should correct it. He does so, however, at some peril. He must know and not suspect it to be an error, and must be- prepared to defend his correction, not by his own belief, but by unquestionable authority. Whenever he feels obliged to- query a change in spelling or in statement, he must note this change on 'the author’s proof. In every writing of importance- the .reader should query faulty construction, bad metaphor, inconsistent statement, the misuse of a word, and other errors- of similar character; but in no case should he correct these- apparent faults when the author will revise what he has read; he must stop with the query. . . . When copy has been negligently written by an undisciplined writer who can notr revise the reading, the reader should correct the grosser- errors according to the standard of the editor or of the office, he may be directed. But they must be indefensible errors. Bad spelling or grammar obviously made through ignorance- or carelessness must always be corrected, but this license will not apply to dialect, or to quotations intended to be literally- exact. Strange proper names, of places or people, of history- 714 THE INLAND PRINTER or fiction, should be verified by reference to the office dic¬ tionary. [But this demand can be met comparatively seldom, because books of reference are not provided.] The reader is always adjudged in fault if he passes any misspelled word that can be rightly spelled. The same observation will apply ito quotations from the Bible, hackneyed proverbs, phrases in foreign languages, and any of the scientific words of dic¬ tionaries. ... “ The proofreader is asked to serve two masters. His .employer rightfully asks for a fair day’s work as well as exact reading, for it is the printer more than the author who is held responsible by the book reviewer for the book’s faults of typographic style, and sometimes for its inconsistencies of Photo by F. C. White. Patented July s, 1904. statement. But there are fastidious authors who insist upon the strictest adherence to their imperfect copy, and refuse to consider queries made in their own interest. [The readers should make them, however.] . . . There are other authors who ask, as a matter of right, that the proofreader verify proper names, dates, and all unusual words, and that "he maintain consistency of statement as well as of style. Some go so far as to ask for the verification of all quotations from standard text-books. They hold that it is the duty of the proofreader to correct all errors. . . . Every printer who desires to preserve a reputation for accuracy will be generous in his allowance of time for a careful reading, but he has to keep the reading within a limit of cost. How much or how little time can be allowed for the verification of state¬ ments must be determined by each house for itself. The cost of searches is never considered in any estimate of composition, .and must be an added expense. When the publisher consents to pay for the extra work, the reader should try to verify all proper names, dates, and foreign words by consulting authorities.” For the short time that I have been a reader of The Inland Printer, I can say that I enjoy it very much, and I refer to the paper as authority in my work in the office. — Claude A. Reed, Chico, California. Written for The Inland Printer. LONDON NOTES. BY OUR SPECIAL CORRESPONDENT. NOTHING has perhaps done so much to bring together newspaper proprietors in the United Kingdom as the introduction of the Linotype machine, for since its use has become so universal in newspaper offices, the proprietors have banded themselves together in a union called the Lino¬ type Users’ Association. This is a very live and also a very lively body, the members of which hail from all parts of Great Britain, but although ostensibly banded together for the purpose of controlling the rules that should regulate the working of Linotypes in their offices, yet the manner in which they are brought in contact in the meetings is productive of much good will and harmony in other ways. At the annual meeting the other day a very satisfactory balance sheet was shown, and the report of the committee referred to the many matters they were called upon to deal with during the past year, one important thing being the forming of a new piece scale; and the action taken by the association in being repre¬ sented at conferences at different centers where differences of opinions had arisen between employers and employed. In these latter cases the association was generally represented by the president and secretary. After the business meeting, the members lunch together at the expense of Linotype & Machinery, Ltd., the chair being taken by a prominent officer of that firm, Mr. A. Hungerford Pollen, who, in proposing the success of the association, gave a resume of its work during the year, and Mr. Whitaker, in response, said the association felt deeply indebted to Linotype & Machinery, Ltd., for the energy and ability with which its business had been conducted. He doubted very much whether a revolution had ever been effected so rapidly and so successfully as had been done by that company. When the Linotypes were first introduced prob¬ ably a doubt was entertained as to their soon becoming obso¬ lete or of other machines supplanting them. But they had to congratulate the company in having brought the appliance to the state of perfection they had. He considered the Linotype almost perfection. They did not know what the future had in store, but if one stood only for a few minutes and surveyed the machine in operation, they had to feel that it was a most marvelous piece of mechanism, doing work in a most creditable manner, and if properly attended to every week the upkeep was very little at the end of the year. They hoped the com¬ pany would have more success, and that they would share with the users some of the profits they made. The proceedings at the lunch were enlivened by a French¬ man, M. Rene Oberthur, of the firm of Messrs. Oberthur Fils, of Rennes. His house, he said, was engaged largely on government work, printing a great deal of statistical matter. It published no newspaper and yet it employed ten Linotypes. The story of their introduction to his works was worth telling. One day he was rung up on the telephone from Paris and asked to buy Linotypes. He had heard of the machines before, but believed that they stood in the same relation to hand com¬ position as margarine does to butter. However, to see for himself what the machine really was he paid a visit to the works at Broadheath and was so struck by all he saw that he at once began his installation of ten Linotype machines. This was the outcome of a five-minutes’ conversation on the telephone. He had never had any reason to regret the step, nor have his employes, for, so far from having brought about a diminution in their total number, as they feared at the time, he now employs, in all departments, a considerably larger number than he did formerly. Toast and sentiment were the order of the day and it was very evident that the members enjoyed themselves thoroughly. An old and respected member of the printing trade in Lon¬ don has just passed away in Mr. Joseph Pardoe, who was for very many years the machine manager at Messrs. Bradbury, THE INLAND PRINTER 715 Agnew’s printing house in Bouverie street, the well-known printers of Punch. Mr. Pardoe’s connection with that firm dated as far back as 1848, and when in its early days Punch began to increase in circulation, the then-existing machines were unable to cope with the numbers required, “ Old Joe ” as he was familiarly termed, set his inventive faculties to work and he devised the “ Whitefriars ” rotary machine, which pro¬ duced the periodical at about five times the speed hitherto attained. This invention was made by him in 1872, at a period when rotary machines were practically in their infancy. Mr. Pardoe was fortunate enough to become acquainted with the late Mr. Davis, a clever engineer who had small works in Kennington Lane, and, forming a partnership, these gentlemen type, it is always being born again, only to die a natural death from inanition. The Federation of the Master Printers and Allied Trades of the United Kingdom and Ireland, which is a title suffi¬ ciently heavy to sink an ironclad, was held at Belfast this year, the first day being spent in sightseeing by the more frivolously disposed, while others visited some of the many printing works for which the town of Belfast is noted. A day was devoted to the consideration of trade questions and particu¬ larly to the matter of cost of production, on which subject the federation has issued a small volume, embodying the experiences of the committee which was appointed to inquire into all matters appertaining to cost. This book, although “ BEDLAM.” Bethlehem Lunatic Asylum, London, better known as 11 Bedlam.” put the “ Whitefriars ” machine on the market and it imme¬ diately met with much success, and is still at work in many offices. Mr. Pardoe had retired from active work a few years ago; he was known to the entire trade by reason of his connection with the Printers’ Pension, Almshouse and Orphan Asylum Corporation, an institution for which he worked hard in obtaining funds, and he, in association with his friend the late Mr. Killingback, founded a pension for printers which bears their joint names. A great deal of fuss was made a few years ago by a com¬ pany which offered to printers a method of electrical inkless printing, for which much was claimed. The specimens of work turned out by this method were of a very poor char¬ acter and The Electric Inkless Syndicate, Ltd., after passing through some stormy times, finally came to grief, and now the following resolution has been passed by the shareholders : “That it has been proved to the satisfaction of this meeting that the syndicate can not, by reason of its liabilities, continue its business, and that it is advisable to wind up the same, and accordingly that the same be wound up voluntarily.” No doubt in a few years’ time something of the same kind will be put before printers. Thirty years ago a similar method was introduced, in fact inkless printing seems to be like glass printed for private circulation among members of the fed¬ eration, may be had by any one connected with the trade who is interested in the matter, at a nominal price. Among the business transacted, a motion was adopted “ That the council be requested to continue to press upon the wholesale station¬ ers the importance of their supplying trade customers only.” Other motions that were agreed to were “ That the council be requested to press upon the Typographical Association the importance of settling the Monotype piece and stab scales and the apprenticeship question at as early a date as possible.” “That this meeting of the federation desire to protest against the custom of typefounders distributing specimen books to others than printers, thus causing great trouble and expense to the typefounders’ own customers.” The federation fixed the annual meeting for next year to be held in London. At one stage of the proceedings a mes¬ sage from the Printers’ Federation of America was read. The members formally accepted the greetings and reciprocated them. The Institute of Printers and Kindred Trades is an asso¬ ciation that exists for the discussion of trade matters, and for the promotion of social gatherings in the trade. The fourth annual dinner was held in London recently, at the Hotel 716 THE INLAND PRINTER Cecil, when the honorable H. L. W. Lawson presided over a large gathering. Each guest was presented with a handsome portfolio of specimens of printing by various methods, includ¬ ing half-tone, three-color, photogravure, steel engraving and etching. Several well-known men in the world of literature and art were present. There was a good deal of speechifying, all of which tended to the exaltation of the craft. In these days when the cry of “too old at forty” is so much heard, it is refreshing to know that in some establish¬ ments men are not turned away at that age. Possibly the London record in this matter of long service may be claimed by the establishment of Messrs. Eyre & Spottiswoode, the King’s printers ; taking the staff of management, compositors, readers, machine minders and pressmen only, 209 men have records of more than twenty years’ service. Of these, 131 men have records of thirty years, fifty-seven of more than forty years and twenty-two of more than fifty years. In addi¬ tion to these, several have retired on pensions after lengthy service; one compositor has actually occupied the same frame in the same room for fifty-nine years ! We have all heard of the Kilkenny cats, who fought till there was nothing left of each other but the tails. The town of Kilkenny was distinguished in another way the other day by the holding of an Irish trades-union congress, the most notable feature of which was that the members’ sentiments were in favor of “Ireland for the Irish,” protesting against the use in Ireland of books or printed matter produced in foreign countries, or even in the sister island of Great Britain. RICHMOND BRIDGE. On the Thames, London. The following is the wording of two of the resolutions passed by the congress : “ That, as the operation of the Merchandise Marks Act failed to safeguard the interests of native workers, employers and purchasers, in preventing the palming off as home manu¬ facture of letter-press, chromo and lithographic printing pro¬ duced on the continent, whereby large sums of money are annually lost both to the employers and workers in the print¬ ing trade of the United Kingdom, this congress is of opinion that each imported article printed in a foreign country should bear a permanent and legible imprint, stating the place of origin and manufacture, and that a penalty should be attached to the selling of any article in contravention thereof.” Another resolution affecting bookbinding was carried in the following terms : “ That this congress protests against the continued importation of all kinds of prayer books, relig¬ ious works and account books into this country by publishers, FAMOUS NEWGATE PRISON, LONDON. Recently torn down to make room for new Criminal Courthouse. booksellers and manufacturers; and we enter our emphatic protest against the practice as unwarrantable and unpatriotic in view of the growing national desire to resuscitate and develop our fast-decaying industries ; and we desire to direct the attention of clergymen, authors, authoresses, public bodies, shopkeepers and others who have the, interest of Iceland at heart, 'to 1 use their powerful interest , to stay The ’ffood of importation, so. disastrous to the national and industrial life of the country. Furthermore, this congress considers the amendment of . the Merchandise Marks Act vitally .essential to prevent matter bound in foreign countries being foisted' upon the consumer as home manufacture, to the detriment, both of employers and employed in the bookbinding trade.. And that we call upon all public bodies, heads of religious houses, schools, colleges, manufacturers and booksellers in Ire¬ land, to insist that all bookbinding supplied to them is executed’ under fair labor conditions.” At the time of writing the waysgoose or beanfeast season- is in full swing and every Saturday sees batches of workmen from the various printing-offices enjoying themselves either in the country or by the seaside. Fortunately, so far the weather has been fairly good, in which it differs from that of the last two years, when nearly every Saturday was wet. On these outings the printers do enjoy themselves, throwing care to the winds and adopting as their motto “ Carpe diem.”' COURAGEOUS COMPOSITORS WANTED. It will be remembered that during the first month of the Russian-Japanese hostilities numerous news items emanated’ from the paper Novy Kray, at Port Arthur, and we have been wondering why nothing was to be heard of this paper- after the interesting bombardments by the Japanese had taken place. The Russian correspondent of the Berlin Buchdrucker- Woche now informs us that after the first bombardment all' employes of Novy Kray had hastily left their places in search for safer quarters, and the paper had to stop publication in¬ consequence until more courageous comps, are available. — German Exchange. A REGULAR VISITOR. From a printer’s standpoint The Inland Printer is cer¬ tainly unsurpassed, and its pages are perused with interest in this office, to which it is a regular visitor. — The Vernon News - Printing & Publishing Company, Vernon, British Columbia. THE INLAND PRINTER 717 Written for The Inland Printer. BERLIN NOTES. BY A SPECIAL CORRESPONDENT. The Berlin Stationers’ Union for months back has aroused public attention and expectations for a Jubilee Exhibition of the Paper Trade to be held from June 2 to 15, claiming that on this occasion some sort of a review would be given of the development of the stationery trade and all manufacturing -appliances invented during the last quarter of a century. I well remember the first exhibition of the paper and kin¬ dred trades of 1878, for on that occasion the first Golding Boston jobbers were shown to the German printers, who looked -at them as a miracle. It was then, in fact, that our printers for the first time began to realize that American inventors would some day become an important factor in our art preservative, -and undoubtedly that first exhibit of Golding presses marked the beginning of a new era for printerdom in our fatherland, for ever since the introduction and the subsequent general adoption of platen presses, job printing has been climbing upward in a degree never imagined before. Well, to put it short, the latest exhibition of 1904 was the most decided failure I have ever witnessed. Instead of a review, we saw a meager show of box-making, paper-cutting, book-stitching and gumming machinery which would have been inspected with more profit at any of the factories’ showrooms. Of printing-presses there were only two, and these not in running order ; a single platen press of a cheap pattern was all in that line. True, in a stationers’ exhibition you would not expect machinery which properly caters to the printer; but in view of the preceding announcements mentioned above the total absence of all modern appliances could not fail but be disappointing in the highest degree. There were two machines, however, which attracted univer¬ sal attention and met with ready appreciation : the Harris press and a fast-running lithographic press used to print envelope insides at a pace of five thousand per hour. The exhibitors were a large firm of envelope-makers in Berlin, who refused to give the name of the pressmaker; however, I have little doubt that this lithographic press was of Amer¬ ican origin, as well as the wonderful Harris press that turned out seven thousand two hundred printed envelopes per hour. I was told that this was not the highest speed, as this might be increased to ten thousand without any damage to the press ; but even as it was, this exhibit was most satisfactory and is sure to lead to many orders. Pity that printers were few and far between at the exhibition, for the meager show could not fail to become public pretty soon. There were some excellent specimens of chromolithograph, collotype and especially of aluminum printing, as well as some very good citochromes exhibited by some of our largest press- makers, but printers as a rule care less for specimen prints than for the machines themselves, and here I believe a great mistake is made by the American pressmakers. I have it on good authority that not one Miehle press is yet in use in the whole of Germany, possibly on the whole continent. Upon my inquiry after the cause, I was informed that German printers, when invited to order the Miehle, invariably wanted to see the machine they were expected to order, and thereupon they were told that they would be given an opportunity to see the machine at work in London. Well, the result is that they courteously decline to undertake a week’s trip in order to see a machine whose superiority could not be proven them in their own coun¬ try. The Miehle is merely an example; I know of several other machines and appliances which would undoubtedly find a ready sale over here, but for the notion of American manu¬ facturers that German printers ought to buy what they have no chance to see themselves. How would it strike American printers if they were expected to take a trip down to Mexico in order to inspect a machine which might or might not be of use to them? The comparison may strike you as exaggerated, for your readers know as well as myself that by fast train you may ride to London from Berlin in twenty-four hours ; but you must not forget that England is not Germany, and that German printers in the vast majority are not familiar enough with English to decide on a trip to the British metropolis as readily as they might go to a German port, however distant from their home. In view of this fact, I was somewhat surprised to learn from a British gentleman who called on me the other day that within a fortnight he had succeeded in booking six orders for British-made aluminum rotary presses without exhibiting his machine. Indeed, the first customer happened to be familiar with London and therefore had no objection to going there in order to see the machine at work, after which, being satisfied with the result, he placed his order. The agent now, with the order in his pocket, simply produced this order to other pros¬ pective customers, and the name of the first firm being avow¬ edly of high renown, he had little trouble in satisfying others of the merits of the machine in question. Photo by F. C. White. Patented July 5, 1904. This experience is exceptional, and I would not by any means suggest to American makers trying the same thing in their turn. For, first of all, the superiority of American work¬ manship and the solid construction must be seen to be fully appreciated. American machinery as a rule is quoted at con¬ siderably higher prices than that made over here; and it will be agreed that, even when patriotic sentiments play as little a role as they actually do with German printers as far as machinery is concerned, it is no wonder that they want to see why the American machines are entitled to a higher price. The best advice I can give to American firms looking for German trade is to exhibit at least some classes of their prod¬ ucts right here, if possible in running order, as this will best give an occasion to study them at ease and repeatedly. Then invite the printers of Germany and Austria to your exhibition, and you will find that they are willing and prepared to give you a fair chance. The metropolis of German book printing is Leipsic, while 718 THE INLAND PRINTER as to newspaper and job printing Berlin heads the field. So, in order to reach the proper parties at the very outset, machines for newspaper work had best be exhibited in Berlin first, while those more particularly designed for bookwork should be exhibited at Leipsic. 'In the latter city the Buchgewerbe- haus offers the best imaginable place for exhibiting purposes, as it contains a large exhibiting hall for that particular purpose at reasonable rates. I understand that the manager of the Buchgewerbehaus, Mr. Arthur Woernlein, who is also in charge of the German exhibit in the Liberal Arts Building at the St. Louis Purchase Exhibition, will be in St. Louis at the end of July, so interested parties may arrange with him right there. As a striking example of the soundness of my advice, I might cite the Lanston Monotype, which was exhibited at the Leipsic Buchgewerbehaus in May, and now, after only eight weeks’ exhibition, is credited with fourteen bona fide orders for early delivery. That the orders have not been executed yet is attributed to the Monotype Company’s oversight in not having prepared a sufficient supply of German-face matrices. Punchcutting being a rather complicated affair, even with the help of Benton-Waldo cutting machines — for designing and drawing, as well as patternmaking, being essential, too — Ger- Photo by F. C. White. Patented July 5, 1904. man printers have to use their patience before they have the full benefit of the Monotype’s capabilities. If I were asked what kind of American printer’s machinery would have the best chances in the German market just now, I would say sheetfeeding apparatuses for flat-bed printing- presses, flat-bed web perfecting presses suited for papers of limited circulation, and aluminum rotary presses. We have all of them here, sure, but there is little doubt but that a com¬ parison with machines of American make would result in profitable business. The Inland Printer is eagerly scanned on its arrival every month, and I have received many valuable suggestions from its interesting columns. — Walter Black, Windsor, Ontario. COLOR IN THE GRAPHIC ARTS.* THIRTEENTH PAPER. HE most important of the green metallic colors used in printing is chrome green. There are different varieties, whose composition varies, but all are valued for their vivid¬ ness of tint and their great — ■ if not always equal — perma¬ nence and power of resistance. The purest and most valuable chrome green is the pure oxide of chromium, obtained by heating chromate of mer¬ cury or chromate of ammonia. But this manner of produc¬ tion is too expensive to be of any practical use, and Guignet’s process is employed, in which potassium bichromate is melted together with boric acid at a red heat, the molten mass- lixiviated with water, and the residue pulverized. The color thus obtained is called Guignet’s green, and is remarkably delicate, though brilliant and very opaque. It is fast to light and air and can be mixed with any other colors ; it is, how¬ ever, very expensive, and is therefore only used for special purposes. The substitution of borax or other cheaper salts for the somewhat expensive boric acid is not permissible, all attempts (except with the addition of arsenic) having shown that the shade suffers thereby; it gains in brilliancy, on the other hand, in proportion to the excess of boric acid. Hydrate of chromium comes upon the market under the names of Mittler’s green, emerald green, Pannetier’s, Plessy’s- and Schnitzer green ; it may be pure or combined with phos¬ phoric or arsenic acid. These two varieties of chrome green — ; chromic oxid and’ chromic hydrate — are almost absolutely permanent, and on this account are principally used in printing valuable papers, such as banknotes. They are included in the general name of vert solide. The material is extraordinarily hard and diffi¬ cult to pulverize, but the prepared color has excellent printing: qualities. The pure chromic oxid greens can be distinguished from those of different and complex compositions by their property of remaining unchanged when heated with an alka¬ line liquor, or lye, while the latter turn brown. The pure chromic oxids can be melted into a vitreous flux, which takes on a color similar to that of the emerald, whence the name- emerald green. The colors, in general, which we have from the manu¬ factories of our industry under the names of chrome green,. Milori green, green cinnabar, etc., contain chromium, indeed, but not pure. They are mixtures of chrome yellow — chro¬ mate of lead — with Milori blue. As the proportions of the two constituents can be varied at will, the shades obtained are, of course, very numerous. To produce the dark sorts, called Russian green, indigo and lampblack are mixed in. Milori green and silk green are the brighter and better sorts, con¬ sisting almost exclusively of chemically pure chrome yellow mixed with Milori blue. The varieties of medium and poorer quality are called simply chrome green, and gypsum, alumina, heavy spar and kaolin are often mixed with them for cheap¬ ness’ sake. To obtain pure green shades from these mixtures- it is necessary to employ perfectly pure, light sulphur-yellow. Darker yellows would give the color a brownish tinge. Dark chrome yellows with Milori blue give shades which approach olive green. The mixture is made very carefully by stirring together the two colors, suspended in water, or by grinding in wet-mills. All these mixed chrome greens are varnish-proof and have the reputation of being fast to light and air, which is not, however, actually the case. In direct sunlight the green loses its depth of color and fades somewhat, a property which is explained by the conduct of Milori blue (Berlin blue). In air containing hydrogen sulphid gases the color becomes darker and duller, a consequence again of the presence of lead. Pure Milori and chrome greens, if heated with soda lye. * Translated from Allgem. Anzeiger filr Druckereien for The Inland- Printer. THE INLAND PRINTER 719' leave a flaky brown precipitate, which, after being freed from the dissolving liquid, is easily soluble in hydrochloric acid. If this treatment does not give a clear solution, it is a sign that some one of the weighting materials above mentioned is present. Among other green inorganic colors we will mention zinc green, which is a mixture of zinc yellow and Milori blue, producible in’ great purity, and Naples green, in which Naples yellow and Milori blue are combined. The light ochers can also be employed, and in all cases the choice of shades is naturally unlimited. Other metallic and mineral greens have at the present day no place beside chrome colors, since chrome most eminently fulfils all demands made by the graphic industries upon their colors. In regard to green lakes, we are provided with’ a rich assortment, from palest yellowish green to dark blue-green, and it is not necessary here to resort to mix¬ tures of blue and yel¬ low. The names viridin, malachite green, sea green, light green, night green and Victoria green lake are familiar to every printer. And tjhough the products of different manu¬ facturers bearing the same names are for the most part at least approximately similar, yet we know that the designations of lakes are purely conven¬ tional and are at the pleasure of every manufacturer, and it would be purposeless to enter into a more detailed description of the crude materials or of the methods of manufacture. Some of the green lakes are very brilliant ; a few will take varnish and are comparatively fast. Here closes the consideration of the bright colors, and it only remains for us to give some attention to the color — using the word here in a practical, not a physical sense — whose use, in point of quantity, far exceeds that of all others taken together, namely, the black color commonly called printer’s ink. A clever man has said that printer’s ink and soap share the characteristic of being a gauge of the culture of a country. This is not saying that the benefits brought to reading humanity by printer’s ink are necessarily and always the expression of the highest culture; the ink is as patient as the paper with which it is so intimately united. The material which gives the black printing color is lamp¬ black, or soot. This is, in a greater or less degree, pure carbon. Of all colors the most important and extensively used, it is at the same time the most ideal for graphic pur¬ poses which can be imagined. Lampblack is fast to light and air, and proof against all influences — aside from actual destruction — to which printed matter can be exposed. It is varnish-proof, and, being amorphous, has the qualities of ful¬ ness and opacity in the highest degree. It mixes thoroughly with varnish without dissolving, is easily ground, prints readily and has no effect upon the varnish upon any other colors of whatever nature which may be mixed with it, upon the paper, or upon types or forms of any material. Lampblack is manufactured in different qualities. In gen¬ eral it can be classified as common, medium and fine, the latter being manufactured from gas. As simple as the production of ordinary lampblack may appear — and this is simple only in appearance — the prepara¬ tion of the finest varieties is extremely complicated and expensive. Lampblack, or soot, is, as has been said, pure carbon; and it is evident that the materials for its production are those which contain the greatest possible amount of carbon in an easily separable form. This is the case with organic sub¬ stances of all kinds, and especially with those which consist exclusively or essentially of carbon and hydrogen, such as fats, resins and oils of animal and vegetable origin, and these are to an almost exclusive extent the starting point in the manufacture of lampblack. Our domestic and industrial fires generate a vast amount of soot, often more than is desirable for many reasons. But this product can not be utilized for coloring purposes, as it not only contains ashes and fine particles of coal, but is also sat¬ urated with combus¬ tible oils and gases. Such a material is naturally useless for graphic purposes. It is required of lamp¬ black that it shall be dry and odorless,, charged neither with water nor combus¬ tible matter, and free from the slightest trace of any foreign substance, such, as ashes or sand. It must not cohere in a ball when pressed to¬ gether in the hand, but the single parti¬ cles must fall lightly soot, often more than is desirable for many reasons. But this To test lampblack for the presence of combustible matter, or empyreuma, a somewhat compressed sample is heated in a large and long test-tube. The empyreuma is distilled by the action of the heat, cooled again on the sides of the tube, and deposited there in dark, oily drops, or as a ring of grease. Another test is to make a little heap of the lampblack upon filter-paper, and pour benzin over it. The benzin will dis¬ solve the empyreumatic constituents, and soak into the paper, which, after the evaporation of the benzin, will be yellow where the liquid touched it. Before we enter upon the details of the manufacture of the different varieties of lampblack, let us observe its chemical properties, which are especially interesting. It is coal, or more strictly speaking, carbon — thus what chemistry calls an element. Carbon is indeed one of the most widely distributed elements. It occurs very extensively in the form of carbonic acid, partly free in the air or issuing from volcanic ground or mineral springs, and partly in combination with minerals, in the form of chalk, dolomite, etc. ; also combined with hydrogen, in liquid or solid form, as asphalt, ozokerite, petroleum, bitumen, etc. ; and, finally, in the enormous deposits of peat, bituminous coal and anthracite, the fossil remains of prehistoric nature. Graphite and the diamond are pure carbon, anthracite almost a pure form. In addition to the above-mentioned natural occurrence of carbon, methods of separating it from its organic compounds were early discovered. It has been obtained for various uses 720 THE INLAND PRINTER from animal and vegetable substances — blood, bones, wood, grapeskins — by a process of heating which brings about partial decomposition. Carbon is artificially produced by heating, as we have just said; we burn the carbonaceous substance; Combustion is, -as we know, a chemical action; it is rapid oxidation, that is, -combination of the substance with oxygen, accompanied by the phenomenon of fire. If the substance oxidized is not volatile, or its constituents are not made so by the heat, there is only a glow. Charcoal and some metals burn in this way -even in pure oxygen; but illuminating gas, oil, sulphur, bitu- minouscoal and ozokerite burn with flame, because they are -either themselves volatile or evolve products which are so. A flame, that is, a burning substance, may be luminous or non-luminous. If oxygen is mixed so intimately and abun¬ dantly with the substance that there is more than enough for perfect combustion, oxidation takes place very rapidly and '■there is no light to the flame. But if, on the other hand, oxy- .gen must be drawn in from the air to sup¬ port and complete -combustion, the proc¬ ess goes on more slowly, and there will be a short period be¬ tween beginning and ■end when the particles ■of the burning body are at white heat, causing illumination of the flame. If this theory, proposed by Davy, is correct, sub¬ stances in a glowing ■state, not yet entirely consumed, must be obtainable by sudden cooling, thus being made impervious to the action of oxygen. As a matter of fact, this can be proved in the simplest way by holding some •cold object in the luminous flame. A plate held in the flame ■of a candle will be coated with soot, or, more accurately speaking, with carbon, kept back from complete oxidation by the sudden cooling. If the plate is kept in the flame until it has reached the temperature of the latter, the deposit of soot will no longer appear, provided that free access is given to the oxygen of the air. In this experiment lies the theory ■of the manufacture of lampblack; we obtain it by subjecting ■carbonaceous substances to partial oxidation, or combustion. The final product of perfect oxidation- of carbon is carbonic acid, the familiar colorless, odorless and tasteless gas ; and in the manufacture of lampblack we have to guard against the development of this gas in large quantities. CAN NOT AFFORD TO MISS ONE NUMBER. I have been getting The Inland Printer from a news- agency, but they skipped one or two numbers, and as I can not afford to miss even one number, I inclose my subscrip¬ tion. — H. C. May, foreman , Star Printing Company, Monroe, Louisiana. THE CHASE. Aspirant — “I wish to pursue a literary career.” Editor — “Well, do. If you ever catch up with it, drop in and let me know.” DO HENS “SET” OR “SIT.” Country doctors may not know everything, particularly in the estimation of urban specialists, but what they do know about a vast number of things, being usually based on experi¬ ence and common sense, is very apt to be useful. Therefore, we are not at all surprised to have received from a medicine man up in New Milford, Connecticut, whom we will call Doctor Wrong because he did not want his nariie used, and “Wrong” is just as far from his true name as it would be possible to get, a most illuminating letter on the vexed ques¬ tion whether hens “ sit ” or “ set ” — a letter vastly better than anything recently written on the matter by amateur philologists, including ourselves. Doctor Wrong begins his defense of “setting” hens by calling attention to the fact that the sun and other celestial bodies are allowed to “set” as often as they choose, without complaint from anybody, and he thinks that this is justification for setting hens to do the same, on the author¬ ity, as he. explains, “ of common usage among those inter¬ ested in the subject.” There is something in that, perhaps, but not much, in our opin¬ ion, and the doctor does much better with his case when he says : “ Another rea¬ son for the use of ‘ set ’ in talking about hens is that it is a necessary word, with¬ out a synonym. A ‘setting hen’ on an empty nest or one containing only arti¬ ficial or sterile eggs is not ‘incubating’ any¬ thing, but she is ‘set¬ ting’ for all that. ‘ Sitting ’ expresses an idea altogether differ¬ ent. All fowls, without distinction of sex or age, sit occasion¬ ally — in the dust on a hot day, for instance — but only adult females ever ‘ set.’ Moreover, a hen is ‘ setting ’ whether, at a given moment, she is on her nest or walking about in search of something to eat. I have seen three hens ‘sitting’ in one nest, and only one of them was ‘ setting,’ the other two having gone there to lay. How can I express this idea without using the word forbidden by the purists?” That, now, is a-good letter, written from large knowledge of its subject, and based, too, on accurate theories of language. It doesn’t convince us, indeed, that we should fall in with rustic usage, but it nearly, if not quite, persuades us that the word sharps are all wrong in their condemnation of “ setting ” as applied to hens. It would be far from the first or the thousandth time that they have corrected what Mr. Bryan calls the “common people” when the latter were right, but, until the experts and the eminent ones who follow — or precede — the experts realize their error and reform, the rest of us must humbly submit. — New York Times. NEARER ITS REAL WORTH. Kindly extend my subscription to The Inland Printer for another year from the date of expiration. Could not get along without it, and will therefore register my remittance before the price advances to $3 per year — which I will admit is nearer its real worth. — Don F. Cochrane, the Hartford Day Spring, Hartford, Connecticut. THE INLAND PRINTER 721 ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT OF THE GOVERN¬ MENT PRINTING-OFFICE. HE Electrical World and Engineer contains an interest¬ ing article on the subject of the electrical equipment of^ the machinery in the Government Printing-office, from which the following excerpts are taken : Not only with respect to external dimensions and floor space, but in regard also to number of employes and extent of output, the Government Printing-office at Washington, D. C., is fully entitled to claim the distinction of being the largest printing-office in the world. The American love of mere big¬ ness is gratified in every figure that one can cite about it, while in equal degree the American passion for doing every¬ thing by machinery and mechanical appliances is manifested article, so that the interior spaces of the vast area get their share of outside light. All told, there is not less than eight acres of floor space, and of this six acres is available for actual working purposes. The interior court is 30 feet wide and 167 feet long, and the power-house at the northwest corner com¬ pletes the rectangle. The framework is of steel, over twelve million pounds' having been employed, and the stories all 16 feet apart from floor to floor, with an approximate distance of 12 feet from center to center of the window spaces. The iron and steel structural work is covered chiefly with fire brick, and the substratum of all the floors is brick and concrete. The, main entrance on North Capitol street is of richly ornamental character in gold, tile, mosaic and marble panelings and stair¬ ways, with a pedestal at the main stair flight to be occupied in all probability by a heroic bust of Franklin. It is at this NEW GOVERNMENT PRINTING-OFFICE. there in every respect save one, namely, the use of typesetting machines. Electricity has been called upon to discharge all the vital functions of light and power, as well as to furnish heat in novel and convenient manner. The display of the flex¬ ibility and resourcefulness of electricity in all parts of the plant is, indeed, a fascinating study. The work here done is done in such a way that he of all men whose heart it would most have rejoiced was at once this country’s typical printer and pioneer master electrician — Benjamin Franklin himself. Standing in a section of the city that is otherwise devoid of large buildings, the office looms up in dominating propor¬ tions that gain by the clear vistas, and its huge red pile is a notable landmark of the National Capital. Many of the public offices in Washington suggest by their exterior a bureaucratic nature and a devotion to clerical work; but whether by design or not, the printing-office wears a utilitarian air that well befits it without marring its quiet and unostentatious dignity of aspect. The building of red brick, with terra cotta and sand¬ stone trimming, has affront of 175 feet on North Capital street and a depth of 408 feet on G street, and has a height of seven stories, exclusive of deep basement and loft. It is nearly a hollow square, as shown by one of the floor plans in this 5-7 point that interior decoration is concentrated, and but a few steps away everything is sternly and severely strong, for use, not show. There are numerous wide halls and stairways throughout the building, all strictly fireproof, in steel, slate, etc., and there are over a dozen elevators which also afford means of entrance and exit for the 4,000 employes under Public Printer Palmer’s administration, as well as for the vast quan¬ tities of material handled. At the first glance the expenditure of $6,500,000 annually here on government printing may seem fabulous, but a brief analysis of the work done and stock carried by the office reveals conditions and capacity that attest the extraordinary practical importance of the plant as one of the elements of national dif¬ fusion of intelligence. When we find over four thousand employes, to say nothing of visitors and business callers, we appreciate the necessity for the eight electric passenger ele¬ vators, all of which could handle the whole crowd from the first to the top floor every twenty minutes. When we learn that the annual consumption of paper, for book printing alone, is 100,000 reams flat, and no, 000 reams in rolls; that 3,000,000 sheets of bristol and card board are used; that 1,700 reams of cover paper, 35,000 reams of writing paper, 1,700 722 THE INLAND PRINTER Congress there were printed 8,025 Senate bills and reso¬ lutions and 18,420 from the House, of which 1,384 became law, when at least one copy to be filed with the Secretary of State had to be printed by special motor- driven presses, on parchment. Every week the work of the office is augmented by the issuance from it of the patents just out of the United States Patent Office, and the weekly number of that Liebig’s extract of invention, the Patent Office Gazette. The printing-office has had at one time twenty tons of type and rulework standing for the United States Census Office ; while its ability to respond to calls for new editions, etc., is shown by its storage vaults under the sidewalks, with a capacity already pretty well occupied in the new building, for 2,000,000 electrotype plates, every one of which has been, or will be, made by the office’s own equipment. Facts of this kind could be piled one on the other, column after column, but the data now quoted will probably suffice to illustrate at once the scope and quantity of the work accomplished. The elevator plant consists of thirteen large machines, eight of which are for passenger service and five for freight service, and two form lifts, which are automatic push-button elevators for carrying forms of type between reams of typewriter paper, 4,700 reams of manila and tissue paper, and 10,000 reams of coated book paper are used up each year — then we grasp the utility of the five big freight elevators, all electric. One of these at the sidewalk, to carry paper from basement to first floor, will lift 6,000 pounds 100 feet a minute. Another of the freight elevators has a capacity of 10,000 pounds 150 feet a minute. The other three will each handle 5,000 pounds 350 feet a min¬ ute. It will be seen at once that the office in elevators alone has the capacity of a good-sized electric railway for pas¬ sengers and freight, and needs it all. Looked at from the other standpoint of output, and dis¬ regarding the other items of work within the office as a self-sufficient organism, it will be seen that the data are again extraordinary. A consumption of thirty to thirty- five tons of paper daily on the presses, all run by electric motors, tells the story in one way. The fact that 700,000 volumes of departmental reports are carried in store, ready for distribution, tells it in another, for each volume has to be composed, • proofread, printed, folded, bound, labeled and followed through to storage or to the proper deposi¬ tories and channels of distribution. Then there are such incidental items as the Congressional Record, with a daily circulation of 23,000, while Congress sits, a single issue having reached 192 pages. The edition hereafter will run much higher, but the last copy must be off the press to catch the morning mail trains around 5 :30 a.m. Such regular work is intensified by sudden demands for special printing required by Congress, to meet which all the resources of the office are strained and the electrical plant is driven to its limit. The issuance of the famous report on the blowing up of the Maine is an instance. Consisting of 298 pages of text, twenty-four full-page engravings, and one lithograph in colors, and the manu¬ script being received at 6:30 p.m. one day, a copy lay on every desk in the Senate and House next morning at 10 a.m. As to the, speeches of members of Congress printed in pamphlet form from the Record, they run into the tons and the millions. Moreover, there are other daily issues that must come out on time, hot from the press, as any “ yellow journal,” and even the United States Supreme Court has its daily with a select circu¬ lation of some three-score copies. Bills again use up a tremendous lot of paper and ink and electricity, for the passion to regulate everybody else by legislation never wanes, as is evidenced by the ghastly fact that in last VIEW IN COMPOSING-ROOM. THE INLAND PRINTER 723 the composing-room and the pressroom floors; .On the form lifts exact stops are made from a speed of 300 feet per minute by the automatic slowing device, which operates only at the landing for which the car is destined. At the same floor a signal lamp remains lighted and the car is held until the load is removed or put on and the door closed, when the car may be directed to any other floor. The cars are 4 feet by 6 feet 6 inches, so that a large chase can be handled quickly. The passenger cars have bronze cages and other parts are made to correspond in finish. Throughout the work is of the highest grade, and the operation of the cars is prompt and at the same time exceedingly smooth. Views are shown of the lighting in the proofreading and composing rooms, where there is a maze of drop lights on flexible cord supplementing the column fixtures. In the com¬ posing-room, over the type cases, Mr. Tapley has worked out and installed a simple but ingenious device, as shown in one of melters and some other devices. It is only when one sees such an equipment as has been devised for and brought together in the Government Printing-office that one grasps fully the idea of the extraordinary flexibility and utility of electric heating. Such heating may not yet take care of a big building, but in such special applications as these it can not be surpassed or equaled for efficiency and economy. The equipment of these electrically heated appliances in the office supplants gas and steam in all processes excepting the stereotype melting-pots, which are heated by gas. The Matrix-drying Tables. — These are employed for pre¬ paring the matrices used in printing the Congressional Record. The bed is supported upon a massive pedestal to which an apron is attached. The platen is controlled by a heavy double screw in yoke bolted to the pedestal. The bed and apron are heated, each having separate controllers. Great care was necessary to secure a uniform temperature over working surfaces. STEREOTYPING DEPARTMENT — FIRST ELECTRICALLY HEATED MATRIX PRESSES EVER MADE. the cuts, by means of which the possibility of breaking the cord or the lamp is reduced to a minimum. As will be seen, the lamp can be slid along a horizontal wire or rod which extends from end to end of the row of type cases, and even if he moves his position only an inch or two, the compositor can at once slide his lamp along the wire and it assumes and keeps the position in which he wants it without any further manipula¬ tion or attention. The handle by which the lamp and its shade are shifted about on the supporting wire can be seen over the various type cases. The uses of electric heat in the office fall broadly into two groups or classes. One of these embraces the foundry and includes matrix-drying tables, wax-stripping tables, wax-melt¬ ing kettles, case-warming cabinets, “ builders’-up ” tool heaters, case-warming table, wax-knife cutting-down machine, “ sweat¬ ing-on” machine, and soldering-iron heaters. The other class in the bindery includes embossing and stamping press heads, glue-heater equipments, glue cookers, casemaking machines, finishers’ tool heaters, book-cover shaping machines. This is a remarkable range, but in addition and outside these divisions we find the pamphlet-covering machines, the sealing-wax Wax-stripping Tables. — After the cases have been used to make electrotype shells, they are put upon the stripping tables which melt the wax. The wax is collected in a gutter, which empties into the wax kettles. A variable temperature within moderate limits is desirable according to the amount of work to be done. Wax-melting Kettles. — The wax is collected in these from the stripping table and freed from graphite and dirt, and fresh¬ ened and tempered. A pair of kettles are placed side by side and attached to a drip pan to facilitate this process. The drip pan is attached to the stripping table on one side and to a pouring table on the other side. The heaters are arranged to give equal temperatures to the walls of the kettles and to pre¬ vent scorching and unnecessary destruction of the volatile elements in wax. Case-warming Cabinet. — Before the cases are put under hydraulic presses, the wax is softened at a moderate tempera¬ ture so as to give accurate impressions. The warming cabinet is a chamber with racks in which a number of cases may be put to soften the wax. Electric heaters are so distributed as to give a uniformly diffused heat throughout the chamber. 724 THE INLAND PRINTER Case-warming Table. — In the case-warming cabinet the wax is softened equally throughout. The case-warming table is designed to heat the case on the upper surface only so as to secure a firmer backing. A heated plate is placed horizontally above the table upon which the cases rest with the wax films upward. The heating is effected by radiation from a uni¬ formly distributed energy surface. Wax-knife Cutting-doivn Machine. — After the cases have been under the hydraulic presses, the wax is uneven and ragged around the impressions. This machine has a movable bed upon which the case rests. It is then passed under a carefully heated knife, which removes all projections without defacement. This is an instructive example of the greater refinement in processes which has been made possible by electric heating. Builders’-up Tool Heaters. — Before the case is put in the electroplating bath, it is necessary to build up parts of the sur¬ face by melting wax to run upon different points. This is done by heated copper tools. These tools are heated upon hooded electric stoves provided with broad tool supports. Sweating-on Machine.- — In some classes of work, it is more desirable to mount electrotypes upon metal backs than upon boxwood blocks. Stereotype metal blocks of equal thickness are heated upon an electric plate with a film of solder and flux between the block and the electrotype. When the solder film is melted, the block is placed under a light press which cools it under pressure. An electrically heated plate makes, this process economically possible owing to equal temperatures over the whole surface, so that several electrotypes may be sweated on to their respective blocks at once. Soldering-iron Heaters. — To correct electrotypes and insert new letters, it is necessary to use light soldering irons heated very hot. Electric soldering irons with cords attached had been found unsuitable for this work. Soldering-iron heaters capable of running continually at a high temperature were then adopted. The heat is controlled by varying the voltage. The coppers are inserted in pockets to be heated, each heater having two pockets. Embossing and Stamping Press Heads. — Stamping and embossing require a variable, uniform temperature in the press heads to increase the production to a maximum. The heads have to be strong and the heaters uninjured by shock. Each press is equipped with a heated head and controller complete. Glue-heater Equipments. — The glue heaters are inserted flush in the benches. The water bath and glue pot arc remov¬ able. A cover is provided which leaves the bench smooth for stacking books to be bound when the water bath is taken out and the cover put on. A hook is arranged on the bottom of ROUTING MACHINE IN STEREOTYPING DEPARTMENT. the heater for alternately holding the cover and the water bath, and the glue pot. The heaters are of minimum heat capacity, and heat by conduction and convection in an insulated chamber. Glue Cookers. — • Glue can be prepared in large quantities in these cookers so that there is no need for the men to waste time waiting to make glue in small quantities. Large kettles are fitted steam tight in a chamber built according to low- pressure boiler specifications. The apparatus is supplied with water seal, gauge glass, blow-off valves, etc., complete. The heater is designed for maximum working surface so as to be rapid in operation. Casemaking Machines. — Book covers or cases are rapidly glued together in these machines. A large, shallow glue pan is heated by a water bath to which electric heaters are attached. These heaters are in sections for facility of control and tem¬ perature regulation. Book-cover Shaping Machine. — The book covers are rounded at the back by machine so as to be smooth and of SHAVING AND BEVELING MACHINES FOR CONGRESSIONAL RECORD AND SPEECHES. THE INLAND PRINTER 725 MOLDING-PRESS IN FOUNDRY. lems connected with the plant, is authority for the statement that it would require a good week to give but a few minutes to each of the constituent items which make the largest print¬ ing-office in the world such a remarkable example, also, of the successful application of electricity to the printing and graphic arts. Mr. Tapley has had to give more attention to press¬ driving than any other question, and his classic paper on the subject of the application of electric motors to running press machinery, presented before the electrical section of the Franklin Institute in 1890, still remains one of the best treatises available in regard to the economies and other advantages of the electric drive. Now, five years later, its wealth of detail and experience renders it of continuing value, and it might well be quoted here. Many of the arguments and ideas then advanced have become embodied in current practice and find exemplars in the enlarged and new plant under review. We may venture to quote from Mr. Tapley as follows : “ The advantage to be gained from changing over from belted, steam driving to individual electric motor for printing-press work is not alone in power saved, but better grade of work, less spoiled sheets, cleaner, healthier rooms for employes, less repairs to machinery, and most of all an increased product without a corresponding decrease in value of presses by run¬ ning at too high speed.” This, indeed, we might supplement uniform appearance. In rounding, as, for example, the backs, the glue has to be softened so that the case will retain its proper shape. As the rate of working is fast, a high temperature is necessary to secure the proper relation of heat to speed. Finishers' '-to d “ter ■ COSfIca0nRse?f2,o0ooranoSt machinist? w^ges propordon^teto ^bilRy! LINOTYPE MACHINIST, many ; references, union. G 29. ’3SL°P8$Si "r™ SS iu-^ssg^ss L™° SSl p^HSS2P£“i?V v Imitation Typewriting Ink Don’t print through cloth, don’t use ribbon-faced type, but use Little’s Ink, and ribbons to match, and print direct from the type as in ordinary printing. Purple Record and Blue Record Ink recommended. Send for samples of the work. A. P. LITTLE, Manufacturer, ROCHESTER, N. Y. ©fiftn'H New York City Philadelphia Pittsburg Cleveland London THE INLAND PRINTER 747 B3s?asaa§’ "’se^swaa-f raagss assrag g&gggSg&sl ™SS SE™S.Kaa«”=! G8S. gl=i;iggiggg;ig its? to print from rolls*! "g P ZSSaF^' — siifcklrSjIKST ANYBODY CAN MAKE OS? S ■p"TH&sJrS.ffi.‘g: MVESl.YhlNC^oRND a?iS.=JS,cC: 3 for 25 f gm? ^Igh^i^g^iy^sr^-g;: FoLdihSBox- ™SarSif a®?8' WlLSOtT?APERBoxMAGHINERYCo. Peerless Padding Glue Thch!:p«”d D,ylw- N*,er Sllckl" SPECIAL SINEW GLUE ,0iS2KSN PLATEN PRESSFEEDER RIESSNER’S IMPERIAL GOLD INK JVot made _for anything but “Plated and Coated StocK. Any printer using this class of paper can print BRIGHT GOLD and do away with the annoyance of bronzing. Something all printers want. WE HAVE IT ! i, T. RIESSNER tin cans. |4 5? GOLD St. , NEW YORK PRINTS BRIGHT GOLD (See Insert December, 1903) 748 THE INLAND PRINTER Let’s teH V you about it. Carbon Rapei the Vital Point in the manufat ture of Manifold Books. No matter how high in his pro- thcfproper carbtm^We^have^fuiriin^ofsamples'a^^ri^e folder which^vtf^l^sent to ■mil give satisfaction*."1— - on your or er ,_"e _ sen^ ^ e a ^ce ^ at Whitfield Carbon Paper Works 123 Liberty Street New York City fLIONEL MOSES^ IMPORTER 36 East Twenty-Second Street, New York ciid'e Imported "Papers Tilton PRINTERS BLOTTERS MARLATT’S LINOTYPE SCALE sSSsiilSiiSss 'HP - WSadfes ATTEND THE BISSELL COLLEGE Bissell College tf Photo Engraving PHOTO [ENGRAVING L - - - LINO LUBRICATION Dixon’s Special Graphite No. 635 JOSEPH DIXON CRUCIBLE CO., JERSEY CITY, N. J. “ ROUGHING IsIlsSS^flS-w™ THE HENRY O. SHEPARD CO. 120-130 SHERMAN STREET, CHICAGO Did you specify tl Durant Counter must be attached to the press you ordered? IT’S A GOOD SIGN When a DURANT COUNTER comes with SUMMER ROLLERS » VAN Bll I wHLEp CO.fefc CINCINNATI, OHIO. THE history of great inventions and improvements in printing machinery is simply the record of the demand for them. With the rapid growth of publica¬ tions of all kinds and enormous circulations there has always come the improved printing machinery to make it possible to handle the output easily and economically. The C . B. Cottrell & Sons Co. have aided the printer and held his confidence in these matters for nearly fifty years -WHAT A SPLENDID RECORD. -Dur¬ ing all this time thousands of Cottrell Presses shipped all over the World, have met every demand for increased production and superior press-work — FIFTY YEARS of press building-ETTTT YEARS of wisely watching what printers wanted and needed —FIFTY TEARS of inventive experience and skill have trained and qualified us as the leading Printing Press Manufac¬ turers in the World today. C. B. COTTRELL & SONS CO. NEW YORK WESTERLY CHICAGO 750 THE INLAND PRINTER “BUYING A PRESS” alu' H$fN Illustrated Brochure, having the above title, has been written for us by F. W. Thomas, Press Ex- pert, well known to readers of The Inland Printer. W\m litter is pustrh mt uthat hr bugs It tells a great deal about Platen Presses which every printer ought to know. It ex¬ plains WHY some presses do better printing than others, and WHY some turn out the finished product at LESS COST than others. It gives some interesting FACTS concerning wear of type and plates which will surprise many printers. Mr. Thomas has handled the subject in an original way, and the result is a Brochure of great practical value to any one interested in platen presswork or thinking of buying a press. Bartlett & Co. have executed the book, and it is well worth writing for and preserv¬ ing as a specimen of fine printing. lugtng A press" Any printer, publisher or pressman can obtain a copy of “Buying A Press” by applying to mill malre gmt A Hist Suypr JOHN THOMSON PRESS CO. 253 Broadway, NEW YORK CITY Or, to any of Our Branch Offices, Dealers and Agencies 1 76 Federal Street .... BOSTON 52 North 6th St., . PHILADELPHIA 46 W. Mitchell Street, . ATLANTA 337 Main Street, . . CINCINNATI 57 Shoe Lane, L 1 708 Fisher Bldg . CHICAGO 508 Clay Street, . SAN FRANCISCO 1 ■ TORONTO NDON, E. C. Factory - Colt's West Armory, HARTFORD PARTIES receiving the above Brochure who desire further technical or practical information concerning the selec¬ tion of a press are at liberty to write directly to the author, F. W. Thomas, P. O. Box 356, Toledo, Ohio. Illustrated Catalogue describing the various models and sizes of our presses, prices, terms, etc., can be obtained by writing direct to John Thomson Press Co., 253 Broadway, New York City, or any of the Branch Offices given above. THE INLAND PRINTER 751 The Accomplished Pressman nowadays must understand the mechanism and operation of Automatic Rotary Presses. These machines offer easier, pleasanter and more profitable employment than flat-bed presses. The history of HARRIS AUTOMATIC PRESSES abundantly proves this assertion. Extra proficiency in the operation of Harris Presses is bringing ^ood rewards to bright, up-to-date pressmen. No others are interested. The HARRIS AUTOMATIC PRESS CO. NILES, OHIO 752 THE INLAND PRINTER The Genesee Band Slitter Perfect Slitting Guaranteed. GIBBS-BROWER CO., Agents 150 NASSAU STREET, NEW YORK STRIPING ATTACHMENT to be run in connection with KIDDER ROTARY WRAPPING-PAPER PRESSES The Kidder Press Co. THE COMBINATION ROTARY WRAPPING-PAPER PRESS. 30 x 40 Prints in one, two or three colors. Product, rolls and sheets. 36 x 48 ■ ■■ USED BY . CONTINENTAL PAPER CO. (2), Rumford Falls, Me. PERLEY & BRO. (2), Pittsburgh, Pa. MORRIS PRINTING CO. (2), Indianapolis, Ind. HENRY L. WILSON SONS CO. (2), Philadelphia, Pa. S. L. REINHARDT & CO. (2), New York. MERCHANTS & MFRS. PAPER CO. (2), Pittsburgh, Pa. LOUISVILLE PAPER CO. (2), Louisville, Ky. HUNT & EICHELBERGER, Los Angeles, Cal. M. H. EICHBERG CO. (2), Atlanta, Ga. WHAT TOU ARE LOOKING FOR IS OUR OLD STRATFORD Parchment Covers CRASH FINISH A COVER MANUFACTURED from LEDGER STOCK Three effective tints in a delicate Deckle Edge; 20^x25. Also five colors in ripple and antique finishes. Write for samplebook showing complete line with specimens of presswork to Agents on back of insert, or to the manufacturers rilTTINEAGUE PAPER COMPANY H. A. MOSES, President and Treasurer MITTINEAGUE, MASSACHUSETTS, U. S. A. ( THE NAME THAT STANDS FOR QUALITY) C. We are the only Paper Mill exhibitors at the Fair. Make our exhibit your head quarters: Liberal Arts Building, Block No. 2 OLD STRATFORD PARCHMENT COVERS CARRIED BY THE FOLLOWING J. E. LINDE PAPER CO. CHAS. BECK PAPER CO. THE PAPER MILLS’ CO. THE WHITAKER PAPER CO. A. ZELLERBACH & SONS . A. ZELLERBACH & SONS WRIGHT, BARRETT & STILWELL BAY STATE CARD & PAPER CO. CARTER, RICE & CO., Inc. . GRAHAM PAPER CO. . R. P. ANDREWS & CO., Inc. CENTRAL OHIO PAPER CO. J. & F. B. GARRETT ALLING & CORY .... ALLING & CORY .... C. P. LESH PAPER CO. LOUISVILLE PAPER CO. DETROIT PAPER CO. R. M. MYERS & CO. . BUNTIN, REID & CO. THE JOHN LESLIE PAPER CO. . KANSAS CITY PAPER HOUSE . TROY PAPER CO. ... HUDSON VALLEY PAPER CO. . BOND & MENTZEL PAPER CO. . 2 1 4.-2 2 2 William Street , New York . . . . Philadelphia, Pa. . . . . . . Chicago . . . . Cincinnati, Ohio . . . . . San Francisco . . . . . Los Angeles CO. ... St. Paul, Minn. . . . . . . Boston . . . . Boston St. Louis . . . . . Washington . . . . Columbus, Ohio . . . . . Syracuse Buffalo, N. Y. . . . . Pittsburg, Pa. Indianapolis, Ind. Louisville, Ky. . . . Detroit, Mich. Rochester, N. Y. . . . . . . Toronto . Minneapolis, Minn. . . . Kansas City, Mo. . Troy, N. Y. Albany, N. Y. . . . . Baltimore, Md. FOREIGN AGENTS: G. F. SMITH & SON, Ltd. . . London, E. C., England, 60 Aldermanbury Hull, England, 10 and 11 No. Church Side Dresden, Germany, Martin Baecker, Grosse Plauenschestrasse 18 Vienna, Austria, Alois Ebeseder, Opernring, 9 RUDOLPH MEYER . . Amsterdam, Holland, Ccintuurbaan 1 23 GUMAELIUS & KOMP . Stockholm, Sweden MIDDOWS BROS . 73 Clarence St., Sidney, N. S. W. THE INLAND PRINTER 753 The Inland -Walton Engraving Company — -i— — Illustrators, Designers, Half-tone Engravers, r— - -r — Zinc Etchers and Electrotypers OUR MAIL-ORDER DEPARTMENT is thoroughly equipped for the prompt filling of all orders. New machinery and apparatus of the latest design with highly skilled opera¬ tives, assure our patrons satisfaction. Prices and Terms on application. The Inland -Walton Engraving Company 120-130 Sherman Street, Chicago Long-distance Telephones, - - Harrison 4230-4231 5-9 754 THE INLAND PRINTER Tatum Paper Punches (Patented April 10, 1900) PRODUCING clean, accurate work with less power than other makes. The “Tatum Punch” is recognized as the “Standard” Punching Machine. Has made possible the punching of various distances and shapes in loose-leaf ledger sheets at a low cost. Workmanship and material covered by broadest guar= antee. No. 36 A new Hand Power Punch, built on same lines as our other machines. Simple and powerful Low in price THE SAM’L C. TATUM CO. NEW YORK OFFICE: 174 Fulton Street CINCINNATI, OHIO THE CARVER £*> SWIFT 51® STAMPING > EMBOSSING PRESS ON EXHIBITION WORLD’S FAIR, LIBERAL ARTS PALACE, BLOCK 11 MILLER & RICHARD, Canadian Agts. 7 Jordan Street, TORONTO, CAN. UNEXCELLED FOR Simplicity, rigidity and durability of construction, Economy of operation, Quantity and quality of production. C.R. CARVER COMPANY N. E. Cor. 15 th Street and Lehigh Avenue PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA THE INLAND PRINTER Our Day and Night Service Is of more value to our customers than many of them realize. When a customer has a “rush job” we put it through promptly— it isn’t “like pulling teeth” to get us to do it. Take an every-day example: Jn out-of-town rush order reaches us at Q:JO a. m. — customer must have it shipped same day — the work is pushed to the utmost, hut at closing time there is still two hours' work on the job — to finish it in the ordinary plant would cost several dollars in “ overtime ” for men and power, thus making it prohibitory — instead of delaying until next day, as would be done elsewhere — OUR NIGHT FORCE completes the work without delay — it is delivered to the train direct — reaches the customer promptly. We are glad to accommodate you, but of course we are not looking for rush work only. We cater to the appreciative customer — the one who knows and values good work and prompt service. We are doing mighty fine work for people who realize that it is unwise to invest in any but the best engraving and illustrating — and our charges are reasonable, just what the work is worth, not “how much will the customer stand?” We will gladly send samples and estimates to prospective users of engraving and design¬ ing. Address our nearest house. BARNES-CROSBY COMPANY E. IV. HOUSER, President ARTISTS T7 lyT A VC D Q COMMERCIAL ELECTROTYPERS L IN U K A V E/JKD PHOTOGRAPHERS CHICAGO NEW YORK 756 THE INLAND PRINTER The New Huber - Hodgman Printing Press Is a new machine entirely, and built of same excel¬ lent material that made the Crank Press famous. The bed is driven by a straight shaft. No sliding gears or lifting mechanism. We ask the customer to see this press run — how noiseless the operation, how simple the construction, how rigid and strong the parts, how easy to handle, and how light to drive. It requires very little power, being so finely adjusted. The cylinder runs uniform speed. There are no intermediate gears, everything is direct and the speed the limit of the feeder’s capacity. Let us show you the new press. OUR NEW SIZES ARE 28x33 Two and Four Rollers. Type matter, 22x29 46^x56 Four Rollers . . Type matter, 40&x52 31x43 “ “ “ “ “ 25x39 46^x62 “ “ . . “ “ 40}^xS6 38x48 “ “ “ “ “ 32x44 49 x 66 “ . . “ “ 43 x 62 42x52 Four Rollers. “ “ 36x48 VAN ALLENS & BOUGHTON IQ to 2 J Rose St., 5Q Ann St., New York. Factory — Taunton, Mass. Agents, Pacific Coast, HADWEN SWAIN MFG. COMPANY. 'WESTERN OFFICE, 277 Dearborn Street, 215 Spear Street, San Francisco, Cal. H. W. THORNTON, Manager , Agent, England, P. LAWRENCE, 57 Shoe Lane, London, E. C. Telephone, 801 Harrison. CHICAGO THE INLAND PRINTER 757 Have you received a copy of our beauti¬ ful new booklet? “The Face That Jack Got” ] It will be mailed free of charge to every foreman of a bindery or operator of either j a rounder or backer, upon written applica- j tion, if the applicant will furnish his full name and address and the full name and | address of the bindery he is employed in, together with his position in such bindery. It is the most interesting and beautiful advertisement gotten out in five years. j YOU SHOULD HAVE A COPY THE CRAWLEY BOOK MACHINERY CO. j NEWPORT, KY., U.S.A. _ J 758 THE INLAND PRINTER &1)c Cross Automatic ^laprr ^rrtrrrs SOME DISTINCTIVE FEATURES OF CROSS FEEDERS — TWO DISTINCT TYPES PILE STYLE FEEDER — This feeder carries a load of about five feet of paper. CONTINUOUS STYLE — This machine takes up no floor space; is loaded while press is running, no time lost in reloading, thereby resulting in a continuous run equal to capacity of press ; no adjustments for weight or quality of paper. AMERICAN PAPER FEEDER COMPANY, Office, 185 Summer Street, BOSTON R/\rf-nn Self-Regulating Wire The DU^IUI I Stitching Machine August Stitcher 1 . Single Adjustment. Setting the thickness of work automatically adjusts all parts of the machine. 2. Feed grip is circular, having many contacts, and changes position automatically. 3. Spool retarded by gravity eliminating springs, bolts, clasps, etc. 4. Wire passes through a felt-lined tube after leaving the spool. 5. The electric motor equipment is the best and most compact ever placed on a stitcher. Takes up no room. 6. Cutter is one piece of specially prepared steel, easily replaced and inexpensive. Bulletin of Facts 7. Clinchers operate after the stitch is fully driven, the pressure being on the sides of the stitch and not the points, the entire support of the driver being utilized ; hence the even, flat clinch. 8. A wire straightener removes curls and kinks from the wire. 9. Only one wrench required, which fits all remov¬ able bolts. The entire front mechanism can be removed by loosening (not removing) two bolts. 1 0. Wire clips are part of the stitcher and are placed conveniently at the left of the face plate. 1 1 . Improved treadle and foot rest. The whole foot rests on the former, and the motion of tripping the machine is that of walking. The above are only a few of the many points of superiority. For further information and net prices, write to the nearest selling house or agency. American Type Founders Co General Selling Agent THE INLAND PRINTER 759 Profits Increased 10 to 25 per cent by use of the “WHITE” SPEED REGULATOR A thoroughly practical machine is the “White” Speed Regulator, which so controls the speed of any printing press as to make it possible for a feeder to increase the number of impressions from the lowest to the highest including all intermediate speeds without stopping the press. This machine has been tested in many job offices and the results show that a saving in time is effected and the number of impressions is easily increased ten, fifteen, and even twenty-five per cent on many jobs Any rate of speed can be obtained by simply shifting the speed lever, it being possible to change the speed as little as five impressions per hour. The “White” Speed Regulator is destined to dis¬ place all other countershafts and cone pulley arrange¬ ments, as it saves so much in the cost of work over ordinary methods in use that it quickly pays for itself and earns a profit in addition. The rate at which the press is operated is always in¬ dicated on the gauge and is in plain sight of the operator and foreman at all times. Printers are quick to see the great advantage of this machine over the ordinary step cone countershaft, as it enables the feeder to gauge his speed to exactly suit the work to be done. The “White” Speed Regulator has been on the market for some time past, but has been advertised but little as the demand for it from the first has been so great as to test the capacity of its makers to the utmost. The factory at Kalamazoo is now able to get out the machines promptly and is furnishing them on 30 days’ approval to all responsible printers desiring to test the machines and prove the great economy and increased profit they are guaranteed to effect. From the many enthusiastic letters of endorsement received from printers who are using the “White” Speed Regulator with profit and satisfaction, the following are selected to show how the profits of any printing office can be increased by the use of this machine : Kalamazoo, Mich., April 8, 1904. Power & Speed Reg. Mfg. Co. Ltd., Kalamazoo, Mich. Dear Sirs : We have been using for several months one of your No. 4 “White” Speed Regulators on an 8x12 Gordon Press. It has increased our output at least 20 per cent, and has made us money from the minute we installed it. We also have a No. 5 Regulator which drives our 14x22 Universal and it is just what that particular press needs to make it “ Universal.” Very truly yours, S & M Printing Co., Per W. S.. Jr. Kalamazoo, Mich., April 8, 1904. Power & Speed Reg. Mfg. Co. Ltd., Kalamazoo, Mich. Gentlemen : In my 15 years’ experience as a printer I have never seen any device which was as satisfactory from every point of view as the “White” Speed Regulator, for printing presses. The presses which I have equipped with this device are doing more and better work than with the old style step cone counter-shaft, which of course means reduced cost of press work as well as more acceptable appear¬ ance of the job. I am able to break in a “green” operator on any press at low speed and then increase until press is working at full capacity. I am getting the maximum speed on every job in the shop, which would be impossible with the old style countershaft. I find the “White” Speed Regulators to be easy to set up, easy to run, simple to operate and to cost nothing for repairs as there seems to be nothing about them to wear out. Respectfully yours, E. R. Nash, Foreman S & M Printing Co. 50 DAYS FREE TRIAL Offered to all responsible printers. Write for Bulletin “A” which gives full description, price, and valuable information to all printers who are interested in im¬ proved methods and increased profits. Address, Power and Speed Regulator Mfg. Co., Ltd. 102 Shakespeare Building, Kalamazoo, Mich., 760 THE INLAND PRINTER Zi)c IiirorjrrGGtbr JJrtirtrr Wants to keep in the FRONT RANK— He requires the BEST EQUIPMENT. If he is in line with his competitor he uses SIMONDS’ KNIVES -“The Best” DROP US A POSTAL for interesting information regarding Paper Cutting Knives Simonds Sllcinuf act uring Co. CHICAGO, ILL. FITCHBURG, MASS. We have been making Knives 72 years and feel that we know how to produce the Best 5 KNIFE DEPARTMENT AxvVT-c™^-. « ij |c5f COES WARRANTS fj |c» New YorK City Printers Watch this corner next month for the ’winning number. If you don’t know, ask Coes is always first! Means M< Sure to Please and ' QUALITY Ask us why — L. COES & CO., Inc., Worcester , Mass. THE INLAND PRINTER 761 if! o O 'I 'fj jcSt 4 icy 'I >\\\vcvo-^vo7rt^». *\)\vcro-^fg7rt^L. €HS!^ >\^cvo-^vo7rt\.. €*yli5^ >\\\vcrg-^vo7n\.4 \ - ESTABLISHED 1830 . — LORING COES “It does not pay to continuously advertise a poor article.” How lone: could we afford to tell you about Knives if they did not “make good” in service. Knives like this one — . . . . vovxA. i Every Knife And each reason for the “Bestness” has a story 1904 1830 74 Seventy-four years in one place, by one man, on one product. No secondhand tools, or knowledge, or - establish¬ ment dates. Thai’s him, up ihere COES is Always FIRST and BEST. A written warrant (if you ask us to) . The COES’ PACKAGE (the newest new thing in Knife making) . Improved finish. I Send for the story to L. COES & CO.Inc WORCESTER, MASS. New York and Vicinity: G. V. ALLEN, io Warren Street, New York. Phone, 3038 Cortlandt. >uA. \WlC r 0 - (3 v 0 7A . iQfSiSb \\y V e r 0 - v u 7A . \\\vcvu-^vo7A. \Wvcrti-C5 vuTA. 762 THE INLAND PRINTER Fuchs Lang Mfg. Co. 29 Warren St. 328 Dearborn St. 150 N. Fourth St. 6 Bouverie St. Ink and Bronze Factory NEW YORK CHICAGO PHILADELPHIA LONDON, ENG. BROOKLYN, N. Y. Machine Works Foundry RUTHERFORD, N.J. RUTHERFORD, N.J. cTWACHINERY AND SUPPLIES - - - - FOR——— - LITHOGRAPHERS AND PRINTERS Owners of EMMERICH CBb VONDERLEHRj cTWACHINERY Our Bronzing Machines received Highest Award The Fuchs & Lang Mfg. Co., 29 Warren St., Ne=w York, U. S. A. London, Eng., June 11, 1904. Dear Sirs, — Referring to our recent order for Bronzing Machines, we have had to guarantee delivery within three weeks. We might say that one of these machines is for a firm a member of which was one of the judges at the recent exhibition. For the CENTURY Bronzing Machine they gave a Silver Medal and a Certificate, which was the highest award made and the only Silver Medal given for this class of machine. Yours truly, The Aluminum Rotary Press, Limited. THE INLAND PRINTER 763 THE CHAMBERS DROP-ROLL DOUBLE-SIXTEEN FOLDER WITH KING FEEDER ATTACHED Copy from letter of Mr. C. M. Smith, Superintendent of Bindery, Methodist Book Concern, New York city: Messrs. Chambers Bros. Co., Philadelphia, Pa.: New York, June 13, 1904. Gentlemen , — : *** Last Friday we put on a sheet 2°% inches by 41 inches, part of a job of a thirty-thousand run which we are doing for the American Book Company. The Feeder held 12,500 sheets; we ran off this entire board full from beginning to end without one solitary hitch, from the time of start until it was finished. *** With best wishes, I am, Very truly yours, C. M. Smith, Superintendent of Bindery. We are always pleased to receive enquiries and give specific information about our products. CHAMBERS BROTHERS COMPANY ~ Folding and Feeding Machines . _ PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA ^ _ _ 764 THE INLAND PRINTER A HIGH SPEED ROUTER is the No. i machine here shown. The workmanship and materials used in its construction are of the highest grade. The machine is capable of maintaining the highest speed of the cutting spindle, producing the finest quality of work in the least possible time at a minimum cost of operation. You’ll be interested!! Let us hear from you ! John royle & Sons PATERSON, NEW JERSEY, U. S. A. INK FOR EVERY PURPOSE Letterpress Inks Lithographic Inks Copper Plate Inks Steel Plate Inks Proving Inks Cover Inks Chromatic Inks Transfer Inks Celluloid Inks Etching Inks Embossing Inks Lacquers Bronze Powders Varnishes Driers Gloss Paste Art of Printing Buffalo Printing Ink Works BUFFALO, NEW YORK THE INLAND PRINTER 765 ^'t/red jKaety Grand Rapids, Michigan O. H. L. WERNICKE, Manager CARD INDEX BRISTOL SPECIAL RATES ON CARD INDEX BRISTOL TO PRINTERS AND STATIONERS w E are advertising to the general public that genuine dKoeeif Index Cards and Supplies can be purchased through responsible Printers and Stationers. C| We supply all grades of Index Bristol Board in sheets, cut to standard sizes or cut for printing and ruling two or more on, which permits the execu¬ tion of such work exactly as the user desires, without any delay in delivery. Now is your opportunity for taking up the Card Index line which is so rapidly growing in popularity. We can put you on the right basis and make it profitable for you to send us your orders. Lowest prices consistent with high-grade stock. Prompt service. Corre¬ spondence solicited. - - RETAIL STORES ~ NEW YORK: 343 Broadway PHILADELPHIA : 14 N. 13th St. BOSTON: 178 Federal St. CHICAGO: 132 Wabash Ave. THE INLAND PRINTER The message which printing bears is your utterance to the public. A decent regard for public opinion and good business sense dictates that the presentation of your argument should be in a guise adequate to command attention and a respectful hear ing. The dress of your printing should be suited to the occasion. We are specialists in business literature of all kinds, and can be con suited at any time when you are preparing your catalogues advertising or other liter ature A The Henry O. Shepard Company Designers, Engravers, Printers, Binders; Stippling for the trade 120-130 Sherman Street, Chicago, Illinois, U. S. A. Long-Distance Telephone, 4230-4231 Harrison THE INLAND PRINTER 767 768 THE INLAND PRINTER PROFIT PRODUCTS FOR YOUR PRESSROOM the feedboard The DUX FEEDER TYMPALYN A New Standard Thin And on the bed of the press a MALEY BLOCK, make a perfect equipment THE TYMPALYN CO., 246 Summer Street, Boston ELECTED ! The 20th Century Monitor Wire Stitcher. A matured machine, ripe with years of ex¬ perience and improve¬ ments — but ever young and strictly up-to-date. FOR SALE On Very Treasonable Terms Two Linotype Machines The returns show that The Monitor is Elected by an overwhelming majority of printers and bookbinders of America, and has a strong following throughout the world. Get into the band-wagon with the Monitor. If you want to know more about it, send for campaign literature with illustrations and descriptions. LATHAM MACHINERY COMPANY 19 7-201 South Canal Street, CHICAGO, ILLINOIS NEW YORK STORE, 8 Reade Street These machines are in thorough working order. They may be seen at any time, and all information as to terms, etc., may be obtained from The Buxton £4 Skinner Stationery Co. Fourth and Olive Streets St. Louis, Mo. _ The Queen City Printing Ink Co. 4LM5°r 1925 South St.. CINCINNATI, 0. 345 Dearborn St., CHICAGO 147 Pearl St., BOSTON 734 Sansom St., PHILADELPHIA H. D. BLACK, 40. RED. 2534. GREEN, 2261. ENOUGH SAID Necessary for Good Printing. ...and Never to Blame for Poor Printing. GET THE QiieenCityInkHabie c*. IT PAYS. TheQueenCity Printing Ink Company HD BOOK) INK W2.5 South St Cincinnati 345 Dearborn St. Chicago 147 Peart St Boston 704 Sansom St. Philadelphia THE INLAND PRINTER 769 The Inland Printer Business Directory. TBe firms enumerated below are reliable, and are commended to the notice of those seeking materials, machinery or special service for the Printing, Illustrating and Bookbinding Industries. “'gilifssi » RULE AND BRASS GA A“s;x»^!./2™fFotad.,?» li“ of C“S" cSS'S-rk- i MANUFACTURERS. sier"“ CHARCOAL FOR ENGRAVERS. S&A. pS; KX*MoF°TS in'a'll 'branch esf,reet' S‘' Flos §r> fa?" H0Y”.*ri'^O"*T' a” N'W “'fe and Love joy Company, Thi "fis=3Els 770 THE INLAND PRINTER THE INLAND PRINTER BUSINESS DIRECTORY— Continued. THE INLAND PRINTER 771 THE INLAND PRINTER BUSINESS DIRECTORY— Continued. BE phrAGVitaie^ela5tln 1 BlNN?wMYorkGTalsoS4i*3°Conunerce0 st.^I^hllaf^ ' c^,&^itrSerposii Ba“* Established 1871. Try our padding glue. Hart & Zugelder, Rochester, N. Y. Also Flex¬ ible Tablet Glue, 15 cents per pound. Wild & Stevens. 148 Congress street, Boston, Mass. Established 1859. PRINTING PRESSES. -SECONDHAND. American Type Founders Co. See list of branches under “ Type Founders.” RE-ENGRAVING AND HALF-TONE WORK A SPECIALTY. Block, FIenry, 240 E 28th st., New York. CRESeeEN‘‘CresMcBe°ntSGoGodsC” ’ P'ainfield’ | J' MSp£dtsi|^s^nK x J., Co., 149 Fulton st., ( TOILET PAPERS. United States Envelope Company, Springfield, Mass. Seventy-five distinct lines of toilet papers made at Morgan Envelope Co. Div., Springfield, Mass. TRANSLATION. Languages Printing Company, Languages building, 15 W. 18th st., N. Y. Price¬ lists; commercial catalogues. Co'' 6J‘ “•ssHfe? sss°7S ss “liSiSSs WOOD TYPE. .merican Type Founders Co. See list o branches under “ Type Founders.” mpire Wood Type Co., 818 E. 5th st., Nev York. Manufacturers wood type. Main office and factory rehouse Wis. _ fac N. Y. Manufac- THE PHOENIX PLATEN AND CYLINDER PRESSES are unequalled for Power of Pressure, Inking Capacity, Per¬ fect Register and Speed. They are, besides, by their Labour- Saving Appliances, the Handiest Presses in the World Paris Grand Prix Exhibition Highest 1900 Award THE PHOENIX PLATEN PRESS for Printers, Bookbinders, Cardboard-Box Manufacturers Prominent features of the Phoenix Platen Press: Platen and Steel shaft one single rigid piece, affording greatest possible power. Large distribution area, covering in Nos. 4 and 5 machines (chase inside 16x24 in.) more than 16 superficial feet. For fine photo-blocks almost indispensable. Smooth and noiseless running of roller-carriage, special device protecting cam in large gear-wheel from premature wearing-out. Big forme rollers— Straight roller-slides, adjustable— Disconnection of all rollers at once — Finest regulation of ink supply — Easiest handling of ink-fountain, etc.etc. Hand Safety. Ap THE PHOENIX CYLINDER (Two- and Single Revolution) PRESSES are the sole presses with permanent-rotating cylinder which are provided with such devices as will ensure always Perfect Register. They are unique in this respect. Most simple and durable bed motion. Air springs. Greatest Power of Pressure ensured by extra-strong Cylinder and Centre. Finest Ink Distribution, large rollers, easiest regulation of ink flow. Ingenious Sheet-shifters (self-acting front- and side-gauges) compensate with small deficien¬ cies in laying-on. Great output — up to 2400 impressions per hour. Labour-saving appliances: special tympan clamps, — all sheet-guide parts need only axial adjustment, being vertically to the feeding-edge always ready for running— all rollers can be instantaneously set in and out of action. Two Revolution Phoenix Press with table and cy¬ linder distribution combined and with front delivery printed side up These are the best machines for the finest art work as well as for long runs and Do not lay down printing machines without having pre¬ viously applied for full particulars to the Manufacturers J.G.SCHELTER&GIESECKE LEIPZIG (GERMANY) Single Revolution Phoenix Press with rear delivery printed side up. Cylinder distribution 772 THE INLAND PRINTER It Has No Equal— It Satisfies WES EL == PATENT Iron Grooved Block For every ten blocks of other manu¬ facture there are at least one hundred Wesel Iron Grooved Blocks in use. A list of users — the Elite of Printerdom — will be sent on applica¬ tion. Their opinions will convince the skeptical and confirm the receptive buyer. Allow us to tell you why it is superior. Patented. November ij, 1900 Wesel makes every style of Block now in successful use — Iron and Metal Sectional Blocks with Dittman Register Hooks, Ruled Blocks, and Boston, New Style, and Old Style Patent Blocks. WESEL ELECTRIC PROOF PRESS Tw^rs In these presses we have reduced the labor of taking proofs to merely laying on and taking off the paper after the galley has been placed on the bed. The press is operated by an electric motor, and at a touch of the foot on the treadle the type matter is automatically inked and the proof taken. These presses are specially adapted for news¬ paper and book work, and are only surpassed for this class of work by our Web Self-feeding, Self-inking Proof Presses. Their speed is only limited by the ability of the operator in laying on and taking off the paper. OPINIONS OF USERS OF ELECTRIC PROOF PRESSES West Publishing Co., St. Paul, Minn., — “The two Electric Proof Presses give satisfac¬ tion in every sense of the word. Aside from their economy, there is a decided improvement in quality of proofs, thus saving time in proofreading.’’ Cleveland Press, Cleveland, Ohio, — “You could not buy the Electric Proof Press back from us for ten times what we paid for it, if we could not get another. ’ ’ Chicago Chronicle, Chicago, — “Saves a great amount of time and labor.” Dallas Nevus, Dallas, Texas, — “It is one of those things we could not dispense with.” World, Kansas City, Mo., — “Our foreman says it is the best thing he ever saw in a composing-room.” “&ou touch the treadle and the press does the rest ” WESEL makes and sells everything required for Electrotyping, Stereotyping and Photo-Engraving. F. WESEL MFG. CO. a 82=84 FULTON STREET, NEW YORK 310 DEARBORN STREET, CHICAGO THE INLAND PRINTER 773 LPrttitng 3lntottattons Calling Carts Ctnbossrt Jsrtationerp Our Sample Sets are the finest in the field. W rite for in¬ formation. Commercial better Ixatuncjs anft Business Carts WM. FREUND & SONS, 174-176 State Street, CHICAGO, ILLINOIS IJresstoork By WM. J. KELLY A Manual of Practice for Printing Pressmen and Pressroom Apprentices ITS CHAPTERS INCLUDE At Hand Press — Making Ready — Methods of Applying Underlays — Underlaying Small and Large Sections — The Cut-out Underlay — Preliminaries to Overlaying — Packing the Cylinder — Modifications in Hard Packing— Amending the Make-up of Tympans — Tympan for Quick Jobwork — Tympans for Newspaper Work- Overlaying— Preparations Necessary to Making Overlays — Opinions on Over- laying Compared — Summary of Useful Hints — Inks. :: :: :: :: :: :: New enlarged edition. Full cloth. Price, . . . $1.50 The Inland Printer Company * (Pur s>amplr iJuuku The finest ever distributed in this country are in the hands of all leading houses From Ocean to Ocean and From the Gulf to the Lakes “ NUNEMACHER” MEANS “NOW-DOER” AND IS SYNONYMOUS FOR “FINEST WORK” AS WELL AS “Prompt Execution” (Pur feugrautug Jjlaut The Largest and Best devoted to the trade in America. Embossing a Specialty. “You take the orders and we do the rest.” F. C. NUNEMACHER PRESS LOUISVILLE, KY. THE PROCESS OF THE FUTURE Zeese -Wilkinson Colortype Process The only Three-Color Process which gives FACSIMILE RESULTS WHY employ old-fashioned lithography when on their own letterpress machines printers may obtain results which can not be equaled by any number of runs on stone? Colortype printing becomes a Success wherever the Zeese -Wilkinson Plates have been used. We are prepared to give all information and full particulars for the use of same. THE ZEESE -WILKINSON COMPANY, 213-217 E. 24th St., New York 774 THE INLAND PRINTER pf the new wonder It Beats the World ! $550.00 Think of it ! Y ou can have one BOOK, POSTER AND NEWS Power Printing Press IS CREATING A FUROR AMONG COUNTRY PRINTERS ! BARGAINS 8 Fine Washington Presses 2 “ Ideal 3 “ Cylinder " Send for information at once. Mention Inland Printer W. G. WALKER £* CO., Department B, MADISON, WISCONSIN ti* i'^!rf *•$*» *•$*> »*|*> *•$•» <•$•> f4k lit fit f4?*> «4?l> <4*> r^t <*^> <•$*» f*$«> ti* ri*t Fifteen Hundred Visitors inspected the Inland Type Foundry during June. The universal verdict was that it is the finest equipped type foundry in the world. CL When you visit the World’s Fair, don’t neglect the opportunity of going thru this model manufacturing plant. The management extends this invitation to every printer and publisher in the country. Inland Type Foundry Saint Louis rift rift rift rift rift i4!*» rift rift »•?•> rift rift <*?«> rift <•?»> rift rift rift rift rift rift rift rift rift rift rift rift rift rift The Robert Dick Mailer The Printers’ friend. Unrivaled for simplicity, durability and speed. With it experts have addressed from 6,000 to 8,586 papers in less than an hour. Latest record, 200 papers in less than a minute. No office complete without it. For information concern¬ ing mailer, address Rev. Robert Dick Estate Perfection Wire- Stitching Machines Always Satisfactory Manufactured by The J.L. MORRISON CO. 60 Duane St., New York LONDON LEIPZIG TORONTO W. TUPPER ST. *5“ sj.sj.sj. *J. * J. S J. *J* S J. S J. sj.sj.sj. sj. S J. S J. S J. THE INLAND PRINTER 775 ESTABLISHED 1855 Robert Mayer & Co. MANUFACTURERS Finest Black and Colored LITHOGRAPHIC AND PRINTING INKS Parks’ Renowned Lithographic Hand Presses, Pure Linseed Oil ! Importers of Lithographic Stones, Bronze Powders, 226 Fourth Avenue, New York Branches -j reed^GOODWIN, San Francisco, Cal. ROUSE Register Hooks are positively unequaled in every essential of a first-class register hook, such as Speed , Durability , Fine Register and Narrow Margins. ROUSE Unit System Bases are light, extremely rigid, and are easily made up. They present a smooth , un¬ broken and unyielding surface to the plate, and are practi¬ cally indestructible. Prices are right, too! While you are at it, Why not get the Best? Wide-awake dealers sell them. Write for circular and estimates. H. B. ROUSE & CO. 158 Huron Street, CHICAGO MANUFACTURERS JOHN HADDON & CO., London, Sole Agents for Great Britain 776 THE INLAND PRINTER Copyright, 1904, The Inland Printer Co. “GRANDMOTHER’S LOVE-LETTERS.’ TTdE pretty sentiment in the latest -*■ imaginative drawing by the well- known illustrator, F. De Forest Schook, reproduced herewith in miniature, having created a demand for copies suitable for framing, The Inland Printer Company has reproduced the drawing in a size suitable for this purpose. Engraved by The Inland -Walton Co. A limited number of copies have been printed on heavy plate paper; size of drawing 15 x 1 1 x/z , with wide margins, which will be sent to any address on receipt of $ 1 . The Inland Printer Company 120-130 Sherman St, Chicago, Ill. TELEPHONE g.4556 FRANKLIN. THE STERLING ENGRAVING COMPANY ALL BRANCHES ILLUSTRATING AND ENGRAVING THE MOST PROGRESSIVE OUSE I THE CITY 96 — 98' READE STl NEW YORK FOR SALE On Very Reasonable Terms — One Linotype Machine This machine is in thorough working order. It may be seen at any time, and all information as to terms, etc., may be obtained at The WINTHROP PRESS . 32 Lafayette Place NEW YORK CITY PRINCESS COVERS (jravrUtr in Storlt IN TEN COLORS, TWO FINISHES, TWO SIZES ’AND FOUR WEIGHTS Henry Lindenmeyr & Sops . New York City James' White & Company . Chicago, Illinois A. Storrs & Bement Company . Boston, Massachusetts A. G. Elliot & Company . Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Dobler & Mudge ... . Baltimore, Maryland W. W. McBride Paper Company, Pittsburg, Pennsylvania Ailing & Cory .... Rochester, New York R. H. Thompson Company Buffalo, New York Beecher, Peck & Lewis . . . Detroit, Michigan The Chatfield & Woods Company Cincinnati, Ohio The Kingsley Paper Company . Cleveland, Ohio The Central Ohio Paper Company . Columbus, Ohio Saint Louis Paper Company Saint Louis, Missouri C. P. Lesh Paper Company Indianapolis, Indiana Carpenter Paper Company . . Omaha, Nebraska A. G. Elliot Paper Company . Dallas, Texas Wright, Barrett & Stillwell Company, Saint Paul, Minn Minneapolis Paper Company . Minneapolis, Minnesota | San Francisco, California ( Los Angeles, California Brown Brothers, Limited . . Toronto, Canada A. Zellerbach & Sons THE INLAND PRINTER 777 $> CALENDAR ADVERTISING ® only pays when attractive, up-to-date subjects, like those in our line, are used to advertise ANY business. Write us promptly, Mr. Printer, for sample terms, price lists, catalogues, discounts to the trade, etc., on our mammoth line of Calendars and Advertising Novelties. WE HAVE JUST THE LINES YOU ARE AFTER Bennett -Thomas Manufacturing! Co. Inc. IMPORTERS, MAKERS AND JOBBERS OF Calendars, Shapes, ShowCards, Hangers, Banners, Calendar Pads, etc., Blotters, Folders, Cards, Thermometers, Yardsticks and Rulers; Novelties in Leather, Aluminum, etc., for Advertising or Premium purposes. Long-Distance Telephone, Harrison 2289 — Automatic 9188. 328-334 Dearborn Street, CHICAGO, ILL., U.S.A. d drammg flrorpaa flap^r A- 25 x 38—70 Cream Tint — Smooth Finish. I For high-class Fook and Catalogue IF ork. 8c. per lb. case lots. 9c. per lb. ream lots. SEND FOR SAMPLE. JAPAN PAPER COMPANY Importers of High-grade Papers 36 E. Twenty-first St., New York Cover and Book Papers JAMES WHITE CO. PAPER. DEALERS 210 Monroe Street, CHICAGO, ILL. Andrews & Pittman Mfg.Co, new York. MANUFACTURERS OF THE IDEAL IRON GROOVED BLOCK MOST UP TO DATE AND PRACTICAL The Ideal hooks Jill save 50 per cent of the time on Rapid Work Our Motto DINSE, PAGE & CO. Electrotypers ■'= AND Stereotypers 167 Adams Street, Chicago Telephone, Main 260 778 THE INLAND PRINTER At its exhibit at the Louisiana Purchase Exposition The Sigmund Ullman Company is displaying High-grade printing done In all parts of the world with Doubletone Inks and Ullmanines, And in conjunction with various Other exhibitors is demonstrating The working qualities of its products In actual operation. THE INLAND PRINTER 779 to From Chicago daily, Aug. 15 to Sept. 10, inclusive. Correspondingly low rates from other points. SPECIAL TRAINS Personally Conducted, leave Chicago August 18 and 25 for San Francisco via the Chicago, Union Pacific and North-Western Line. Stop-overs at Denver, Colorado Springs and Salt Lake City, with side trips at a minimum of expense. No extra charge for travel on these special trains. These low-rate tickets also good on fast daily trains, including The Overland Limited, a solid through train every day in the year, less than three ' days to the Coast, over the only double-track railway between Chicago and the Missouri River, via the most direct route across the American Continent. The ‘Best of Everything. 780 THE INLAND PRINTER From Chicago daily, August 15 to September 10, 1904. First-class tickets good on The Overland Limited of the Chicago, Milwaukee and St. Paul and Union Pacific Line. Also good on The Cali¬ fornia Express via this line. The California Express, leaving Chicago at 10.25 P- m- daily, carries a tourist sleeping car, in which the berth rate to San Fran¬ cisco is only $7. Tickets also good on The South¬ west Limited via Kansas City. For $11 additional tickets may be purchased via St. Paul, Minneapolis and Portland, good on The Pioneer Limited, The Train of Trains, Chicago to the Twin Cities. Books and folders sent for six cents postage. F. A. Miller, General Passenger Agent, Chicago. LOW RATES TO MANY OTHER POINTS Tickets— 95 Adams Street Chicago THE INLAND PRINTER 781 Indians °i^e Southwest A new book, of intense interest — the absorbing story of a fast-vanishing race. It tells of their modes of life, customs, traits and ceremonies. Interesting alike to student and general reader. Valuable as a work of reference in school and home. Navaho Baby in Cradle The author is one who knows whereof he writes — GEO. A. DORSEY, Ph. D., Curator of Anthropology, Field Columbian Museum, Chicago. Sent anywhere on receipt of fifty cents, coin, stamps or money order. Worth double the price. An additional fifty cents will bring you a beautiful book on the Grand Canyon of Arizona — greatest of natural wonders. General Passenger Office Atchison, Topeka Santa Fe Ry. CHICAGO The illustrations are made from original photographs taken from life. The handsomely colored cover, with enameled book paper, make this volume one to be preserved. 782 THE INLAND PRINTER New Jersey Wire Stitching Machine. THE HIGHEST GRADE. " FOOL PROOF.” STEAM OR ELECTRIC MOTOR. J. L. Shoemaker & Co. SOLE AGENTS, 15 South Sixth Street PHILADELPHIA, PA. Copper and Zinc Plates MACHINE GROUND AND POLISHED CELEBRATED SATIN FINISH BRAND FOR PHOTO-ENGRAVING AND ETCHING MANUFACTURED BY American Steel & Copper Plate Co. 150 NASSAU STREET, NEW YORK, N. Y. Machinery Designed WHITMORE Mfg. Co. You have a machine to develop. You Know it would pay you well to install it if it were well designed. I make a specialty of just such work (and do considerable of it). How can you find that I am the one to do your work ? SAMUEL HOLLINGSWORTH, M.E. HOLYOKE, MASS. MANUFACTURE BEST GRADES OF Surface Coated Papers Card Board ESPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR The Black-Clawson Co. HAMILTON OHIO Paper and Pulp Mill Machinery INK MILLS, PERFORATORS Write us for prices and further particulars PRINTERS’ ROLLERS BEST AND CHEAPEST IN USE ■ ALSO — - TABLET GUM GODFREY & CO. 909 Sansom St., Philadelphia, Pa. If in a hurry, ATLAS ELECTROTYPE COMPANY : We do electrotyping only, and give prompt service and best work. We can please you. Out-of-town work solicited. 76 to 82 Sherman St., Chicago DISPLACES BENZINE. d by U. S. TARCOLIN Alcolin, Dissolin and Pyronil. Write lofKet.' Delete Chemical Co* TELEPHONES J automatic 6541 Slade, Hipp Sl Meloy 139 Lake St., Chicago BOOKBINDERS’ SUPPLIES PAPER BOX MAKERS’ SUPPLIES EGG CASES AND FILLERS Straw Boards Auburn Cloth Board W. O. Davey & Sons’ Tar Board Wood Pulp and Jute Board “Diamond S’’ Cloth Board Interlaken Mills Book Cloth Imported and Domestic Glazed Papers l * 18V98 linen Record ~^WeseV^t all linen ARE ACKNOWLEDGED TO BE OF THE HIGHEST QUALITY SEND FOR SAMPLE BOOK. CRANE BROS.. PAPER MAKERS. WESTFIELD. MASS LMartenson&Co. =^MACHINISTS= Printers’ and Bookbinders’ Machinery a Specialty 186 and 198 South Clark Street, Sixth Floor, Rear. CHICAGO. CARBON BLACK Godfrey L. Cabot BOSTON, MASS. THE INLAND PRINTER 783 “LEST ( YOU ) FORGET ” Pirie’s Gum. Papers lie flatter on the press than any other Gum’d Papers made Try them and see. Mills — Aberdeen, Scotland. U. S. Branch -ALEX. PIRIE 6 SONS. Ltd. 33 Rose Street, New York. S. P. Shotter Company NEW YORK. PHILADELPHIA. SAVANNAH. :: CHICAGO. Rosin Oils AH grades and gravities for making PRINTING INK GET OUR PRICES AND SAMPLES WHY YOU NEED IT! Another "Reason — JVo. 8 Acme Ink Reducer es colored inks print sharp and clear or cuts, such as half-tones, wood engraving rrevents ink from picking the surface o i or highly calendered papers ; it is thebes, ing solid cuts. Guaranteed to lay and dr; ACME COMPOUND COMPANY, Elkhart. Ind. Branch-YALE PRINTERS' SUPPLY CO., New Haven, Conn. Come, let’s talk it over JF OMR METAL * is good enough _for the J+ J+ Chicago Tribune , tohy not for you ? GREAT WESTERN SMELTING AND REFINING CO. CHICAGO Superlative Inks Printing Facsimile Typewritten Letters, in connection with our Typewriter Ribbons to match REPRESENTS THE ONLY SUCCESSFUL METHOD OF Carbon Paper Specialties - FOR PRINTING TRADE - In Pen, Pencil and Stylus Carbons MITTAG & VOLGER Manufacturers, PARKRIDGE, N. J. Practical Guide to (Elmbossing TELLS ALL ABOUT EMBOSSING HOW TO DO IT ON AN ORDINARY JOB PRESS The best work yet published. You should have one. The above is the title of a new edition of “A Practical Guide to Embossing,” just pub¬ lished. The work is a 32-page pamphlet, with full directions for making dies and doing embossing on job presses. Besides samples of e: ' ! ' ~:J - J outside of cover, it has two pages in the center of varic No printer should fail to \ of embossed work . _ of these books. Price, 75 cents, postpaid. PERFECTION Mer^enthaler Linotype Lanston Monotype METALS E.W. BLATCHFORD CO. Chicago Art Bits A collection of proofs selected from odd issues and engravers’ etchings, half-tones and three-color work. No two guaranteed to be exactly alike. Twenty-five selections in a portfolio. Price, $1.00 — postpaid.. THE INLAND PRINTER CO. CHICAGO Machines “Krause” for Printers and Lithographers always in stock Louis DejongeaCo. 69, 71-73 Duane Street NEW YORK. YcstT^ockt jftanual of glinting A full and concise explanation of the technical points in the printing trade, for the use of the printer and his patrons. (Cable of Contents Punctuation : The Comma, Semicolon, Colon, Period, Note of Interrogation, Exclamation Mark, Hyphen, Marks of Parenthesis, Dash, Apostrophe, — Capitalization — Style : The Use and Non-use of Figures, Abbreviations, Italicizing, Quotations — Marked Proof -Corrected Proof - Proofreaders’ Marks — Make-up of a Book — Imposition and Sizes of Books — Sizes of the Untrimmed Leaf — T; Standard — Number of Words in a Sqi :7nlhypi _ rs — To Prevent Coated Paper from Peeling — Engraving and Illustrating — Definitions of the Principal Technical Terms Used in Fine Bookbinding— Relative Values of Bindings— Direc¬ tions for Securing Copyright — Correct Sizes of Flat Writing Papers — Sizes of Ruled Paper - Regular Envelope Sizes— Standard o: - c XT — papers — Leads for Newspaper Measurements — Imposition of Fori Convenient vest-pocket size. Neatly bound in leather, round corners; 86 pages; 50 cents. €ije SWanti printer Co. ii6 Nassau Street 120-130 Sherman Street NEW YORK CHICAGO 784 THE INLAND PRINTER The Inland Printer— August, 1904. CONTENTS. INDEX TO ADVERTISEMENTS. Vol. XXXIII. No. 6. SEPTEMBER, 1904. Price, 30 Cents. N LAND RDSTTER *••••••• ••••••••€•• vw A fiolpokc, mass., I li.S.il. -"•kiPSSSiSffit^Lht 2 ad 1904” l LinFor C grade^eterilt I ■• L,”k'k1^o1?j£’ : i nfcTKSiSM-'*" • * ■'F”DCh<^^^s,&TJsa; : l SEND FOR OUR. NEW BOOK OF • % Samples of Specialties in ; I COVER ! PAPERS l l •‘Old Valley Mills 1904” - ; — - — © FURNISHED. © - O Holyoke, Mass., U. S. A. £ WROE d BIGELOW. 1106 = 7 MonadnocK Bldg. ! i : Made in three styles, in twenty-four colors, in 21 x 33, e 60 ^and 80 lb Thes^e papers are made only by ourselves ' J VELLUM and SATIN TINTS In fifteen colors. 21 x55, 60 and 80 lb. ONION SKIN BOND In Folio, Royal and Double Cap HALF-TONE WRITING : Keith Paper Co. 2 TURNERS FALLS : . 786 THE INLAND PRINTER THE AULT £y WIBORG CO. Makers of Letterpress, Steelplate, Copperplate and Lithographic Inks Dry Colors, Varnishes, Oils and Dryers. Importers of Lithographic Stones, Supplies and Bronzes. CINCINNATI, NEW YORK, CHICAGO ST. LOUIS, TORONTO, LONDON THE INLAND PRINTER 787 OES Calendar 1905 Pads Stock Certificates Bond Blanks Diploma Blanks We are the originators of these specialties for printers’ use. Our Calendar Pads are Lithographed (not printed) , which insures uniformity of color and margin. We have 38 styles and sizes. Samples for 1905 now ready. Our line of blanks is recognized as the largest and most com¬ plete on the market. 100 styles Stock Certificates 47 “ Bond Blanks 10 “ Diplomas 4 “ Check Blanks Samples and prices on application. Lithographers, whose facilities are limited, will find it to their advantage to have us execute their large orders for color and commercial work. We run eighteen lithograph presses, sizes 17 x 22 to 44 x 64 inches (your imprint on your orders). Trade work is one of our specialties. Goes Lithographing Company Sixty=First and Clark Streets CHICAGO 788 THE INLAND PRINTER “A Hit , a Very Palpable Hit ! ” — Hamlet. The Campbell Company’s four-page insert in the July number of Printing Art, entitled “ Twice Through the Press.” Accurate register is not impossible of attainment on any fairly good press if it is new and ran slowly enough . But this insert, including fine half-tones, received two printing impressions, one placed upon the other, at a speed of 1,600 an hour, and the CENTURY which did this work was five years old. That’s why it was » The (Century » THE INLAND PRINTER 789 * The (Century » A VERY NOTABLE FEAT The CENTURY accomplished it and preserved the absolutely exact register of overlays to blocks as well as of paper to type, because both the CENTURY bed and cylinder are locked together throughout the printing stroke by the continuous register racks and gearing. The boy who fed the machine had had only nine months' experience as a feeder, but he had able assist¬ ants in the Radially-closing Grippers and the Instan¬ taneous Front Guide Action found only in the Century. Every printer should see and study, with a mag¬ nifying glass if necessary, this insert. Extra copies were mailed to a long list of printers, but some few may have been overlooked. It will be cheerfully sent on application, and it is worth writing for as it is an Object Lesson in the Printing Art THE CAMPBELL COMPANY H. A. WISE WOOD. President 1 Madison Ave.» New York City 334 Dearborn Street, Chicago, III. 189 Fleet Street, London, E. C.» England IMP* When visiting the World’s Fair, see our exhibit, Block 10, Palace of Liberal Arts. 790 THE INLAND PRINTER THE INLAND PRINTER 791 792 THE INLAND PRINTER fcfi Hp4 RRL/'—’ MVTQMATie PREoC^ fj’OMFMNY* m si Never Headed This, your old friend — the Little Wonder. Since we put this on the market, we have made very many different kinds of fast presses, but no one of them has ever approached the record of this little Card and Envelope Machine — 21,596 envelopes in an hour. The Little Wonder is still on deck — a steady, easy favorite. For full particulars concerning this and fast presses to do almost anything, except printing from the web, address, THE HARRIS AUTOMATIC PRESS CO. CHICAGO— Old Colony Building NILES, OHIO NEW YORK— 26 Cortlandt Street The Monotype " Confidence is a plant of slow growth ” — William Pitt , Earl of Chatham C Confidence, however, in some few cases, is a plant of marvelously quick growth. C Already, for instance, the printers of America have amply demonstrated their confidence in the MONOTYPE. C After a very short trial a majority of the leading firms have sent orders for additional machines. Their repeat orders mean absolute confidence in MONOTYPE results. jfT When the samples of work shown on the following pages done by the T row Directory, Printing and Bookbinding Company are con¬ sidered it is not surprising that the company, as shown by Mr. F. H. Doelle’s letter on the last page of this insert, should have ordered addi¬ tional Monotypes. It is not every printer who has such intricate composition as the Students’ Old Testa¬ ment ” to carry out, but a machine that can do this with ease and celerity can do anything, a fact the Trow Company were quick to recognize. Wood Nathan Co. Sole Selling Agent One Madison Avenue, New York HADWEN SWAIN MFC. CO. Representative for Pacific Coast SAN FRANCISCO. CALIFORNIA W. P. GUNTHORP, JR. Chicago Representative 554 Dearborn Street. CHICAGO. ILL. y rmong the prominent Monotype users who have recently added to their Mono type equip¬ ments may be mentioned New York City G. P. Putnam’s Sons J. J. Little & Co. Trow Directory, Printing and Bookbinding Co. Winthrop Press Philadelphia, Pa. Wm. J. Dornan Wm. F. Fell Co. Curtis Publishing Co. Stephen Greene Co. Review Pub. & Ptg. Co. Towne Printing Co. Boston, Mass. Geo. H. Ellis Co. Chas. A. White Co. Samuel Usher Plimpton Press House of the Angel Guardian Buffalo, N. Y. Hausauer, Son & Jones Syracuse, N. Y. Lyman Bros. Schenectady, N. Y. General Electric Co. Rochester, N. Y. J. P. Smith Printing Co. Baltimore, Md. Stonebraker Bros. Co. Lansing, Mich. Wynkoop-Hallenbeck-Craw- ford Co. Chicago, III. R. R. Donelley & Sons Co. Rand, McNally & Co. St. Louis, Mo. Con. P. Curran Printing Co. Minneapolis, Minn. Heywood Manufacturing Co. Pittsburg, Pa. Perley & Bro. Jas. McMillin Printing Co. Wm. G. Johnston & Co. SPECIMENS OF MONOTYPE COMPOSITION BY TROW DIRECTORY. PRINTING AND BOOKBINDING COMPANY, NEW YORK Pages from Vol. I, “Students’ Old Testament.” Published by Charles Scribner’s Sons. New York THE MONOTYPE 31393 1131 3 3333> 3 3333 333 >3 3333 THE MONOTYPE R W Smith pres Rdrrest Radnor vpres J F.SlMMONS TkEAS W G DeWitt Secy TROW DIRECTORY, PRINTING AND BOOKBINDING COMPANY Printing and Bookbinding Departments 201-213 E 12th St BOROUGH OF MANHATTAN CITY OF NEW YORK NY. June 14, 1904. MESSRS. WOOD & NATHAN CO., 1 Madison Avenue, New York City. Gentlemen: Please enter our order for another MONOTYPE machine (Keyboard and Caster) and advise us, by return mail, how quickly the installation can be made. Although our rental year has not expired on the MONOTYPE machines we now have (three Key¬ boards and two Casters), we hereby avail our¬ selves of our purchase option and request you to apply to the purchase price the year's rent we have paid on the machines. Yours very truly, TROW DIRECTORY, PRINTING AND BOOKBINDING CO. F. H. Doelle, Manager. 5 Point ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRST 514 Point ABODE FGHIJKLMNOPQ 6 Point ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQ 7 Point ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOP 8 Point ABCDEFGHIJKLMNO 9 Point ABCDEFGHIJKLMN 10 Point ABCDEFGHIJKLM ABCDEFGHIJKL 12 Point ABCDEFGHIJK As made and composed on the Monotype As made for the case by the Monotype ABCDEFGHIJ ABCDEFGH 24 Point ABCDEF 30 Point ABCDE 36 Point ABCD THE INLAND PRINTER 793 The New Huber- Hodgman Printing Press THE conservative man is usually the non-progressive man. China is a conservative nation. Evolution is a slow growth, but the man who is willing to investigate usually becomes progressive and keeps ahead of the conservatives. The new Huber-Hodgman Press is a decided advance in press building. It is not imitative of any other machine. It has new features. If you will examine its bed motion you will see it has great strength and durability, combined with light running and speed. The power is applied directly where needed to give ease of movement. The reputation of the Huber Company for fine material and lasting qualities need not be mentioned, it is conceded by all of our customers. In the new press this reputation is maintained. Our factory and tools are all new. The only argument we offer is — see the press. Don’t form your opinion from some interested party who will tell you the “ moon is made of green cheese” if you are blind. We leave our cause in your hands without argument if you will only EXAMINE THE PRESS VAN ALLENS & BOUGHTON IQ to 2 J Rose St., 5Q Ann St., New York. Factory — Taunton, Mass. Agents, Pacific Coast, HADWEN SWAIN MFG. COMPANY. WESTERN OFFICE, 277 Dearborn Street, 215 Spear Street, San Francisco, Cal. H. W. THORNTON, Manager, Agent, England, P. LAWRENCE, 57 Shoe Lane, London, E. C. Telephone, 801 Harrison. CHICAGO 794 THE INLAND PRINTER FULLER AUTOMATIC FEEDERS NEW MODEL For Printing Presses, Folding M a chines, Ruling Machines, etc. Accurately feeds all kinds of paper, light or heavy. Can be attached to any make or style of Printing Press working flat sheets. Adapted to all classes of letterpress, lithographic or color work. WE GUARANTEE AN INCREASE IN PRODUCTION OF TEN TO TWENTY-FIVE PER CENT OVER HAND FEEDING, PERFECT REGISTER AND SAVING IN WASTAGE OF STOCK. Thousands in successful operation. Fisher Building CHICAGO E. C. FULLER COMPANY 28 Reade Street NEW YORK THE INLAND PRINTER 795 THE LATEST Quadruple 16 Book Folder Double Thirty-two All folds are at right angles. All “buckling” is relieved. MADE BY BROWN FOLDING MACHINE CO. ERIE, PA. — ■■ - AGENCIES : - — - - - - - - : NEW YORK— H. L. Egbert & Co. CHICAGO — Champlin & Smith 150 Nassau Street LONDON — W. C. Horne & Sons 121 Plymouth Place 5 Torrens Street, City Road 796 THE INLAND PRINTER DEXTER FOLDERS THE DEXTER SPECIAL MAGAZINE FOLDER. FOLDS QUADRUPLE SIXTEENS AND DELIVERS THE SIGNATURES WITH EDGES CUT OPEN. THE NEW DEXTER RAPID DROP ROLL JOBBING, BOOK AND PAMPHLET FOLDER. Folders of every description. Feeders for Printing Presses, Folding Machines and Ruling Machines. DEXTER FOLDER CO. World’s Fair Exhibits Liberal Arts Building , Block 10 Administration Building ‘ * Model Print Shop THE INLAND PRINTER 797 DEXTER FEEDERS THE DEXTER AUTOMATIC FEEDING MACHINE ATTACHED TO A SHEET-FEED ROTARY PRESS. SPEED, 3,000 SHEETS PER HOUR. THE DEXTER AUTOMATIC FEEDING MACHINE ATTACHED TO A DOUBLE-FEED PRINTING PRESS. SOLE AGENTS W r i t e for Catalogues and Full Information. Great ‘Britain and. Europe T.W. & C. B. Sheridan, London, Eng. Canada, J. L. Morrison Co., Toronto Australia, Alex. Cowan & Sons Melbourne, Sydney, Adelaide South Africa, John Dickinson & Co. Cape Town, Johannesburg and Durban DEXTER FOLDER CO. Main Office and Factory — PEARL RIVER, NEW YORK CHICAGO NEW YORK BOSTON Southern Agents — J. H. Schroeter & Bro., Atlanta, Ga. Mexico — Louis L. Lomer, Mexico City THE HEAVIEST, SIMPLEST, MOST COMPACT AND HANDSOMEST TWO-REVOLUTION. COMPARE THIS ILLUSTRATION WITH THAT OF A THE OPTIMUS The cylinder lifting mechanism of the Optimus is unlike any other. In supreme simplicity, directness of action, freedom from many parts and all complications, it is vastly better than any other, and elim¬ inates the long train of evils, including guttering, due to imperfect devices for this purpose, one of the most vital points in two-revolution presses. It offers much less opportunity for wear and the consequent lost motion than any other arrangement, while it secures the maximum of strength and resistance. It is only an oscillating eccentric box, holding the cylinder shaft journal (rotating with it while lifting), and the cam and lever neces¬ sary to operate the eccentric. The box is unyieldingly fixed as a part of the side frame, and gives the Optimus distinction as the only press whose side frames carry the brunt of impression. Provision is made for easily taking up any wear consequent upon years of use. During impression the eccentric is firmly locked upon its center, and, therefore, no strain whatever comes upon the lifting connections. The trip is only operative when cylinder is off impression. The use of trip when cylinder is on impression has no effect, the impression will be completed perfectly. The bearings holding the cylinder shaft journals are long and large ; and the shaft itself is of steel as large as the cast-iron shafts others use. The upward thrust of impression is sustained by the cylinder shaft held in the immovable boxes forming a part of the side frames. In other words, the cylinder is held to form by side frames, contrary to the practice in all other presses. All parts are calculated to sustain a force many times greater than can be needed for the heaviest work. The girt supporting tracks and bed under impression is the heaviest in use. There are no springs, toggles, rods, or other complexities. The massive side frames of the Optimus are left uncored, unbored and un¬ cut, and take the place of these generally employed complications. Neither is a weight needed to counterbalance cylinder. The cylinder is adjusted by means of a short and very heavy steel screw so fitted into the box that all strain is taken upon its head. This screw is capable of resisting fifty times the strain that it ever will be called upon to endure. The raising or lowering of the cylinder never throws it out of line with the bed. Whether cylinder is high or low, its relation to bed and tracks is always true. In other two-revolutions the lifting of the cylinder is controlled by an eccentric shaft running through the center cross-girt below the bed. The strain of impression is entirely upon the girt. It comes directly upon the eccentric shaft, which passes through the girt, and upon the lifting rods connecting the eccentric shaft to the cylinder boxes. The boxes are loose in the side frames, and rise and fall with the cylinder. The girt, thei efore, not only supports the bed from below, but it also holds the cylinder to its work from above. The side frames of these presses act mainly as guides, or as crates to contain them, and offer little to assist rigidity. As the girt must take the strain of impression in both directions, and as there is a multiplicity of parts whose connections, joints, etc., are subject to wear, is it surprising these machines manifest the weakness of guttering ? The stretch of the rods, and the lost motion by wear in toggles, joints, rollers, pins, etc., are taken up by a bolt under cylinder boxes and the shortening of the rods. With the cylinder type high these bolts are set as firmly as they can be pulled. This puts a lot of wear upon the cam and cam roller which operate the cylinder. To meet the work, lifting rods have grown from \]/% inches diameter to 2 inches, and in quality from ma¬ chine to tool steel. With the exception of the Optimus there is no press that does not use a spring to assist in lifting the cylinder, and for that reason safety pins and mechanical devices are used to prevent accidents should the trip be used at the wrong time. In some cases the raising or lowering of the cylinder throws it out of line with bed and tracks unless made with greatest care. There is a difference in presses. That shown above is not the only point wherein the Optimus differs to be superior. THE INLAND PRINTER 799 THE, CRAWLEY BOOK MACHINERY CO. (Inc.) NEWPORT, KY. LATEST MODEL CRAWLEY ROUNDER AND BACKER Showing Reversing Attachment, patented April 14, 1903. WOULD SECURING ANY OF THE FOLLOWING ADVANTAGES BE OF IMPORTANCE TO YOU IN YOUR ROUNDING AND BACKING DEPARTMENT? 1. Uniformity of product, 4. An average saving of 40 per cent. 2. Economy of space. 5. Ability to do a “flat back” book well, or a book 3. Ability to handle rush orders. for flexible cover, rounded but not backed. We can do all this, handling anything from a pocket prayer-book to a city directory. Most of the edition binders use them and have found them indispensable. Better write us, right away. 800 THE INLAND PRINTER THE COY ROTARY IS UNSURPASSED FOR MAKING COUNTER CHECKS, RAILWAY TICKETS, CIRCULARS, LABELS, POSTERS, ETC. It will deliver from 5,000 to 50,000 sheets per hour, conditioned on size of sheet. It cuts off or rewinds, slits, perforates, punches and numbers in a variety of ways. It prints from flat plates. THE COY PRINTING PRESS CO., 107 South Sangamon Street, CHICAGO H. D. BLACK, 40. The VALUE OF PRECAUTION “A stitch in time... often... prevents an embarrassing exposure.” The daily use of QUEEN CITY INKS.... prevents ink troubles .... is a move in the right direftion .... shows pro¬ gressive tendencies, and, above all, insures the user against unfavorable criticisms from valued and particular customers, who always expedf and demand _ the best _ Hence the oft- repeated advice, GET THE HABIT the queen CITY INK HABIT. The Queen City Printing Ink Co. 1925 South St., . Cincinnati 345 Dearborn St., . Chicago 147 Pearl St., . Boston 734 Sansom St., .... Philadelphia THE INLAND PRINTER 801 ELECTRIC oMOTORS FOR ECONOMICAL APPLICATION OF POWERj The progressive printers throughout the country are using our motors because of their superior design and construction. Our motors are also extensively used in stereotyping, engraving, litho¬ graphing, electrotyping and bookbinding plants. Write for a copy of Booklet No. 2114. Sprague Electric Company General Offices. 527 West 34th Street, New York Branch Offices in Principal Cities Another New Inland Face - — - 4 10-P0INT ELITE OLIVER TYPEWRITER. This is a specimen of our new typewriter face, made from patterns furnished us by the manufacturers of the machine for which it is named. It is put up in job fonts (9A-42a) at $2.50, and is also sold in weight of 25 lbs. and multiples thereof at 74 cents per lb. Justifiers are put up separately in 1-lb. and 5-lb. lots at 46 cents per lb. These should not be omitted, as they are essen¬ tial to the proper justification of the type. Extra fonts of lower case can be supplied at $1.75 The prices above are, of course, subject to our regular discount of 15 per cent. INLAND TYPE FOUNDRY CHICAGO ^BLTI ALO | 6-2 802 THE INLAND PRINTER ^AMERICAN PAPER FEEDER CO., 185 Summer St., BOSTON, MASS., U.S.A. mm the carver £✓ swift mm STAMPING i EMBOSSING PRESS ON EXHIBITION WORLD’S FAIR, LIBERAL ARTS PALACE, BLOCK 11 UNEXCELLED FOR Simplicity, rigidity and durability of construction, Economy of operation, Quantity and quality of production. THE CROSS ^AUTOMATIC PAPER FEEDER^ MILLER & RICHARD, Canadian Agts. 7 Jordan Street, TORONTO, CAN. C.R. CARVER COMPANY N. E. Cor. 15 th Street and Lehigh Avenue PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA This style machine is guaranteed to show distinct saving in time over hand feed, no matter how short the runs may be. Riling table is lowered and raised automatically, stopping where desired without attention from operator. THE INLAND PRINTER 803 PeerlessCarbonBlack r y ink maker that tries it continues to use it:— Very ink made with it prints perfectly f with a black brilliant impression. JAENECKE BROS, A FR.SCHNEEMAN . London. January 29, 1897. We have used your PEERLESS CARBON BLACK for the last thirteen years, for making the fine Black Ink we supply to the “ British Printer” and with which, that Journal prints its fine Letterpress and Process work. We think' we were the first in Eng- ' ook at the printing in this paper, - 4 the ink used was made with it, Very ink maker should use it #for litho and halftone inks. Yours faithfully. MANDER BROS. ‘ufftcient for trial CHAS. ENEU JOHNSON £& CO. amples, prices, etc. can be \ obtained from PAN '^^UAUTr Made by Th e Peerless Carbon Black Co Pittsburg, Pa. Sole Agents : BINNEY&SMITH Co. NEWYORK LONDON PARIS HAMBURG 81-83 FULTON ST. 63 FAR Rl IS G DON ST. 1 5 RU E ELZEVIR . 55-57 NEUER WALL. 804 THE INLAND PRINTER THE OSWEGO AUTO - - ♦ & +» - - - With Improved c/tutomatic Clamp and Foot Treadle Cuts as accurately as the Brown C8h Carver Hand Clamp Cutter. THE AUTOMATIC CLAMP IS INDEPENDENT OF THE KNIFE and is powerful and reliable. The stroke is fast and clean. The mechanism is simple and there are few moving and wearing parts. THE OSWEGO cAUTO turns out the maximum output per day and is absolutely unbreakable. OSWEGO DIE-CUTTING PRESSES OSWEGO AUTOMATIC CLAMP CUTTERS BROWN C& CARVER HAND CLAMP CUTTERS OSWEGO SMALL POWER CUTTERS OSWEGO LEVER CUTTERS OSWEGO BENCH CUTTERS OSWEGO MACHINE WORKS, Oswego, N.Y. NIEL GRAY, Jr., Proprietor ' SELLING AGENTS - Van Allens CS, Boughton, . . . 17-23 Rose Street, New York American Type Founders Co., . 45 N. Division St., Buffalo, N. Y. Southern Printers Supply Co., 304 10th St., N.W., Washington, D.C. Toronto Type Foundry Co., Ltd., 70-72 York Street, Toronto, Ont. Thos. E. Kennedy C8. Co . 337 Main Street, Cincinnati American Type Founders Co., 606-614 Sansom Street, Philadelphia American Type Founders Co., 405 Sansome Street, San Francisco J. M. Ives . 301 Fisher Building, Chicago THE INLAND PRINTER 805 JENNEY MOTORS for Job Presses are not a luxury for the printer. They save the money usually paid out for re¬ pairs, spoiled work, loss of time and wasted power. Write us about your plant, giv- ingnumber, size and make of presses, and we will send you photos and prices of our equipments for your presses. They will sur¬ prise you. i Job Press Motors The Jenney Motor with pedestal base is an ideal drive for Job Presses. It is up out of the dirt and dust of the floor, and is easy of access. It takes up very little floor space, and presses may be set where most convenient. Always reliable and economical of power. Built for direct current only. Jenney Electric Mfg. Co. INDIANAPOLIS, IND. BE PREPARED FOR FALL TRADE WITH OUR SAMPLE SETS, preventing orders being placed with out-of-town parties. Our Sample Sets are the finest in the field. Write for information. WM. FREUND SONS, 174-176 State Street, CHICAGO, ILLINOIS Exclusively Copperplate Engraving and Steel- Die Embossing Wedding Invitations Calling Cards Embossed Stationery^ Commercial Letter Headings and Business Cards A P|T Y Typographic Numbering Machine aA Jmmtf <*??> CUTS RAPIDLY AND ACCURATELY AND NOISELESS IN OPERATION THE STANDARD MACHINERY COMP’Y - Main Office and Works — - MYSTIC, CONNECTICUT ACME BINDER *&No.6 Patented i Europe and United States ACME, Wire Staple BINDERS “ The Best Automatic W ire -Stapling Devices on the market. ” Operated by hand or foot power. Equipped with Automatic Clinching and Anti-clogging Devices. Full information promptly furnished on application. ACME STAPLE CO. ill 500 N. 12th St.. PHILADELPHIA THE INLAND PRINTER 807 Frank IBOLD. President-. ADOLPH Dryer, V. President- & Gent. Mgr. CIACINA/ITI, OHIO SEND FOR OUR NEW SPECIMEN BOOK (feesj^ns - * 5es jt)F a urp o- raVin£ PI nor ENGRAVING & pft ULUDL ELECTROTYPE UU, 407-427 Dearborn Street, CHICAGO. FlectrotypeFav ^ on Jjar+K, cgrriple§ r r^'and EsJltTlate5 Request 808 THE INLAND PRINTER Sheridan’s Perfection This style built in 34- inch only. Write for particulars, prices, terms. T.W. & C. B. SHERIDAN CO. paper Cutters and bookbinders’ machinery NEW YORK CHICAGO LONDON Made by Printed by The University Press THE INLAND PRINTER 809 IN addition to exporting all kinds of Paper, we also export everything used by Newspaper Publishers, by Stationers and by Printers, e. g.: TVIONOLXNES — An efficient, economical, typecasting machine. GOLD PENS and PENCILS, PRINTING and WRITING INKS, Etc., Etc. Send for samples. Apply to your own importers for prices and terms. PARSONS BROTHERS, PAPER. MERCHANTS AND EXPORTERS 257 Broadway, NEW YORK CITY -CABLE ADDRESS: “PARSOBROS," NEW YORK- Andrcws & Pittman Mfg.Co. new York. MANUFACTURERS OF THE IDEAL IRON GROOVED BLOCK MOST UP TO DATE AND PRACTICAL A time-saver is a money-maker. The Ideal hooks will save 50 per cent of the time on make-ready over any other style of hook ever manufac¬ tured. :: Always assembled. Send for List of Users. CHAMPLIN & SMITH, 121 Plyr GOLDING’S, 540 Pearl Street, N AGENTS Rapid JVork Our Motto DINSE, PAGE & CO. Electrotypers AND - Stereotypers 167 Adams Street, Chicago Telephone, Main 260 810 THE INLAND PRINTER Slmlmautt Printing 3luk (flnmgamj Printing , Lithographic, Plate and Stamping Inks BRANCH STORES PRINCIPAL OFFICE AND WORKS Chicago Kansas City Omaha ST. LOUIS, MO., U. S. A. AMERICAN IDEAS AMERICA IS NOT LARGE ENOUGH TO HOLD AMERICAN PRINTING INVENTIONS These find a ready sale on the British market, which presents a field as remunerative as it is world-wide. Walker Bros, have absolutely unrivaled facilities for placing well-tested inventions on the British market, and are open to take up sole agencies for approved lines. Z\)t Ht rtietj ifflarfcrt WALKER BROS., of Bouverie Street, London, are known throughout British printerdom as the suppliers of everything, from a bodkin to a mammoth news press. Their staff of representatives moves in the best trade circles, and by them Great Britain and Ireland is systematically worked. Walker Bros.* house circular, “ The Printers ’ Engineer,'1'1 mailed gratis monthly to every known printer in the British Empire, is not only read but kept for reference. It is questionable if any house in the world has better means of reaching the trade at home and abroad. WALKER BROS. Printers’ Engineers and Sundriesmen 51 BOUVERIE STREET, E. C., LONDON, ENGLAND CORRESPONDENCE invited THE INLAND PRINTER 811 Westinghouse Motors For Driving Presses, Binders, Folders, etc. Electric Drive secures a marked economy in cost of power, a greater efficiency in the machines themselves, and a greatly in¬ creased efficiency of employes, due to the enhanced habitability and cheerfulness of the pressroom. nearest sales office of Westinghouse Electric & Mfg. Co. Pittsburg, Pa. New York, Atlanta, Dallas, Baltimore, Boston, Buffalo, Chicago, Cincinnati, Cleveland, Detroit, Los Angeles, Minneapolis, New Orleans, Philadelphia, Pittsburg, St. Louis, Salt Lake City, San Francisco, Syracuse, Seattle, Denver, Mountain Electric Co. Mexico: G. & O. Braniff & Co., City of Mexico. For Canada: Canadian Westinghouse Co., Limited, Hamilton, Ontario. IT IS NO WONDER Printers prefer the CHALLENGE-GORDON It runs easier Costs less for repairs and Lasts longer than others Besides It is guaranteed BETTER SEND FOR THAT BOOKLET- IT’S FREE Challenge Machinery on exhibition at 127=129 Market Street, Chicago SOLD BT DEALERS EVERYWHERE Manufactured by TEe CHALLENGE- MACHINERY CO., Grand Haven, Michigan SALESROOM AND WAREHOUSE : 127-129 Market St., CHICAGO 812 THE INLAND PRINTER THE CHAMBERS DROP-ROLL DOUBLE-SIXTEEN FOLDER WITH KING FEEDER ATTACHED. Three Chambers Drop-Roller Machines in one day is the record for Richmond, Virginia. This results from independent personal investigation on the part of Mr. Everett Waddey and Mr. W. H. Adams. If machines are wanted “to fold paper” day in and day out, the right kind are found in our product. CHAMBERS BROTHERS COMPANY ~ Folding and Feeding Machines _ _ _ PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA THE INLAND PRINTER 813 JOB CASES FOR CAP AND FIGURE FONTS PRINTERS will here find a practical demonstration of Job Cases for holding cap and figure fonts. In laying fonts advantageously the size of the font of type should determine the style of case. The new Hamilton Job Case will be found very useful in laying extra large sizes of metal type, now extensively shown by most type¬ founders. These four full size cases are alike except in general arrangement, one being single, one double, one treble and one quadruple. Hamilton Job Case Holds one large font of caps and figure Cap or Upper News Case Holds two medium fonts of caps and figure Triple Job Case Holds three fonts of caps and figures Quadruple Job Case Holds four small fonts of caps and figures Quarter Size Cases We show here two new additions to the popular Quarter Size Cases, four of which just fill the ordinary blank case. The use of quarter cases is constantly increasing. The job composi¬ tor finds them very convenient, as they can be taken from the blank case and carried to the make¬ up stone and else¬ where as required. Ideal Brass Leader Case Designed to hold ordinary five and ten pound fonts of brass leaders as put up by the typefounders. Has compartments for all lengths from one to twenty-two ems. Varia¬ tions by one-half ems from one to ten, and by full pica ems from ten to twenty-two. Four of these cases will just fit inside the regular blank case in a rack or cabinet. The case is fitted with a “New Departure” bottom. Numbers are printed over each compartment. :: :: :: Price, 90 Cents Happy Border Case This is a new quarter size Adjustable Border Case which will be found very useful. The great variety of border designs now made by the typefoun¬ ders, and the styles constantly changing, make it impossible to design a satisfactory border case with fixed partitions. The partitions in this case are adjustable by picas the long way and by three points from front to back. Any font of border can be laid in this case and the compartments laid out to accommodate the different characters and left that way. Six long division strips slotted on both sides accompany each case, and a sufficient number of short divisions in various lengths. Four of these border cases will fit inside an ordinary blank case in a cabinet or case rack. The little cases can be carried about the office to the stone or job bank. :: :: :: :: :: :: :: Price, $1.25 FOR SALE BY ALL DEALERS IN THE UNITED STATES AND CANADA EASTERN OFFICE AND WAREHOUSE : MIDDLETOWN, N. Y. THE HAMILTON MFC. CO. CEO. E. CRANE Prest&.Mgr. JNO. DRURY Secx&Treas. MANUFACTURERS OF IH - 116 SHERMAN ST., CHICAGO, ILL, TELEPHONE =.4556 FRANKLIN. THE STERLING ENGRAVING COMPANY ALL BRANCHES ILLUSTRATING AND ENGRAVING THE MOST PROGRESSIVE OUSE I N. THE CITY 96 — 98’ READE ST NEW YORK Chas. Hellmuth MANUFACTURING AGENT FOR KAST & EHINGER Awarded Grand Prix and Two Gold Medals at Paris Exposition Printing and T \ T TZ O Lithographic X X 1 JV. SPECIALTIES FINE HALFTONE BLACKS for job and magazine work Bi=tone Inks, Three-Color PROCESS INKS BRILLIANT COVER INKS in various shades and combinations Unsurpassed Proving Blacks ,,= { 357-359 S. Clark Street, Chicago 111 lilt oma.it c tviih MEGILL’S AUTOMATIC K/iS1” REGISTER. j GAUGE ^/luiogaxige ME GILL’S PLATEN GUIDES v GAUGE PINS Valuebe?°^d GAUGES i&S STYLES AND PRICES IN VARIETY WRITE FOR DESCRIPTIVE MATTER The FIBST in the World. ‘BEST and LATEST EDWARD L. MEGILL, Patentee and Manufacturer, 60 Duane St., NEW YORK THE INLAND PRINTER 815 FULL EQUIPMENTS OF THE LATEST AND MOST IMPROVED Roller=Making Machinery FURNISHED ESTIMATES FOR LARGE OR SMALL OUTFITS JAMES ROWE 2 in c ago ,f e[ l l . LINOTYPE & MACHINERY COMPANY, Ltd., European Agents, 189 Fleet Street, London, England. RELIANCE SAFETY TRIMMER For further particulars and prices write to the MANUFACTURERS PAUL SHNIEDEWEND & CO. 118-132 West Jackson Boulevard, CHICAGO, U. S. A. Sold by KLIMSCH & CO., Frankfort, a.M„ and A.W. Penrose & Co., London. New Acme Automatic Clamping Cutters Built in 34 inch, 38 inch, 42 inch, 46 inch & 30 inch . SELF, HAND and FOOT CLAMP In Combination Inside Gear, Flush Box Frames, Crank Motion, Cut Gears and Steel Shafts The Child Acme Cutter & Press Co. 33-35-37 Kemble Street, BOSTON, MASS. 41 Park Row, - - NEW YORK, N. Y. St. Louis Printers’ Supply Co., 211 N. Third St., St. Louis Miller & Richard, - - 7 Jordan St., Toronto, Canada G. E. Sanborn & Co., . Chicago Alling & Corey, - 225 Washington St., Buffalo, N. Y. A. Lawrence Smith, - 661 Rose Bldg., Cleveland, Ohio H ADWEN-SWAIN MfG. Co. , 215-217 Spear St., SAN FRANCISCO , CAL. Geo. C. James & Co., . Cincinnati, Ohio 816 THE INLAND PRINTER There are many pretty sights in an up-to-date print-shop, but none more pleasing than A Row gf Whitlocks Composing Room is considered by many to be simply “a necessary evil.” jpy ^ I ^ THE PRESSROOM is where the money is made. It is in that department you need the best machinery. The hum of the wheels will be as music to your ears — if you use Whitlocks. You can then rest easy as you sit in the office, and the worried look will be replaced by one of supreme content. The Whitlock family is a happy family. We want you to join it. Western Agents: AMERICAN TYPE FOUNDERS CO., Chicago, St. Louis, Cleveland, Cincim Minneapolis, Kansas City, Denver, Angeles, San Francisco. Southern Agents : Messrs. J. H. SCHROETER C& BRO., 44 West Mitchell St., Atlanta, Ga. European Agents: Messrs. T. W. C& C. B. SHERIDAN, 46 Farringdon St., London, Eng. THE WHITLOCK PRINTING PRESS MFG. CO., gf Derby, Conn. - AT THE SALES OFFICES BELOW: - Fuller Bldg., 23d St. and Broadway, NEW YORK 309 Weld Building, : : : : BOSTON, MASS. RUSSIAN PEASANT. Copyright, 1903, by The Inland Printer Company. Ths>8\JN LAND lwftRlNTER 1 THE LEADING TRADE JOURNAL OF THE WORLD IN THE PRINTING AND ALLIED INDUSTRIES Vol. XXXIII. No. 6. Terms I $3-°o per year, in advance. 1 ERMSj Foreignj $3.85 per year. CHICAGO, SEPTEMBER, 1904. POSTERS IN BRITAIN. N improvement has been made in poster printing in the United Kingdom during the last twenty years. Letterpress bills have been modernized and made neater by the use of newer type, wider margins and improved machinery. Lithographic pla¬ cards, in mechanical perfection, have still further evolved. Designs, it is true, leave much to be desired. The movement that promised, two or three years ago, to revolutionize hoarding art has gone astray. Artistic aspirations have been slaughtered on the altars of economy and utility by men of no artistic perceptions. But broad and bold effects in inferior draftsmanship are still wanted, and the lithographer who can obtain dense and vivid coloring is still in fairly good demand. Subsidiary detail in the completest of pictorial placards is but crudely worked in. Everything is sacrificed to the usually thrilling central situation. Apart from imperfect efforts to resemble nature or the stage, there is the large class of bills advertising commodities. In these massivity, and of course perma¬ nence, are the desiderata. The bronze-blue must be of the bronziest, the reds must be over and over printed until the pigment stands thick on the paper, and the white ground must protrude in contrast in dazzling purity. In the production of such, our best lithogra¬ phers have little enough to learn. Their lettering, their proportioning and their coloring are good and their prices are not too high to drive trade out of the coun¬ try. In pictorial posters, British printers have already learned more from America perhaps than from the masters of our continent. What the Englishman has gathered has been chiefly the use of stipple to obtain those mellow effects, soft shades around contours, that have redeemed American posters that were not other¬ wise singular for excellence of production. On many recent occasions English observers have had the chance to admire American lithographs. A 6-3 year or two ago there was an invasion of stock posteris for local tradesmen’s use. These perpetuated many of the defects in drawing common to the fashion-plates of all countries, but they did convey some technical hints of skill. Some of these methods native printers of stock bills have already adopted, but without always achieving the mastery of method typical of the origi¬ nals. However, it is not only by such casual observa¬ tion as these bills or those brought by American theatrical companies afford that English lithographers are influenced. One at least of our leading poster¬ printing firms keeps open house for touring artists. If a lithograph designer from France or Germany or the States presents himself at Messrs. Stafford’s door, his worth is sure of a trial. He may not be allowed to stay, but of a chance to display ability he is reasonably certain. Other large firms follow the same practice, and the methods that these newcomers bring are assimi¬ lated with those already in use. Perhaps the custom is not unknown in America. It is one — our critics tell us — that Britons have been too slow to adopt. Expe¬ rience has helped to further this ready attention to whatever is new. One English firm which turned away an artist untried from its door had the mortifi¬ cation of learning that the man subsequently built up the business of its most formidable competitor, and earned a salary thereby of $7,000 per year. The printers who have thus welcomed the technical learn¬ ing of all comers would with equal gladness lend their aid to the different business of improving the quality of design. They would cooperate with the advertiser to make London’s hoardings more comparable with those of Paris. But the advertiser is prone to parsi¬ mony and he is burdened by the low idea of what con¬ stitutes the public taste. That is why our Hassalls or Beggarstaffs and Dudley Hardys are neglected, and why the anonymous are favored. If printers are to be praised and the proprietaries of patent commodities to be blamed, the billposter must 818 THE INLAND PRINTER also be reckoned with. He has had a considerable share in improving the hoardings that sometimes adorn our mainways. Fifty years ago his was a disreputable trade, carried on largely by stealth in the face of popu¬ lar indignation. It was no more respectable a vocation than pulling doorbells and running away. Now, bill¬ posting is on quite another plane. It engages some of the shrewdest heads in the business world, and the United Kingdom Billposters’ Association is a force to be reckoned with by printer, advertiser or public. Gradually the business of billposting has been regu¬ larized, sites for hoardings have been bought, durable A VICTIM OF THE FLOOD. Photo by J. B. Lee, Wichita, Kansas. and sightly constructions have- been erected and efforts have been made to keep the billboards in a creditable condition. This has been done apart from the Legis¬ lature. By taking trade matters boldly into their own hands and putting their business upon an orderly basis, the billposters of these islands have escaped the taxation and restriction measures common to most States of the Union. One of the best pieces of work done by this association has been the purging of the boards from all forms of objectionable quack medicine advertisements. Thus the tone of their medium was raised. Further than this, a censorship committee has been appointed which passes in review the more risky pictures that are sent for exhibition. Blood-curdling horrors, deeds of violence, scenes of carnage and the like atrocities, dear to the hearts of managers of tour¬ ing melodramas, are constantly condemned. If capable of amendment by over printing, such items as a smo¬ king revolver, a pool of blood, a gory dagger, are sen¬ tenced to elimination. Unless the fiat be complied with, the members of the association, standing firmly together, decline utterly to allow the objectionable placard to disgrace their properties. Against this decision theatrical managers beat their wings in vain. By forwarding a sketch of any doubtful picture, a verdict may be obtained before printing begins. Com¬ monly, in pursuit of a blind determination not to sub¬ mit to censorship, the manager gets his printing ready only to find, perhaps, that he can use it in no effective way. In return for their surveillance the censors gain the detestation of the baser sort of theatrical manager or the general approval of press and public. On the whole, there can be no doubt but' that the benevolent despotism of the censors is all for the weal of the poster trade. In the face of an almost universal con¬ demnation of the poster medium, the best class of advertisers could hardly be expected to make use of it. Thanks to the care exercised, the billboards of Britain are materially less offensive than the adver¬ tising columns of many newspapers, and in a growing measure manufacturers of edibles, sauces, soaps, drink¬ ables and so on are being encouraged to use posters. How beneficial that circumstance is to the printing trade is apparent. Being a relatively small country, it is not unusual for advertisers to enter upon national campaigns, covering the boards of every town and all urban districts and to make contracts for twelve months’ continuous display. In this way the billprinter and billposter are pro¬ vided with a fairly settled trade with regular custom¬ ers. It is not the aim of these customers to stifle and crowd out the bills of each other so much as to main¬ tain a constant reminder to the public of the goods wherein each deals. This also is to the good of the trade, for violent efforts designed to overshadow all other advertisements are apt to be spasmodic in their intervals. Billposters encourage the annual client by easier rates than are charged to those who use posters spasmodically and fitfully. Varying with the values of separate locations, rates for exhibition differ, but the association has its minimum scale of charges below which no member may go. Many members are themselves printers and many printers are share¬ holders in the legion of small, limited liability com¬ panies that have largely replaced the humble one-man billposting concerns. Furthermore, two members of the Censorship Committee are poster printers con¬ cerned chiefly with theatrical printing, and they are elected to that body by the theatrical-printing trade. Whether or no the present or any future censors may make bold to bell the cat or to insist upon a mini¬ mum of artistic merit in picture posters, makes an interesting speculation. Possibly artistry is too elusive a matter to be rough handled by censors. No set of men are better abused by art lovers in England than the Hanging Committee, which passes or rejects paint¬ ings proffered for the annual exhibition provided by our Royal Academy. Poster art has its devotees no less keen than those who follow the higher branch of painting. What these would say, were a picture of the modern continental style condemned, might make interesting reading. On the other hand, their remarks might provoke a flow of bad blood, and the good inten¬ tions of critics and censors might, perchance, lead only to mischief and the injury of trade. THE INLAND PRINTER 819 Written for The Inland Printer. THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE. NO. XI. — THE GRAMMAR OF VERBS. AN attempt to explain all variations in the use of verbs, so clearly and so fully that no one could challenge the result as insufficient, is not only beyond the intention here, but, for ordinary practical purposes, is needless. No feature of grammar can be too thor¬ oughly elucidated by special students, even from the utilitarian point of view ; but many true grammatical distinctions are inessential as aids to the correct use word used to say something about some person or thing.” Dictionary definitions of verbs are always given with the simplest form of the word, and the forms that are called “ principal parts ” (the variations to suit varying time) are given in brackets just before the definition. Thus, “ live,” “ lived,” and “ living ” as a mere form of the verb are all covered by the treatment of the first form, but the last is also entered and defined separately. For the sense of the bracketed forms con- suiters are expected to vary the definitions given by adding thereto the meaning of the suffix ed or ing. The varied forms are commonly treated separately THE ESCOLTA, MANILA’S PRINCIPAL BUSINESS STREET. Photo by Knight, Manila. of language. Even some of the most essential points are subject to dispute among authoritative gramma¬ rians, and of no part of speech is this truer than of the verb. A verb is a word used to express acting, being or existing, or undergoing action. Many definitions have been written, a very common one being “ a word that signifies to be, to act, or to be acted upon.” This is the one given by Goold Brown. William Dwight Whit¬ ney says a verb is “ a word that asserts or declares, and hence that can stand, alone or with other words, as the predicate of a sentence.” He also says : “ We can not describe a verb truly except by saying that it is a kind of word which goes with the name of something to declare, or help to declare, something about it. . . . . This can not be too much insisted on, as the defi¬ nitions given of a verb are often wholly erroneous.” The present writer does not know of any definitions wholly erroneous ; but one which is certainly not all it should be is William H. Maxwell’s : “ A verb is a when they have any meaning not very easily or clearly recognized as mere variation, as when one of them has a regular adjective or noun sense, without the idea of action that characterizes verbs. In dividing verbs into classes, most grammarians have carried the distinguishing habit beyond the bounds of practical need, and many have in this way rather confused than elucidated the subject. Goold Brown divides verbs into four classes according to form — regular, irregular, redundant and defective. Of these, the last two are certainly unnecessary, because they are simply irregular in a specified way. Thomas W. Har¬ vey and others are more sensible ; they give only the two classes regular and irregular, these words referring to system in inflection. Brown divides the words into four classes according to use — active transitive, active intransitive, passive, and neuter. But those he calls passive are mainly considered transitive, and only a long and hard study can decide whether a certain verb would belong to his neuter class or not, and there 820 THE INLAND PRINTER would be no gain in knowing. It affects understanding and usage not a whit whether a verb is or is not neuter. The one useful distinction is between transitive and intransitive. It is the one that is now made by all our dictionaries, and it is one that many writers for dic¬ tionaries do not find easy to make. But even this notes merely a difference in the manner of use, many words being used in both ways. A verb is transitive when its action has an object expressed, or passes over to something. Transitive means passing over. In saying that “ action has an object,” the verb has is transitive ; action does the having, and an object is what it has. In saying that “ only study can decide whether a verb belongs to his neuter class or not,” decide is transitive ; study does the deciding, and “ whether a verb belongs to his neuter class or not ” is what is decided. A verb is intransitive when its action has no object expressed, even if the action must be understood to be exercised upon something. In saying that “ study decides whether a verb belongs to a class or not,” belongs is intransitive ; its action is complete in itself, and the only object is that of the preposition. If the sentence said, “ This question must be decided, and only study can decide,” decided would be transitive and decide intransitive ; in the latter case no object is expressed, and the actual saying terminates with the action. A striking example of the difficulty experienced by some persons in distinguishing transitive and intransi¬ tive verbs is this, from a good grammar text-book by Robert C. and Thomas Metcalf : “ An intransitive verb is often followed by a noun similar in meaning to the verb ; as, ‘ He ran a race.’ Such a noun is regarded as the object of the verb.” In fact, the noun is the object, and so the verb is transitive. But this verb may be so used with a noun following that it is really intransitive. It is so in “ He ran a mile,” which does not mean that anything was done to a thing called a mile, but that the person ran until he had reached a point a mile away. The main practical usefulness of this classifying dis¬ tinction is in its guidance in consulting the dictionary. Lexicographers used to treat verbs as active and neuter. Now all dictionaries define them in the classes transi¬ tive and intransitive. The two relationships of acting or doing and of being acted upon are called voices — the active voice and the passive voice. Some grammarians assert that English grammar does not need, these terms, and it seems to be a well-founded assertion if slightly modi¬ fied. Verbs in a certain use are active, and in another passive, whether we call the difference one of voice or not. When we say “ John wrote a letter,” we express action by John, which means that John was active, and “ active ” is a good distinguishing word for this rela¬ tion. When we say “A letter was written by John,” we make the same assertion in an opposite way, by speak¬ ing of the letter first, as being subjected to action, not as acting, and “ passive ” is the word for this relation. Many grammarians include voice among the modi¬ fications of the verb. William H. Maxwell says: “ Only transitive verbs are inflected for voice.” J. M. D. Meiklejohn says : “ Verbs are changed or modified for voice, mood, tense, number, and person.” It is a matter of comparatively slight importance, but the present writer would not say that any verb is either inflected or modified for voice ; it seems sufficient that, used as instanced above, some are active and some are passive. Goold Brown says : “ These terms [active voice and passive voice] are borrowed from the Latin and Greek grammars, and, except as serving to diversify expression, are of little or no use in English grammar. Some grammarians deny that there is any propriety in them with respect to any language.” And in the Cen¬ tury Dictionary we read : “In English there is no dis¬ tinction of voices ; every verb is active, and a passive meaning belongs only to certain verb-phrases, made with the help of an auxiliary.” (To be continued.) Written for The Inland Printer. DISPLAY COMPOSITION. VI. — CAPITALS, LOWER-CASE AND ITALIC. HE derivation or original purpose of our com¬ mon roman letters lies underneath the strata of present every-day use, just as the Roman Forum to-day lies under the level of the streets of the modern city of Rome. When we dig into the subject of capitals, lower-case and italic we not only find that their former uses have been abandoned largely, but we are likely to turn up in our excavations a good many dogmatic opin¬ ions and traditional practices of intermediate invention, which have lain long in the field of typographical work and are deeply rooted. Should these opinions and practices seem to us pro¬ ductive of the best results in composition, by all means let us cherish them and be thankful that their roots are already deep so that their continuance is thus the bet¬ ter assured. But if we find that they actually stand in the way of what is more desirable, let us not revere them for their antiquity or for the deference that others give them, but let us have the courage to straightway cut them out. It will not do for us to take either of two extreme positions ; one, that what has been practiced in the past is proved right for all time ; and the other, that what¬ ever is old is necessarily out of order, so that all must be made over. Indeed, the basis of what is really good printing still remains pretty firmly fixed upon the lines laid down by the “ Old Masters.” To be sure, where conditions have changed we have abundant right to depart from their conclusions, but where centuries of use have attested the value of certain conventions or principles of their adoption we should not be icono¬ clasts. In the first place, the capital was the letter of Latin inscriptions, cut in stone upon walls and arches of the THE INLAND PRINTER 821 Roman cities. The letter has a simplicity and dignity which well fits it for this use, and we hail it eagerly to¬ day for titles or headings. With its frequently repeating vertical stems and a strict maintenance of parallel lines, in large lettered title it well suits the rectangular page of a book, just as it was well adapted in the first place to architectural facades erected by plumb and level. But we notice that when several lines of capitals are placed close together, as is the case with the interior lines of Fig. i, there is a tendency in the rhythm of repeating stems and the unvarying horizontal parallels to carry the eye along without really disclosing the words themselves. This ROMAN CAPS CROWNED THE HEADS THAT RAISED INSCRIPTIONS TO RECORD THE VICTORIES OF S P O R Fig. i. is even more strongly shown in Fig. 2, where capitals have been used as a body letter. The effect is good, but the reading is not easy. The derivation of our roman minuscule (or lower¬ case letter)* is from certain of the rounder, clearer styles of penned letters used in the manuscripts that preceded printing. Recognized as having marked char¬ acteristics by which they could be easily distinguishable one from another, these letters were accepted with increasing appreciation. By their use, words could be recognized more quickly, the long projecting stems (“ascenders” and “descenders”) of certain of them being as helpful to the eye as the index finger on a crossroad sign, the frankly varying widths assisting also, with all the more peculiar points, such as the forms f, g, k, t, etc., in increasing the individuality of words. After the Roman stonecutter’s majuscule (or capi¬ tal letter) was wedded to the penman’s minuscule (our lower-case letter), a closer fitting, slanting type letter was invented to economize space, and this has been made to serve since by its contrast with the erect roman, to mark changes or distinctive portions in the text. Thus we find in our hands to-day, capitals, lower¬ case letters and italic letters, together making up the complement of a font of any common face of type, par¬ ticularly of roman. What use then shall we make of these elements of the font? Naturally, if there is no argument against it, we follow precedent. * In this lesson, as in previous lessons, our examples are chosen mainly from composition in old-style roman, because that is a face employed for all sorts of work and used at the present time in this country more commonly than any other. It is a thoroughly typical type, and one most easy and satisfactory to use for experiments and examples. In practical work of the most conservative character (i. e., using the minimum of display) we observe the following uses of these three classes of letters : Capitals alone are used effectively and legibly for titles or headings. CIjc Craftsman jfalirits Fig. 2. Lower-case letters with capitals for the first letters of important words, are used for titles and headings. Small capitals are used with capitals, in the same manner as lower-case, for titles and headings. Small capitals are used for the remainder of a word begun with an initial letter. 3 Love Not 1 TOO MANY FACES 4 Even Solomon Failed e when he 5 Set His Heart ? upon a 2 PLURALITY OF FAVORITES Fig. 3. The capitals of script, black-letters, and other ornate styles are seldom effectively used alone. (See first and last lines of Fig. 2.) In the midst of text matter, lower-case with the first letters of important words capitalized is considered more emphatic than lower-case alone. 822 THE INLAND PRINTER In the midst of text matter, italic lower-case is con¬ sidered more emphatic than roman lower-case, small capitals more emphatic than italic lower-case, full cap¬ itals more emphatic than small capitals. The foregoing? are accepted without dispute as most proper in composition. And there is no reason why, OKLAHOMA LOUISIANA PURCHASE EXPOSITION ILLUSTRATED SOUVENIR VOLUME OF THE RESOURCES OF THE TERRITORY PORTRAITS OF OKLAHOMA’S REPRESENTATIVE MEN Fig. 4- as rules of conventional typography, they should not be continued and respected. But modern work has dis¬ covered other values in the various kinds of letters of a font and is inclined to add to their duties. For instance, as we see capitals, lower-case letters, italic letters and combinations of these set in lines one over another, as in Fig. 3. we recognize, of course, that roman capitals are larger and bolder than italic capitals ; also that roman lower-case letters are really stronger than italic lower-case letters, the former being full and open while the latter are, of course, slanting and com¬ pact. Line 1 of Fig. 3 is obviously stronger typograph¬ ically than line 2, line 4 stronger than line 5, line 6 than line 7. Therefore, we have amended the conventional progression of emphasis, which consisted merely of italic, small capitals and full capitals (indicated in copy by single, double or triple underscoring) , to include all the practicable variations of the font’s characters. This enables us to keep from the mixture of strange types of other cases and assists in harmony. Display enlists all possible forces. It declares its right to use any possible typographic effect that will bring out the meaning of the copy in hand and prove to be an attractive arrangement of type. Therefore it delights in available contrasts such as we have in Fig. 3. It is not claimed, however, that Fig. 3 is a specimen of good composition, for in the first place seven changes in seven lines transgresses the principle of restraint which saves display from confusion, and in the second place, the great number of small differences is not rest¬ ful or agreeable to the eye. When we come to the point of how capitals, lower¬ case and italic are to be treated for the most artistic results in composition, we find diversity of opinion. Although by virtue of long association they are practi¬ cally akin, and have a family resemblance that enables them always to be recognized as having relationship, this does not mean that they can be mixed together indiscriminately with no friction. Being of human derivation they have human limitations. In fact, there are those who say that capital lines and lower-case lines should never be brought together in display, particular!}’ in title-pages or uncrowded National Electrical Machinery Catalogue No. 60 Alternating Current Machinery for Lighting, Power and Railway Service National Electric Company Milwaukee, U. S. A. Fig. 5. advertisements, where there is plenty of white space and few lines. It is true that the use of all capitals, as in Fig. 4, assists in producing perhaps the most harmo¬ nious and dignified composition, and that the use of lower-case, as in Fig. 5, is consistent and attractive to a high degree, though not so appropriate for reasons of derivation and harmony as that of the full capitals. THE INLAND PRINTER 823 But, on the other hand, there are sometimes diffi¬ culties in getting the proper degree of emphasis upon lines, or, rather, contrast between lines, unless a com¬ positor resorts to the differences of capital and lower¬ case, or roman and italic. He who insists upon all capi¬ tals or all lower-case is a purist. He aims for a very correct and chaste form of composition, but sacrifices the wider choice of media, and in some cases the clearer presentation of the matter. This, from the standpoint TELEPHONE EXCHANGE DIRECTORY Connecting Long-Distance Toll Line Stations DEVILS LAKE IMPROVE MENT COMPANY Fig 6. of a printer who keeps near the advertiser and appre¬ ciates his demand for the greatest possible assistance from type, is a backward step. It seems as if the “ eclectic ” school of composition, which uses capitals with sometimes a little lower-case (Fig. 6), and lower-case with sometimes a few lines of capitals (Fig. 7), sacrifices nothing and still maintains CANDY Given away with every purchase Olympia Candy he Modern Marketplace is the Modern Magazine in Atlantic Monthly for January Today the marketplace of the world is in the pages of McCLURE’S MAGAZINE S S McCLURE COMPANY Fig. 8. a very dignified style of composition. This style of work retains the stronger contrasts and at the same time does not shatter the idea of harmony, for we -must certainly admit that in even the composition of book pages, capital, lower-case and italic have long been used together without great offense. It would possibly be well to establish a rule that cap¬ ital lines should seldom be subordinated to lower-case lines. That is, when the chief line in the display is in lower-case, supporting or subordinate lines should be lower-case also, unless there is some matter set in type of smaller body which is nevertheless important enough to have the right to assume a contrast with the chief line ; then capitals may safely appear. Fig. 8 shows a two-line title in lower-case at the head of an advertisement, with the name of a magazine in capitals below. As this is an advertisement of the magazine, the name properly assumes a position approaching equality and at the same time makes a con¬ trast with the heading. Fig. 9 flagrantly transgresses the principle involved in the suggested rule, for “ London, W.” has no appar¬ ent right to be capitalized while the heading of the page remains in lower-case. Again, in Fig. 10 it would seem that if the top line must stand in lower-case, it is pre¬ sumption for so many other display lines to appear in capitals. Capitals have an innate dignity which lower-case letters lack. They are older; they are traced genea¬ logically from proud Rome ; they are aristocrats. The lower-case letters are of the masses, the working class, so to speak ; the most useful, yet not the natural leaders. They do not grace important posts with the same facil¬ ity as capitals, and with the “ majuscules ” or majors these lower-case letters or “ minuscules ” certainly appear at a disadvantage except as attendant letters. But it is possible to increase the importance of capital lines by the proximity of lower-case lines, and for this reason one class should not be banished from the pres- 824 THE INLAND PRINTER ence of the other. They are practically of one face and font. The mixture of italic with roman in display ought to follow the same regulations, whatever they are, that we impose upon capitals and lower-case. Italic, though it is sometimes accepted as the mark of emphasis within roman, is such only by contrast. Roman becomes the The Craftsman THREE MONTHS FOR 25 CENTS This opportunity is given to new subscribers and for a limited time only, in order to extend the influence of “The Craftsman,” which has already made a favor- The object of the magazine is to further the interests of the fine, decorative, and household arts ; to advance the cause of the workman in all that pertains to his social advancement, comfort, and instruction ; to deal with the economic and industrial problems of the day. VOLUMES I. AND II. Bound in flexible covers of UNITED CRAFTS accorded to former editions. Price. Three Dollars Each. Carriage Paid. THE UNITED CRAFTS BOX NUMBER 2, SYRACUSE, N. Y. Fig. io. mark of emphasis when italic is used as the body letter. Roman is naturally the stronger face and in display it should be to italic what the capital is to the lower-case letter. There is no good reason why with these few con¬ siderations, one for another, held simply in recognition of comparative size and diversity of character, the family of roman-italic letters should not get on together. If either capital or lower-case may work out a design alone, well and good; if either roman or italic unas¬ sisted can carry a display satisfactorily, well and good ; but if the task is heavy or confusing for any one of these, then let the others help. (To be continued.) GOOD, BETTER, BEST. Inclosed please find remittance by postoffice money order for the best trade journal on earth — The Inland Printer. No, I do not want to miss any numbers, because I could not run an ideal country newspaper without it. Since being in business for myself I have not found much time for even recreation, but I take my “I. P.” and enjoy myself by the hour, after business hours. It seems impossible to make the best any better, but that is what you are doing with The Inland Printer.— 7. Ortvill Wood , Morgantown, Indiana. Written for The Inland Printer. SLUG 6 ON ARTISTIC HANDWORK. WHEN I hear them old-timers cussing the machine,” said Slug 6, “ I feel like telling them something. Some time ago I went to the wake of an old friend and stayed to the funeral ; by the time I had paid for the carriage and one thing and another I landed home without a sou, and my board bill up in the air. Next morning I showed up at the foundry looking pretty rocky, and Tom told me I had better take another day and brace up. I was not feel¬ ing very good and didn’t like the way he spoke nor the idea of bumming around all day in the rain. I started to walk home, and a couple of blocks up the street spotted a sign ‘ Job Printer Wanted,’ and in I goes. From the way the boss cross-examined me, I first thought he was going to offer me about forty plunks per, but I soon saw it was hot air, and told him my digital dexterity in typographical technicalities was astounding, and sent ’em back right over the plate every time. He told me to peel off and he wanted to give me a trial, so he hands me a pan and a hunk of straight nonp. that would be good for fifteen or twenty minutes on the Merg. I fell down on the first line, because half the holes in the case had nothing in them and there was not enough mats, in the magazine to set the headline, and I had to chase around and pull sorts ; because it ain’t like the machine, where you can sit down and wait till they come around. You have to hot foot after them yourself in artistic business. The layout of the case must have been invented by a con¬ genital imbecile in a paroxysm of mental aberration. When you reach for an ‘ x ’ you get a ‘ k ’ or something else. The keys are all mixed up, and when you do hit the right hole there’s no telling what you’ll get out of it. I had a peach of a time. The type was all over stove-polish — slippery as an eel — and every letter I landed in the assembler knocked another down, and when the line was full it had to be all justified by hand, because there’s no spaceband driver to the stick, and if you was not awful careful you got a back squirt every time. I dropped a lot of them on the floor and observed to one of the boys that if I had a bigger stick I could catch them better. He replied that a basket would probably do me more good. The hod keeps getting heavier every minute. “ The iron comp, sends up each line as it is set, and you don’t have to hold a pan to catch them in, either. But that would be too easy for the Chinamen who work at case. They would think that they were not earning their money if they didn’t sweat good. “ A little consumptive, weighing about ninety-five pounds, that worked next to me said these hand artists who set case type by hand were men of independent means, and could stay at home and starve if they wished, but they preferred to come down there and reduce their weight by hand typesetting to exercising THE INLAND PRINTER 825 in a gymnasium, and that their share of the gate money was a secondary consideration. “ I got my stick full at last, but the metal was cold and the ejector stuck, and in trying to force her a little I sent a lot of it into the pi channel. Of course, the umpire in watching the play had to be right behind me, and I thought he’d rule me out, but he let me hold “ Did you ever see a potato race at a picnic? Well, that’s the way to do artistic printing by hand. Every type-snatcher grabs his pan and starts off with a rush, and claws up the type he needs from the different cases as he goes along and hand-spaces every line with his fingers, and if it don’t suit he has to throw it in by hand, because he can’t send it up short. They run queen’s ROAD, CENTRAL, HONG KONG, CHINA. Public Market at left, Victoria Peak in distance. Photo by Knight, Manila. my base. Setting type by hand out of a case may be artistic, but it is hard work, and before I had got that take up my slats ached, my ridge pole was bent and my underpinning giving away, while I had an ingrown toe-nail on each finger from banging against the boxes. “ I meant to quit at noon, if I lived that long ; but one of the boys told me that I had a case and a half in and that if I stuck it out and got canned the guy would pay me off in spot cash ; otherwise I would have to wait a week for my dough. Say ; three cases are a consideration when you are stone-broke, so I rested up a little at noon and started in at a mild canter that I thought I could keep up all the afternoon, but you ought to have seen the artists hustling. two heats a day, and the winner of each heat is entitled to enter for the next day’s race until qualified for the final, which comes off at the cemetery, where he is permitted to rest amid floral decorations if his friends have the price. I tell you it is exciting. “ Because I didn’t set fast enough, the boss gave me something to throw in. If setting type, by hand is fierce, distributing is worse — jiggling a tottering tower of wet mats, in one mit and looking for cases with the other. No font distinguisher and no dingus to do nothing for you ; got to do it all yourself. 1 just held my fist over the emptiest hole in the case when I was transferring, and if anything got away from my clutches it went where it was most needed. 826 THE INLAND PRINTER I kept hustling till five o’clock and began to think about quitting, but one of the boys said that was a five-furlong sprint, and we had to work till six. That was a solar plexus for your life ■ — me hanging on the ropes, expecting to go to the mat for the count any time, and another round to go ; but I had to get my end of the purse, so I gets a chair and plants myself right down before the bin and keeps right on throwing in. Just before six the boss comes down the line and handed me a bouquet of long green and some small change, at the same time telling me I need not come around in the morning. I felt so tickled at pulling in carfare and lunch money that by way of apology I said I was afraid I hadn’t thrown in a deuce of a lot. ‘ And a darned good job, too,’ he howled, ‘ because you have been dumping it into the wrong case.’ “ I don’t want any more of your artwork by hand in mine, because the less money you get the more hours you have to put in and the harder you have to work, and if anybody says anything about the patented printer they can have a debate with me. “ The next morning I shows up at the foundry again and Tom told me to get busy as he had a big bunch of copy in. You can bet I have been on the water-wagon ever since, as I don’t want to take no more chances of getting back into that ‘ also ran ’ class.” Written for The Inland Printer. NEW AND INGENIOUS USES OF THE TYPO¬ GRAPHIC NUMBERING MACHINE.* BY GEORGE SHERMAN. H ERETOFORE the typographic numbering ma¬ chine has been looked upon as an improvement with but limited uses. Even the constant user of these machines recognizes within them the possibility only of printing and numbering consecutively. It is true that the makers of typographic numbering machines are producing special machines for special purposes. These may be classified as follows : Ma¬ chines to skip i, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, g or 10 numbers at each impression ; machines to print one number any number of times and then advance automatically to the next higher number; machines to number backward from any number down to 1 ; machines made to number 100 to 1 or 1 to 100 and repeat, and machines for cash- sales books to number from 1 to 10 and repeat. Besides these special machines, which are made regularly by the manufacturers, other and various combinations can be put into these devices by special order. To produce each one of these results, however, requires a special machine in each instance. Under these circumstances, to thoroughly equip himself for every emergency, the numbering specialist would be compelled to make an immense outlay, as the price of a single machine for special work sometimes reaches more than $100. * All rights reserved. The writer is a “ numbering specialist,” and has spent years in the perfection of a sectional numbering machine wherein each unit is a movable type. Close alliance with all makes of machines through years of experience in ticket printing has brought me in contact with almost every numbering requirement. It would be impossible, even in an entire issue of The Inland Printer, to faithfully detail the wonder¬ ful possibilities within the standard $15 consecutive- numbering machine. I will, therefore, dwell briefly upon a few practical and profitable uses unknown to the trade in general. With a little ingenuity all of the special numbering enumerated in the beginning of this article can be accomplished with the most ordinary machine on the market. Almost every practical combination can be a ; No. 2300 ! h/i/m&enng A'luchine made with the press running at high speed and without once moving the numerals with the fingers. In these days of numbered printing the problems confronted are many and various, and, in most cases, where the numbering is anything but consecutive, the usual method is a resort to the hand-numbering ma¬ chine. One of the most frequent jobs of odd number¬ ing is the cash-sales slip. The requirement in this class of work is to print one number any number of times and then advance automatically to the next higher number. To illustrate how easily this may be done with an ordinary consecutive machine we will presume that the THE INLAND PRINTER 827 order calls for seventy-five pads of cash-sales slips, each pad to contain ioo slips. The slips of the first pad are to be numbered 23, and then, from there up to 98, making seventy-five pads. I will illustrate the methods applicable to special num¬ bering with single forms, although the schemes are applicable when running any number on. Lock up the type and numbering machine as though it were an ordinary case of consecutive numbering and set the machine to start at 2300, as illustrated in Fig. 1. Fig. 2. By attaching an obliterating tongue or frisket “A” to the grippers so that it will cover the units and tens wheel during the process of printing, you will be ready to proceed. It is at once evident that 100 sheets will have been printed as No. 23 before No. 24 will appear on the slip, and so on, without stopping the press, until the entire edition of seventy-five pads is completed. Should the order call for pads of but ten slips, then the tongue should be arranged to engage the units wheel only, with the result that one number will be printed Ta/igi/e I No. 789 25 ! j ‘ /Vz/mhering Ma^h/ne " 1 I Fig. 3- ten times before there is an advance to the next higher number. In order to insure stability, the frisket tongue should be made from a piece of copper hair-space with a thin piece of cloth glued to its under side. The cloth will prevent unusual wear on the numeral wheels. Fig. 2 more fully illustrates the frisket arrangement. The band “ B,” which is attached to the grippers, should be made of tin, with an opening cut through a portion of its length “ C,” which will permit of fasten¬ ing the copper tongues at any position with small rivets. Fig. 3 illustrates a variation in the use of the frisket tongue with entirely different results. Here it is the intention to print and number from 1 to 10, 1 to 100, or 1 to 1000 and repeat. Special numbering of this kind is in frequent demand and is applicable to receipt and order books, tickets printed in series and innumerable miscellaneous jobs. In Fig. 3 the position of the tongue produces the effect of numbering from 1 to 100 and repeat. By obliterating the printed impression of the plunger (No.), the ten thousands, the thousands and the hundreds wheels with the copper' tongue as pre¬ viously described, it is easily seen that if the machine was set at 00001 at the outset, the resulting printed impressions will be a continuation of 1 to 00. There¬ fore, if the job consisted of 100 lots of blanks, each to be printed and numbered from 1 to 100, entailing 10000 impressions, there would finally be 100 lots com¬ pleted from 1 to 99, leaving 100 single sheets num¬ bered 00. Bv locking up a figure I and printing it in front of the 00 on these 100 sheets, the entire job will be finished by merely making 100 extra impressions. In numbering from 1 to 10 and repeat, the tongue must cover every¬ thing but the units wheel, and in numbering from 1 to 1000 and repeat, only the three right-hand figures must be revealed. [Editor's Note. — Next month’s continuation of this article will show how it is possible to print any figure any number of times and then progress to the next higher figure at will with¬ out stopping the press ; how to number and skip with an ordi¬ nary machine; printing and numbering a form of tickets (two on), using but three machines and simultaneously producing the individual number and the series number, practically pro¬ gressing at each impression one number, with a change in the series at each 100 impressions.] (To be continued .) Written for The Inland Printer. GOVERNMENT NEWSPAPERS AND MAGAZINES. BY ARTHUR F. BLOOMER. NO. II. — PATENT OFFICE PERIODICALS* F these there are two, but one of which, the Official Gazette, a weekly, would be of interest to the public, and that only to those who are interested in new inventions. In the production of this nearly one hun¬ dred printers, counting compositors and proofreaders, are engaged. The issue being reviewed, that for May 3, 1904, contains 335 quarto pages, executed by the pho¬ tolithographic process, the type being English, of which proofs are taken, pasted into pages, with the drawings of the inventions inserted, and reduced to nonpareil by photography. The text comprises the portion of the patent technically known as the “ claim,” that being the soul of the patent, the remainder being merely descrip¬ tive matter. This issue contains the drawings and claims of 613 patents, 12 designs, 44 trade-marks, 28 labels, 1 print, and 2 reissues of patents. The “ de¬ signs ” shown are for “ Medallion or similar article,” “ Badge or similar article,” “ Picture frame,” “ Handle for spoons, etc.,” “ Plaque,” “ Smoker’s set,” “ Paper 828 THE INLAND PRINTER weight,” “ Font of type,” “ Tiling,” “ Lavatory,” etc. The trade-marks range from arbitrary trade names like “ Rajah,” “ Flaxo,” “ Oilette,” “ Oilcloteen,” etc., to a picture of a negro holding an angry cat by the tail, the latter being for chewing tobacco. The “ prints ” are usually arbitrarily chosen pictures for advertising pur¬ poses. The number also contains the decisions of the Commissioner of Patents in contested cases for the contained in the last two numbers bearing the follow¬ ing titles : Labor Unions and British Industry, by A. Maurice Low. Land Values and Ownership in Philadelphia, by A. F. Davies. Course of Wholesale Prices, 1890-1903. The Union Movement Among Coal Mine Workers, by Frank Julian Warne, Ph.D. Agreements Between Employers and Employes. THE WATERFRONT AT CANTON, CHINA. (Sampans [boats] crowded together in foreground.) Photo by Knight, Manila. week and indexes of the patentees and inventions of the same period. The Official Gazette is mailed to sub¬ scribers by the Patent Office for $5 per year. The “Alphabetical Lists of Patentees and Inven¬ tions ” is issued bimonthly, being what its title indi¬ cates, and it is a quarto making some two hundred pages of nonpareil, depending on the number of patents granted. BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR. This is a bimonthly of from 220 to 250 pages, of which the “ Contents ” give the best idea, the articles Digest of Recent Reports of State Bureaus of Labor Sta¬ tistics: Maryland; Michigan; North Carolina; Ohio; Rhode Island ; Virginia. Reports of State Boards of Arbitration. Digest of Recent Foreign Statistical Publications. Decisions of Courts Affecting Labor. Laws of Various States Relating to Labor Enacted Since January 1, 1896. As may be seen from the above, there is much mat¬ ter of interest in this bimonthly to those who wish to keep in touch with the labor question, and here one gets it uncolored by the passions of either capitalist or laborer. Besides the Bulletin, the Bureau issues an THE INLAND PRINTER 829 annual report of over one thousand two hundred pages, going with more detail into the statistics of labor. All the publications of the Bureau may be had on applica¬ tion to the Commissioner of Labor, Department of Commerce and Labor, “ without money and without price.” COPYRIGHT CATALOGUE. The Copyright Office of the Library of Congress issues weekly a Catalogue of Title Entries of Books and Other Articles entered in the Office of the Register of Copyrights, Library of Congress, at Washington, D. C., under the copyright law,' wherein the copyright has been completed by the deposit of two copies — a long enough title, surely. Its contents are divided into — A. Books: (i) Books Proper; (2) Miscellaneous; (3) Newspaper and Magazine Articles. B. Periodicals. C. Musical Compositions. D. Dramatic Compositions. E. Maps and Charts. F. Engravings, Cuts and Prints. G. Chromos and Lithographs. H. Photographs. I. Fine Arts (a list of the photographs deposited with applications for copyright of paintings, drawings, statuary and models or designs intended to be perfected as works of the fine arts). The copy under review contains 148 pages, set in brevier half measure, the number of pages being gov¬ erned, of course, by the amount of business the Copy¬ right Office has done, which, in turn, depends upon the number of applications for copyright made, for I believe the office does not go out and solicit trade — in fact, it has a monopoly of all the trade there is in its peculiar line. The subscription price of the Catalogue is $5 per year, and the Treasury Department will take your subscription. CATALOGUE OF UNITED STATES PUBLIC DOCUMENTS. The Catalogue of United States Public Documents is a monthly issued by the Superintendent of Docu¬ ments, Government Printing-office, the number before me consisting of 156 pages. It contains the usual cata¬ logue description of every publication issued from the Government Printing-office during the month and the prices of those which are for sale by the Superintend¬ ent. The titles are arranged under headings showing the department of the Government from which emana¬ ting and subheaded to show from which of the minor subdivisions of those departments. It is gotten up in the gloomily peculiar style affected by cataloguers, the result either of collusion or astoundingly similar men¬ tal characteristics, by which the ordinary use of capital letters is ignored and hideous and inscrutable abbre¬ viation and punctuation are indulged in. It is issued unbound and without cover at the low price of $1.10 per annum, by money order payable to the Superintend¬ ent of Documents. CROP REPORTER. This is an eight-page monthly quarto, three columns to the page, and it has a funny little ornate head that would not have looked out of place forty years ago. It is devoted principally to the crops and prospects of crops of the United States and foreign countries, but deals with a wide range of topics, as a few of the titles of articles will indicate : Crop Conditions on April 1, 1904. Cotton Schedule for May 26. The Cotton Situation April 1, 1904. Coffee Consumption in the United States. Crop Statistics of Argentina. Range of Prices of Agricultural Products. Brazilian Cotton Crop. Condition of Farm Animals. Foreign Crop Report. Cotton-growing in the British Empire. Cultivation of Cotton in Argentina. The 1903 Crops of the Northwest Territories of Canada. The 1903-4 Rice Crop of British India. The 1902 Crops of Mexico. The Beet-sugar Crop of the United States. Vegetable Fibers in the United States. Total Visible Supplies of Grain, etc. All communications regarding the Crop Reporter should be addressed to the Statistician, Department of Agriculture, Washington, D. C. A LIGHTHOUSE MONTHLY. The copy before me of this 100-page quarto bears the full title “ List of Lights, Buoys, and Daymarks on the Pacific Coast of the United States,” which com¬ prises the twelfth and thirteenth lighthouse districts, and it is issued by the Lighthouse Board, Department of Commerce and Labor. It contains copies of the laws of the United States and of the States of California, Oregon, and Washington on the subject, besides lists of the various guides to navigation in those waters, with full descriptions of their character. Other issues give similar information as to other coasts and waters. A note at the head of the title-page says : “ A copy of this list will be sent free of charge to any shipmaster on application to the office of the Light¬ house Board, Department of Commerce and Labor, Washington, D. C.” EXPERIMENT STATION RECORD. This is an octavo monthly of 1 12 pages, issued from the Office of Experiment Stations, Department of Agri¬ culture, and is a resume of the operations of the agri¬ cultural experiment stations, of which every State and Territory has one and several two or more. In the April number there are “ Editorial Notes,” with arti¬ cles on “A Respiratory Calorimeter for Farm Animals,” “ Rural Economics as a Department of Agricultural Education,” and “ Instruction in Rural Economics in European Countries.” An article on “ Recent Work in Agricultural Science,” “ Notes,” and “ Subject List of Abstracts ” comprise the remainder of the number, the latter being abstracts of scientific articles on all sub¬ jects connected with agriculture appearing' in Ameri¬ can and Foreign publications. The Experiment Station Record is supplied by the Superintendent of Documents, Office of the Public 830 THE INLAND PRINTER Printer, Washington, D. C., at io cents a copy or $i per year. There are a number of leaflets issued monthly and bimonthly by the Agricultural Department, which, being merely catalogues of publications ready for dis¬ tribution, are scarcely worthy of being dignified by the term “ periodicals.” INDEX OF SPECIAL MILITARY SUBJECTS. A War Department quarterly with the lengthy name, Index of Special Military Subjects contained in may be procured, but a letter to the Secretary of the Treasury would probably bring the information and the Decisions. REAPPRAISEMENTS OF MERCHANDISE BY U. S. GENERAL APPRAISERS. This is another Treasury weekly of sixteen quarto pages, and its mission also is fairly well indicated by its title, consisting of statements of reappraisements at the customhouses, and it is of no interest to any one but the importers immediately concerned. imH nature’s mirror. Photo by A. A. Forbes, Bishop, California. Books, Pamphlets, and Periodicals received in the Mili¬ tary Information Bureau, Office of the Chief of Staff, War Department, contains but nineteen octavo pages besides its title, and is a catalogue of all the papers, in all the principal European languages, on military sub¬ jects which have come to that division. It is useful only to those who keep in close touch with all that pertains to military matters. AN ENGINEER CORPS QUARTERLY. A quarto quarterly of thirty-two pages, entitled Statement Showing Rank, Duties and Addresses of the Officers of the Corps of Engineers, U. S. Army, is just what is purported by its title. It would not prove absorbing to any but the officers themselves and their friends. ANOTHER BUREAU OF STATISTICS MONTHLY. Exports of Domestic Breadstuffs, Provisions, Cot¬ ton, and Mineral Oils from Principal Customs Districts of the United States” is a quarto, issued once a month, and is composed entirely of tabular statements, the number under inspection making fourteen pages. Like other Bureau of Statistics publications, it is sent free for the asking. TREASURY DECISIONS. The full title of this Treasury weekly is Treasury Decisions Under the Tariff, Internal-Revenue, and Other Lazvs, and this explains pretty fully what it is. The copy before me consists of sixty-five pages of octavo, and the decisions are arranged under the head¬ ings “Customs,” “General Appraisers,” and “ Internal Revenue.” It does not appear in the publication how it CHANGES IN THE OFFICERS AND RESERVE AGENTS OF NATIONAL BANKS, ETC. Still another Treasury weekly, dealing with the affairs of national banks. It is a twelve-page quarto, and undoubtedly the officers of banks and the fiscal agents of the Government generally find it of engross¬ ing interest. CASH IN THE TREASURY. This is a daily statement issued by the Secretary of the Treasury, consisting of four quarto pages, of which but two are used to show the amount of cash in the Treasury each day. SPECIAL ORDERS. This is a War Department daily, showing the orders issued each day concerning army officers — leave of absence, changes of station, transfers, etc. The copy before me consists of four i2mo pages, but its size is determined by the amount of business transacted. DIPLOMATIC LIST. This is a State Department monthly, showing the members of foreign legations and the ladies attached to them, with the locations of the embassies. It has a deli¬ cate robin’s-egg blue cover and probably is more for social than official uses. SOME WAR DEPARTMENT MONTHLIES. Army List and Directory — Officers of the Army of the United States, is a seventy-six-page quarto con¬ taining the name and rank of every officer in the Army, from Theodore Roosevelt, Commander-in-Chief, to the youngest second lieutenant, with the arm of the service THE INLAND PRINTER 831 to which attached. It can be procured only of the Superintendent of Documents, Office of the Public Printer, Washington, D. C., at io cents a copy or $i per year. Monthly Station List of the Officers of the Pay Department, United States Army, is a four-page octavo, its business in life being indicated by its title. Roster of the Subsistence Department, U. S. Army, is another four-page octavo leaflet, whose mission is also explained by its title-page. Roster Showing Stations and Duties of Officers of the Quartermaster’s Department, U. S. Army, makes eight pages, same size, and tells its business in its name. Stoppage Circular, four octavo pages, is undoubt¬ edly extremely interesting to the officers whose pay is stopped and very useful to the paymasters whose busi¬ ness it is to do the stopping. It does not particularize why pay is stopped, but does give information as to whose orders cause the stoppage. Enlistments for the Line of the Army is an eight- page, i2mo issue, showing the number of enlistments during each month at each of the recruiting stations in the United States, under the headings “ White — foot, mounted ; colored — foot, mounted ; aggregate ; total number rejected.’' WEATHER BUREAU PERIODICALS. The Weather Bureau publications of the class under inspection being produced under the supervision of a printer who has climbed to the exalted position of Chief of the Weather Bureau by his own efforts, a review of his career will be interesting to all printers. Prof. Willis L. Moore, Chief of the United States Weather Bureau, was born in Scranton, Pennsylvania, in 1856. The early years of his life were spent near Binghamton, New York, in which city he received a common-school education. His father was a civil engi¬ neer in Grant’s army, and when young Willis was eight years old he joined his father at City Point and marched with the army up the Appomattox to Petersburg. He became a compositor and reporter on the Binghamton Republican, and was afterward employed on the Bur¬ lington Hawk-Eye, which latter position he left to enter the Government weather service. Professor Moore has always been an ardent student of the natural sciences, and for a considerable period he was under the private tutorage of some of the most eminent Government scientists. He advanced through every grade in the weather service by merit alone, and in 1894 he was appointed professor of meteorology as the result of a competitive examination open to all the scientists of the country. His marked success while forecasting for fifteen of the Northwestern States, with headquarters in Chicago, and his unusual executive ability, attracted the attention of Secretary of Agricul¬ ture J. Sterling Morton, and in 1895 President Cleve¬ land appointed him to the chiefship of the United States Weather Bureau, which position he has held Professor Moore is the inventor of the system that has been in use in the Weather Bureau for twenty years for the rapid preparation of the daily weather map. Instead of using the single type he employed logotypes of parts of words, whole words, and phrases, which permitted the forecasts and synopses to be set up almost as rapidly as dictated, resulting in a great saving of time and labor. He is also the inventor of a gravity cooling apparatus, which, by the use of ice and salt, cools and purifies air in places of habitation. He is the author of “ Moore’s Meteorological Almanac,” of the chapter on “ Climate ” in the “American Encyclopae¬ dia,” and many other publications of a scientific char¬ acter. He is a forceful speaker and is in much demand as a lecturer. Though Professor Moore has been for many years away from the mechanical part of the printer’s art, except that the Weather Bureau publications are pro¬ duced under his superintendence, he has never failed to show his sympathy with his former fellow craftsmen PROFESSOR WILLIS L. MOORE, Chief of the United States Weather Bureau. Copyright, 1904, by Clinedinst, Washington, D. C. and still wants to be considered a printer. When the International Typographical Union convention was held in this city last August, he made a most delightful talk at the reception at the Ebbitt House on the Saturday night preceding the opening of the convention, and a few evenings later entertained the officers and many of the delegates at a dinner. He is very popular with the craft, both in this city and in other cities where he was stationed prior to his reaching the chiefship. (To be continued.) ever since. F, E> ‘ Fo f? * ej? t j? t «gjp THE FAKER. THE INLAND PRINTER 833 NLAND RWTER A. H. McQuilkin, Editor. Editorial Contributors — Arthur K. Taylor, F. W. Thomas, Edwin B. Dewey, W. B. Prescott, R. C. Mallette. Published monthly by THE INLAND PRINTER COMPANY 120-130 Sherman Street, Chicago, U. S. A. EDITORIAL NOTES. TWO British typefounding concerns are indulging in a war of words, one of the bones of conten¬ tion being the possibility and desirability of the point system. THE land of the free evidently has no monopoly of expansion in the newspaper line, for it is said Holland has 250 daily publications to-day, as compared with five in 1840. _ IT doubtless is eagerly sought for by its patrons, but English-speaking printers will hardly make the welkin ring calling for the new Scandinavian trade paper. It is known as the Nor disk Boktryckarekoust. Let us hope its subscription list is ever longer than Vol. XXXIII. SEPTEMBER, 1904. No. 6. It aims ISSgsiSiilsi -1?- Beers, Agfe.r Oral Britain and Ireland, .70 LiS&Si* No. ALL elements of the printing trade of South Africa appear to be agitating for the establishment of a protective tariff on printed matter. In support of the demand for a heavy duty, Cape Town printers assert that a large amount of printing that could be done as well in the colony is being sent abroad. A X THAT may be called “Americanism ” is evidently V V appreciated in the trade in Great Britain. It is at least significant to see a pressman in quest of a situation advertise in a transatlantic journal that he possesses “American experience, notions and methods.” This young man does not seem to have heard the har¬ rowing stories retailed to us about British resentment of the American invasion. MRS. HENRY FAWCETT is the special cham¬ pion of women as Linotype and Monotype operators, and says there is no reason, outside the rules of (British) trade unions, why these machines should not be as commonly used by women as typewriting machines now are. If the lady were in charge of a composing-room with operators of the caliber of the average typewriter, she would probably change her mind about “ closing up ” time or when a rush job came in. “ The average typewriter would make a good operator ” is an old and exploded idea. ACCORDING to an English exchange, in some offices a new machine is never known to work properly until the workman has “ been seen,” though the public seldom hears of the practice. Recently a pressman visited the agency for a new press he was running, made himself known and coolly announced that it would be a good investment for the firm to give him some money. A small sum was offered and re¬ jected, though double the amount was accepted grudg¬ ingly. Within a few days there was a $50 “ accident ” under such conditions that the pressman was dis¬ charged instantly, but the unabashed gentleman sued for wages in lieu of the customary notice given over 834 THE INLAND PRINTER there. Then the facts came out and instead of getting judgment for the amount asked the litigious pressman heard the court designate his act as a species of black¬ mail, and the system that fostered it monstrous and iniquitous. _ AS all the world knows, the London Times has reduced its price, and in other ways, especially through extensive advertising, modernized its methods. This has raised a storm of comment not at all flattering to the “ Thunderer.” Sir Philip Burne-Jones is very severe on the great paper, which, in his opinion, is on the decline as a result of its adoption of methods “ borrowed from the sewing-machine and piano trades.” As Sir Philip attributes the Times’ depravity to American influence, some of our advertising experts ought to take him in hand, for if a newspaper — even the Times — can not advertise without lost of prestige, then there is something wrong in Denmark. AS was intimated in these columns, the pressmen in l convention assembled made short work of the attempt to repudiate the agreement with the United Typothetse. So far as it goes, this is pleasing, but better still is the avowed determination that techni¬ calities should not interfere with abiding by such agreements in harmony with the spirit and intent with which they were adopted and entered into. The press¬ men, it is noticed, are becoming nice about the use of language, so far as their laws are concerned, for the words “ rat ” and “ scab ” are to give way here¬ after to the more euphonious “ unfair.” MANY are the devices resorted to by the touring printer when down on his luck, and some of them not above suspicion, but the Printers’ Register tells of an alleged printer who is entitled to a place among the champion mean men. His name is Weller, and at his trial recently in an English police court, it was divulged that for eight years he had made a prac¬ tice of calling upon women and, representing that their husbands had been either killed or seriously injured, obtained rugs and blankets and money to bring them home. The anxiety of the family until the “ old man ” made his appearance can be better imagined than described. This ingenious fellow also worked business houses with the story about employes, but the judge punctuated his rascally career with a three-year sen¬ tence. _ IN discussing conditions of employment in Great Britain and America there is a tendency to over¬ look the length of service usual in the former country. Here changes are made with great frequency and the twenty-year employe is a rarity, while on the other side “life situations” seem to be as plentiful as Sunday- school pupils in the picnic season. Eyre & Spottis- woode, the King’s printers, are said to hold the record for long-time service of its employes. In addition to several who have retired on pensions of this firm’s staff in its London office, 209 men have a record of over twenty years’ service, of whom 131 have served thirty years, fifty-seven over forty years and twenty- two over fifty years. These gentlemen should be acquainted with the “ style ” by this time, but when any of the later acquisitions are in a quandary they doubtless consult the patriarch, who has had a steady job at the same frame in the same room for the respect¬ able lifetime of fifty-nine years. IN one respect the American journeyman printer dif¬ fers from his English-speaking confreres — he is not in the habit of “ passing the hat ” among employers to augment his beneficial schemes. In British exchanges there are frequent references to employers subscribing to this or that fund established for the purpose of dis¬ pensing charity to indigent craftsmen. An Australian overseers’ association contemplates the establishment of a home for old printers and their wives, and an orphanage for printers’ children, and the promoters intend seeking pecuniary assistance through dona¬ tions from patrons. When the Union Printers’ Home at Colorado Springs was founded there was some slight sentiment in favor of asking “ endowments ” from wealthy employers, but the idea never assumed tangible shape. One of the presidents of the board of trustees urged the abandonment of all hopes of sub¬ vention on the ground that mendicancy in any guise was not in keeping with the professions of the Inter¬ national Typographical Union. From that time on all proposals to raise “ endowment funds ” have been given short shrift, and doubtless the printers feel all the prouder of the home on that account. Their friends and well-wishers, at least, admire the policy of “ going it alone ” in this case, and might it not be worth while for the British and Australian unions, not¬ withstanding the immense good they do through their excellent benefit systems, to go and do likewise? Not the least of the good derived from trades-unionism is the spirit of independence which it inculcates in its members, and begging subscriptions does not tend in that direction. _ DENVER TYPOGRAPHICAL UNION is ac¬ quiring a reputation as a peacemaker. As was noted in The Inland Printer at the time, last year, through its good offices, a sympathetic strike which involved a majority of the industrial population of Colo¬ rado’s capital was settled. This year the merchants “boy¬ cotted ” — that was not exactly what they called it, but it was what they did — two papers on account of their attitude toward Governor Peabody. As one writer says, the columns of the paper were as destitute of ads. as a striking miner’s pockets were of money, but the newspapers had friends, who retaliated so effect¬ ively that in turn the aisles of the stores resembled a cemetery on a rainy day. Meantime the principal THE INLAND PRINTER 835 owner of the paper, who is one of the leading criminal lawyers of Colorado, vowed he would have the law on the boycotters. At this juncture the Denver Typo¬ graphical Union got out its olive branch and wig¬ wagged it so effectively that the merchants are again advertising and the affidavits for the lawsuit have been consigned to the waste-basket. AFTER much conferring with the employers, the l London Society of Compositors has decided, by the decisive vote of 7,075 to 681 (1,092 members re¬ fraining from voting), not to permit machine operators to be temporarily transferred to casework. This is the result of fear that some situations may be lost if men can be shifted from one class of work to another to suit the convenience or necessity of the office. In America the general, if not universal, rule is for a man to do what is given him to do in the line of composition, the union contenting itself with declaring what wages shall be paid on the various classes of work. When machines were being introduced it was urged on more than one occasion that a policy similar to that of the London Society would “ save situations ” for the men, but the consensus of opinion among American printers was that the machine problem should be met in a large way and a fair way, and it was felt that any situations thus obtained would be bought dearly if the restrictive regulation caused a rankling in the breasts of employ¬ ers. As a matter of fact, it is questionable if such regulation has any effect on the number of situations. As an irritating inconvenience it looms large in the eyes of employers, and there is in it, too, a large ele¬ ment of injustice, which is bound to breed controversy, contention and mischief. It is said that outside of London, the English method is the same as ours, so far as bookrooms are concerned, and it has been the experience of the English provincial printer — as with us — that few situations are affected. It may be that a tactical reason in hope of getting something in return for the concession prompts the Londoners to take the position they do, but such a vote on the merits of the proposition is surprising in face of the experi¬ ence at home and abroad. TWO VIEWS ON YELLOW JOURNALISM. AN English journalist or newspaperman, in a recent l article, has, in the Referee, something to say regarding American newspapers and their methods : “ It is a trade,” says he, “ and with divers striking exceptions it is a trade in which little scrupulosity has been shown. American journalism, like everything else which is American, is characterized by great energy and unbounded enterprise. It has produced some men of the highest gifts and the most sterling honesty. It boasts some organs the probity of which has never been assailed. But the typical newspaper of America is not quite all that might be desired by the most fastidious. American journalism is very like a palace abandoned mainly to the occupation of insects. There are clean-swept chambers in it, but they are few, and they stand in strong contrast to the hundreds which are given over to corruption and all unclean¬ ness.'' Then, referring to Mr. Pulitzer’s demand for “ accuracy and love of truth,” this trenchant critic says, “ nobody who knows American journalism will dispute the necessity for the demand. In that country nobody believes a thing because he has seen it in a newspaper, except in those rarest of instances in which accuracy and love of truth are known to be always in the editorial mind. The American press in the main holds a charter for the forgery of intelligence. It breeds fraudulent information as a dead hog breeds maggots.” A veteran member of the American newspaper press reviews the conditions a little more favorably, and says : “ That daily journalism, as it exists to-day and as it was a decade ago, has undergone a phenomenal process of evolution, is a fact which can not be con¬ troverted by the most superficial of observers. “ The daily newspaper of the present day is a com¬ plex affair, as contradistinguished from its prototype. It is not only an epitome of the world’s news of the day, but it is also an illustrated magazine conveying to the minds of its readers a graphic idea of the world’s happenings in a succinct and intelligent way which far transcends the comparatively crude, cut-and-dried methods of the past. Condensation of news, short, strong editorials are the order of the day, and the result is the almost perfect newspaper of the twentieth century. “ American journalism has always been a thing per se in its enterprise and its ability to meet the needs of the hour. The business man has no time to read long editorial diatribes on the questions of the day, and the newspaper profession, recognizing this fact, briefly epitomizes news in its headlines. In fact, this may be said to be the day of the head-line writer. A hurried glance over the columns of a paper enables a business man to gain a comprehensive idea of any sub¬ ject in which he may be particularly interested without having to wade through a mass of irrelevant matter in order to arrive at the kernel of the subject. “ The proprietors of newspapers throughout the English-speaking world, with true business instinct, have adopted American methods with a distinct advan¬ tage in the appreciation of their assets. “ Even in conservative London the influence of American journalism has made itself felt. Sir A. C. Harmsworth, proprietor of the Daily Mail, and some thirty other publications, has achieved his business success by the adoption of American methods. Sir George Newnes, another very successful magazine and newspaper publisher, has emulated Harmsworth’s example. Arthur Pierson is another notable example of the adoption of American methods, and the magazine publications of all three are certainly a practical exem- 836 THE INLAND PRINTER plification of the superiority from a business stand¬ point of American literary methods. To the casual observer it would seem that no further improvement can be made in the newspaper of to-day, but there are possibilities in the future which may so transform daily journalism as to render it unrecognizable by that mythical personage, Lord Macauley’s New Zealander, sitting on the ruins of London or Brooklyn bridge. “ Unquestionably, the impetus given to the evolu¬ tion of journalism as it exists now is due more or less to the advent of ‘ yellow journalism.’ When it made its appearance in the field, a howl went up from all sides against its methods. Why? Because it was an innovation. But it succeeded, and what is more, the very men who objected when they realized that it had come to stay, began to follow in its footsteps in a modified form. Estheticism gave way to realism and sensationalism in a degree gave way to the new order of things. Yellow journalism and its ways was some¬ thing which the ordinary newspaper reader demanded, but when it came it was too pronounced and the more conservative denounced it. But it can not be denied that ‘ yellow journalism ’ has had much to do with the evolution and revolution in English journalism throughout the world.” TECHNICAL CLASSES IN AUSTRALIA. WO of the Australian states conduct printing classes in connection with their technical col¬ leges, in which composition and presswork are taught. Admission is restricted to apprentices and journey¬ men, and as the fees are small the classes are crowded. The Government of New South Wales is said to be the most liberal in providing equipment for ambitious printers, it having established a model office, of suf¬ ficient capacity for fifty students. The thoroughness of the range of instruction given at this school is attested by the syllabus of the printing classes of the Sydney College, which we give in full : compositors’ class. First Year. — Spelling ; punctuation ; appliances and mate¬ rials in caseroom; technical terms generally; composition of type-metal ; qualities of good type ; description of the parts of a type ; weight of type and leads ; relationship of type bodies and their proportion to font ; point system ; lay of case ; char¬ acters in a font; casing letter; attitude at frame; rules to remember when setting; habits to acquire and avoid; rules for spacing and justifying; rules for dividing words; rules for distributing; locking-up and unlocking; casting-up matter; reader’s marks ; definition of stereotype, electrotype, woodcut and process blocks; paper and cards — various subdivisions, qualities and weights, equivalent weights. Second Year. — Production of bookwork ; casting-off manu¬ script ; preliminary matter — how to set ; notes — how to set" ; making up — various operations ; proportions of type to page ; measures for bookwork; making margin; imposition; sheet and half-sheet work; signatures and their use; display in its various phases; use of ornament in display; use of borders and vignettes, etc.; classification of jobwork; sketching (rough) ; tablework — how to set. Third Year. — Higher grade of display than for second year; harmony of color; composition of colorwork; tint- blocks ; the principles of estimating ; charging up work ; the various essentials required for the production of a perfectly printed book. Students will be required to submit themselves for exam¬ ination, and to be eligible therefor a student must attend sixty lessons — that is, twenty theory and forty practice in each year. pressmen’s class. First Year. — Sizes of paper and cards ; number of sheets in quires and reams; pressing — hot and cold; rolling — hot and cold — -how each is performed; use of signatures; sizes of furniture and chases ; simple impositions ; technical terms and phrases ; locking and unlocking forms ; definitions of stereotype, electrotype, woodcut and process blocks. The con¬ struction and working of the hand press; how to make the tympan and frisket. The construction and management of the platen machine; varieties of platen machines; packing to be used for various classes of work; difficulties likely to be met with. How to dress a cylinder and prepare a machine for running ; setting of geared rollers ; casting and care of roll¬ ers ; working condition of rollers under various circumstances ; underlaying and overlaying ; care of inks. Second Year. — Papers, various qualities of ; machine, hand-made, calendered, coated, perfection and fancy cover- papers; when to be wetted and when to be worked dry; the damping-down of paper ; counting, packing and keeping stock ; sizes of jobs; legal work; folding, stitching, perforating, cutting. The construction and working of stop-cylinder, two- revolution and perfecting presses ; difficulties likely to be met with and how they may be overcome ; various methods of ma¬ king ready; the importance of systematic working on cylinder machines; cutting of overlays for cutwork; patent overlays and their construction described. The line and photo-zinco process explained; the use of coarse and fine grain blocks; effects to be obtained by different manipulation of the same plate; general treatment of plates. Inks, medium and quick drying; colored inks; suitable inks for certain papers; pig¬ ments, oils, varnishes and other vehicles; fugitive, copying, double-tone, trichromatic inks and their treatment ; duplex and trichromatic printing from the original electrotype and hard- metal stereotype plates ; tints ; how to make them ; theory and harmony of color, mixing and blending of colors practically demonstrated; selection of rollers for colorwork; underlaying and overlaying; more difficult impositions than first year; varieties of patent plate mounts and how to use them ; printing with bronzes and leaf metal; embossing; care of machinery and running gear; machine-room economy. Third Year. — -Will be based upon the syllabuses of the first and second years, with a wide range of the whole subject of letterpress printing and will include such subjects as the following: Rotary machines; multicolor machines and their management ; motive powers ; modern presses and machinery ; discussions upon all the latest ideas and appliances brought to notice for the benefit of the printing profession, etc. Students will be required to submit themselves for exam¬ ination, and to be eligible therefor a student must attend sixty lessons — that is, twenty theory and forty practice — in each year. These classes have two instructors, who were appointed, not by reason of their influence or through political pull, but after passing a competitive exam¬ ination in which forty participated. It is said that Germany’s wonderful progress as a commercial nation has been due to the fact that it afforded its mechanics opportunities to secure a thorough educa¬ tion, and the Australians — conceded to be a most pro¬ gressive people - — - are profiting by Germany’s example. To readily understand what the government of New THE INLAND PRINTER 837 South Wales is doing, just ponder on the difficulties an American apprentice would encounter in securing the knowledge and practice that is almost forced on the Australian boy. Written for The Inland Printer. THE ARTI ST = COMPOSITOR'S OPPORTUNITIES. utT is a strange fact that few compositors take J_ sufficient interest in their life-work to rise above the average. I have been trying for months to secure the services of a few men who know a little more about printing than the mere handling of types. I want men who can originate ideas for various kinds of high- grade printing and then carry out these ideas in a distinctive manner. For the right men, permanent positions at exceptional salaries are waiting — but the men are lacking. It is easy to secure any number of ordinary compositors, but artist-specialists are few and far between.” A prominent master printer, the proprietor of a noted art printing concern, voiced his sentiments on the scarcity of art compositors recently in these words. He desired highly trained specialists, men who knew in a moment whether a word or two embossed on a cover- page would give a better effect than a panel design in colors ; who were capable of taking manuscript copy in hand and pushing through to completion work of the “ out-of-the-ordinary ” quality. The demand for such men is general, and the golden opportunities awaiting the few who qualify should be a sufficient in¬ ducement to cause more ambitious young- men to fit themselves for the positions. Salaries from $3 to $10 above the scale are no longer uncommon for artist-com¬ positors. One of the largest advertising and educational institutions in the country recently offered a salary of $2,000 a year as an inducement to a well-known special¬ ist to tone up their work. The officers realized that their printing plant, although equipped with the latest productions of the various typefoundries, was not turning- out the distinctive class of printing re¬ quired to produce the best results. In order to make their advertising literature attractive and avoid constant resetting, they were seeking a man capable of han- • dling all the copy and preparing it for the compositor’s hands. His special work was to be the laying out of booklets, folders and miscellaneous job-printing, the design¬ ing of all display, and the choosing of appropriate color schemes. In a word, he was expected to make the work so attract¬ ive that it would compel attention. A thorough knowledge of artistic and advertising typography and some literary ability was required. The opportunity for advancement was one that seldom occurs in the lifetime of a journeyman printer, and yet the writer is cognizant of the fact that two artist- compositors, fully qualified, refused to leave their present positions to accept the offer with all its induce¬ ments. Surely this proves there must be berths of exceptional merit about, when two young men refuse a situation at nearly $40 per week ! The names of three or four artist-compositors are known wherever the higher grades of printing are produced. They have achieved this enviable position among their fellow craftsmen simply because they made up their minds to reach the top, and were not afraid to study and work to get there. Specimens of their work appearing in trade journals are creations of rare typographical beauty. In the advertising world, opportunities for the skilled idea-producers are unlimited. It requires little thought to reach the conclusion that a compositor who is valuable to his employer as a creator of distinctive attention-attracting printing is of still greater value to the advertising specialist through his practical knowl¬ edge of typography, and the relative value and limi¬ tations of types. QUEEN’S ROAD, EAST, HONG KONG, CHINA. PhotorbyCKnight, Manila. 838 THE INLAND PRINTER The artist-compositor, who has an eye to the future, will reinforce his knowledge of typography with a course in practical advertising. Linked together, these two qualifications place opportunities before ambitious young men which under other circumstances they would be compelled to refuse. Advertising, extensive as it is at present, is still in its infancy, according to authorities on the subject. It pays salaries which a few years ago would have appeared visionary, and it is a well-known fact that some of the best advertising experts to-day are graduates from artist-compositors’ frames. It stands to reason that a man who has handled copy and type, who has originated designs and clothed them in appropriate typographical dress, is better qualified and can produce results excelling the best work of the advertising man lacking the practical experience. The study of advertising is immeasurably simpli¬ fied by an artist-compositor’s knowledge of his art, and his chances for coveted positions are far better than one less qualified in this way. When a master printer requires a man to represent him on the street he invariably looks for one who has won a reputation on the case. He knows that a man who can talk practically to his customers is a valuable acquisition. Such a man rarely has to return to the office to inquire if this or that detail can be mastered, or whether so much matter will go into a given space and still be attractive. He can suggest ideas to the customer that will tone up his work and raise the printer in his estimation ; he can, by his practical knowledge, impress the customer with the knowledge that he knows his business, and, knowing his business, can produce the best results — and thus secure his trade. The opportunities presented to those who continue working on the case are not to be despised. The artist-compositor always commands a higher salary than the average man. He is a specialist in the office, the man to whom the employer looks for exceptional results, and to whom in return he extends special privileges. His work is on a higher plane than that of the ordinary compositor. There is a subtle attractive¬ ness about it, an individuality displaying taste and har¬ mony. The reputation of the office is in his hands, and he has every inducement to do his best. Average men lose their individuality, but the specialist is in a class by himself. There is a position at an attractive salary in every printing-office worthy the name for at least one artist- compositor — and master printers are always on the lookout to secure the services of men whose native good taste has been developed by a study of design. The compositor who, having finished his trade, is working mechanically, without striving to increase his knowledge, or improve his work, should ponder over these facts. There is always room at the top, but the men who are satisfied with a mere working knowledge of the trade never reach the top. The golden oppor¬ tunities are for those who observe and study, and then put into practical use the knowledge they have assimi¬ lated. Written for The Inland Printer. A SCOOP. “ I have a scoop,” the stranger said; Said the pressman, “ Say no more; Go see the city editor In 20, second floor.” The stranger climbed the winding stairs, Still turning to the right, When, turning left in downward course, A desk-man hove in sight. I have a scoop,” the stranger said; The desk-man’s eye grew bright; You’ll find the city editor In 20, second flight.” But first he came upon the staff, In gay apparel clad; They gave the stranger notice slight; His face grew' long and sad. “ I have a scoop,” the stranger said; About the haughty group There ran a wondering murmur of “ Great Scott ! He’s got a scoop ! ” “ I’ve heern ’em say they wanted ’em — “ There’s no denyin’ that.” THE INLAND PRINTER 839 Written for The Inland Printer. POETS AND HUMORISTS OF THE AMERICAN PRESS. GEORGE VERE HOBART, probably better known to the newspaper readers of the country as the genial “ Dinkeispeil,” was born in Nova Scotia about thirty- seven years ago. At the age of eleven years he left school to become a telegraph operator, and how well he succeeded was attested by his having, at twelve years of age, charge of a little station where news of the world was daily sent over the wires. It was not long after this that the young operator decided to broaden his horizon, and struck out for South Carolina, from whence he went to Cumberland, Maryland, where as an operator he was employed in the service of the United Press. While at Cumberland, Mr. Hobart enlisted himself in laud¬ able efforts to boom the town, sometimes as manager, backer GEORGE V. HOBART. and general “ hustler ” for the local baseball team, at other times bravely facing the public in the glare of the footlights of the local stage. Here was known his first work as a librettist — a field in which he has since won an enviable position. His first effort was a burlesque on “ Pinafore,” the music for which was written by local musical aspirants. Mr. Hobart took one of the characters of his own creation, that of “ Cap¬ tain Corcoran.” The memory of the success of that perform¬ ance will long remain with those who had the good fortune to witness it. It was also at Cumberland that Mr. Hobart first became identified with journalism. It was while handling the service of the United Press that he was concerned in establishing a weekly, the Sunday Scimitar, for which each week he wrote a half page of jokes and verses. “ Dinkelspeil’s ” meditations and “ gonversationings ” first appeared in the Scimitar, where about the same time appeared a character named “ Guggen- heimer ” and an Irishman of the “ Dooley ” type, long before Peter Finley Dunne immortalized “ Archey Road.” The Cumberland Times next claimed his services. It was at this time that General Coxey’s army made its memorable march in the direction of Washington, along the line of the old Chesapeake & Ohio Canal. Mr. Hobart was one of a number of newspaper correspondents who accompanied this ill-starred expedition. Carle Browne, chief of staff of the army, and Lieutenant-General Coxey had a difference, which resulted in Browne’s determination to resign his commission. So he entered a telegraph office and filed a long telegram to Coxey, who was in advance of his columns, giving the whys and wherefores of his important decision. Mr. Hobart, with his ears open for news, soon knew from the ticking of the “ sounder ” that something important was on, and he was soon “ sitting up and taking notice,” with the result that in a short time, thanks to his telegraphic experience, he had the copy for a most beautiful “ scoop,” which, by the correspondents that marched with the “ Coxeyites,” is remembered to this day. From Cumberland Mr. Hobart drifted to Baltimore, where he worked successively on the Herald, News, American and World. Politics and baseball furnished the subjects for most of his work on the Baltimore dailies. While on the Herald he first performed the feat of reporting the baseball games in verse, to the delight of the local team, who had just won the pennant. These baseball epics were very widely copied and added not a little to his growing fame as a humorist. While on the staff of the News Mr. Hobart performed his baseball verse stunt in a manner that, as far as known, has never been equaled in the annals of poesy. The game was played in New York and Mr. Hobart occupied a seat in the press box. As the third man went out in the first inning the story of the first ninth of the game was being telegraphed to Baltimore, where in less than eight minutes it was in type in the News office. At 6 :30 the baseball extra of the News was on the street with the complete story of the whole contest in beautiful “ machine- made ” verse, mechanically perfect. This feat naturally cre¬ ated a great sensation in poetical circles, and when it is con¬ sidered that it took Gray at least eight years to produce his “ Elegy,” it is readily seen that America is still far in the lead in point of speed. After a few years’ work in Baltimore, Mr. Hobart came within range of the siren voice of Mr. Hearst, and it was not long before the cogitations of “ Dinkeispeil ” appeared in the New York Journal, the Chicago American and the San Fran¬ cisco Examiner, where, notwithstanding his surroundings, the versatile Teuton still waxes cheerful — one day in his “ heart- to-heart ” talks, to be followed by his “ Lives of Famous Men ” and interspersed with “ gonversationings ” and book reviews. Even before Mr. Hobart decided to make New York his home, he met, while in the metropolis, “ Manny ” Friend, lawyer and theatrical man. Through him he was introduced to George W. Lederer. To this chance meeting may be ascribed the beginning of his career as librettist, for that very night Mr. Hobart had the contract to collaborate with Louis Harrison on the book for “ Broadway to Tokio.” Soon after¬ ward he added to his laurels by his librettos for “ A Million Dollars,” “ After Office Hours,” “ Miss Prinnt,” “ Hodge, Podge & Co.,” “The New Yorkers,” “The Wild Rose,” etc. Next to “Dinkeispeil,” Mr. Hobart’s fame is probably best credited to the “John Henry” books, issued under the nom de plume of Hugh McHugh. The first of the “John Henry” sketches was written as an advertisement for the New York Theater, and upon its publication, publishers were not slow to recognize its possibilities, and from a number Of offers for a book of sketches of the same character, he accepted a propo¬ sition made by the G. W. Dillingham Company, and in six hours produced the first of the “John Henry” books. His opinion as to this effort may be surmised from the fact that he was unwilling to sign the sketch, and being given a day to supply a nom de plume, saw a sign with the name “ McHugh ” on it, and he let it go at that. The success of the “John Henry” books has been phe¬ nomenal, the last one issued, “ I’m from Missouri,” bringing the aggregate of sales up to more than four hundred and forty- five thousand copies. Mr. Hobart has written more than two hundred songs, among those for which the music was composed by such prom- 840 THE INLAND PRINTER inent composers as Reginald De Koven, Ludwig Englander and A. Baldwin Sloane, have been some that have become widely popular. To those who are familiar with Mr. Hobart’s work only through his “ Dinkelspeil ” sketches, his handling of the negro dialect, shown in the three verses ■“ Sleep, Li’l Chile,” and child verse, “ The Wee One’s Wishes,” may come as a surprise. Mr. Hobart, while a prolific writer, is most painstaking, and to keep up with the demands for the products of his pen it has often been necessary for him to resort to the burning of the midnight oil. Mr. Hobart is married and has a son of five years — George V., Jr. Mrs. Hobart, a native of Maryland, was, before her marriage, Miss Sarah H. Devries. Mrs. Hobart is a woman of charming personality, as well as of literary tastes and achievements, having before her marriage written much for publication. SLEEP, LI’L CHILE! De night am long an’ de col’ win’ roar, Sleep, li’l chile, go sleep! Yo’ Pappy he doan’ come home no more, Sleep, li’l chile, go sleep! I wonder he sees us all alone, Wif nuffin’ to eat except a bone; An’ do he hear yo’ Mammy moan? Sleep, li’l chile, go sleep! De stars am hid an’ de sky am black, Sleep, li’l chile, go sleep! Yo’ father am gone an’ he doan’ come back, Sleep, li’l chile, go sleep! He say “ Good-bye! ” an’ he gone erway Till comes dat everlastin’ day — An’ it seems sech a long, long while to stay! Sleep, li’l chile, go sleep! De trees, dey ben’ an’ de branches break, Sleep, li’l chile, go sleep! Mah heart ben’, too, an’ it ache an’ ache, Sleep, li’l chile, go sleep! I reckon ef Pappy looks down below He say: “ Mistah God, please le’ me go; Kase mah wife an’ chile dey needs me so ! ” Sleep, li’l chile, go sleep! THE WEE ONE’S WISHES. I wisht I was a drate big King, The bigges’ ever seen! ’En nights ’at wasn’t Tris’mas Eve I’d make ’em Hollow E’en. An’ ’en I’d go an’ tell my Paw, “ See here, you, Paw! ” I’d say, “ Now you jus’ dare to call me in When I go out to play! ” I wisht I was A King! I wisht I was a drate big King, I’d buy some tickets so ’At I could see the circus, an’ I dess I’d let Paw go. But if he made me study at My joggerfy I jus’ Would leave him home, ’tause like as not He’d aggervate an’ fuss — I wisht A King! I wisht I was a drate big King, I know what I’d do with A boy ’at always chases me, His name is Bobby Smith! I’d buy a big perliceman’s club, A dog, an’ ’en a gun. An’ ’en I’d say to Bobby Smith, “ You dasn’t make me run! ” I wisht I was A King! I wisht I was a drate big King, I’d bring my Mamma here; Paw says she’s up ’ere in the skies, An’ ’en he calls me “ Dear His eyes gets full of tearses, too, ‘En he don’t speak at all. I dess I’d go an’ get my Maw If I was not so small — I wisht I was A King! A HUSTLING INLAND PRINTER AGENT. The photograph herewith presented is that of F. H. Janssen, the popular and well-known agent for The Inland Printer in New York. Mr. Janssen started in 1897 as an agent for this publication, selling eight copies the first month, and by the end of a year had secured twenty-two customers monthly. This list has been increased until he now han¬ dles thirty-five copies of The In¬ land Printer each month. Mr. Janssen started in 1885, at the age of fifteen years, as an errand-boy in the printing-office of Wynkoop & Hallenbeck, New York city, and has worked him¬ self up to his present position with that firm, now known as the Wynkoop-Hallenbeck-Craw- ford Company, where he is em¬ ployed as job compositor and stonehand. Nearly twenty years of service with one firm is a good record and speaks well for the sterling qualities of Mr. Janssen, which are further wit¬ nessed in the record he is making as a hustling agent for the printer’s favorite magazine. FROM A RECOGNIZED AUTHORITY. The following review of “The Principles of Design,” by Ernest Allan Batchelder, published by The Inland Printer Company, appeared in the International Studio for June, 1904: “ If there is one evil more than another which is predom¬ inant to-day in architecture and pictorial art alike, it is the vagueness and indefiniteness of ideas with which the architect or artist sets out to accomplish his work — or, at any rate, appears so to have proceeded. Hence the surfeit of hybrid expressions and mixture of intentions which we observe on every hand in the attempts at would-be novel designs in almost every medium. This book is written by one who was asso¬ ciated with Doctor Ross, of Harvard University, as instructor at the Summer School of Design. The author believes that many books on the same subject, while helpful and instructive, oftentimes leave too much to be taken for granted; he also- hopes that he will have succeeded in adequately defining the principles from which the student’s first steps should be taken, in order to acquire a clear concept of line and area composi¬ tion. The development of his subject is indicated in the fol¬ lowing chapter heads : The Elementary Line, Shape Rhythm, Measure Balance, Areas, Tone Balance, Measure Harmony, Measure Rhythm, Tone Rhythm, Tone Harmony, From the Abstract to Nature, Decorative Arrangement, From Nature to the Abstract. The volume is fully illustrated in a way that seems to be thoroughly practical and adequate. The book is one that students will find worth while mastering from cover to cover.” _ HE WAS DISCHARGED. City Editor — What did you discharge that reporter for? Managing Editor — For lying. I sent him up to interview my mother-in-law and he came back and said she wouldn’t talk. — Western Publisher. F. H. JANSSEN. THE INLAND PRINTER 841 TRAINING OF APPRENTICES. To the Editor: Concord, N. H., July 27, 1904. John G. Saxe, in one of his more pretentious poems, says: “ As landsmen, sitting in inglorious ease, Prate of the dangers of the stormy seas, As parlor soldiers, graced with fancy scars, Rehearse their bravery in imagined wars, As arrant dunces have been known to sit As each is oftenest eloquent of what He hates or covets but possesses not.” So may not a fellow who has never had the employment of labor or its personal direction propose a scheme that appeals to him for the advancement of the profession which he has chosen ? In these days, when the technical journals are, almost with¬ out exception, voicing the need for competent instruction for apprentices, when the smaller general repair shops are furnish¬ ing nearly all the all-round machinists for foremen and super¬ intendents in the large shops, and when the country printing- office, with its varied opportunities, is looked to for the man with the best general knowledge of the allied trades as a whole (a knowledge absolutely necessary for foreman and manager). When these facts are so plainly apparent, why is it that the large offices do not “ rise to the occasion ? ” The country printing-office or the smaller city office is usually conducted by the owner, and it is to his manifest advantage that his apprentice gets an earning knowledge of the business as quickly as possible. As a rule the bright boy in such offices gets this knowledge at least two years earlier than the boy under a foreman, who is left too often to absorb the trade from the atmosphere of the large office, along with a good deal else. When I entered the office as devil, my duties were many and varied, but I received no direct instruction until one of the journeyman who, for some reason, took a liking to me said, “Now, see here; there is not anybody in the shop who cares a continental whether you learn the trade or not. Any of them will answer your questions, if you know enough to ask them. Now, I will tell you what you have to know before you are a passable journeyman, and if you ’tend to business you can learn them in their regular order, and at the end of three years you ought to be of some use to yourself.” Some fellows might put these things in different order, but this was the way the old man “put me through.” You proprietors, how many of your journeymen are in reality but apprentices in all but a limited specialty? What does your average compositor know about stock, or pressman about type, or either about the possibilities of cutmaking? Given a bid necessary to meet in order to get a certain job, how many of them can help you out in working down the cost of production. Suppose next season, or now, for that matter, you were to inaugurate a series of practical talks or lectures to your entire force. Choose some suitable compos¬ itor (he may be from your own force, but better still from outside). Then a job pressman and cylinder pressman, make-up man, stockman or cutter, a good bookbinder, if you do binding. Stock and ink drummers can talk well and to your profit; cutmaking and papermaking might be interesting and instructive. Then yourself sum up the result of the course with the suggestions of some of the things brought out that may be adaptable to your business. Some of the problems of the business office might give the men an insight and more sympathetic interest in the success of the business. An important feature would be to have every man present at each lecture, even if you had to put them into the working hours. Do not expect the highest degree of interest by all the men until they get awakened. The cost will be somewhat, but you will fare exceedingly ill if many ideas are not brought out that will pay you big interest for years. I know a job pressman who was able to save his employer more than his wages by a chance conversation with an ink drummer after hours. The overlay-cutter and cutmaker ought to be brought together. The men who like to hang around the office at noon or evening should be encouraged. A table of trade journals, type specimens, tasty display jobs and dainty booklets, as well as bindings, might be arranged. I have in mind a journeyman who for years was absolutely barren of ingenuity, who, by judicious use of specimens, used to do a good grade of displaywork (he was very rapid), but suppose he had not been able to see the specimens. See to it that every man gets a copy of the nice jobs he has had a hand in ; do not make him pilfer it. Most men have a pardonable pride in their good work. Hang up in some place the best work you turn out, with the names of the men who worked on it. Do not depend too much on your foreman. How many times, when necessity has made you call a man from the ranks to the position of foreman, you have found it an advantage. Capabilities undreamed of lie in many men. Now, do not understand me that you can make pressmen of compositors, or vice versa, but a better knowledge of the allied trades will surely make them better specialists. The most progressive indication in the whole realm of unionism is the course of lectures to apprentices by Chicago Typographical Union, No. 16, as reported in The Inland Printer, and it is a hopeful sign that employes are realizing that along with increasing wages and better conditions should come increased efficiency. C. THE STATUS OF PROOFREADERS. To the Editor: Des Moines, Ia., June 9, 1904. Noting by the current Printer that you invite contributions on all themes relating to the printer’s art, I send the following, believing there is a place for its consideration by both printers and publishers. Would any one be so good as to answer through the col¬ umns of The Inland Printer the apparently simple question: What is the status of the proofreader in the composing-room? In many of our larger cities and in some smaller ones they are required to be members of the printer’s union, in whatever form it may exist there, which implies a knowledge of the printer’s art and an experience at the case. In such cases the hours, pay, regulations of assistant, a copyholder, are taken care of by the union, and in such cases no foreman need ever be embarrassed a second time by a “bill of errors,” chargeable to the “proofreader’s department,” for, as the employer of unionized labor, he is in a position to protect himself. In many towns and even smaller cities the proofreader is employed and its (?) hours, etc., regulated by the literary department, the editorial management thus assuming the responsibility of dates and commas. In such cases no protec¬ tion is afforded a foreman, if there is the usual determination on the part of the business office to produce dividends by procuring a proofreader or other assistant not unionized, at the smallest cost. There is many a big western daily whose proud boast it is to run from five to seven editions a day with an “ extra " 842 THE INLAND PRINTER A CORRECTION. To the Editor: Boulder, Colo., July 2, 1904. In June issue you are led to make a misstatement in regard to the affair at Victor when the Record office was destroyed. The facts are these : The Record had been uphold¬ ing the union. On the morning of the outrage it published an editorial advising the union miners to call off the strike, say¬ ing it had been lost, and blaming that body for the hard times. That night six masked men destroyed the Record office and damned the men for going back on the union. The office was destroyed by union miners. The proprietor himself stated that the damage had been done by union miners. So as to be sure this statement is correct, will you please write to the Record at Victor and see if the reports we get here are wrong. All we want is the truth. Respectfully, Otto H. Wangelin, Editor Herald. every few minutes and some sort of display-ad. folder on Sundays, handling hundreds of thousands of dollars in adver¬ tising every year, besides its right modicum of news matter, where every word of printed matter is expected to be passed upon and its truth to copy scrutinized by one sickly young woman, for whom no copyholder is provided, and who receives, and often for seven days’ work, the munificent salary of but $12. What is the status of a proofreader in relation to union¬ ized or protected labor ? M. B. Johnston. either case the specimens gain nothing in the direct handling, and all too frequently are soiled or lost. One who is exhibiting goods for sale gives careful regard to effects in displaying them. The background and accessories to give the object of sale attractiveness are calculated with FILING SPECIMENS OF PRINTING. SAMPLES of printing are of the first consideration in securing orders, in obtaining an idea of the customer’s taste, of the effects of type display, of cuts, of inks, of stock, of the ability of the printer. Yet there are few satis¬ factory plans for preserving specimens of work so that they can be exhibited repeatedly, be at all times readily accessible and yet be kept fresh and attractive in appearance. ' The practice most generally followed is to sort the various kinds of work into divisions in boxes, and out of these to select as far as possible something that may go to illustrate the customer’s views or the skill and taste of the printer. The specimens may be shown in or out of the printing-office, but in judgment and taste. A picture, for instance, gains immensely by the addition of a proper mat and frame. It is not sufficient to explain how much better it will look when these are added. Add them, and the price obtained will be a better one. The increased attractiveness will also serve to enlarge the sales¬ man’s esteem for it and stiffens him in obtain¬ ing an adequate price. This is profoundly true in the matter of printers’ specimens. Preparing specimens for exhibition is not only profitable directly so far as obtaining orders is concerned, but of the greatest possible educational value, and a de¬ lightful avocation to the printer who loves his trade. The plan of mounting specimens in books is not elastic enough, though quite a favorite one with many printers. It may do very well for specimens of one’s own individual work — but every printer should be a collector of rep¬ resentative work, and these collections should be kept by a method allowing of additions and subtractions and of an unlimited range of classifications. The Inland Printer has adapted a system at once simple and comprehensive for this work. It can be brought within the means of the apprentice or the journeyman and can be made of the first importance to the largest printing establishment. Printed specimens, with few exceptions, do not exceed 9 1/% by nj4 in size. Letter¬ heads, bill-heads, statements, cards, menus. THE INLAND PRINTER programs, booklets, etc., are the specimens most difficult to arrange for ready exhibition. Take a quantity of some dark cover-stock — though if close study is to be given to effects, a light color may be used for some specimens, and so through a variety of shades to meet the particular require¬ ments. Cut these to a uniform size, by ii}4, and on these mount the specimens. They can be classified as the judgment or taste may direct. It may be desirable to show a complete series of stationery: letter-head, bill-head, statement and busi¬ ness card. The larger specimens may be folded up in accor¬ dion plaits and the lower fold pasted or gummed to the mount. Room will thus be allowed for the whole series on one mount, arranged in artistic angles as the taste of the operator may dictate. Such series makes an effectual display for the printer who desires to “ fit out ” a customer with a full line of business stationery. These can be kept together. It is not necessary for the printer to confine himself to his own work. Any good specimen should be secured — an effective advertisement, a nice color effect on a folder or booklet. Cut it out and mount it. Study it, and taste will be developed and improved. The classification may include : Calling cards — Script, Engraver’s Title, Roman, Old English, Gothic, etc. Profes¬ sional cards — engraved or printed. Business cards — in all the varied methods, plain and colors, and so on down the list of every kind of printing. Having the specimens all ready mounted, the next consid¬ eration is filing them. The means to do so is ready at hand in the vertical filing systems now on the market, illustrations of some of which are here shown in sizes and arrangement to suit the convenience of the individual or the office. The cabinets shown are fitted with guide cards of heavy manila. The projection on the upper part of the illustration is to be lettered with the indicating word of the class of the speci¬ mens, after the style of the familiar card index. A metal- rimmed projection with the perforation in' the bottom of the guide card fits in a slot in the bottom of the drawer of the cabinet, and through all of the guide cards a metal rod is inserted which holds them all in place and prevents their ac¬ cidental withdrawal when the specimens are being arranged or taken out for exhibition. The illustrations are sufficiently explanatory of themselves with out much description. Home¬ made apparatus can be adapted to the idea, but the handsome appearance of these cabinets and the low price will not war¬ rant makeshifts to any extent. The plan can be made to include paper samples and foundry specimens. PR I NTING-OFFICE. 844 THE INLAND PRINTER Contributions of practical value are solicited for this depart¬ ment. Remittances will be made for acceptable articles on receipt of manuscript. Address, The Inland Printer Company, Chicago. A CHECK ON PROOFS SUBMITTED. A check should be kept on all proofs submitted, and after a reasonable length of time has elapsed the party to whom submitted should be communicated with. The “ rank outsider,” especially, knows so little about the art preservative that in many cases he does not realize that his work is at a standstill until the proof is returned. Then again, proofs sent out may be mislaid or lost. A memorandum of proofs submitted, with the date of submission and a careful check thereon each day often prevents a job from becoming “stale” and gives your firm a reputation for promptness and “ eternal vigilance ” — the price of success. B. E. Savage. IMPOSING BOOK FORMS WITH A PENCIL. When the stoneman in the medium-sized office has more imposing than can be expeditiously handled, a sheet of paper with the lay of the form and the proper margin indicated thereon may profitably be turned over to an intelligent case- hand. The up-to-date stonehand does most of his calculation by either written or mental arithmetic, and a ten-minute diagram may save the day on a rush job. A verification by a competent workman of forms made in this manner is only a matter of a few moments, and the casehand has had some experience that makes him more valuable. B. E. S. SYSTEMATIC LABELING OF CASES. The writer recently had occasion to devise a label system for a medium-sized job office, and, in view of the considerable amount of labor attached thereto, attempted to combine with the same operation a complete office specimen book and an index or directory, showing the location of each font. With what success the measure was attended will be left to the reader of the outline following: The first step was to adopt a standard-size label holder, in this case by i}4 inches being the size selected, the width allowing the admission to the holder of a card label bearing the impression of a seventy-two-point line. The measure for com¬ posing the specimen lines was set at thirty picas, and after placing cases as desired (in this case in series), a compositor proceeded to set a line from each case, giving the number of points and the name of the face, abbreviations being permitted on the larger sizes. After proving and correcting the lines so set, they were made up to fit a sheet of cardboard of the width of the label holder and of sufficient length to admit of an entire series appearing on one sheet. Three-quarters of an inch white space at the top of the card was separated from the labels proper by a light-faced rule. Underneath this rule the lines were so spaced that they struck the center of a space equivalent to the width of the label holder. Two forms were thus made up and sent to the pressroom for twenty copies. While one form was on the press a stonehand changed the lines on the dead form, one man being able to keep the press going until all lines were printed. Having completed the printing, one sheet of each form was sent to the bindery, where the sheets were jogged at the head and the stock cut apart in strips to fit the label holders, using the head rule for a guide in measuring the required width. Every label slipped into place with accuracy and gave a very neat appearance in the new brass label holders. From the remaining printed copies several sets were gath¬ ered and punched at the top to fit a patent binder, making complete office specimen-books. The next step was to number every cabinet or rack and also to number each case, commenc-, ing with No. i on each rack or cabinet. One specimen-book was then numbered to correspond with the cabinet and case numbers, this for use in the composing-room, where it proves valuable as a directory to new men and in the location of seldom-used type. By the use of this system new specimens may be added a sheet at a time or old ones disposed of as the type wears out or is changed. B. E. S. SUBMITTING PROOFS. Of great importance in the successful conduct of a job¬ printing office is the proper submitting of proofs. The jobber should be painstaking in this regard, for a business man delights to receive from the printer proofsheets that are neat and clean. The request, printed on the outside of the envelope containing them, to kindly O. K. enclosed proofs with correc¬ tions, if any, and return at earliest convenience, generally meets with quick response, for he is impressed with the busi¬ ness instinct that prompts the request. All proving should be done on a proof press if this is avail¬ able. If a proof planer is used, the effort should be made to obtain as even an impression as possible with as little hammer¬ ing as necessary. French folio or stock that is soft in texture and transparent should be used in all cases, as this reduces the danger of damage to type, and all proofs should be marked with pencil or scored to show the proportion of type and stock. Press proofs in color should be submitted of colorwork, otherwise the job presents a half-finished appearance that the average customer is quick to call attention to. Of course, the extra labor of taking such proofs should be included in the estimates. A good way to illustrate the proportion of type-matter on a business or visiting card is to place the card on which it is to be printed on a flat surface, then lay the proofsheet on top of it. The proof paper, being transparent, enables one to obtain correct proportion; then by placing another sheet on top of this, so as to prevent the proofsheet from becoming soiled, and running the thumbnail completely around the edge of the card, an embossed effect is obtained that is pleasing. F. F. Turner. RULE AND RULE CASES. The advent of paneling and rulework in job printing has in recent years taxed to the utmost the supply of rules in the average job-printing office. Few indeed are the offices where there is as much rule as is required. In many offices to endeavor to set a good job in panel design is to invite nervous prostration, so great is the difficulty in obtaining the necessary rule. And yet all proprietors know that it pays to keep the rule cases well filled, because time lost in piecing and searching for it would, in many cases, pay for new rule. The distribution of rule cases so that they will be handy to the men has also been given much thought. The concentration of all rule in large cases has been abandoned in many instances for the handier way of employing quarter cases and putting but one font in a case. Four of these cases may he put in a full-sized blank case if desired for concentration, but they are generally found on the frames of the jobbers, where they are handy to them. A noticeable feature in many composing- rooms is the tendency to concentrate all material in as small a radius as possible. To go from one end of the composing- room to the other in quest of a rule case is not desirable. It is also time-consuming, and therefore expensive. In order to secure correct joining of rules it is imperative that they be thoroughly cleansed before distributing. F. F. T. THE SPACE AND QUAD CASE. One of the greatest advantages of the space and quad case is that an inventory can always be taken of the stock of spaces THE INLAND PRINTER 845 and quads on hand. The wise foreman keeps his eye on these cases and sees that they are always well filled. Profits in a job-printing office are largely increased when the jobbers are kept supplied with spaces and quads with which to set their jobs quickly and construct and justify them well. If one wishes to obtain the best work from them and expects both quality and quantity, he must not be harrassed by lack of material. It is more profitable in the long run to buy material if necessary to preserve his tranquillity of mind. Let us not forget that dividend-paying material is a necessary adjunct to dividend-paying type, in order that it be dividend-paying in the fullest sense of the term. What can it profit a job-office proprietor if his plant is stocked with an abundance of the latest type-faces and exhibits a pitiful lack of material with which to put it into use? The location of space and quad cases should be as central as possible, and easy of access to all the jobbers. As they are much used, they should be placed in the lightest part of the composing-room, and because they are constantly exposed to dust they should be frequently blown out. All boxes should be kept as full as possible. In many offices the upper row of boxes which contain thin spaces, especially in the smaller sizes, are sadly neglected, and in consequence jobbers are compelled to go to cases containing body type for these spaces. F. F. T. THE LEAD CASE. In many well-regulated job offices the practice is in vogue of going over the lead cases at least once a year to eliminate the “ bastard ” sizes that, it seems, will creep in. Excellent as is the practice, it would not be necessary if every jobber would do his share in keeping the lead case tidy. He should make it a point, when finding a “bastard” lead, to cut to a standard size immediately, and to always endeavor to leave the lead case in as good condition as he finds it. The work of keeping the leads straight is, in most offices, left to apprentices, who very often fail to realize how important it is that the lead case be kept in best possible order, and it suffers in consequence. A well-kept lead case is a distinctive feature of a model composing-room. F. F. T. ORNAMENT AND BORDER CASES. In those job offices which are not supplied with a proper cabinet for ornaments and borders, the disposal of them, or rather the selection of a suitable place for them, is quite a problem. This is especially true of the smaller offices, which generally require but a few feet of a border and some miscella¬ neous ornaments. A good way out of the difficulty is to select a case in which the boxes are large and commodious, such as the Yankee job case, place it on a rack as a companion to the space case, the ornament case occupying the upper part of the rack and the space and quad case the lower, employing the smaller boxes for the six and twelve-point borders and mis¬ cellaneous ornaments, and the larger boxes for the larger sizes. All borders and ornaments should be packed in the boxes in an upright position and kept so. With a case of this description the life of ornaments and borders is increased. An enterprising proprietor purchased an ordinary lead case to be used for these purposes, partitioning off one of the larger spaces for the reception of corner pieces and miscella¬ neous ornaments. He is lavish in his praise of this method of accommodating ornaments and borders, and as these present such a neat appearance when packed in an upright position, its adoption is recommended. F. F. T. PRINTING ON BLANK-BOOKS. Frequently a job of blank-books, already bound with the covers on, comes in the printing-office to have a form of some sort printed on the cover, for instance, rent-receipt books, memorandum books, etc., which are purchased from the blank- book maker and then sent to the printer to have the required form printed on. Now, under usual circumstances, if the printing is done on a Gordon press, it would be necessary to lower the impression screws at least an eighth of an inch, as the books generally contain about fifty pages. To lower the impression screws would be a considerable loss of time and throw the platen out of gear for the next job also. So the most simple manner to overcome the difficulty is to throw back the impression lever or “ throw off,” tie it back so that it will not be pulled back home by force of habit, and then, with the usual amount of make-ready, the impression will just be right for the books. Robert F. Salade. TELEPHONE COMPANY EMBLEMS. There is an opportunity for some enterprising typefounder to steal a march on his competitors by bringing out in type metal and electrotypes of suitable sizes, the shield and Maltese cross emblems used by the independent telephone associations. Many towns have independent telephone exchanges owned by companies of local capitalists, and the various forms of print¬ ing used in their business are in consequence ordered from the local printer. On the other hand, the emblem of the Bell Com¬ pany shown in every specimen-book is more seldom called for, on account of the various local offices of this company getting a larger share of their supplies through headquarters. While the Bell and its sub-license companies use the most print¬ ing, the emblems of the independent associations will prove the more salable for the foundry, as their orders for work are scattered among a greater number of printers. Harley Barnes. BOOK AND POSTER TYPE. It seems a superfluity to dwell on the advantages of having a few complete series of letter in large fonts, rather than many series and midgety fonts, but many printers whose selec¬ tion of material is for the most part judicious, forget this rule when they come to the purchase of book and poster faces. In many country offices where the jobbing and ad. letter is kept in ample series, the weight fonts present a most inharmonious contrast. In an office I have in mind, the display letter con¬ sists of about ninety fonts in ten well-selected series, yet the weight fonts in the establishment comprise faces that literally swear at one another when brought into juxtaposition. The six-point is an old-style face, the eight-point is a heavy roman face, the ten-point again is a light-face old-style, while the eleven-point is a strong-faced roman. The posterweight fonts, in twelve, fourteen, eighteen and twenty-four point, are alter¬ nately gothic and clarendon faces. Had these book and poster faces all been in one series of some good, strong book-face, the addition of a few larger sizes would have provided an excellent series to fill a niche now vacant in that office. There is a great deal of initialing done at the present day, particularly in trade and class publications. In such publica¬ tions where there are no headlines sufficiently conspicuous to break the monotony of the straight reading matter, as in a newspaper, a good initial properly set forms an agreeable variation. When an initial is used, however, it should be set in such a position that it bears an obvious and intelligent rela¬ tion to the story it is supposed to prefix. Too many present- day initials, with their rectangular designs, suggest the idea that they are shouting over a fence at the rest of the letters in the introductory words to wait until the initials can come around and join the procession. H. B. ORNAMENTS. It is not sufficient that the various designs of ornament used in the more elaborate forms of composition be used with a due regard to proportion and balance of design, but care should also be taken to place ornaments in the form of flowers, leaves, scrolls, etc., in the most natural position possible. H. B. 846 THE INLAND PRINTER , to be avoided in ordinary display where there is suf- of all ■ Type i ment is in better taste and is finer art than if overloaded or surrounded by the various devices th most ”■ for the very good reason that attractive and beautiful in design and for » — I of an Panelwork should be of s a well-defined purpose, not of haphazard construction that may prevent the best type display. In Fig. i there is much of this meaningless extra work which has crowded the type and sug- shows a rearrangement for the type’s sake alone that should imposition. The type used is than the original, but the type selection and arrange- legible and attractive, and the rule i page and is not merely an example of We may fittingly apply to printing what John Ruskin said should be required of 1 men, that “ first they do their practical duty well ; and then t conform to the very sion. The ornament or any addition to the type that, only distracts and prevents the type from expressing its mes¬ sage in the clearest way, are the proper means toward this desirable end. In Fig. i is shown a page that is in error in both particulars. A condensed face should be used only when nblage of lines that is more or less a jumble. Only set- appearance called good display, or, in other words, good rast. On stationery, the firm name is generally the line requires distinction, and the best results will follow the THE INLAND PRINTER 847 else comparatively small. Figs. 3 and 4 are illustrations of composition in a type series in which the first-named is inferior in appearance on account of lack of contrast. By making a practice of displaying the firm name only, more satisfactory results will follow than if attempts are made to emphasize other parts of the copy. The apparent need of display for IMPORTERS OF Mont'sano, Wash - - C, UNAWARE M . - . — . . . _ . - cTs™ 7a Aat. with LAW BROTHERS STAPLE AND FANCY GROCERIES FLOUR O* FEED SjSHK mu,TS AND VECETABLES Fig. 4. various parts of a job is a source of temptation, but the desire to display other things besides the firm name should be repressed; we mean display by increasing type-sizes. The secondary display, if there is need for any, can be more effectively shown by contrast, using some face of different design that harmonizes with the letter used. The type shown, however, does not admit of association with other faces except when used as a contrasting line with some lighter-face type. In the designing of letters, not only is attention paid to the legibility and beauty of their individual shaping, but also to their relation to each other in the line or page. Good Fifty-eighth |*j| Anniversary Sunday Schools Church of the Redemption Easter Day, April 12, 1903 - 7-30 P. M. _ Rev. Thomas R. List, - Rector JFtftpmglffb Tnmbrrsarj) 18454903 l^untiap Ikbools Ctmrclj of tljr 3Hrtcmptton Caster JPap, Jtpril 12, 1903 7:30 p. m. Rcti. Cbomas R. List, Rector Fig. 6. appearance not only determines the shape of the letter itself, but also the space between letters in the same word, and, in a lesser degree, the space between words and lines. In the making of type the width or set of the letter depends upon what may be called the proper harmonic space between letters in the same word. This spacing, fixed by the typefounder, should not generally be changed by letter-spacing. There are times, of course, when it is absolutely necessary to letter-space, but it is done at the expense of good appearance. There are also type-faces whose appearance is not materially affected by so doing to a slight degree and uniformly throughout the page. But the occasional letter-spacing of a line to fill out a meas¬ ure and in juxtaposition to unspaced lines destroys at the same time the harmonic relationship of the type and the beauty of the display. In Fig. 5 the partial letter-spacing of the dis¬ play lessens the distinction of the page, and a more natural arrangement would have avoided the variation of spacing shown. The preciseness indicated by the unnatural spacing of all lines to the same measure and by the division into three parts with equal white space between is contrary to the ethics of correct display, as it would be to good decorative design. Freedom of expression in type display is limited by the medium or materials used, but it should be the object of the compositor to infuse as much naturalness and grace as possi¬ ble. As reset (Fig. 6), the text-face was used because more fitting, and the arrangement has avoided the errors already indicated. Printing for religious organizations should be plain, neat and dignified, and freakish typography avoided. Text-faces Fig. 5. 848 THE INLAND PRINTER are very appropriate, if available, on account of the historic association of such letters with religious usage, coming from the times when manuscript, altar and service books were inscribed in styles that were the progenitors of modern type¬ faces. It was the custom to decorate these books with initials and borders in colors, and as red was a favorite color for this work, red and black is the commonly accepted and most suit¬ able color combination for ecclesiastical printing. In Fig. 7 an appreciation of the suitability of text-faces is shown by their use, but the arrangement is not quite so attractive as a l^oung flbeoplc's Christian XHmen raper Meeting Copies July 3 to December 25, 1904 Eighth United Presbyterian Church goung People's Christian Onion of the eighth OniteD Ptcsbwctian Church Prayer Meeting Topics July 3 to December 25. 1904 Fig. 7. Fig. 8. simpler and more natural style would have conferred on the page. Fig. 8 is a suggestive resetting entirely in text. There might be objection to its use on the score of legibility, but that consideration is not so essential in work of this kind. In commercial work this contention is right, although some slight loss in readability is more than compensated by greater distinction. In Fig. 8 some freedom has been taken with the matter, transposing the title and placing it at the head. Fig. 7 was printed in red and black, and Fig. 8 was set for printing in two colors, the additional color taking the place of type contrast and giving it distinction. The rules and initial should go in red and the rest in black. The less matter there is on a business card the more satis¬ factory will be the display. It is rather a difficult problem to print on the small confines of a card many qualifying lines and make them all distinctive. All the devices of display must be used to make such a card effective. Type contrast, both in selection of sizes, design and rules, and an appreciation of the A. W. Briggs, . . Upholsterer . . ALL KINDS OF PARLOR FURNITURE MADE TO ORDER. SPECIAL ATTENTION PAID TO RE-UPHOLSTERING AND REPAIRING OF ALL KINDS OF FURNITURE. ALL WORK FIRST CLASS. FURNITURE PACKED AND SHIPPED. GIVE US A CALL 376 Seymour Street, Syracuse, N. Y. Fig. 9. use of white space, are ways of producing the desired result. We show what is intended to be a business card (Fig. 9), although its appearance suggests a small rush advertisement. Of course, the typography of a card should in some degree be affected by the business represented, and the card of a junk- dealer would vary in style from that of a milliner. At the same time it will benefit any business if the card is set in a neat, attractive manner and carefully printed on high-grade stock, and it should be the printer’s aim to educate his cus¬ tomers in this direction. Even the card used in house-to-house canvassing by those following occupations like that denoted on the card shown (Fig. 9) would be rendered more effective and valuable as a business-bringer if set in a more attractive style. The association between the name and the business that it is the purpose and effort of the card to instill will be more A. W. BRIGGS <3p Roisterer AN^'pEPAmiNVor 7l'l° ;°"sE'“r°uiRs"r»' 376 SEY MOUR STREET SYRACUSE. N. Y Fig. 10. quickly effected if the latter is attractive in appearance and dis¬ play. A more shapely arrangement of the card is displayed by Fig. 10. By placing some of the lines above the name and separating others by rules, crowding and confusion are avoided and greater legibility is attained. A border around a business card is not generally desirable unless the wording is very brief. When much matter is to be arranged it cramps the display, particularly if the card is small. A side panel, how¬ ever, is a good way of disposing of matter, any special feature being made more distinctive by being so placed. More errors are made in composition by arrangement than by type selec¬ tion, and a business card is a common sufferer from incoherent and ineffective display. The subject on a title-page, if set uniformly in one size, is more attractive, because more natural, than if arranged in two or three sizes. Occasionally, of course, it is more desirable to display a word or words, particularly in advertising print¬ ing, or if the title is excessive in length, although in the latter case it is often arranged in a paragraph of capitals or in lower- Fig. II. Third Annual Automobile and Sportsmen’s Show ii * Light Guard Armory Detroit, Mich. February 15 to 20, 1904 Inland Printer Technical School jtfladhne Composition Job Composition Ikesstoorfc A. H. McQuilkin, Manager 120-130 Sherman Street Chicago Examples of Job Composition €5 .2 44- W J* □ o: lil o Z D < 1x1 X< f!o < >• I- h V) DC LU uj J 0- < O uj tr q: h 44 43v Atlanta, Ga ... . . . . . . . .190 The South A field for profitable exploration work The Southern Exploration Co. INCORPORATED Terry Building, Roanoke, Va. THE INLAND PRINTER 849 case all of one size. But in a title where there is some doubt whether this or that line is most important, it is- better to set it in one size throughout. A conjunction of two or three sizes of type with catchlines between is not nearly so pleasing as the use of one size for everything. A comparison is offered between Figs, n and 12. In the former there are several things that conspire against its best appearance. The rulework suggests that the interest taken in its design and composition excluded the type from more than a secondary consideration and subordinated the useful to the merely ornamental. The rules are too heavy for a double panel, crowding the type and detracting from it the distinction that is its just due. This crowding is especially noticeable in the lower panel. The inside rule of the upper panel should have been a lighter face, thus throwing the type into relief by contrast. A rule design, however complex, must be coherent, and every separate piece of rule should be a factor in the development of a precon¬ ceived orderly design. The ornament or rule that is added after the design is complete is superfluous. The point of artistic completion is passed and the added material is a retro¬ gression. Simple rule designs are most satisfactory in general, because the added ornament is an incumbrance and annoyance to the type it was intended to adorn. To adorn the type should be the intent of all ornament, but it is often misplaced or unnecessary. In Fig. 12 a simpler arrangement and the use of lighter rules does not interfere so much with the type dis¬ play, and the type itself set in lower-case is not quite so awk¬ ward as shown in Fig. 11, chiefly because not crowded by the panel rules. The right association of type-faces is one of the problem% that confronts the job compositor, and much faulty display is the result of untrained taste in this particular. Ornamental faces should not be brought together, as a rule, nor faces that differ slightly in design, like French and Caslon old-style. The use of one face throughout is the most satisfactory and artistic way whenever possible. Very few faces are designed in reference to association with others, and will dissent and conflict if brought together. Fig. 13 shows this misuse of dis¬ play. The faces shown do not in the least degree harmonize, and what was intended as a rather pretentious page is marred .... REPORT .... /i\i55ioff u/oi^\ Negroes _ ? Indians n January ? m 1904 REPORT OF THE MISSION WORK THE NEGROES AND INDIANS Fig. 13. Fig. 14. by the type selection. Apart from this, the display is too large and the design too ornamental for a title-page of the char¬ acter shown. A very plain, simple arrangement would have been more fitting. The effect of white space contrast is lost by filling all available space ^with ornamentation. Pieces of rule, word-ornaments and periods used as ornamental adjuncts at the end of- lines are in poor taste, because entirely super- 6-5 fluous. In resetting this page (Fig. 14), the extreme of simplicity is shown, particularly in type selection and arrange¬ ment. It seems rather bare in comparison with Fig. 13, but it is sufficient and appropriate for a title-page of the subject indi¬ cated. The advantages gained in appearance are apparent and have been accomplished entirely by elimination. In place of ornamental rulework and ornament, white space is used to give distinction to the type. In place of the three type-faces of widely different design, a single face is used. Any one of the three faces used in Fig. 13 would have been attractive by itself, but the three together do not make a harmonic trio. If Fig. 15 is a personal business card, as the wording indi¬ cates, in style it resembles a label. The ornamental border is misplaced and the type display, with the largest display lines below the center, is very awkward. The type selection is cor¬ rect, but its manipulation and the surrounding adornment is Fig. 15. all wrong. On any commercial stationery the name is the most important line. On the personal business card this is especially necessary, as association is to be established between the firm and its representative. Of course, a card is in a degree an advertisement, and it is expedient that the product or article aitscljul iBrotljns & Co. FRUITS AND PRODUCE Fig. 16. handled or made should be emphasized, but in displaying two things there will be conflict, so, for the sake of feature, it is best to display the firm name only. As a matter of fact, dis¬ play on a card is unnecessary beyond the firm name, as it is not competitive advertising and every thing on it will be read with attention. Plainness and neatness are the most desirable factors in its composition. In Fig. 15 the display is dispro- portioned. The firm name should be featured and the rest of the lines reduced in size. These changes are shown in Fig. 16. A plain rule border is most fitting for a business card. The name has been reset in a text because it makes an effective con¬ trast with the light gothic used. Contrast is a valuable factor in the production of attractive display, and the text shown can be used advantageously with plain, light-face letters. Both faces gain in distinction . by the ^association. By placing the main line somewhat above the center, shapeliness is attained. Good appearance always requires that the heaviest display should be above the center. This is where Fig. 15 departs from the best arrangement. 850 THE INLAND PRINTER 7oftirr'Sa’S;«Xh olZl!lT “Who” and “Whom.” — J. C. W-, Brooklyn, New York, writes: “You will doubtless be surprised when I tell you that I can not comprehend the distinction between the nominative and objective cases. I do not know why it is; but, after read¬ ing your remarks on the matter, I was still puzzled to know when to say ‘ who,’ and when ‘ whom.’ ” Answer. — This is not so surprising as one might think it would be. Probably it is failure to comprehend the distinction that causes so many erroneous uses of the words to appear in print. Hundreds of writers have published explanations of the cases, and it is hardly conceivable that any one of them did not think he had made a clear treatment. Nominative means merely naming, subjective. A noun or a pronoun is in the nominative case when it is the subject — that is, when used for the person or thing about which something is said ; of a person, the agent or doer of the act or action done. Objective means naming as an object. A noun or a pronoun is in the objective case when it is the object of a verb or a preposition — that is, when used for a person or thing which is acted upon ; of a person, the one to or on whom the act or action is done. In the simplest t of the words, it is very easy to use them correctly, eak of one whc given. But d when ad< is not so obvious. Yet even then it may e by noting whether the pronoun is used for an actor or agent or for something acted upon; for the first the right word is “ who,” and “ whom ” is right for the other. Need for New Verbs. — The St. James’s Gazette says that “ we want popular verbs for several operations introduced by modern science. The X-rays, the Finsen treatment for lupus, the operation of radium for cancer, and what not — what are the words for these?” It seems likely that, if the need for a single verb for any of these ever becomes pressing, some suit¬ able word will be found. Meantime why not rest satisfied with the phrases we now have, as “ treated with X-rays,” etc. ? Such cases do not yet seem to present an urgent demand for single words, as their mention is not sufficiently frequent. Spelling. — Following is a letter from H. C. Hensel, Chi¬ cago : “ In an article by Prof. Brander Matthews on ‘ The Development of the English Language,’ the author reviewed the many evidences that the English language is becoming a. world-conqueror, and urged that this is an added reason why- some plainly desirable changes in the spelling and pronuncia¬ tion of words be adopted, especially in the matter of omitting letters that are not only silent, but incongruous in the appear¬ ance of words. Unfortunately, he has followed the practice of all other leaders in this line of thought by insisting that as a first requisite for an effort to correct these abuses the writing public shall adopt ‘ altho ’ and ‘ thru.’ I am out of patience, and it is time some one should tell these so-called reformers that the writers will never, never, never adopt 1 altho ’ and ‘ thru.’" Their battle-flag for twenty years has borne these words, yet neither has been adopted to any noticeable extent. They have said in effect that the silent letters in these words are so palpa¬ bly useless that if writers refuse to adopt the change there is no¬ hope for other corrections. They have said, recognize our efforts by accepting these changes and we will offer others and astonish you with the improvement in our language. But the: writers have replied that these particular changes do not appeal to them and they will not adopt them. They do not know why, but a deadlock comes with the reformers’ ‘ You must ’ and the writers’ ‘ We won’t.’ Their attempt to force- these words upon the people has cast discredit upon every effort to correct faults in our language. “Why? Because the people do not care for phonetic spell¬ ing, a spoiling of our language by abbreviations that sacrifice- the appearance and meaning of words. We have the best lan¬ guage on earth, and while a little trimming and revising is- desirable, it would be folly to ruin it by reducing it to a system- of shorthand. This particularly applies to the two words in dispute. ‘Thru’ does not mean ‘through.’ It is one of the- beauties of the English language that the spelling and pro¬ nunciation of a word conveys the idea independently of the- memory of the meaning of the word in the listener’s mind. One who does not understand the langi tion, can understand the character of ; pronunciation of the words. For instance, nounce ‘ love ’ in ordinary conversation a pression that war or hatred or murder is 1 War sounds like war. One would i ‘ hesitate ’ were pronounced, no matter if the words wei THE INLAND PRINTER 851 known. So it is with j through.’ The meaning of the word is the opposite of anything as short, as quick, as tense as ‘ thru.’ To understand this word one must, in his subcon¬ sciousness, realize that the matter or article enters into and passes through something. While one perhaps can not pro¬ nounce ‘ thru ’ differently from ‘ through,’ there is an involun¬ tary, a jerky attempt to do so. At least there is a lack of that infinitesimal pause in our consciousness that gives us in the use of the word that full realization of its meaning that is so precious a part of our language. The same argument is true of 1 although.’ In the pronunciation of this word there is a pause almost equal to that where a comma is used. The mean¬ ing of the word implies a change of ideas. In real meaning it is almost as strong as saying: However, I do believe. To cut down this word merely to leave out letters because they seem to be useless is to influence the pronunciation unfavorably. “ The use of words is to convey ideas. I believe that ‘ although ’ conveys the idea better than ‘ altho,’ and nearly all the writers seem to agree with me in spite of resolutions, and in defiance of the fact that an aggressive battle for these two changes has been waged for twenty years. “ See how readily the people have given up and nearly for¬ gotten waggon, centre, (economics, etc. A change that appeals to the people of this country as a wise one is readily adopted if there be only a leader to make the suggestion. “ Another illustration of the refusal to change the spelling of a word because of the fullness of its meaning is found in the word ‘ honor.’ Americans quickly adopted it, the English have persistently clung to the old spelling. Why? Because the word has a different meaning to each. When the English¬ man pronounces the word ‘ honour ’ he means something exalted, something unusual ; it has within it all the traditions of family and state. It is something to be proud of, some¬ thing to defend. But when the American says ‘ honor ’ he means something that is a matter of course, something usual, a short, snappy, there-is-no-chance-for-argument sort of feeling. The ‘honor’ of our flag — yes, we will scrap for it in a min¬ ute. The ‘ honor ’ of my name — hit the man and let him apologize afterward. “ It seems to me that the reason why the English language is becoming a world-conqueror is because of the unusual strength and diversity of meaning of so many of its words. It is an education to be able to speak the language even fairly well. With no other language is the subconsciousness so alert. The brain is active in thinking of much that may be uninten¬ tionally expressed as well as finding the best words to convey the ideas. No other language contains the possibilities of double meanings, of play upon words, of shades of meaning, of emotions. Since practice brings strength to the brain as well as to the muscles of the body, the mere use of our lan¬ guage is a constant schooling. The natural result is that those who acquire the language also acquire an educated and alert subconsciousness, and this is bringing the English-speaking people into the role of world-conquerors. “ We owe it to the people who are being introduced to our language, as well as to ourselves, to trim it of some of its absurdities, such as the d in Wednesday and the r in Feb¬ ruary. There should be a recognized authority to recommend such changes, but this authority must be sensible and practical rather than extremists who offer changes more ridiculous than the acknowledged faults they condemn. We have had many attempts at establishing such authority, even the great national convention of teachers having passed resolutions on the sub¬ ject. Unfortunately, all have made the same mistake of insist¬ ing upon the adoption of ‘ altho ’ and ‘ thru,’ and the people persistently refuse to adopt either. Let the word-reformers drop these words and recommend others, and we may see more changes adopted in a year than have been made in the past twenty years. “ It is understood, of course, that dictionaries can not be recognized as authorities to recommend changes in words. Dictionaries are histories, not authorities except as they are recognized in the absence of better information. They record the opinions of eminent scholars that a certain spelling and pronunciation of each word is accepted by a majority of the best writers. There has been some effort to force them upon the people as the supreme authority, but many failures show that the common sense of the people is superior to the com¬ mands of the dictionary-makers. There are changes being constantly made, however, and we need more of them, and if READY TO FOCUS. Photo by Charles Lowater, Spring Valley, Wisconsin. there were a recognized authority to make reasonable sug¬ gestions, the people would eagerly take up with them and the dictionaries would follow with the revised spelling and pro¬ nunciation.” Capitalization. — Miss Gladys Walton, St. Louis, Mis¬ souri, contributes the following remarks on capitalization : “ It has been observed recently that some of the leading news¬ papers — newspapers of world-wide circulation — have degen¬ erated to lower-casing the initials of all but the first word in the names of corporations, associations, and 'the like. The Brooklyn Rapid Transit Company, for instance, appears as ‘ the Brooklyn rapid transit company.’ Printing this name in this way makes it impossible to tell, without the possession of extraneous information, whether the writer means the com¬ pany in Brooklyn which provides transit for passengers in a rapid manner, or a corporation having the name of Brooklyn Rapid Transit Company. For this and similar reasons, it is evident that to capitalize only the initial letter of ‘ Brooklyn ’ in this name does not clearly indicate that ‘ The Brooklyn Rapid Transit Company’ is a corporate name. An example of even greater ambiguity arising from the failure to capitalize the initial letters of all important words in the name of a corpora¬ tion, association, or the like, is to be found in the practice of leading newspapers in printing the name of a certain country club, in the vicinity of one of our big cities, with, no capitals at all. The name of the club is the ‘ Country Club,’ but it appears in the newspapers as the ‘country club,’ which could be taken to mean any one of the numerous country clubs sit¬ uated in the suburbs of that city, such as, for instance, the Normandy Golf Club or the Glen Echo Club, each of which is, speaking descriptively, a country club. Lower-case initials speak descriptively, and (to use a logical phrase) not for the purpose of detonation. It has long been the rule and custom to capitalize the initial letter of each important word in the name of a corporation, an association, or the like, and, when the best newspapers, which stand as criterions for all news¬ papers of lower standing, depart from so beneficial a custom, they introduce a pernicious practice, which is contrary to rea¬ son, as above shown, and which ignores one of the require- 852 THE INLAND PRINTER ments of good printing, as will r day, when our library tables are t read, it is far r 3 scan all that comes from the press. that his publications may be as c or the Norn Brooklyn ra the corpora reading and study of good books, and, above all, that v and considering of them which Lord Ba« EMPLOYMENT BUREAU RESULTS. I wish to say that I have received nearly seventy-five om the list sent out by you, and such fine offers, t< ley are too far away to suit my family, it seems. Woi i locate near by. I receive them from Io A “T.-F.’ You are quite right in y it a loss to me if I should have to Buecher, New Durham, New Jersey. MACHINE COMPOSITION/ ehended at the first reading. That he i any of the known helps, such as the j one, so that there ipher them. The introduction of dia- xom time to time, has been a great 1 of the initial letters of proper nouns al sense, for the ht be able to deduce that by the £ country club,’ ;iven above, is not meant the Glen Echo Club f Golf Club, but the Country Club ; that “ the name of that company; and that by the “St. J Association, and not The St. Louis Industrial hich it might well be taken to signify, for the latter is an association of St. Louis manufacturers. We of the the newspapers mean. We read the daily, weekly, and monthly publications, but especially the daily newspaper, that we may know what is going on in the world, and it is the printer’s duty, especially in the epheme anxious to get settled for a home, and if the offers were not so far away I would have been settled long ago. I expect to get one soon by your list at a nearer point. — W. H. Willis, nsas f Assi. IS-”" PlililSiPi That there should be a space of fifteen thirty-seconds of an inch between the clutch collar on the driving shaft and the inside of the shaft bearing when the clutch is in action. That this adjustment is made on the old-style machines by the nuts on the end of the clutch rod. That the thickness of the c PRINTING AND PUBLISHING. nd publishing, and in Conclusion said: “Now you may print a kiss on my cheek, but you must With that he locked the fair form in his arn press.— Wh England Grocer. That this is the first adjustment to make on the clutch. That the screw between the two parts of the vertical stop lever is the means of adjusting the position of the forked lever. That, with the clutch in action, there should be one thirty- second of an inch between fork and collar on shaft. That the spring tension of the clutch should exert a pull That tension may be adjusted by the driving shaft in the new machine the old. ; in end of t I do not wish would consider inue it.— G. R. During the last ten days of April the Lond agency sold twenty machines. In one English city the Mono¬ type casting machine is operated by a woman. So far as THE INLAND PRINTER 853 known this is the only instance in which a man is not employed in this capacity. During the months of May' and June ninety-six Monotype casting machines and 126 keyboards were sold, and the totals for the first six months of the present year amounted to 241 casters and 31 1 keyboards. Flat Rollers. — L. A. B., Moundsville, West Virginia, writes : “ I would like to ask what should be done in case the rollers that follow the cams numbers 1, 4, 5 or 6 on the Lino¬ type should stop now and then when they ought to be moving with the cams, thus making the roller rough or worn in places ? What is the cause ? ” Answer. — Failure to properly oil the machine causes flat rollers. The rollers which rest on the cams should be watched and their pivots carefully oiled to prevent them becoming dry and binding the rollers. Other- the keyboard, they use two or three slugs to pound on the top of the magazine. I have often complained of this to the manager, but he overlooks it. Pray tell me how many, if any, have to put up with such annoyances as these for the magnifi¬ cent sum of $18 per week.” Oil Burners. — J. P., Philadelphia, asks: “(1) Has the Government any double-magazine Linotypes at the Govern¬ ment Printing-office at Manila? (2) Describe the care and adjustment and grade of oil used in the Linotype oil burners; also amount of oil used per hour.” Answer. — (1) The Gov¬ ernment Printing-office in Manila has four pica machines (Model 3). It has no double-magazine Linotypes. (2) Coal- oil burners for Linotypes must be cleaned daily to get the best results, especially the ring into which the oil drops and where it is converted into gas. Carbon forms here and must be ® llKKlf! (• |W * ® +++ +++ *++ ++* + *4-* + ** + + + + ** + + + *-** + ** + + * + + * + + + + ** + + *-* + + +**** +++++ +++ V + +++ +++ + ® iWisi ® lW»§ ® t!Wi&! LINOTYPE border design. sed by Student in Machine Composition Department of Inland Printer Technical Schoi wise in a short time a flat place will be worn on the roller and adjustments will be affected. For Tabular Work. — M. F. Britt, of Terre Haute, Indi¬ ana, a Linotype operator, has patented a matrix-stick for justi¬ fying table headings in Linotype work. Any one who has had occasion to set tabular matter on the Linotype realizes the difficulty of accurately justifying the headings over the columns. Mr. Britt’s device will materially assist in this par¬ ticular. He provides a steel stick not unlike a regular com¬ posing-stick, with a slot in which a slug can be clamped. One side of the stick is adjustable and can be set to line with the figures in the column on the slug, and the matrices justified to exactly align with the figure columns. Each column can be separately justified, and when the matrices are placed in the machine and the slug cast, headings and figure columns will be in exact alignment. The device is being patented. A New Source of Trouble. — K. F., a New Jersey martyr, writes : “ I take the privilege of asking, through your maga¬ zine, how many of your readers have trouble as I have. In the plant where I am employed there are five machines, four of which are operated by girls (they have not the least idea of the printing business or the mechanical parts of the machines), the other one by myself; I fill the bill as operator- machinist. These girls continually use the screw-driver and alter adjustments, such as the adjustment in the spaceband box, the separator adjustment and pot governor; also, if a matrix does not respond at first tap (I mean first pound) on removed. If metal-pot leaks, this ring will catch the metal and cause oil to overflow. The flow of oil to burner must be only sufficient to be properly converted to gas. The governor which regulates the feed of oil after metal is hot works on the same principle as the gas governor, and the needle-valve regulates the flow. About one gallon is consumed in twenty- four hours, if burned continuously. Any good quality of oil can be used. Loose Spaceband Sleeves. — G. R., California, writes : “ Will you kindly furnish me, through The Inland Printer, a minute description of the wheel mentioned by J. E. E., Washington, D. C., for cleaning bands — thickness of felt on hub, and its quality or density, as compared with the felt used for soft packing on country cylinder presses. Also, with reference to what he says about the bands (when sleeves are loose) going into vise one-thousandth of an inch shy; are they not planed to back of vise with the matrices when pot comes up first time? Kindly explain just where and in what manner the hair-lines are produced by the loose sleeves. Excuse my obtuseness, but I hanker for the root of this matter.” Anszver. — A buffing wheel as described by our corre¬ spondent can be made by cutting about two dozen circular pieces, about five inches in diameter, from such felt as men¬ tioned, and mounting them between washers of three inches diameter bolted together on a shaft. Our belief is that a buffing wheel is not the best means of polishing spacebands. The letter was published for what it was worth and for the 854 THE INLAND PRINTER sake of bringing about a discussion of the subject. Loose sleeves would seem to have little to do with causing hair-lines, but improperly repaired bands a great deal. Letters Not Dropping. — An operator writes: “The machine on which I work is very old and worn. The day man and I have gone over it carefully and adjusted many parts. Our worst trouble has been with the escapement, apparently. For instance, if the lower-case ‘ e ’ is held down, the keyrod will move up and down for some time and then suddenly, lift but part of the distance one stroke. The pawls and verge we replaced with new ones ; we put on new rollers and the ‘ e ’ cam is a new one. The cam revolves all right, but there is still that occasional hesitation that results in an occasional transposition. At a venture we changed the triggers last SIMPLEX ONE-MAN TYPESETTER IN “BOX OF CURIOS” OFFICE, YOKOHAMA, JAPAN. night, finding the ‘ e ’ cam trigger worn more than the rest. The day man told me to-day that it worked all right. Could that, or dirt about the trigger, have caused the trouble ? ” Answer. — It is difficult to say without being on the spot what prevented letters from dropping. Frequently this is caused by keyboard rollers being speeded so high as to cause escapement to reverse so rapidly as to catch second matrix before it has time to slide over the pawls. This is aggravated, of course, by dirty matrices or magazine, or damaged or bent matrices. The triggers can have nothing to do with it. If too stiff a spring is used on the keyrod to restore it, frequently the rubber roll will be compressed and the keyrod thus prevented from making full up stroke. Imperfect Face on Slug. — L., New Jersey, writes : “ I am sending you in separate package four Linotype slugs. The faces of three of them are imperfect on right-hand side. We can not lay the blame on the metal, as the face of the fourth slug, taken from another machine using same metal, is all right. The holes in mouthpiece were clear when slugs were made. The face of slug would be just as imperfect were metal hotter. The mouthpiece has been removed and all dross cleaned out thoroughly, with no lasting good results. Putting blower on the mouthpiece does not cure the trouble. Burners have been thoroughly cleaned. It looks like a simple case of cold metal, or obstruction in mouthpiece, but it is neither. The obstruction is behind the mouthpiece and not always up against it, and will form again very shortly after being thor¬ oughly cleaned. No trouble with other machines using same metal. Dross is skimmed from metal regularly. I notice I am getting the benefit of only half of the last hole in mouth¬ piece, but that is not the cause, for it has been so only two days, while the bad face has been with us many weeks.” Answer. — The last sentence of the above letter contains the key to the trouble, notwithstanding its disavowal by the writer. Every hole in the mouthpiece must show full and round on bottom of slug. Especially must the end hole be fully exposed to mold cell, otherwise the thin stream of metal which enters the mold will chill before it strikes the face of the matrix. If the face of slug was bad when mouthpiece holes were in proper position, the cause must have been in stoppage of holes by dross or dirt. In remedying one cause the second was created when replacing the mouthpiece. A tough steel wire can be used to open holes in mouthpiece with¬ out removing it, by lowering vise to second position and drawing mold forward and grasping the wire with a pair of pliers and tapping it with a hammer. Withdraw the wire after each tap to prevent it getting stuck in the hole. Extra heat applied to the mouthpiece will help to dislodge dross from holes. Linotype Adjustments. — G. E., Maryland, writes: “ Kindly give me following information through your valuable column: (i) What is the exact distance between the eyebolts of first elevator connecting link? There is a measurement for this but I have forgotten. (2) When above adjustment is obtained, how should first elevator cam roller be adjusted? Should this be made when machine is normal or at some point in action? (3) In the machine I am on, after the cast has taken place, the pot is often held up by plunger seeming to bind in well, and then goes back with a thump. Plungers are cleaned twice daily, so I am not bothered with dirt. Plunger has a couple of bright spots which indicates binding some¬ where. Can it be that it swells, or is it the well needs clean¬ ing? (4) When mold-turning square bush does not fit close to cam shoes and they (the cam shoes) have to be moved closer, is there any rule to follow so that mold wheel will lock up pn bushings without friction. I have moved cam shoes on one machine as close as they could be moved and there is still some friction when going on pins.” Answer.- — (1) The first elevator connecting link should be adjusted so that there is a space between shoulder of top screw and top of spring chamber of three-quarters of an inch, and three-sixteenths of an inch at bottom between shoulder of screw and bottom of chamber. (2) The first elevator lever can now be adjusted, after slacking the screw in bottom of first elevator slide, so that the cam will drive the elevator about one-eighth of an inch above the point where guide block on second elevator transfer slide meets guide on first elevator head. This adjust¬ ment is made by the screw in the auxiliary lever when elevator is at highest point. Then adjust the screw in bottom of ele¬ vator slide to cause guide blocks to match. (3) Plungers swell and wells in pots warp with the heat, so plungers will bind occasionally, though clean. A little dressing at the bright spots will relieve the binding. (4) The brake on mold¬ turning shaft should be kept adjusted to hold shaft steadily. Ejector slide should be adjusted high enough by screws which raise the plate so that mold disk rises slightly when going on to locking pins. Trimming Knives and Other Troubles. — An operator- machinist in the West writes: (1) “I took off a pair of old knives (low ones) and put on a pair I found in the office that were high; had the old ones ground, but too much was taken off back knife, so it would not set up enough to trim. Had THE INLAND PRINTER 855 quite a time with knife-wiper, but got it to work all right. The old knife being low and the new one high, the knife- wiper had to be built up so it would run fiat up and down. I will enclose slugs that you may see my trouble. The nine- point slug measures .126 at top, but lower down it is thinner. Now the back knife is trimming as close as I can set it and not cut off the tops of the capitals, for, as you see, there is no ‘hang over.’ It just started since I changed knives, but can not see where the knives have anything to do with it. I took off mold and set up plate as far as it would go; machine is locking true, as far as I can see. Another thing is, the slug hits the plate guide on the knife, and also on bottom guide that fits on the pins in the knife block, thus battering the end of the slug. I remedied this by fitting a brass piece on the lower screw that sets back knife so it could not hit the open¬ ing between bottom guide and back of knife. (2) What causes letters to jump out of assembler and also to assemble a thirteen-em line all right and stop star-wheel and not assemble on a twenty- four-em line?” Answer. — (1) The knives have been improperly ground and the right-hand knife gouges into the ribs and does not trim them evenly the entire depth of the slug. The knives must be sharp, but not have a razor edge, and it is most important that the faces of the knives through which the slugs pass have a parallel surface a short distance from the cutting lips. (2) Matrices will rebound from the assem¬ bler when the friction on assembler slide is worn and it fails to hold the slide firmly, or it may be caused by the points of the assembler-chute spring being bent too high, or too much space between assembler rails and chute spring. If star-wheel stops when assembling long lines, it is because the friction spring on the star-wheel shaft is slipping and needs attention. T he Double-decker. — A graduate of the Inland Printer Technical School writes the following interesting letter: “I remember an instructor in the Inland Printer Technical School once stated that the little things are the most difficult and the simplest the most inexplicable. I have realized the truth of that, three times at least. The first was while working on the “ double-decker.” The upper magazine worked all right, but the matrices clogged in the channel entrances of the lower magazine with every line. I tried everything I could think of, finally even attempting a readjustment of the position of the magazine, to no avail. After hours of tinkering, I discovered that the matrix guard of the lower magazine was thrown over. It sounds ridiculous, but the presence of the upper magazine makes the oversight easier. What promised to be a question worthy study was as follows : An old set of matrices had been discarded. A new set was provided, but failed to feed from the distributor-box, save by fits and starts. The font dis- tinguisher of the machine had been broken long before and removed entirely. The lift was correct. At last the cleaning of the distributor-shifter slide buffer obviated the difficulty. The old matrices were worn sufficiently to permit the buffer to incline them at a slight angle and yet they passed from the box to the screw. Again, the vise automatic failed to do its duty. An effort to adjust it failed. At times a thin-space would throw off the clutch ; again, a line loosely spaced would stop the machine; and, again, a brevier slug beneath the ele¬ vator head would fail to check it. A long course of reasoning from cause to effect and vice versa failed to discover the trouble. At last it was discovered that the vise-automatic stop-rod pawl spring had been left out. This caused the erratic performance, and, on being replaced, the adjustment was perfect. These are little things ; so little I confess they escaped me for some time. The big things are easy to see and understand, even if they are hard to remedy. A word regard¬ ing the double-decker. I believe it is advantageous to a large newspaper plant, as one of a battery, to be used exclusively as a head-letter or special machine. In job offices, where there is much work requiring two special fonts, it is a good thing. Personally, I would prefer the single-magazine Linotype, and I believe the advantages it has will outweigh the deficiencies. The addition of Very considerable quantities of belting, the extra wheels, screws, etc., make it impossible to run the double-decker as fast as the single-magazine machine. Chang¬ ing, where one has extra magazines on hand (almost a neces¬ sity), requires ordinarily about three minutes, I believe. With the double-decker the change requires, say, ten seconds, pro¬ viding that you wish merely to change to the other type in the mill, and to the same measure or body you have been setting, or to one which you have on the other side of the mold disk. As a head-setting machine it would be a wonder. I have never seen a test, but I believe an operator could make time in a week by using the single magazine, over a week with the double magazine, on an average of three changes a shift. The double-decker is a marvel, an admirable example of con¬ struction, but, except in a few cases, I believe the old style is more practical for the average newspaper or job office. The keyrods of the double-decker are difficult to place (I speak from experience), and the tortuous course of the lower-maga¬ zine matrix is something worthy of awe. One wonders that it gets around without being lost. Matrices frequently clog in the distributor chute, and I never found it in my heart to blame them. Sometimes they clog in the lower-magazine assembler chute, but not so often. When they do it is like fishing in a well to get them out. The difficulty in getting at some of the parts, and the stygian darkness of the inside of the under magazine, add to the list of disadvantages. The casting apparatus is practically the same as the smaller machine, of course. To sum up, the double-decker costs more, weighs more, is more complicated, is harder to care for, requires more power, is unhandy to work with (from a machinist’s point of view), is more easily put out of commis¬ sion, is higher, and consequently requires greater work and “ lift ” in changing magazines, and has two chances to “ buck ” for every one of the single-magazine machine. Over against that are the advantages of being able to change from one face of type to a second and back again with the stroke of a lever. Give me a late model, single-magazine machine, with as many extra filled magazines as are necessary, and I will not envy the man with two machines in one.” RECENT PATENTS ON TYPESETTING MACHINERY. Linotype Magazine. — J. M. Cooney and H. L. Totten, Sherman, Texas, assignors to Mergenthaler Linotype Com¬ pany. No. 759,501. Spaceband Buffer. — -J. N. Crofut, Brooklyn, New York, assignor to Mergenthaler Linotype Company. No. 759,502. Magazine for Linotypes. — P. T. Dodge, Washington, D. C., assignor to Mergenthaler Linotype Company, New York city, New York. No. 761,289. Linotype Mouthpiece. — P. T. Dodge, Washington, D. C., assignor to Mergenthaler Linotype Company. No. 764,116. Linotype Distributor Box. — D. S. Kennedy, Brooklyn, New York, assignor to Mergenthaler Linotype Company. No. 764,133- Linotype Assembling Mechanism. — J. Tunaley, Derby, England, assignor to Mergenthaler Linotype Company. No. 764,167. Linotype Matrix for Music Characters. — John Broadhouse, London, England. No. 764,793. Perforated Paper Controller. — Maurice Wehrlin, Paris, France, assignor to Compagnie Internationale de l’Electro- Typographe, Meray & Rozar, Paris, France. No. 765,057. Automatic Clutch for Typecasting and Composing Machine. — Same to same. No. 765,058. Type Casting and Composing Machine. — Same to same. No. 765,059. Typecasting Machine Die-case. — G. A. Goo'dson-, Provi¬ dence, Rhode Island. No. 765,775. Typecasting and Setting Machine. — j. C. Fowler, Balti¬ more, Maryland, assignor to Castotype Machine Company, Chicago, Illinois. No. 765,965. 856 THE INLAND PRINTER Editors and publishers of newspapers desiring criticism or notice of new features in their papers, rate cards, procuring of subscriptions and advertisements, carrier systems, etc., are requested to send all letters, papers, etc., bearing on these subjects to O. F. Byxbee, 829 Madison avenue, Scranton, Penn- Workmen in every branch of the printing and allied trades are requested to file their names, addresses and qualifications on THE INLAND PRINTER’S list of available employes. Reg¬ istration fee, $1. Name remains on list and is sent to all inquirers for three months; privilege of renewal without further charge. Employers are invited to call upon us for competent help for any department. List furnished free. Spec¬ ification blanks on request. Enclose stamp when inquiring for list of available employes. Address, The Inland Printer Company, Chicago. The following list of books is given for the convenience of readers. Orders may be sent to The Inland Printer Company. Ch ali.en's Labor-saving Records. — Advertising, subscription, job- printers’. 50 pages, flexible binding, $1; 100 pages, half roan, cloth sides, $2, and $1 extra for each additional 100 pages. Contests in Typographical Arrangement, Volume I, containing 230 advertisements, submitted in a contest conducted by The Inland Printer. A valuable collection for comparison and study. 40 cents. Starting a Printing-office. — By R. C. Mallette and W. H. Jack- son. A handbook for those about to establish themselves in the printing business and for those already established. Cloth, 90 pages, $1.50 postpaid. Gaining a Circulation. — A book of 60 pages; not a treatise, but a compilation of more than five hundred practical ideas and suggestions from the experiences of publishers everywhere, briefly stated and clas¬ sified for practical use; a valuable aid. Price, $1, postpaid. Establishing a Newspaper. — By O. F. Byxbee. Not only a hand¬ book for the prospective publisher, but contains suggestions for the financial advancement of existing daily and weekly journals. Covers every phase of the starting and developing of a newspaper property. i L. Shuman, author of “ Steps . _ „ _ „ len and women who intend to be - - - — tells how a great paper is organized, how positions are secured, how reporters and editors do their work, and how to win promotion. There are chapters on running country papers, avoiding libel, women in journalism, and on the latest methods of big dailies. Covers the whole field of newspaper work, and tells just what the beginner wants to know. Cloth, i2mo, $1.37, postpaid. John M. Reed, Humeston (Iowa) Advocate. — The ad. of Mr. Kibben is set in good taste, except that the display at the bottom should have been in contrasting sizes. The Philadelphia Public Ledger has a unique way of prov¬ ing that it has the largest circulation in the home circle, when it states that 5,164 deaths and 153 marriages were advertised in its columns during the year ending June 1. This is con¬ siderably in excess of any other Philadelphia paper, and the Ledger claims that whereas this business is not solicited “ the only possible influence is the preference which the family feels for any one particular newspaper — hence where this prefer¬ ence is so very marked among all the families who have occa¬ sion to announce deaths or marriages (and they certainly con¬ stitute the mass of the community that stands for something) — that newspaper must have the preference and greater circu¬ lation among that mass.” Soliciting subscriptions with a rural mail wagon is rather a unique idea which is being utilized by the Nevada (Iowa) Journal. The wagon is of the usual size and appearance and appropriately lettered. It is being driven about the country by a Journal representative, who solicits and collects subscrip¬ tions and advertising and tacks up Journal advertising matter. W. C.' Deming, publisher of the Wyoming Tribune, Chey¬ enne, Wyoming, recently completed a very successful cowboy contest, in which five prizes were offered, including two trips to the World’s Fair. Twenty-five votes were allowed for each 50 cents paid on subscription, and as 219,186 votes were cast, it would indicate that the receipts were something over $4,300. Mr. Deming writes that the contest “ has had the excellent result of making the Tribune practically the only paper with a general State circula¬ tion, as the greater number of the new subscribers were ranchmen whose sub¬ scriptions have been hard to get, as they live in such isolated places that soliciting is very expensive. Professional cards are always difficult to display in a uniform and artistic manner, and the accompanying reproduction (No. 1), greatly reduced, from the Brodhead (Wis.) Register gives a strik¬ ing illustration of what can be done with but little effort. It might be possible to have the type used more uniform in style, but the omission of column rules and general arrangement is certainly commendable. The Biloxi (Miss.) Herald uses a neat style for this class of ads., following the same style of Office Honrs— 8:30 to IS; 1 to S Dr. A. B. RUSS DENTIST Office over Picard’s Emporium Successor toD.il. Nash W. WILLIAMS DENTIST Office in bulldlnj formerly occupied by Bank ol Biloxi Telephone 2Z4 Smith’s Stable F. McCOY, M. D. C. VETERINARIAN TREATS ALL DOME STIC ANIMALS Fig. 2. GREEN COUNTY BANK j I >W. c. -1. 1 VAN | DR. IT. 11. P.4 RKFz, | BRODHEAD R0I.I.LR MILLS A. J. Wagner | GEO. JBREZEE |j Marble A. ramie Monuments 1 j DRs 1 W NHZU.M. ! SUTHERLAND. J. B RICHARDS j JOHN ROLLER, JR. | Barber 6 Co. M ART^PHOTOGRA^HERS J. A. ROLLER Hubert Willis, >1. D. j liziEdi Heddles Lumber Co. | Cobb OBrooKs, [ j * BA RTLETT BROS* | B artletV W a go ns & Carriages. Dr. 1. W . I .iirman j Olsen Bros. Brodhead Machine 0 Foundry Co. | DRS. FLEEK & MITCHELL | Dr. H. D. Kirkpatrick, ( Dentist. | s. M A SCHLEY j Or L- S. Darin Dr. C C. Everly, V S | BURR SPRAGUE | E. C. Stewart is Co. | DR. TRANK DAV|S | K. O. LOFTHUS, INSURANCE ! „ | YOU IS G HOTEL , This Space for Sale Fig. 1. IDYLLS OF THE COUNTRY— No. IX FOOD FOR KIDS THE INLAND PRINTER 857 type very closely, as shown in the three ads. reproduced (No. 2). Ad.-setting Contest No. 16 was announced last month. It is sure to prove most instructive, and those who overlooked the announcement should refer to the August number and get in their specimens, which must reach me before September 15. Jo Broom, Auckland, New Zealand, writes as follows: O. F. Byxbee: Dear Sir, — With this mail I have sent you two proofs of a news¬ paper ad. recently set by me. The one marked “ A.” represents the ad. as first displayed and submitted to the advertiser, and that marked “ B ” as it finally appeared when altered according to his instructions. Will you kindly state if and where the first arrangement was faulty, and if the advertiser’s arrangement was an improvement. Yours sincerely, Jo Broom. The two ads. are reproduced, much reduced in size. There is no question but that A is the better ad. The omission of the regular custom which does not appear to have anything to commend it. The Tribune is a bright, newsy paper, well put together and nicely printed. Pilot Point (Tex.) Post-Signal. — The first line of the display head in your issue of July 6 is too small. Always write the first line- short enough so that it can be set in type that will not be overshadowed by the body of the article. The better way is to select a standard letter for display heads and write the heads to fit the type, instead of finding a type which will fit the head. Items of correspondence should be graded as carefully as those under “ Purely Personal.” Oneida County Gazette, Whitesboro, New York.. — I can see no improvement since your paper was criticized in May. Bronson & Nichols, publishers of the Thomas (Okla.) Tribune, sent out the following unique ^circular, soliciting advertising for their anniversary edition, which they char¬ acterize as a “ business getter.” It is certainly original and straightforward, and should at least arrest the attention of a prospective advertiser : The Best is the Cheapest ! ! thing but the Best, especially in Butter World -famous Butter These Brands are the Best!! THE NEW ZEALAND DAIRY ASSOCIATION, LTD. The Best is the Cheapest ! ! You may WEAR any quality you please, but you should never EAT any- thingbutthe Best, especially in Butter World-Famous Butter THESE BRANDS ARE THE BEST They are sold by all Storekeepers and Dairymen throughout the Province. THE NEW ZEALAND DAIRY ASSOCIATION, LTD. cross rules from B causes the ad. to lose in balance and attractiveness, and the setting of “ These brands are the best ” in such large type detracts materially from “ World-Famous Butter,” which stands out nicely in A, while in the latter ad. proper prominence is also given the first-mentioned clause. Criticisms. — The following papers were received marked “ For Criticism,” and brief suggestions are made for their improvement : Biloxi (Miss.) Herald. — The presswork on the Herald is not as good as it should be; a little more impression is needed principally. The “ Personal ” column in the issue of July 4 is commendable, but the admission of paid matter in twelve-point gothic badly disfigured this department on July 16. Bay City (Mich.) Tribune. — I note that the suggestions made in June have been adopted. The Tribune is a thoroughly up-to-date and commendable paper. Franklin (Ind.) Republican. — Two of the issue? show an uneven color. Your double heads have too much space on either side of the dashes; both dashes should be the same length, or the second one might be omitted entirely. Ads. are very creditable. Peekskill (N. Y.) Union.- — In making up a paper, the longer headed articles, which are presumably the most important, should go first, grading down to the shortest. This applies equally to plate matter, and you should not be afraid of using the saw to accomplish the desired end. Wyoming Tribune, Cheyenne, Wyoming. — It is very unusual to see the last page of a paper used for editorial, and it is a change from the One year is a brief interval, more so when one is busy. We have been constantly at work building Thomas and Oklahoma, and it seems but yesterday since we printed the first anniversary number of Thomas and the Tribune. Old Father Time’s clock has ticked off another year and we find ourselves preparing the second anniversary edition, which must be printed before August 22, for the expectant public demands it. It is your duty, as well as ours, to show your face, your new home and your business on anniversary occasions. If you do not, folks will say you are a “ dead one,” and people sometimes tell the truth. Isn’t it a fact that a criticizing public often spurs us to our duty, and even success? Without a doubt the second anniversary number of the Tribune, this year, will be the handsomest newspaper ever printed in Oklahoma. The number will be printed on rose-tint book. The exact color and size not being kept in stock by the big houses, an order was given to a paper mill some weeks since, and enough will be manufactured to cover Custer county like a blanket, with a surplus for the waiting world on the side. This reads nicely, doesn’t it? But the truth gives it force. Your face in ten thousand papers would look well, even if you are not real hand¬ some, but it would look better on rose-tint book, wouldn’t it? “Gather the roses while ye may,” for we won’t be here always. You will never miss us until we join the “ great majority ” of editors who are now plucking roses in heaven. It is wasting time to tell you that this great world of ours would virtually stop if the “ devil ” were to cease smearing printer’s ink on white and pink places. You already know this, but you are not game enough to buy a printing-press. Since you are wise thus far, you can show us that you are a Solomon by patronizing the swellest edition that was ever sent out of this country. Vote on this proposition at once, either for it 858 THE INLAND PRINTER W. T. Cresmer, advertising manager of the Fresno (Cal.) Democrat, always does something original. Reproduced here¬ with (No. 3) is a copy of his latest mailing card, which he sent out this year shortly in advance of his trip across country. Every year Mr. Cresmer makes a trip of about twelve thou¬ sand miles in the interest of his paper, and this bit of enter¬ prise always proves profitable. Hundreds of Good Ads.— There is such an avalanche of ads. sent each month for criticism that it is an absolute impos¬ sibility to mention them all. During the past month several large packages of really creditable specimens were received, but I can only refer to a very few. H. S. Wadham, of the Soft Coal nc Per Bushel in 50 bu. lots or over— well screened E. A. ROGERS Corner Kellogg and Berrien Streets tel 1 It Will Save You Lots of Money: The Closing Out Sale mg m Ok m' No. 7 Main Street — No. 5 Public Square itKornwebelslfssiiS Marysville (Kan.) Advocate-Democrat, has good ideas of ad. display, but none of his work is sufficiently distinctive or orig¬ inal to warrant reproduction. He should avoid displaying too much, and in some instances secondary lines should be set a Men’s $1.50 Negligee Shirts for $1.00 I Every Suit a New One $15 Suits for $9.85 This sale also includes our two-piece Suits in Wool Crashes and Homespuns Jarl ®> Nelson 130 Main Street little smaller. H. W. Hawley, of the Galesburg (Ill.) Repub¬ lican-Register, has a style all his own. From a batch of nearly one hundred ads. three are selected (Nos. 4, 5, 6) as showing some of the characteristics of his work. The ornament in No. 5 was not called for, but the large type certainly makes very striking ads. M. F. Branch, Jr., of the Crystal (Mich.) Mail, would improve his work by substituting light-faced rule for border in many instances. Daniel M. Berran, foreman on the Kennebec Journal, Augusta, Maine, sends the following suggestion for the han¬ dling of foreign advertising contracts : Editor Newspaper Work: Being a constant reader of The Inland Printer, and having gained a great deal of information from its contents, I am accordingly grateful, and have thought that if I ever ran across anything that would be useful to the trade I would make it known to The Printer. I am foreman of the newspaper department of the Kennebec Journal. This paper is one of the foremost of the State and enjoys a large advertising patronage, both local and foreign. I mention this in order to introduce what I wish to tell. Our foreign advertising was formerly very small, and little provision was made for handling the contracts, they being placed upon shelves, where they were constantly becoming mixed. As advertising increased it did not better things, you may be sure. Soon after I took charge I endeavored to convince the superintendent that something was needed and he agreed with me, but nothing was done at that time. Finally I drew up a plan of a cabinet and after a few changes it was built at a cost of about $18, and makes an ideal place to keep the ads. The following is a plan of the cabinet, to which doors can be added if The lower row of large compartments, which are about 2 feet wide, 1 foot high and 1 foot deep, are suitable for large contracts, which, of course, are the heaviest; the next row above, which is 1 foot each way, for the medium-sized contracts, and the top row, 1 foot high and 6 inches wide, for the small ones. The spaces can each be labeled how and when they run, and also the position': For instance, “ Peruna, full, p. 1, 3 or 3, Wed. and Sat.” Thus every contract is before you and any one of average intelligence can change the ads. I find it a great convenience, and thought perhaps some suffering THE INLAND PRINTER 859 Publishing Advertising at a Profit. — The following paper was prepared for presentation at a recent meeting of a State editorial association, but through a misunderstanding was not read. The suggestions made are timely and practical, and will b,e of interest to newspaper publishers generally: I venture the assertion that there is no State in the Union where the need for getting together of newspaper publishers on the question of advertising rates is so apparent as right here. There is little need of my stating that rates are low, very low — that fact is well known to us all. There is also little need of my stating that there is little real knowledge among us of where credits and commissions should be allowed among foreign advertisers, for every publisher knows for himself how many times he is deceived every year by unscrupulous advertisers and adver¬ tising agents. The remedy for this condition is in our own hands, right in our own organization. Do you want more foreign advertising; do you want to feel sure you will be paid for your advertising; do you want to get better rates? I thoroughly believe, gentlemen, that these things can all be brought about through our own press association, by the interested cooperation of its members. Our greatest need is a uniform basis of advertising rates. We should have a rate that will appeal to every publisher as equitable and just, and one that will pay the expenses of publishing our papers and leave us a little margin besides railroad passes, circus tickets and the “ fun ” that is supposed to be derived from being an editor. Rates generally in our newspapers, particularly rates for foreign advertising, compared with those secured in other States, are too low. I do not know that our editors are more gullible than others — perhaps they are more honest, or, rather, they have more faith in the honesty of their fellow men, and when an advertising agent throws up his hands when he is asked 5 cents an inch and says, “ Why, the Bingville Bugle, with a circulation fully as large as yours, will put that ad. top of column next to reading on two sides for 3 cents,” then Mi*. Editor says, “ Well, I guess if the Bugle can afford to do that, why, I can.” We want a system among ourselves whereby we can get the facts and get them willingly when such asser¬ tions are made. Mr. Editor’s relations with the Bugle should be such that he can call up that office on the telephone right then and there, or write for the information if he has no telephone, and find out just what kind of a contract has been made. I am not advocating a trust — I know some of my good friends have had a whole lot to say in their columns against trusts — but I do want to advocate cooperation and a friendly, fraternal feeling among us newspaper publishers. We need that confi¬ dence in each other and that interest in each other’s affairs that will enable us to build each other up instead of trying to selfishly build ourselves up at the expense of some other publisher. We do not need a trust that will elevate prices beyond reason and keep them there by sheer force of combination; but we do need to combine and agree upon a schedule of prices that will afford us all a living profit. There are not so many newspapers in our State but there is a profit for us all, but if one man had all the business in the State at the prevailing prices of some of our publications he would probably change his vocation within a year or be in the hands of the sheriff. I have no doubt that you gentlemen will agree that there ought to be a getting together on this question of advertising rates, “ But,” you ask, “ how is it to be done; what possible basis is there which will be accepted by all? ” I believe it is possible to find a basis, and one which will be accepted and adhered to by every member of this association, and through their influence I believe every publisher in the State can be easily persuaded to maintain the rate fixed up^on, whether he joins the association or not. Every commodity, every article, that is sold in any line of business, is sold at a price that is governed by its original cost, or by the cost of production, and advertising must be sold in the same manner if there is to be a profit. We are prone to consider that it will pay to accept busi¬ ness at a few cents below rate rather than lose it, as the amount received would be so much gain anyway. It costs the street car companies or the railroads no more to carry a few extra passengers, where there is room in their coaches, but they do not accept them at lower prices rather than lose them. We must ascertain what is the average cost per inch for the amount of advertising we are carrying, and make that the basis of all rates. It will not be difficult to arrive at this cost, and every member can and should figure it out for himself. If we do all this along the lines which I will propose, the result will certainly be educational, at least, and undoubtedly profitable, and I believe it will surprise us to find how near to each other we are on cost price. To simplify matters we should set against our income from subscrip¬ tions certain expenses, eliminating these expenses from the cost of production which must be borne by advertising. Dailies in the large cities consider that if the income from circulation covers the cost of white paper, cost of delivery and cost of securing subscribers, they are per¬ fectly satisfied. Let us see how this will apply to us. There are 180 weekly papers in this State with a subscription price of $1 a year. There are a few, only a very few comparatively, which charge $1.50, and about as many more which get less than $r. So that if we base our calculation on the dollar weekly we will come very near covering the whole field, and the same ratio will also apply to the $6 daily, as the price per copy is almost identical. The revenue from a circulation of one thousand weekly papers, after deducting bad debts and allowing for papers supplied gratis to advertisers and others is about $750 a year; in fact, actual figures in many instances prove it to be nearer $600. Deduct from this the cost of white paper or ready-print, express or freight, postage, cost of collection and procuring subscribers, including premiums, prizes or canvass, and see what you have left. If premiums or prizes are used, the probability is there will be nothing left, other¬ wise there might be a small margin, but if there should be a few dollars profit at the end of the year, let us say that the publisher is entitled to this profit on the subscription end of the business. Now, the advertising must pay every other expense attached to the publication of the paper, including a salary for the publisher. Right here is where many a proprietor makes a big mistake in his calculations. He figures out his expenses, if he ever figures them at all, but does not include a salary for himself, relying upon there being sufficient left out of his income to pay his living expenses, and frequently there is nothing at all left. No, the publisher’s salary is a most important item of expense; I might say the most important. In order that nothing will be over¬ looked, I will enumerate the expenses: First, the publisher’s salary, then the pay-roll, rent (or taxes, insurance and interest on money invested if the publisher owns his own building), insurance on stock, cost of fuel for heating and power, cost of light, express, freight, postage, ink and other supplies, and the item of depreciation should not be overlooked, as every year calls for an expense for new type, material or machinery. These are all items that every publisher can figure out for himself, and if we should all do so and afterward meet and compare results, I believe it would be found that we are very close together. Let us suppose a case as a basis of calculation: Pay-roll . Rent . Insurance . Heat, light and power . Express, freight and postage . . Ink and supplies . Depreciation . $1,895 paper, they indicate that it is ng of about $36 per week, or say nothing of a profit which Total . As these figures are based on a weekly { necessary to have a revenue from advertisin per issue, in order to cover expenses, to s should accrue to every publisher on capital invested in addition 1 living salary. This means that there must be carried in each issue of the paper 360 inches of advertising at an average price of 10 cents an inch, or 720 inches at 5 cents, to cover expenses. It requires six pages of a six-column paper to accommodate 720 inches of advertising. Do our weekly papers carry six pages of advertising, or are they getting an average of better than 5 cents an inch? If not, then they are losing money. Suppose we leave out the publisher’s salary entirely. We still have an annual expense of nearly $1,100, or $21 per week, to meet. Suppose we can secure fifteen columns of advertising, or 300 inches per wee'k, as the average for the year. Fifteen columns an issue is a liberal amount of advertising, but even with this we must secure 7 cents per inch to pay expenses, with absolutely nothing as a salary for the pub¬ lisher. If we include $800 for this, which is certainly low enough, we must get $36 per week from our 300 inches of advertising, or an average Now, what I believe we should do, what we must do if we wish to conduct business at a profit, is to figure out along this line what is absolutely the minimum price at which we can publish advertising and pay expenses, and then band ourselves together and agree not to accept an inch or a line of advertising at 1 mill below that price. I realize that the question of a salary for the publisher is one that some of our members may believe should not be considered in our figures, and sup¬ pose we eliminate this entirely from the consideration and rely upon the revenue from the short-time business, for which we can command a higher price, for our own salary and profit. At the figures I have cited it would then be necessary for us to fix upon a minimum rate of not less than 7 cents an inch, regardless of circulation. Suppose we agree to this as a minimum rate for the largest contracts on all papers of 500 circu¬ lation, and then agree upon an average increase over the minimum of say 1 cent an inch on every 500 additional circulation. This would make a table of minimum rates as follows: For papers of 500 circulation . 7 cents. In thus suggesting rates I am considering only weekly papers, as these represent the great majority of the interests of the State, although there certainly should be a similar agreement among the publishers of dailies, but I have not the time to handle both questions in one paper. 860 THE INLAND PRINTER Now, suppose we agree to this rate, or at least to some rate below which we will accept no business, we still have the problem of grading our prices for short-time business and small ads. While a fiat rate per inch is the simplest rate that could possibly be had, and has been adopted by a few papers in various parts of the country, it is not feasible for papers in our class, for this reason: In order to make such a rate profit¬ able it must necessarily be higher than the rates I have just quoted, or there would be no profit or salary to the publisher, and our largest adver¬ tisers could not be induced to pay several cents more an inch and be placed on the same basis as the man who advertises but one time, or the man who uses but one inch an issue. Such a rate is all right for such publications as the Ladies’ Home Journal, which can say, “ Well, that’s our rate and if you don’t want to pay it we don’t care; there are plenty of others who will.” While it is absolutely necessary that we be suffi¬ ciently independent not to accept business below cost, we can not hope to assume a position that will not stand careful dissecting, and one which we can not give logical reasons for assuming. The rate card that is apparently becoming most popular is one which is based upon the number of inches in each contract. The old-style card, which states a specific price for each contract, should have some logical basis for the prices named, but how few of them do! The most common custom appears to be to fix a price for one inch one time, and then add a little to it for each additional inch or insertion, endeavoring to reach a price at the conclu¬ sion for one column one year that will be a little lower than some com¬ petitor. Now, why shouldn’t we go a step further, and after fixing our minimum rate, which will apply to contracts for 1,000 inches, agree upon a percentage of increase in the price per inch until we reach a price for one inch one time? Of course, it will be a long step forward if we could at this meeting agree upon a minimum, but why not discuss the whole question here, or refer it to a committee to recommend a schedule of rates for future discussion, and adopt something at least temporarily that we can all thoroughly test and report upon at our next gathering for such changes as our experience may suggest are needed? Just as a suggestion I would propose that we fix upon rates that will be charged for various contracts from one to 1,000 inches. Suppose we find it necessary to make the divisions like this: i, to, 25, 50, 100, 250, 500 and 1,000 inches. And then suppose we add ten per cent to our minimum price for each division. Thus, if 1,000 inches cost 7 cents an inch, the next division will cost .077 per inch, or shall we say 8 cents an inch in rou,nd numbers. Carrying this idea through the list, we would have a card for papers with circulations of 500 like this: 2S S° 250 25 “ • 50 “ . 250 “ 500 “ But perhaps I am getting too deep into my subject and giving you too much detail, and should stick closer to the thought and point which I wish to impress forcibly upon your minds — the necessity for some concerted, cooperative action toward the betterment of advertising prices and conditions generally. In making an agreement to accept no advertising at less than 7 cents an inch I know that we must face the foreign advertiser and agent, who will throw up their hands with horror at the idea of paying such a rate, but if we are united and fixed in our determination to adhere to one rate, there will be little difficulty in overcoming the opposition to better prices. Just so long as we continue to allow the foreign advertiser to hammer down rates, just so long we will fail to secure profits. Why, all the foreign advertiser is trying to do is to find bottom, and just as soon as he finds bottom he stops hammering. When he strikes and finds the price is yielding, he simply strikes again, and again, and again, until he gets down to something solid. Can you blame him? The publisher who yields is only accumulating trouble for himself. There is no better time coming through a policy of this kind. He is put down as a more or less easy mark and it is known just how many letters and what kind of letters will be necessary to get a lower figure next time. Let me tell you right here the experience of a daily in a Northern State with a prominent advertising agency. This paper adopted what it considered equitable rates and determined to stick to them, come what may. In the past this agency has been able to get lower rates than those first quoted through much letter-writing and “ keeping everlastingly at it.” In a few instances, evidently where specific instructions had been given by the advertiser to use this paper, the agency yielded, but for a year or more it refused to place other business. After about two years the man in this agency who had direct charge of the placing of business in the newspapers became absolutely convinced that there was but one rate in this particular paper, and admitted that he was thoroughly convinced of that fact in a personal conversation with the publisher, and even complimented him very highly for his position, telling how much he wished every paper in the country had a rate which could be depended upon and do away with all the bother of writing letter after letter. Not two weeks after this conversation that same man sent this same pub¬ lisher a proposition below rates. A little later agent and publisher met again and the publisher said, “ What did you mean in sending me that proposition below rates after all the controversy we have had? You knew when you sent it I wouldn’t accept it.” “ Confound it,” he replied, “ why didn’t you write and tell me so. Give me h— 1, if you want to. I must have something to show my client or he will think I am giving his business to my friends without trying to get bottom rates.” Now, that little incident covers our case exactly and shows, us what we can do if we try. That paper is to-day carrying forty per cent more foreign advertising than it did before it adopted higher and fixed rates. If that paper, single-handed, in the midst of bitter competition, simply by fixed purpose can accomplish such results, how much easier ought it to be for us if we cooperate on a plan of this kind, and it becomes known that advertising can not be had in a single paper in the State at a lower price per inch than the price which we fix upon at this meeting. There is another feature of foreign advertising which I believe we could by concerted action improve upon. That is the question of allow¬ ing credits and commissions. The failure of Petingill & Co., owing the newspapers of this country nearly $1,000,000, shows to what extent pub¬ lishers are allowing advertisers credit. Other and small failures are occurring every few months and usually the publisher gets from 25 to 50 cents on a dollar of the amount due him. Then there is the adver¬ tiser who places his own business but demands the agent’s commission. There are instances where it is advisable to grant the commission, but there are many where it is not advisable. It is hard for the individual publisher to discriminate between commission and no commission, and between credit and no credit. He does not have the time to read all the trade papers, or keep in touch with all the agencies and all the business that is going out, in order to be loaded with the proper ammunition for the now and then stray contract that comes his way. Why would it not be a good idea for this organization to select one of its members, who has the ability and inclination to keep in thorough touch with all that is going on in the way of foreign business, who is centrally located so that mails could reach him promptly from any part of the State, and have him act as a manager of foreign advertising' for us all, our foreign repre¬ sentative if you please? It would be necessary for us to pay such a man something for his services, perhaps 50 or 75 cents, or even $1, a month, from each of us, but what would this be compared with the benefit that would be derived through additional business that would undoubtedly be brought to our attention, and bad debts that would be avoided? If we could interest every newspaper in the State, whether members of this association or not, fd Corbefl - Under this head will be briefly reviewed brochures, book¬ lets and specimens of printing sent for criticism. Literature submitted for this purpose should be marked “ For Criticism,” and directed to The Inland Printer Company, Chicago. W. G. Wilkes, Biloxi, Mississippi. — The bill-head amply fulfills all the requirements of that useful business form. The main line should have been slightly letter-spaced and the space between the words lessened. Rein Lithographing Company, Orange, Texas. — The card is very attractive. One error is the crowding of the top and bottom margins by the type. About a quarter of an inch margin is sufficient for a card. W. B. Bullock, Newport, Vermont. — The type arrangement does not justify the assertion made in regard to prompt and pleasing printing. The conventional arrangement would have been preferable, although not so original. D. Campbell, Norfolk, Virginia. — An announcement or notice of a meeting is a printed letter and should be set in a simple fashion with¬ out borders or ornaments. Only on advertising matter would the orna¬ mental border be appropriate. S. B. F., Storm Lake, Iowa.- — An envelope and a Yankee statement are not an exhibit sufficiently large from which to form an opinion of a job-printer’s ability, but the two samples are entirely adequate as examples of correct commercial printing. George Millar, New York city. — The bill-head design is very inter¬ esting, and is a suggestive arrangement for color division. Nearly four inches is an extravagant depth for a heading, but apart from that it is an attractive and consistent bit of printing. Morris Michaelson, Decorah, Iowa.- — Both booklet and folder are examples of careful printing. It must, be remembered that printing is simply a medium of expression and if it has done that well its mission has been accomplished in the most perfect manner. The Windham Press, Willimantic, Connecticut. — The type selection and arrangement of the inside pages of the commencement program do not entirely harmonize with the dainty exterior. A simple arrangement in smaller type sizes and without rules and ornament would be more IL C. May, Monroe, Louisiana. — A fair grade of workmanship is shown by samples. The rulework on the “Iron Mountain” card is too heavy for a printing all in black. The jobs set in series are attractive, and the “ Progressive League ” envelope is distinctly an artistic bit of printing. P. J. Stadler, Stillwater, Minnesota.- — Type in panels should not be so large as to fill them and crowd the margins, as the attractiveness of any job containing borders or panels is heightened by the contrasting white space between border and type. The specimens are interesting examples of business headings. Frank L. Smith, Bartow, Florida. — An assessment card is not a proper form on which ornaments should be placed. The ornaments would be inappropriate on any piece of printing, but are especially .unnecessary used as shown. A plain type, like the gothics or old styles, would be more appropriate for the display. N. D. Burchfield, Loveland, Colorado. — The specimens are vari¬ able in taste and design. Color combinations are not always suitable. The Register statement shows too much border for the colors used. The type in a dark tone and rules and borders in a light shade of the same color would make a more agreeable appearance. Harry W. Bodley, Ilion, New York. — -A few lines in a plain, small type-face would be more appropriate and artistic for a personal envelope than the arrangement shown. Right typography and the printer’s desire to embellish very often conflict, as the former means usually simple arrangement and not complex or intricate designs. A. H. Lehman, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. — The title-page is an interesting example of ingenious and attractive rule arrangement. It is shapely and the decoration enhances the appearance of the type by con¬ trast. It would riot be a suitable form for most work, but as an expres¬ sion of decorative typography it is certainly worth while. A. P. Hackett, Nevada, Missouri. — The only suggestion of “ country style ” is the occasional use of word-ornaments at the end of catch-lines. Panel headings with heavy rules look better in some other color than black, and three colors on a pink blotter, including green, yellow and blue, is too riotous. White stock would be more effective. Will C. Cantrell, Atlanta, Georgia. — The Blakely letter-head suf¬ fers from misplaced ornaments. They should not be used unless there is an evident reason for their insertion, and particularly should they not be worked in to the disadvantage of the type. The space occupied by the ornaments at either end of the panel could be used to better advan- THE INLAND PRINTER 901 tage by avoiding the crowding of the type. The mailing-card folder is a catchy reminder, and its typography would suggest the desirability of acting upon the invitation offered. W. W. West, Corning, Iowa.- — - The ornament is unnecessary, as there is sufficient matter to make an attractive page without its aid. With this exception it is an attractive title. The same stricture will apply to the envelope. The expedient of placing periods on either side of a displayed word to make it longer is not in good taste. Ellis Brothers, Buffalo, New York. — The corner card is not impressive and suggests inexperience in commercial work. Printers’ printing should conform to the best usages of the art, which may be briefly described by the terms legibility, suitability and attractive arrangement. The card is in error, judged by the last two particulars. Frank A. Linster, Cobleskill, New York. — By the use of one dis¬ play face for display and head lines on. the ad. pages a uniformity of style is given the book that confers a distinction that is not always found in pamphlets of its class. The panel rules on the title-page should be of the same thickness and the imprint placed below the border. Jester, The Printer, Eaton, Indiana. — A collection of small busi¬ ness and personal cards that entirely qualify as an exhibit of tasteful printing. The letter-head is not so attractive, although designed to be catchy. Better paper and typography more in keeping with the card samples would render it more representative of an up-to-date printing- The Moline Mail, Moline, Illinois. — Besides the quality of pertinent and picturesque writing, the booklet “ Where Speed Counts ” possesses a typographical style that makes it very attractive advertising. Type lines designed to appear in the,, center of the page should be worked a little bit above. If printed in exact center, an optical illusion places them slightly below. A. F. Johnson, Louisburg, North Carolina. — The job is a good example of a panel heading, and the color combination is correct. -The one suggestion we would make is that the display is too large. If the two main lines were a size smaller and the panel rules a bit lighter, it would be more in keeping with what is usually considered a correct commercial style of printing. W. Claude Bailey, Centreville, Maryland.- — • A condensed letter shpuld not be wide-spaced in order to bring it to some desired measure. Either let it make what it will with normal spacing or use something else. More feature would be given the heading if the main line was in a stronger face. Omit the ornamental rulework at the end of lines and the improvement will be noticeable. H. Edgar Todd, West Edmeston, New York. — A simpler, neater arrangement would make a more attractive heading. The panels shown do not agree in shape or material used, and six different type-faces are very unnecessary when two would have been enough for the best artistic purposes. A line of text for the title and the rest of the job set in small old-style caps would be more fitting. The Goodrich Printery, Monroe, Michigan. — A high standard of taste and workmanship is displayed by the samples, and the “ Good Printing ” booklet is an attractive and fetching bit of advertising because absolutely sincere. The assertions made are amply justified by the accompanying specimens, which are the product of tasteful type selection, good paper and careful presswork. Harry Deppert, Brooklyn, New York. — Good taste characterizes all the samples. The card is very satisfactory as an example of bank print¬ ing, but the officers’ names should have been in small caps, and in two CHARLES DAY m m Printing - 1 lines, affording better spacing of the lines. The reproduced heading is very pleasing and shows the opportunity for good appearing work that a simple panel and plain type will give. The inside rule and the word “ printing ” are in red, the rest is dark green. J. R. Darrow, Chicago, Illinois. — A price-list does not offer great opportunity for original arrangement, but the type on the cover-page is rather small and ineffective, particularly so on account of the com¬ petitive and distracting effect of the ornamental borders shown. If the latter had been omitted and the type increased in size, a more attract¬ ive though more simple title would have been the result. Voorhees & Co., New York City. — Rules only in red would have given sufficient color for the best effect, and the type used for the running head and foot lines should have been the same. Simplicity and harmony are important considerations in printing used for advertising high-grade or high-priced wares, and no effort should be spared in seeing that typography and color conform to those standards. Ladson Butler, East Aurora, New York. — The ornament rightly harmonizes with the type used and the fact that it was made after the type was set and to fit a certain space suggests the thought that orna¬ ment must always be a secondary consideration and not be allowed, under any consideration, to interfere with the message of the type. The orna¬ ment could be lightened a bit to agree in tone better with the type used. Neat, legible and attractive type arrangement is the medium for much bright advertising in reference to “The Ancient House Press,” Ipswich, England, and the assertions made are fully sustained by the well-bred appearance of all the printing shown. Apart from a riot of color, which should be restrained, the work bears the impress of intelligent and artistic superintendence, and type, paper and ink all contribute their share to a perfection consummated by careful presswork. TEMPLE OF HAND-MADE PAPERS, GERMAN IMPERIAL PRINTING-OFFICE, ST. LOUIS WORLD'S FAIR. William F. Hansman, Indianapolis, Indiana. — The “Form 9” folder is not quite as acceptable as the rest of the work shown. The dis¬ play could have been in one series and the ornament omitted on the first page because unsuitable on a strictly argumentative page. Other causes, however, may have caused the unfavorable opinion — the paper selection, perhaps. It has a cheaper appearance than the other folders for the same firm. The samples, in general, show a high average of display compo- The Courier Company, Madison, Indiana. — The interior of the booklet is attractive, and the paper, type and color harmonious. The initials and paragraph marks should have been printed in a brighter tone in place of the tint. An initial letter must dominate the text. The style of the inside should have been followed on the cover, making a coherent and harmonious layout, in place of the two dissenting styles shown. N. Ritchey, Abingdon, Illinois. — Work set in one series of type is more attractive than the use of four or five conflicting faces. The cir¬ cular contains an embarrassment of type-faces, and the haphazard arrangement and excessive proportion of red makes a very featureless announcement of what was intended to be something very striking. The desire to display everything has produced an ineffective bit of displayed printing. Ed. P. Riley, Harvard, Illinois. — The booklet is faulty in some small particulars. Better spacing would improve some of the pages, and a variation in tone of red ink used on different forms shows inattention. The position of the matter above and below the flag on the title-page should be reversed, as the lower portion is the title of the booklet, and the “ Compliments of,” etc., set in very much smaller type near the bottom of the page. William P. Atkinson, Erie, Pennsylvania. — In a color division where red is employed a more striking or attractive result is obtained by limiting the application of red to one line only, or at least to a minor portion of the job. Balance in colorwork does not imply equal division, as colors vary in brightness and intensity, and a small spot of 902 THE INLAND PRINTER GERMAN BOOK INDUSTRY EXHIBIT, EAST TO WEST, ST. LOUIS WORLD'S FAIR. The Yellowstone Park is a potent source of stimulation for adver¬ tising literature in reference to its wonders, and the Yellowstone Park booklet issued by the Northern Pacific Railway is a condensed descrip¬ tion with colored views of the charms to be found there and ways and means of viewing them, making an attractive folder for general distri¬ bution. It bears the imprint of Poole Brothers, Chicago, a sufficient guarantee of its typographical excellence. INDORSED BY PHOTOENGRAVERS. At the annual convention of the National Association of Photoengravers, held at St. Louis, July 22, 1904, the Bissell College of Photoengraving was indorsed in the following language : The National Association of Photoengravers, in our eighth annual convention assembled, do find, after a careful and thorough investigation, that the Bissell College of Photoengraving, located at Effingham, Illinois, and conducted in connection with the Illinois College of Photography, is an institution worthy of the hearty encouragement of this association. We further find that the students attending this school are taught each and every department of photoengraving in a thorough and prac¬ tical manner, whereas, in an engraving plant where the usual manner of apprenticeship prevails, the apprentices are restricted to a single branch of the work. We further find that the school is well equipped and provided with competent instructors, and we do most heartily indorse the same, and recommend any one desiring to learn the art of photoengraving to take a course of instruction at this college. We further agree to accept a certificate of graduation as sufficient recommendation for a position in our workrooms. The Inland Printer acknowledges the receipt of an invi¬ tation to attend the sixth annual wayzgoose of the Smith- Brooks Printing Company, Denver, Colorado, held at Dome Rock, in Platte Canon, Colorado, Saturday, August 20. The Monasch Lithographing Company, 500-510 Fifth street S, Minneapolis, Minnesota, whose plant and stock were recently heavily damaged by fire, has replaced all its stock certificate and bond blanks with new plates, and is again prepared to transact business. A multiple address envelope is being pushed by the Sam¬ uel Cupples Envelope Company, 84-86 White street, New York. The envelope is of value for the purpose of remailing political or other propaganda, and in convenience, suggestive¬ ness and simplicity is sure to meet with favor at this partic¬ ular period of our political evolution. J. D. Pattullo has been continued by the court in the position of receiver and manager of the assets and business of W. C. Horne & Sons, Limited, London, England. The share¬ holders have agreed to forego their right to immediate repay¬ ment of debentures, and an opportunity will be afforded to carry through a reconstruction of the company. Mr. Pattullo was first appointed receiver of the W. C. Horne & Sons Com¬ pany February 18, 1904. Mr. Charles A. Reid, of Cleveland, Ohio, formerly with the Cleveland Printing and Publishing Company, has con¬ nected himself with the Rhodes Blanket Company as assistant manager, and will travel and call on the trade in the interest of the Rhodes blanket. A notable event in the publishing world is the recently inaugurated enterprise of the Matthews-Northrup Works, Buffalo, with regard to the making of books. This concern has won a national reputation as a producer of commercial literature, of the highest possible quality, and the announcement that it now proposes to manufacture books in the same unique and impressive manner is, therefore, particularly interesting. In order to carry out this proposition successfully, extensive preparations have been made. The facilities of the Matthews- Northrup works have for years been exceptional, amply justi¬ fying its use of the title, “ The Complete Press,” but when it THE INLAND PRINTER 903 was decided to establish a department of bookmaking, a still finer equipment was deemed advisable, and a full complement of the most modern machinery designed especially for manu¬ facturing books was accordingly added. The result is a plant of remarkable magnitude and scope. Associated with the Matthews-Northrup Works in the enterprise is George French, who will act in the capacity of general sales agent. In fact, it was only on condition that Mr. French would consent to give his time and ability to this end of the business that the concern determined to take up the work. Mr. French is well known to printers and publishers as a close student of the art of bookmaking, and his knowledge of conditions and methods will be of great value not only to the Matthews-Northrup Works, but also to the publishers who become its clients. It is not the intention of the concern to introduce radically new ideas in the making of books. Rather will the policy be to make more perfect application of recognized and accepted ideas. Mr. French’s own statement of the case is significant. “We offer,” he said, “ a perfect equipment of type and machin¬ ery, the best talent available to operate them, a long experi¬ ence in applying artistic conceptions and methods to the pro¬ duction of commercial printing, the services of an adept in the planning of the book, absolutely prompt service, and excep¬ tionally advantageous shipping location, the advantages of a strong financial organization — and a determination to, by our work, attain to the front rank of twentieth-century makers of books.” This is the platform upon which the book department of the Matthews-Northrup Works will be conducted. In the Chicago branch office of the Mergenthaler Linotype Company is displayed a sign which is attracting more than the usual interest. Passers-by and visitors are alike struck with its unique appearance, and their admiration of it is not dimin¬ ished when informed that it is composed of Linotype matrices, the words “ Mergenthaler Linotype Co.” being formed of double rows of glittering Linotype matrices mounted on a white background. One thousand matrices were used in making this unique sign, and it is the conception of the pro¬ gressive manager of the Chicago branch office, Col. George E. Lincoln, and was executed by Major Ransom. Announcement is made of the sixty-first anniversary of the wedding of Mr. and Mrs. Franklin Price, at 1067 Wilcox avenue, Chicago, on August 31. Mr. Price is one of the best- known and most cordially liked of the veteran railroad men of the West, his connection with the Chicago & North- Western Railway bringing him in touch with an extensive acquaintance. Mr. and Mrs. Price were married in Phila¬ delphia in 1843. The Star Engravers’ Supply Company, manufacturer of copper and zinc plates for engravers, and engravers’ supplies, room 56, 81-83 Fulton street, New York, is advertising its “ Glossoid ” brands by mailing to its present and prospective customers a conveniently arranged copy-hook and bill-hook. It is a very neat and acceptable novelty and well calculated to keep the company in the mind of the consumer. One of the annoyances that a printer has to endure is look¬ ing up a past date when the calendars of past years have all been destroyed, and in looking up a future date that the cur¬ rent year’s calendar does not cover. Mohaupt Brothers, of Princeton, Minnesota, have devised a little advertising medium, which is called “ The Double Century Calendar,” which dates back and dates forward far enough to cover every possible contingency, and which will prove valuable to every printer. A GROUP OF INLAND TYPEFOUNDRY SALESMEN. Bottom row (left to right)— J. H. Ramaley, manager Buffalo branch; Frank R. Atwood, sales manager, St. Louis; C. A. Hartman, sales agent, Philadelphia; Henry Roeder, chief order clerk, St. Louis. Second row — F. E. Caston, New York city; B. G. O’Brien, Pennsylvania representative; Lou D. McWethy, New York State; M. Roger O’Malley, Michigan; J. A. Imrie, Wisconsin. Third row — G. F. Dinsmore, Boston and New England; John K. Dunn, Texas; C. W. Kellogg, ’Kentucky, Tennessee, Alabama and Georgia; M. E. Latta, Iowa; Rawleigh M. Ott, order clerk, Chicago branch. Top row — W. M. Grove, Indiana and Louisville; H. D. Hoyt, Missouri and Kansas; Thomas J. McAuliffe, A. G. Wines, city salesmen, St. Louis; W. F. Dougherty, Ohio. 904 THE INLAND PRINTER MANUFACTURE OF PAPER FROM BAMBOO. IN the early ages of the empire, the Chinese had no manu¬ factured paper; they wrote on planks and on large pieces of bamboo. In lieu of the pen or the pencil, they made use of an iron style or needle. They even wrote on metal, and the curious still preserve some ancient plates, on which the char¬ acters are very neatly traced. The discovery of paper, however, has been long since made. Some Europeans, admiring the fineness of its compo¬ sition, have taken it for silk, but they did not reflect that silk can not be reduced to a pulp. Animal materials, such as wool, silk, rabbit or beaver skin, may furnish a felt-like substance more or less fine, but not a real paper, which can be written upon without the ink running. The Chinese make their paper with the second pellicle of bamboo arid some other plants. This paper is of an almost impalpable fineness, but it is very liable to corruption and From a bamboo forest are selected the year’s shoots, which are about as thick as a man’s leg; their first green pellicle or outer bark is peeled off, they are split into four, and then divided into narrow strips of six or seven feet in length. It should be observed that the trunk of the bamboo consisting of long straight fibers, it is very easy to split them from top to bottom; whereas, to cut them across would be extremely diffi¬ cult, for it pushes out its shoots in the manner of herbs or grasses, and not like a tree by concentral layers. They begin by beating these slips with great force, on a wooden block, for the purpose of making them thin. They then put them into a pond of muddy water, where they are left to steep for a fortnight. This operation is intended to dissolve the compact and tenacious parts. When they are taken from this, they undergo a second washing and are reduced to filaments; they are then dried and bleached in the sun. While these preparations are going forward in one part of the factory, in another the ingredients, mixed with the pulp of the bamboo, as necesssary parts of the composition of the paper, are got in readi¬ ness; these are a glue, prepared from the hao- teng, a glutinous plant, something of the vine kind, which grows in the mountains. They cut some stems of this plant, which, after having been laid to steep three or four days in water, produce an oily and glutinous juice; and this is the glue used for giving the requisite consist¬ ency to the paper. The hao-teng glue is made up with the farina or sediment from rice, which is bruised with a pestle, as in the annexed plate. When the bamboo has been reduced to shreds, which have been bleached and dried in the sun, they are broken, piled up in a mortar, and exposed to the steam of boiling water. It is then either pounded by a man with all his strength, or the pestle is raised by a lever. The process is nearly the same when other vegetable substances are used instead of bam¬ boo. Those which are best adapted for it are the trees which contain most sap, as the mulberry, elm, stem of the cotton- shrub, hemp and others, the names of -which are unknown in Europe, such as the koutchou, a kind of wild mulberry or sycamore. The superficies of the outer bark, which is greenish, is slightly scraped, and the liber, or inner bark, is detached in long, thin strips, which are bleached in boiling water and in the sun. (From the word liber, as used above, and from which liber, or second bark, the ancients made their paper, is derived the Latin word liber, and the French livre, which moths ; the books must be frequently beaten and exposed to the sun to preserve them. Besides the paper which is made of the bark of trees, they manufacture it likewise of cotton ; and this is the whitest, finest and most in use; it is not subject to the inconveniences above named, and keeps as well as the paper of Europe. One great advantage of the Chinese paper is, that it is equally white throughout, is made of great length, and is extremely soft and uniform. A Chinese writer, mentioned by Duhalde, speaks of sheets of paper being made to the length of thirty and fifty feet. The modern make did not come near this size, until Fourdrinier’s patent was in use; but this renders the dimensions unlimited. The consumption of paper in China being so excessive, it is not to be wondered at that it is made from everything ; besides the paper used for writing and printing, the greater part of the window sashes are fitted up with it. The walls and ceilings are covered with paper — white, single-colored or variously ornamented. In fact, even in the most sump¬ tuous apartments nothing but paper is used; and this is done new every year. The an¬ nexed plate represents only the first process of its manufacture. *From “ China : Its Costumes, Arts, Manufac¬ tures, Etc.” London : 1824. Courtesy of Mr. Zenas PAPERMAKING — SECOND PROCESS. THE INLAND PRINTER 905 equally signify a book.) The Chinese also use rice-straw, nettle-stalks, etc., likewise old paper, from which the ink has been extracted; by this latter process, a very great number of old people and children gain their livelihood. The ink in China, being composed of soot and materials purely vegetable, is less durable than ours, which contains a metallic portion, which, therefore, changes to a rust color without totally disappearing. proportioned to the rank of him who either gives the invi¬ tation, or pays the visit, or by whom it is received. The ti-tse which the Emperor orders to be delivered as an honor to the different nobles of his court, or foreign ambassadors, are of rose-colored paper, and have only one character placed in the center, signifying supreme happiness. This is one of the most complicated characters in Chinese writing; it con¬ sists, among others, of those which designate a cultivated field, house and children. It is perfectly expressive of what the Chinese reasonably consider true and solid happiness to consist in. The Chinese manufacture more than two hundred different kinds of paper. That which is for writing on is prepared with alum. The silver paper is not done with silver, but talc. For this purpose they take the talc of the province of Se-Tcheuen, which they emphatically term yun-mou-che; that is to say, stone the mother of clouds, because every flake which is separated from it re¬ sembles a transparent cloud. The talc is reduced to a fine powder before it can be laid on the paper. PAPERMAKING — THIRD PROCESS. Thin rag paper is made with pieces of old cotton, and undergoes much the same process as that which is manu¬ factured in Europe. The renovation of the old paper is effected by a very curi¬ ous method. The artisans who are employed in it live in a large village near Pekin. They throw the pieces of old paper into great flat and close baskets, washing them in water, and working them with their hands and feet to clean it and take out all the spots, and reduce it to a perfect mass or con¬ sistency. This is then boiled in a cauldron, and the sheets are raised from it, which in this case are of a middling size. An attempt has been made to introduce the renovation into England, but without much success. When the bamboo has been softened by the steam of boiling water and again pounded in the mortar as before, the pulp is boiled in a furnace and put into several baskets. The frame or chase, intended for raising the paper in sheets, is not made with iron or brass wire as in Europe, but with fine threads of bamboo ; they are small rods which pass several times through a steel wire-drawer, pferced with holes of different sizes, and are made as fine and as tough as iron wire; but they are careful to steep them in boiling oil, that the frame should not admit the water except at the top, and at a depth sufficient to draw out the sheets of paper. The frame is suffered to drain for a few seconds, when the sheet is deposited on a piece of clean stuff without seams. In our European paper-mills, a certain number of these sheets are put into a press for the purpose of squeezing out the wet, and they are then hung on lines to dry; for this process very large rooms are requisite; that at Auvergne in France is 144 feet long by 36 wide, and contains a great number of windows. In China they follow a more expeditious process which requires less space ; the sheets are dried on shelves by the heat of a furnace. When the sheets exceed the ordinary dimensions, the reservoir and frame are proportionately large. The frame is then lowered and raised by cords and pulleys. It is not merely for papering rooms that such large paper is required, but also for the ti-tse, or visiting bills. These, which in Europe are only small cards, are in China of a size A TEMPORARY EDITOR. The editor of the Paki Paki News lay very ill in bed, suffering from a severe attack of influenza, and jabbering like a perpetual motion phonograph. As a rule he was as sane as could be expected, considering he had chosen Paki Paki as a promising field for journalism. But on this occa¬ sion he was certainly wandering in his mind, otherwise he would not have asked his grandmother to assist in getting out the weekly edition of his paper. When Granma Huff paused, panting, at the head of the stairs and pushed open the door of the News office, Jimmie was sitting in the editorial chair, studying his Sunday school lesson. The editor never spoke of Jimmie as the “ devil,” although that is the customary title. He called him the “ angel.” Jimmie was such a good boy. Goodness stood out on him like freckles. Every time he washed his hands and face he washed off enough goodness to supply a dozen boys, and he had signed so many temperance pledges that if he had started in to drink steadily for the balance of his life he would have wound up with some of the pledges still unbroken. Later in life he tried it. But he was a good boy. Granma Huff looked over the rims of her two pair of spectacles and smiled. “ Jimmie,” she said, “ my gran’son’s sick, so I’ve come down to get out the News this week, and I want you to hurry round and help me all you can.” “ Yes’m,” said Jimmie, meekly. “ Well, now,” said Granma Huff, seating herself in the editorial chair and rubbing her knees with the palms of her hands, “ I can’t move ’round much, bein’ as I’ve got the rheumatiz so bad, but I reckon you can do most that’s to be did. Gran’son says you’re a right good boy.” “ Yes’m,” replied Jimmie, modestly. “Kin you work that printin’ machine?” inquired Granma, nodding toward the old Washington press. “ Yes’m, I alius does,” says Jimmie. “ Well, then,” said Granma, “ I guess you’d better go right on an’ print some papers. I reckon you know ’bout how many’s needed, don’t you ? ” Jimmie explained that there were a few things to do first. There must be some news gathered; the forms made ready. “ Du tell ! ” exclaimed Granma, “ I s’posed gran’son ’ud hev all that ready. Ain’t you got any at all?” “No’m,” said Jimmie. 906 THE INLAND PRINTER “ Well, I can’t fix the types, but I guess you know ’bout that,” she said, “ an’ I can’t see to write, but you kin take down. First say gran’son’s sick with the grip, but doc. says he’ll get along all right soon’s the fever goes down some. Then say Marthy Clemen’s baby’s sick with the measles. I knowed Marthy’s ma before Marthy was born. Her and he come from York county, Pennsylvania, together.” “ How d’ye spell Pennsylvany ? ” “ Pen-syl-va-ny,” spelled Granma. “ Her ma and me was second cousins, she bein’ a Bell an’ me a Murdock, an’ old man Murdock bein’ first cousin o’ Randy Bell. We come down the Ohio on a flat an’ up the Mississippi by steamer. But I told Marthy that child ’ud get the measles ef she took it out to Joe Navadley’s. Got that down?” “Yes’m,” said Jimmie. “Well, I don’t think o’ any more news just now; do you ? ” she queried. “No’m,” said Jimmie. “Will that be enough?” asked Granma. “ No’m, that ain’t more’n two sticks,” said Jimmie. “ Well, what does gran’son do when he hasn’t enough news to -fill up ? ” “ He uses patent insides. This what comes in chunks from Chicago,” said Jimmie ; “ but he ain’t got none but what we’ve used. He was goin’ to order some when he was took sick.” “ We’ve got to use some over again,” said Granma, decid¬ edly. “ What is there ? ” “ Sermons,” said Jimmie, grinning. “ We ain’t got nothin’ but Talmage sermons, but we got lots o’ them.” “ Well, I don’t know nothin’ better for people than ser¬ mons,” said Granma. “ I guess we’ll use them sermons. ’Twon’t hurt nobody to read ’em over twice. Reckon you’ve got enough of ’em?” “Yes’m,” said Jimmie. “ All right, then, you go ahead an’ fix up the paper like you always do. Mebbe you kin get some nice little boy to help you. Pm goin’ home, my rheumatiz hurts me so, and I can’t do no more. Just be sure to have the paper out in time.” Jimmie promised, and Granma went home. She had done her duty. Jimmie did his. There were forty-two local and patent medicine advertise¬ ments that were always scattered through the reading. He knew this, and as the sermons were long and solid, he cut each sermon into small pieces, laying the electrotypes across the chair and sawing them into chunks with the office saw. Then he made up his forms, sticking in a piece of sermon, then a patent medicine advertisement, then more sermon. He did not miss a department. He had “Local News,” “Country Correspondence,” “ From our Exchanges,” and “ A Little Nonsense” all in their appointed place, but each composed of short reading advertisements and small sections of sermon. The sermons were rather mixed. In sawing them up he had failed to preserve their consecutive form. There were fifteen columns of disjointed sermon sandwiched in with “Get your hair cut at King’s,” “Thorp’s for boots,” “Trocadero for sup¬ pers,” etc. Jimmie delivered the paper. The editor was out of his fever when he got his News. He got out of bed ; thanked Granma ; sent for Jimmie ; sacked him three times, and the third time raised his wages. He was about as sane as usual. Next week we read: “The News, always in front, again out¬ stripped all rivals last week by inaugurating a new and highly moral competition. Scattered over pages one, four, five, and eight were five complete sermons. To the person sending the first correct arrangement of all these sermons we will send the News free for five years ; for one sermon • — the paper for one year. Thus once more the News distances those reeking rags the Jim town Blade and the Hazvk.” — New Zealand Bulletin. THE BURGLAR’S NEWSPAPERS. Before a wicked burglar’s cell The missionary stood. He had a longing in his heart To do the convict good. “ Did yellow journals bring you here? ” The missionary sighed. The burglar-manP replied. ’ “ My tastes are very hard to please, As shifting as the wind. I changed my papers every hour, And there is where I sinned. “ If I had stuck to Journals, now, I’d still be roving free, For railway cops, are easy marks As ever I did see. “ But once a keen temptation rose ” — He laughed a foolish laugh - — “ I cleaned a railway station out And took the Telegraph. “ That night, while taking the Express, I fell beside the rail. And, having missed my train, why, then, I took the Evening Mail.” The burglar paused. His tearful voice It trembled like a goat’s. The missionary by the door Was taking rapid notes. “ Descending later on, beneath The night’s protecting robe, I visited a schoolhouse red; ’Twas then I took the Globe. “ A constable came running up My way he tried to bar. He wore a badge; I tore it off. That’s when I took the 'Star. “ I met some clubmen, overfull Of seltzer, rye and limes. They all had golden, watches on; You bet I took the Times! “ Proceeding thence with all dispatch Upon my course so checkered, I broke a phonograph machine And took the Daily Record. “ A dwelling-house I entered next To look for cloak or dress. The wardrobe hooks were empty, but At least I took the Press. “ The house was owner by Captain Jones, A skipper with a gun. I gathered in his sextant, for I wished to take the Sun. “ He clapped the gun against my head, I thought he was a ghost. He bound me to a pillar, and I could not take the Post. “ I couldn’t run; he had me tied As helpless as a rabbit. So here I am, a victim of The deadly paper habit.” The preacher said: “ ’Twill cheer you up, When you are in the blues, To know that very joyfully Your home folks take the News.” — L.H. Robbins, in the Newark News. A GRAND EDUCATOR. I have been a subscriber to your journal for many years, which has always been and is a grand education. — G. A. Osboldstone, Melbourne, Australia. THE INLAND PRINTER 907 This department is exclusively for paid business announce¬ ments of advertisers, and for paid descriptions of articles, machinery and products recently introduced for the use of printers and the printing trades. Responsibility for all state¬ ments published hereunder rests upon the advertisers solely. THE CROSS PAPER FEEDERS. Attention is invited to the advertisement in this issue of the American Paper Feeder Company, in which an illustration of the new pile feeder is shown. This type of machine has now reached a stage of perfection where it is giving equally as good satisfaction as the continuous feed machine, which was the first the company put on the market. The pile feeder is now being used by the Franklin Printing Company and Organic Chemical Company, of Philadelphia, and Berwick & Smith, of Norwood, Massachusetts, and the continuous machines are being used by Houghton, Mifflin & Co., of Cam¬ bridge; Rockwell & Churchill, Samuel Usher, C. H. Simonds & Co., of Boston; Winthrop Press, of New York; Dunlap Printing Company and William F. Fell Company, of Phila¬ delphia. The use and endorsement by such representative con¬ cerns as the above named, of these machines, is sufficient to warrant the claims made by the American Paper Feeder Com¬ pany that their machines are entirely past the experimental stage and are worthy of adoption by any representative print¬ ers who wish to obtain the benefits of an increase in output, improvement in quality and a saving in pay-roll. THE JACOBIE BACKING-STRIP-APPLYING MACHINE. Walter L. Jacobie, of Glens Falls, New York, has devised and patented a backing-strip-applying machine, possessing many new and valuable features. The description furnished by Mr. Jacobie is as follows : The Jacobie backing-strip-applying machine is a new invention and is easily the master of- any device which has ever been produced for the purpose of applying strips of cloth or tape to the tops of tablets or backs of books. It glues, applies and cuts apart automatically, and also executes better work than the average work done by hand, and at a speed only limited by the ability of feeder, which should be from three to four thousand pieces per hour. It will use tape from y2 to 3 inches in width, or can be especially made for thicker books and wider tape. It cuts the tape off at end of book, without regard to width of book. The tape is glued by passing over a cylinder revolving in glue, then passing over the guide plate, under the book guide, where the back of the book is fed onto the tape. As the book passes between the rollers, carrying with it the tape, through the tape guides, the tape is shaped, placed and pressed on the book. As the book passes along it comes in contact with a lever that is carried along by the book, until it becomes even with the edge of the knife; then the lever releases a slide that lets free a dog that drops on to a ratchet wheel that starts the cam of the knife and makes one revolution that forces the knife between the books, thus cutting the tape and separating the books, the carrying rollers ceasing motion for that instant, at the same time the lever taking its former place to await the edge of the next book. The machine requires three operators, one to feed, one to attend tape and glue, and one to remove books. It runs very lightly and noise¬ lessly, therefore requires but little power. It occupies a floor space of 24 by 60 inches, is 33 inches high and weighs 550 pounds. Every part is made of iron, steel or brass. Tablet's or books of any size can be backed, the only adjustment being to the thickness of the book. CHALLENGE MACHINE VERSE. The plant of the Challenge Machinery Company, at Grand Haven, Michigan, is equipped to turn out finished and accurate work, and there being a demand for machine-made poetry evi¬ dent in the output of the daily, press, the following was recently turned out as a specimen of this class of mechanism made entirely on the premises : The devil scraped, the printer swore, And yet the cuts seemed as before; Just then the dealer-man came in And on his story did begin. The printer, tried and sore at heart, His tale of woe soon did impart — - A list of trials with cuts he gave — “Too high, too low, too big! ’’ he raved. Smiles spread o’er the face of the man And in this wise his story ran: “ There is no reason I can see Why cuts too high or low should be; “ You should use proper tools you know, For cuts too high, too large, too low. For they are made right to a hair If Challenge or Hoerner are brought to bear.” UNION-LABEL MUSIC. The latest demand of the union labelers appears in the form of a circular letter addressed to all publishers and engrav¬ ers and printers of music, requesting them to put the union label on all music and all musical advertising matter. If this request is not complied with, an attempt will be' made by the union musicians to enforce the demand, by instructing all union bands and orchestras to refuse, after a given time, to play any music which does not bear the union label. Nothing is said about compelling people to listen to union-label music and musicians. Sup¬ posing these should refuse, what then? Where is the end of this? If the composer and the pub¬ lisher must tag their music with a union tag, why not extend the same requirement to the poet and his poetry, the romance and the romancist? There is always the fearful possibility that the lyric at least may be set to music, and on the principle that no guilty non-unionist should be allowed to escape, our future Tennysons and Barry Cornwalls, as well as all the Beethovens and Wagners who may yet dare to live in a unionized universe, should be compelled to join the amalgamated society of tuneful teetotalers or get off the earth. — Leslie’s Weekly. A correspondence course in proofreading, conducted by F. Horace Teall, has been estab¬ lished by the Inland Printer Technical School. jacobie’s backing-strip-applying machine. 908 THE INLAND PRINTER WANT ADVERTISEMENTS. ffififiHSS igy;:1 asiffirc; srirT.,; S3JSSK““E BOOKS. C°acTco°ti g™asleey in mf f^arf l'“o! BUSINESS OPPORTUNITIES. A BARGAIN AND RARE OPPORTUNITY COMBINED^ — The Con- i £|S3K. jssas* ssr*r»ra^ wsa INLAND ^]^INS'rERC CO^IP AN Sg^HS'S-S THL^P^v^SlISJf’ ass ^>y in labor;’ Investigate and you will buy. THE SHELDON PRESSj gr&g^p 3B»BS^*ra cSiSiii” p“t °° ''" 1 : 1 i a LO easy ^te"rmsFto’^Sit,IpaT^r. ^ COES WARRANTS WINNING NUMBERS New York Contest I3I Trow Directory Co. Third Ave. and 12th St. 134 Henry Cortelyou Co. 1 Vandewater Street. Get in on the next one September 10th ’Phone, “Allen ’ The only trade-mark that means anything . M< ^OtT^ This weans QUALITY that is GUARANTEED THE INLAND PRINTER 921 ^^vcvo-^v-ouav^.. >\\\vcro-^v-ovIrt^.. hiAievo-Cjvo^vA,. hiAvcro-C^vovTvA, (1 |c5? s ® ESTABLISHED 1830 (1 0 LORING COES Because the salesman says he has knives “Just as good as Coes’,” or “Just as accurate as Coes’,” you believe him on account of the Cut Price. He must make sales, and the “Aggregation” must cut prices, because it CANNOT approach OUR QUALITY — and they do cut prices. We appreciate the compliment. The reason — Every Knife 'Because he Kjiot&s the goods. vxQt. A And each reason for the “Bestness” has a story A written warrant (if you ask us to) . The COES’ PACKAGE (the newest new thing in Knife making). Improved finish. ^3 > C o k ?. ► C O * ? k f f • ? iff 6 M Write L. COES & CO. Inc. New York and Vicinity : WORCESTER, MASS. G. V. ALLEN, io Warren St., New York. Phone, 3038 Cortlandt. i? C O M k ^8^ *\\\vcro-(^voiTA.. <0®^ ^XVicro-^voiTA.. W\vcro (^vo(Tu()L. €1®^ ^iWvcro-^roilA. ^ 922 THE INLAND PRINTER FOR SALE On Very Reasonable Terms — One Linotype Machine This machine is in thorough working order. It may be seen at any time, and all information as to terms, etc., may be obtained at The WINTHROP PRESS 32 Lafayette Place NEW YORK CITY We do Repairing Other goods manufactured and imported by us : Reducing Machines, Stone Grinding Machines, Ruling Machines, Parks’ Renowned Litho. Hand Presses, Steel Rules and Straightedges, Lithographic Inks, Lithographic Stones and Supplies. 226 Fourth Avenue, NEW YORK Factory — Hoboken, N. J. SAN FRANCISCO ,MPPATENTED BRONZING MACHINES and Printers GUARANTEED in every respect an up-to-date machine THE INLAND PRINTER 923 Confidence in Good Ink Good ink, good paper, good rollers, a good press and a good pressman. But in every event — GOOD INK. There are varieties of papers, varieties of rollers, varieties of presses and varieties of pressmen — good, bad and indifferent. BUFFALO INKS are adapted to meet every contingency for effective printing. Black and Colored PLATE INKS Buffalo Printing Ink Works BUFFALO, NEW YORK WHY? WHY are there over twenty thousand (20,000) Chandler & Price Gordon Presses in use? WHY are there proportionately less secondhand Chandler & Price Presses in the market? WHY is there more ready sale for a secondhand Chandler & Price Press than for any other make? WHY can you obtain a better price for a secondhand Chandler & Price Press than for any other? FOR ANSWER We refer you to any parties who have had them in use for past ten or fifteen years. The Chandler Price Company Manufacturers of High-grade Printing Machinery ALL MACHINES FOR SALE BY DEALERS. CLEVELAND, OHIO, U. S. A. 924 THE INLAND PRINTER THE BLOCK SYSTEM IN THE PRESSROOM Means safety, convenience, economy and profit. Only be sure that you use “THE RIGHT FOUNDATION,” The Matey Patent Iron Block for simplicity, efficiency and durability and economy it is unequaled. THE TYMPALYN COMPANY 246 SUMMER STREET : : : : BOSTON, MASS. Imitation Typewriting Ink Don’t print through cloth, don’t use ribbon-faced type, but use Little’s Ink, and ribbons to match, and print direct from the type as in ordinary printing. Purple Record and Blue Record Ink recommended. Send for samples of the work. A. P. LITTLE, Manufacturer, ROCHESTER, N. Y. New York City Philadelphia Pittsburg Cleveland London tl Japan Paper Company Importers of High-Grade Papers for Publishers, Printers and Advertisers 36 East Twenty -first Street, New York % IMPERIAL JAPAN VELLUM SHIDZUOKA JAPAN VELLUM FRENCH JAPAN PRINTING PAPER t FRENCH AND ITALIAN HAND -MADE PAPERS in White and Tints GENUINE PARCHMENT All of these goods are constantly carried in stock and ready for immediate delivery, and special sizes can be imported to order Samples will be sent upon request. Cover and Book Papers JAMES WHITE ®> CO. PAPER. DEALERS 210 Monroe Street, CHICAGO, ILL. Our “Improved” Perfect Register Gauge for Job Presses is meeting with increased favor among the artist printers. It glues to the tympan but requires no patching up. It prevents sheets from feeding under or over the now steel gauge-head. Instantaneous and infinitesimal adjustment in getting register. No more breaking of clips. $1.25 per set of three, including one dozen extra tongues. All typefounders and E. L. Megill, Patentee and Manufacturer, 60 Duane Street, New York Do you buish to register A\7TOMNTICAL.L,y? Write us. We hasJe the real thing THE INLAND PRINTER ®UR special service is catalogue arid booklet rllus- trating. We make the plans, designs, engravings, and electrotypes, delivering them to you ready for the press. It is not common work that we do - but work of the higher order - work of quality and value - value having the precedent over cost - the cost being governed by necessity - and necessity by the end to be attained. tj We are interested in your future literature; send us what you have been using, together with copy of what you need, ask us for prices and suggestions - when you get our reply you’ll “Use the Franklin Service.” NKLIN ESS COMP 346-350 DEARBORN STREET, CHICAGO. 926 THE INLAND PRINTER The Patent “Coverall” Gluing Machine ONE OPERATOR can keep six or even more work people supplied with glued sheets or labels, according to class of work Have been adopted by many of the leading bookbinders and stationers in this country. TRY ONE THE GENESEE BAND SLITTER PERFECT SLITTING Fits any press. Sent out on trial. If it doesn’t do the work you may send it back. KIDDER ROLL-FEED BED AND PLATEN PRESSES WE sell them with attachments to do any kind of work. If you manufacture specialties in the print¬ ing line, write us. GIBBS-BROWER CO., Agents - ISO Nassau St, NEW YORK THE INLAND PRINTER 927 GRAND RAPIDS, MICHIGAN Formerly THE FRED MACEY CO., Ltd. CARD INDEX BRISTOL SPECIAL RATES ON CARD INDEX BRISTOL TO PRINTERS AND STATIONERS w E are advertising to the general public that genuine i/K&e&y Index Cards and Supplies can be purchased through responsible Printers and Stationers. We supply all grades of Index Bristol Board in sheets, cut to standard sizes or cut for printing and ruling two or more on, which permits the execu¬ tion of such work exactly as the user desires, without any delay in delivery. ^ Now is your opportunity for taking up the Card Index line which is so rapidly growing in popularity. We can put you on the right basis and make it profitable for you to send us your orders. Lowest prices consistent with high-grade stock. Prompt service. Corre¬ spondence solicited. 928 THE INLAND PRINTER k A V . ^ Gold Mark Advertising - _ _ _ r AND— - Gold Mark Printing The Henry O. Shepard Co. GOLD MARK PRINTERS PRINTERS’ INK classifies THE INLAND PRINTER as a Gold Mark Paper Gold Mark (£©) Papers. (®®) cA-dvertisers value these papers more for the class and quality of their circulation than for the mere number of copies printed. Among the old chemists gold was symbolically repre¬ sented by the sign @®. — Webster’s Dictionary. The Henry O. Shepard Company print The Inland Printer. They are special¬ ists in Gold Mark (®®) business literature, and are equipped to write, illustrate, design, engrave in any medium, print, bind, and mail business literature of every description, in Gold Mark (®®) style. ®®®®®®®®®®®®®®®®®®®®®®®®®®®® THE HENRY O. SHEPARD CO. 120-130 SHERMAN STREET, CHICAGO, U.S.A. TELEPHONE EXCHANGE, All Departments, HARRISON 4230 - 4231 Down- town offices 318 RAILWAY EXCHANGE BUILDING LINOTYPE 1 1 the following three pages are shown specimens of composition done on Standard and Double Magazine Linotype Machines. The speci¬ mens from the various offices were not produced specially for the purpose, but are from the ordi¬ nary run of work. They show that there is no work of the hand compositor not possible on the Linotype, with the advantage afforded by the Linotype of saving in time and cost. The Linotype is not an experiment. 1 0,000 of them are in constant daily use, and the more they are used the greater the demand for them seems to grow. Mergenthaler Linotype Co. JVEJP YORK CHICAGO NEW ORLEANS SAN FRANCISCO >o &So j* O ‘ ^ -S . rA n 10 •QtSt x-2 _ ‘S -d s^|i B >, o -g HW^Q 8 M..g| 6 m i o s u: .tj o^ c " rt gO E £ S-2 B<* •C -iT S CU «« rt S* .13 2 B ° £ | yt g 2 £ |J gl-t ’5 .2 > „ IS E H . H g 6 s i i s .s&fc* • I H : > t "S E ~E _BPcB =£ rt E ' -Q” s c_ ^ ( h-^0 >> a S “ S CJ - I % & I 5111 ;zj cd *o , £ = J3 « a| 1 B «»'•«!§ ; M 3 | S (2 ^ 8 5§ l w co v a> oo == c « a ^ o a i^.E in 7 *aKl l^H «-^®o-<3 . a "a . Pc ' 4^“-* -•« Pc c 'Oh'a, C?« c?' 00 £ o cS ^ | ^ (2 • g M O ^ la s 4 « « •* •* « Ai 4* 3 2 1 H H ;H 2 «; * ^ ‘2 E ‘ 3 w a‘>, 3 2 j& i§ ^i 2 1 e & 1 1 " ^ a; ^ w I H* “| | i/sisJi 1 1 H s | OWCu | Pc N *1 o N W P-4 N .2 J 5 SH SHj2^ si -S^J § !3* g s a wco’S S .r-i u ■ ■ g * ~ u £ it1 & 7. m ~ ^ .'g ^ m s^r??lStt 2<2 a a ii a a a a I l The two pages shown above are examples of regular commercial work composed at one operation on the Double Magazine Linotype by the Boston Public Library. Six faces (three sizes and three styles) are used in the large page, three faces in the small page. This is not possible on any other composing machine. FROM As Indicated IPF* TO DIVISIONS. Commodities , Carloads, West Bound Only; in Cents Per IOO : Lbs. Beer, in Wood. Beer, in Glass, C. L., or Beer in Wood and Glass, mixed C. L. Chloride of Lime, Soap Powder and Lye Potash, Soda, straight or mixed C. L. Bluestone. Brick, Common, Pav¬ ing or Pressed. Brick, Fire. Brick, Enameled. Cement, Plaster and Stucco. >* s CJ M St. Louis. I Kansas City. 1 St. Louis. | Kansas City. 1 3 5 3 1 St. Louis. I Kansas City. 3 Kansas City. 3 Kansas City. St. Louis. Kansas City. Through (U. P.).. 117 122 154 159 165 170 156 156 185 190 185 190 106 Ill 109 114 Cachise . Ariz. S. P. Co. (Pac. Sys) 69 69 106 106 106 106 106 106 60 60 60 60 81 81 73 73 East (Pac. Sys) . . 48 53 48 53 59 64 50 50 25 30 25 30 25 30 36 41 Through (U. P.).. 117 122 154 159 165 170 156 156 185 190 185 190 106 111 109 114 Manzoro . “ S. P. Co. (Pac. Sys) 69 69 106 106 106 106 106 106 60 60 60 60 81 81 73 73 East (Pac. Sys) . . 48 53 48 53 59 64 50 50 25 3,0 25 30 25 30 36 41 Through (U. P.).. 117 122 154 159 165 170 156 156 185 190 185 190 106 111 109 114 Dragoon . “ S. P. Co. (Pac. Sys) 69 69 106 106 106 106 106 106 60 60 60 60 81 81 73 73 East (Pac. Sys) . . 48 53 48 53 59 64 50 50 25 30 25 30 25 30 36 41 Through (U. P.).. 117 122 154 159 165 170 156 156 185 190 185 190 106 111 109 114 Ochoa . “ S. P. Co. (Pac. Sys) 69 69 106 106 106 106 106 106 60 60 60 60 81 81 73 73 East (Pac. Sys) . . 48 53 48 53 59 64 50 50 25 30 25 30 25 30 36 41 Through (U. P.).. 117 122 154 159 165 170 156 156 185 190 185 190 106 111 109 114 Sibyl . “ S. P. Co. (Pac. Sys) 69 69 106 106 106 106 106 106 60 60 60 60 81 81 73 73 East (Pac. Sys) . . 48 53 48 53 59 64 50 50 25 30 25 30 25 30 36 41 [Through (U. P.).. 117 122 154 159 165 170 156 156 185 190 185 190 106 111 109 114 .a Visnaga . “ S. P. Co. (Pac. Sys) 69 69 106 106 106 106 106 106 60 60 60 60 81 81 73 73 0) [ East (Pac. Sys) . . 48 53 48 53 59 64 50 50 25 30 25 30 25 30 36 41 [ Through (U. P.) . . 117 122 154 159 165 170 156 156 185 190 185 190 106 111 109 114 o Benson . “ S. P. Co. (Pac. Sys) 69 69 106 106 106 106 106 106 60 60 60 60 81 81 73 73 [ East (Pac. Sys) . . 48 53 48 53 59 64 50 50 25 30 25 30 25 30 36 41 £ [ Through (U. P.) . . 117 122 154 159 165 170 156 156 185 190 185 190 106 111 109 114 , Chamiso . “ S. P. Co. (Pac. Sys) 69 69 106 106 106 106 106 106 60 60 60 60 81 81 73 73 Z [ East (Pac. Sys) . . 48 53 48 53 59 64 50 50 25 30 25 30 25 30 36 41 \ [ Through (U. P.) . . 117 122 154 159 165 170 156 156 185 190 185 190 106 111 109 114 § Mescal . “ 1 S. I). Co. (Pac. Sys) 69 69 106 106 106 106 106 106 60 60 60 60 81 81 73 73 o ' [East (Pac. Sys) .. 48 53 48 53 59 64 50 50 25 30 25 30 25 30 36 41 u ( Through (U. P.).. 117 122 154 159 165 170 156 156 185 190 185 190 106 111 109 114 fe Kadmon . “ S. P. Co. (Pac. Sys) 69 69 106 106 106 106 106 106 60 60 60 60 81 81 73 73 o < [ East (Pac. Sys) . . 48 53 48 53 59 64 50 50 25 30 25 30 25 30 36 41 eu I [ Through (U. P.).. 117 122 154 159 165 170 156 156 185 190 185 190 106 111 109 134 £ Pantano . “ S. P. Co. (Pac. Sys) 69 69 106 106 106 106 106 106 60 60 60 60 81 81 73 73 ed H [East (Pac. Sys) .. 48 53 48 53 59 64 50 50 25 30 25 30 25 30 36 41 X H i [Through (U. P.).. 117 122 154 159 165 170 156 156 185 190 185 190 106 111 109 114 X Irene 7 . “ S. P. Co. (Pac. Sys) 69 69 106 106 106 106 106 106 60 60 60 60 81 81 73 .73 o tB 1 [ East (Pac. Sys) . . 48 53 48 53 59 64 50 50 25 30 25 30 25 30 36 41 [Through (U. P.).. 117 122 154 159 165 170 156 156 185 190 185 190 106 111 109 114 Vail . “ S. P. Co. (Pac. Sys) 69 69 106 106 106 106 106 106 60 60 60 60 81 81 73 73 [East (Pac. Sys) .. 48 53 48 53 59 64 50 50 25 30 25 30 25 30 36 41 I [ Through (U. P.) . . 117 122 154 159 165 170 156 156 185 190 185 190 106 111 109 114 Esmond . “ S. P. Co. (Pac. Sys) 69 69 106 106 106 106 106 106 60 60 60 60 81 81 73 73 1 [East (Pac. Sys) .. 48 53 48 53 59 64 50 50 25 30 25 30 25 30 36 41 I Through (U. P.) . . 117 122 154 159 165 170 156 156 185 190 185 190 106 111 109 114 Wilmot . " S. P. Co. (Pac. Sys) 69 69 106 106 106 106 106 106 60 60 60 60 81 81 73 73 I East (Pac. Sys) .. 48 53 48 53 59 64 50 50 25 30 25 30 25 30 36 41 I Through (U. P.).. 117 122 154 159 165 170 156 156 185 190 185 190 106 111 109 114 Tucson . " S. P. Co. (Pac. Sys) 69 69 106 106 106 106 106 106 60 60 60 60 81 81 73 73 1 East (Pac. Sys) . . 48 53 48 53 59 64 50 50 25 30 25 30 25 30 36 41 I Through (U. P.) . . 117 122 154 159 165 170 156 156 185 190 185 190 106 111 109 114 Stockham _ “ S. P. Co. (Pac. Sys) 69 69 106 106 106 106 106 106 60 60 60 60 81 81 73 73 1 East (Pac. Sys) .. 48 53 48 53 59 64 50 50 25 30 25 30 25 30 36 41 In this specimen of railroad tariff work the cross rules are cast on the machine and the vertical brass rule placed in a slot sawed half the depth of the slugs. We should be pleased to furnish full particulars of this method. LINOTYPE COMPOSITION Copyrighted, 1905, by the American Tract Society; used by permission. NEW-YORK TRIBUNE ALMANAC FOR 1905. PLANETARY CONJUNCTIONS AND OTHER PHENOMENA EOR 1005. r § D-5 1° 2G' S S h 1-h 3° 3' S 5 9S-9-2* M' S ] If © East’rn <3 5° 3' 6 h f-h 2°44' 3 9 D-9 3° 20' N 8 in Aphelion A 11 T>-4‘>°W 1 \w: l'D-^43°51'N „ Stationary §13© Brightest d in « 9 Stationary -9 2° 15' N 9 Gr. Elon. E. 9 in^l 9 Gr. Elon. W. 9 in Perihelion 6 "4 4°17'N Autumn begins. □ 13 © East’rn Stationary c? Gr.Hel.Lat.S 9 in Perihelion d V 4°6' N 11 8 mo 6 6 ev 8 55 mo 8 mo 3 51 me 0 42 mo 5 ev Vis. U. S 0 51 mo 12 ev 4 19 mo MERGENTHALER LINOTYPE COMPANY NEW YORK CHICAGO NEW ORLEANS SAN FRANCISCO THE INLAND PRINTER 929 The Inland Printer Business Directory. Tile firms enumerated below are reliable, and are commended to the notice of those seeking materials, machinery or special service for the Printing, Illustrating and Bookbinding Industries. c“S”c™”Tgoo£"- SHXSioT“ Sh"”“ CHARCOAL FOR ENGRAVERS. l0XwVVCo0rr"’ The, 444 and 446 Pearl st., ;• AND STEREOTYP- COATED PA HALF-TONE AND ZINC ETCHING. i§§£ EMBOSSERS AND STA CRESeeN“Cr6sMcentSGoGodsC”'’ ja^-rass* ‘v* ip SSs*. Struppmann, C., & Co., 78 5th ave., New York. EMBOSSING DIES AND COMPOSITION. |»£ cu”: ENAMELED BOOK PAPER. Bl|JT SUpS; "5s*«afe'a MCSS5S S,-i .Y: 930 THE INLAND PRINTER THE INLAND PRINTER BUSINESS DIRECTORY— Continued. ETCHING ZINC- GROUND AND MERCANTILE AGENCY. FOIL. MONOTYPE METAL. PHOTOENGRAVERS* MACHINERY, c°” ”8'132 w- jack_ FOLDING AND FEEDING MACHINERY. MOTORS FOR PRINTING PHOTOENGRAVERS’ MACHINERY AND APPLIANCES. r GLAZED PAPE;- NUMBERING MACHINES. PHOTOENGRAVERS’ SCREENS. aAfL jFHIFn t- &“a^nf = s*ls ft" ^*wsp$teir Mc5S.,H NSSv,toT“8»^” N"' W Ss«S5 HOT STAMPERS AND HEAVY Wetter Typographic Numbering Machines gagf avt 'Brooklyn,1 K^ld^ PHOTOENGRAVING. PHOTOENGRAVERS’ PROOF PRESSES. SHsonDb7vdN,D’ChAcUago& C°” Il8‘132 W' J*k' PAPER-CUTTING MACHINES. list of Eardley & Winterbottom, 125-127 Worth St., PHOTOGRAVURE PLATES AND PLATE PRINTING. McCabthy, J. F., no S. 8th st., Brooklyn, INK MANUFACTURERS. Au|£ XSK, g?- JS SirES B^AA&±?°z k“§‘ “ Ro|" vH- fefeS S's* Jjffjg T"g^g?. Si; JOB PRINTING PRESSES. B°SsT°(NBPosIto”NMa^sESS ^ C°” 176 Federal LINOTYPE COMPOSITION. ■“tals* c- “d - s,""“r °^tesa£,s%SsA^ort- PAPER DEALERS -GENERAL. iSAl ^^^^ers.5-- PAPER MANUFACTURERS. ^^l^rsMaSS- MakCrS °f PAPER MANUFACTURERS -LEDGER ONLY. ^jfl psietor’ DuMEch. te £g$A Mh Creek> G0TanPdRavenuGe ^Tag^' ManV.Srerfntws' wsar ‘nd ,p"'“ r°”1' iut °f PRESSES -HAND AND FOOT POWER. ftsa, £irs$ R°Ne" Y°l" P»PhH.hg5> »X”"pel".hy“” LINOTYPE METAL. uTe!3, &£“ 1 PRESSES -JOB PRINTING. A=es^&^ ^ °f Eardley Winterbottom, 125-127 Worth st., B“SS”' E' w" Co" 54 cnn,“ K*Ssa'Sj%S&,ftc PATENT STEREOTYPE BLOCKS. PRINTERS’ MACHINISTS. RATPressNes&rebuRlt ^ 33 G°ld St” ^ Si*' PRINTERS’ MATERIALS. American Type Founders Co. See list of LITHOGRAPH PAPER. LITHOGRAPHIC SUPPLIES. Butt, Chas., 112 Fulton st.. New York city. ft46“5no ggri*^^PING Co" PEDetrUoitA,RMFch.RAVING C°'' 73 F°rt ^ W' branches under “ Type Founders.” Goodbich, Jas. A, Co., Gffl,v,,,01.lo. Print- HAp.mPu,wftc°" S4'54 Nor,h s“h IltalSil MAIL PLATE SERVICE. THE INLAND PRINTER 931 THE INLAND PRINTER BUSINESS DIRECTORY-Continued. PRINTERS’ MATERIALS. ROSIN OILS. TYPE FOUNDERS HIM SHforEprinting-ink.V Savanna^’ Ga' Meades SILK CORDS AND TASSELS. Keggi||^ STEEL CUTTING RULE. w*gi PRINTERS* PROOF PRESSES STEREOTYPE AND TISSUE PAPERS. t4riMkitsmJ¥s,xa° co- 63‘ mXTy.Vv'““- *“= c°" STEREOTYPERS’ AND ELECTRO¬ Co- "8"32 w- Ucl- PRINTERS’ ROLLERS AND ROLLER COMPOSITION. B“ h'r’vtaiLfi'dltto &1 Phi,,M‘ TYPERS’ METAL. Blgas”' E- r- 01 ■ m ciin,“ K*s i&sff ,4“' "liliSSs M,i' ?.vYp„u*d° Ffa- TIN FOIL. TIN-FOIL PAPER. Butt, Chas., 112 Fulton st., New York city. W,Mal. ^Established £?,*"" TOILET PAPERS. WOOD TYPE. PRINTING PRESSES -SECONDHAND. Hst °f AMb"nches^derF° T^^de.f’’ °f Empire Wood Type Co., 818 E. 5th st., New York. Manufacturers wood type. RE-ENGRAVING AND HALF-TONE WORK A SPECIALTY. TRANSLATION. Latest Improved Jig Saw Drill Has no springs. Direct connected. Furnished with or without motor. Guaranteed the best machine for the purpose. Sold on thirty days’ free trial. Send for catalogue. ADDRESS Murray Machinery Co. Kansas City, Mo. Manufacturing all kinds of Electrotype, Stereotype and Etching Machinery. 932 THE INLAND PRINTER The SIMPLEX One-Man Type Setter “Has been a large factor in our success’’ Says the Bloomsburg (Pa.) Press, by enabling them to get up “A much better paper at much less expense’’ READ THEIR WHOLE STATEMENT: Bloomsburg. Pa., June 6, 1904. THE UNITYPE COMPANY : Gentlemen, — We take a good deal of pride in sending you a few copies of the Morning Press, so that you con see what we are doing with our Simplex machine. If you will measure It up you will find that we are setting up over 60,000 ems daily on one Simplex machine. We start up the machine about two o’clock in the afternoon, setting perhaps from ten to fifteen galleys by six o’clock. At that time the regular operator comes on and from then until two o’clock the next morning the machine is on the jump. The writer personally can send along machine gal¬ leys ( 1,400 ems) in from twelve to thirteen minutes apiece regularly. Much of our country respect, and makes us very little trouble, of which our large output is proof enough. During the fifteen months we have had the machine our circulation has grown from 2,000 to over 4,000 per day. The type has had over one million and a half impressions, and is good for some months yet. We have no reason to complain of the type breakage. Most of it occurs at night when we are all in too much of a hurry to pick it up off the floor and prevent its being stepped on. We are doing more with the machine right along than was ever claimed for it before we installed it. The Simplex has enabled us to get up a much better paper than for¬ merly at less expense and has been a large factor in our success. To say that we are pleased with it would be putting the matter mildly. The machine is the pet of the whole office, gets the best of care we know how to give it, and responds with splendid results. Yours truly, VANDERSLICE & EYERLY. Wouldn’t you like to go and do likewise? Our easy terms of sale and lease will enable you to do so without difficulty. Let us tell you about them. THE UNITYPE COMPANY 148-156 Sands Street, BROOKLYN, N. Y. 200 Monroe Street, CHICAGO 410 Sansome St., SAN FRANCISCO THE INLAND PRINTER 933 DO YOU WANT THE BEST? Leading Printers and Bookbinders in the world use Monitor Machines The Paging and Numbering Machines Punching Machines Card Index Cutting Machines Perforating Machines Embossing and Stamping Presses Index Cutting Machines Round Cornering Machines Wire Stitchers Rotary Board Cutters Table Shears Back Molding Machines Stub Folders Job Backers Standing Presses, etc. M O N I T O R ? 1 > H. B. Rouse SN Co. NOW MANUFACTURE THE Rouse Job Stick Improved Standard Job Stick Grover Job Stick Yankee Job Stick Common Screw Stick and Perfect News Stick No, 2 The Rouse Job Stick The best and most popular Job Stick made. Cherry Press Boards, Sewing Benches, Tools, Brushes, Rolls, Stamps, etc. CAN FURNISH COMPLETE OUTFITS ON SHORT NOTICE. Our STEEL WIRE is the BEST Write for Catalogue and Information LATHAM MACHINERY COMPANY Main Office and Factory, 195 = 201 South Canal Street New York Store, 8 Reade St. CHICAGO, ILL. lA h. P. LINOTYPE MOTORS Direct Current. Speed, 300 R. P. M. Conveniently placed under the step of the Linotype and belted to the machine. Guaranteed for one year against any factory imperfections. With each motor is sent, free of charge, a Cutler-Hammer Starting Box, which should be used — all packed in a strong box. Price (f.o. b. New York) : 115 volts, $47; 230 volts, $49; 500 volts, $53. LAWRENCE Si LOHR Selling! Agents for Eck Dynamo & Motor Works 61 BEEKMAN STREET, NEW YORK CITY Dynamos, Motors and Exhaust Fans of every description. The Improved Standard Job Stick A decided improvement upon this well-known style of stick. Price-List of Rouse Job Sticks and Improved Standard Job Sticks Length 2-inch 2^-inch 2^-inch Plating , ... $1-85 Eight-in’* Ten-inch . . Twelve-inch Fifteen-inch New Size, 20 50 , $3.75 ; Plated, $4.25 When ordering Composing Sticks, Specify “Rouse’s Make” and get the MOST ACCURATE BEST MADE and BEST FINISHED Composing Stick of the pattern selected. Order from your Dealer. H. B. Rouse Co. 158 Huron St., CHICAGO “ The Composing Stick ‘People ” V JOHN H ADDON & CO., London, Sole Agents for Great Britain 934 THE INLAND PRINTER NIAGARA FALLS, from a copperplate, by J. C. Bentley, 1840. cA much finer picture in twelve colors, suitable for framing, 15 x 24 inches, sent to any postoffice in the world on receipt of fifty cents in stamps. cAddress ( Mention ‘@e INLAND PRINTER ) O. W. RUGGLES, G. P. CB)> T. A., Michigan Central, Chicago. WATER CURES Just at this season of the year the alimentary system needs a toning up. The waters at French Lick West Baden Springs are famous for their beneficial effects on the liver, stomach, bowels and kidneys. Fine hotels. LOW ROUND-TRIP RATE Excursion rates and good train service from all parts of the country. i with thei: Booklet telling all hotels and board: Frank J. Reed len. Pass. Agt. 198 Custom House Place, Chicago “ Trout Time in the Pere Marquette Country” A PHOTOGRAPH OF THE ABOVE SUB¬ JECT, 16 X 20 INCHES, IN BLACK, SENT TO ANY ADDRESS ON RECEIPT OF 25 CENTS, COIN OR STAMPS. CLIP OUT THE COUPON AND SEND TO : : : : rquette R. R., Detroit, Mich, s of the photograph “ Trout ‘ THE INLAND PRINTER 935 Indians °i^e Southwest A new book, of intense interest — the absorbing story of a fast-vanishing race. It tells of their modes of life, customs, traits and ceremonies. Interesting alike to student and general reader. Valuable as a work of reference in school and home. The Horse Trail. Acoi Sent anywhere on receipt of fifty cents, coin, stamps or money order. Worth double the price. An additional fifty cents will bring you a beautiful book on the Grand Canyon of Arizona — greatest of natural wonders. General Passenger Office Atchison, Topeka Santa Fe Ry. CHICAGO The author is one who knows whereof he writes — GEO. A. DORSEY, Ph. D., Curator of Anthropology, Field Columbian Museum, Chicago. The illustrations are made from original photographs taken from life. The handsomely colored cover, with enameled book paper, make this volume one to be preserved. 936 THE INLAND PRINTER The Zeese -Wilkinson Company Designers, Engravers, Color Printers Will furnish Covers and Inserts in colors for Magazines, Periodicals, Catalogues and Fine Color Illustrations for Books, etc. Designs pre¬ pared and ideas submitted and developed by specialists. Our COLORTYPE PLATES for printing in two, three and more colors are unsurpassed for printing quality and facsimile results. Write for Estimates and Samples. Office and Works — 215-217 East Twenty-fourth Street, New York AT THE WORLD’S FAIR SEE THE = Curtis Embossing Printing Press The press that has earned the reputation of being the strongest built, simplest, easiest operated, and of stamping larger die ’work than any press made. Takes up to a 5x8 inch die, which permits its use for em¬ bossing catalogues , pamphlet and folder covers, labels, etc., also office stationery of all descriptions for manufac¬ turers, business houses, professional men and women, and society and monogram work. It prints and embosses two and three colors at one impression. It has a perfectly perpendicular plunger movement, has a straight wipe, an automatic paper roll, absolutely positive register, a friction clutch, and instantaneous brake stop — has every attachment and device for its convenient and successful operation. It is sold on trial, all wearing parts guaranteed for five years . Come, or send your representative, and run our press, and see how complete, convenient and easily operated it is, and you will be convinced of its superiority . One St. Louis firm is operating seven Curtis Presses. EXHIBIT IN BLOCK 11 Office and Factory PALACE OF LIBERAL ARTS 2122-28 CHOUTEAU AVE. WORLD’S FAIR 2122-28 LASALLE ST. B. ROTH TOOL CO. (ESTABLISHED ,857) ST. LOUIS, MO. The Robert Dick Mailer The Printers’ friend. Unrivaled for simplicity, durability and speed. With it experts have addressed from 6,ooo to 8,586 papers in less than an hour. Latest record, 200 papers in less than a minute. No office complete without it. For information concern¬ ing mailer, address Rev. Robert Dick Estate PRICE, $20. - — Perfection Wire -Stitching Machines JpfctS Always Satisfactory Manufactured by The J. L. MORRISON CO. 60 Duane St., New York LONDON LEIPZIG TORONTO THE INLAND PRINTER 937 Wesel Pays the Freight Not on everything, but on a large proportion of the Wesel manufactures most commonly used by printers. Wesel publishes a list, with discounts, showing all the advantages of buying direct from Wesel. Wesel Printing Materials excel in accuracy and quality. Galleys, Chases, Brass Rule, Stereo. Blocks, and hundreds of necessary articles are delivered to you freight paid, at lowest market prices. WESEL PATENT= Iron Grooved Block Nothing introduced by Wesel for the aid of printers has benefited printerdom quite so much as this unequaled block. Hundreds of the best printers consider it indispens¬ able. A study of the illustration will show its great range of useful¬ ness. It is absolutely safe and reliable. Send for descriptive circu¬ lar, list of users and testimonials. Wesel Self -Inking, Self -Feeding Proof Presses No concern employing more than one operator on ordinary galley proof presses can afford to be without one of these im¬ proved labor-saving automatic proof presses, any one of which will save the wages of from one to four operators, such saving frequently equaling the cost of a press in one year. The quality of work done is greatly superior to any that can be done on the ordinary proof presses. These presses have been on the market for six years, and presses sold six years ago are still working on daily morning and evening newspapers in New York City, doing good work to-day. The print¬ ing mechanism is illustrated by the accompanying sectional engraving. There is an ink fountain , in which the flow of ink is controlled perfectly. Below the fountain is a composition ductor roller, carrying the ink down to an iron distributing cylinder with a vibratory motion, which in turn supplies two composition inking rollers . The inking apparatus and impression appa¬ ratus are all held in a strong movable frame, which travels on square sliding guide blocks, fitted in run¬ ways at each side of the bed, all being moved by the handle. The impression cylinder is geared, made of iron, and is covered by a seamless vulcanized rubber (not a blanket), which gives a sufficiently soft and pliable printing surface. The vulcanized rubber cover¬ ing will last with ordinary care for about two years, and cylinders may be revulcanized at small cost. The impression is adjustable. The roll or web of paper is held on a detach¬ able spindle, and the paper passes around the impression cylinder and is held securely until the impression is taken. WESEL makes and sells everything required for Electrotyping, Stereotyping and Photo = Engraving. F. WESEL MFG. CO. a 82=84 FULTON STREET, NEW YORK 310 DEARBORN STREET, CHICAGO 938 THE INLAND PRINTER From Chicago daily, August 15 to September 10, 1904. First-class tickets good on The Overland Limited of the Chicago, Milwaukee and St. Paul and Union Pacific Line. Leave Chicago 6.05 p. m. daily. Also good on The California Express via this line, leaving Chicago at 10.2 5 p. m. daily. This train carries a tourist sleeping car, in which the berth rate to San Francisco is only $7. Tickets also good on The Southwest Limited via Kansas City. For $11 additional tickets may be purchased via St. Paul, Minneapolis and Portland, good on The Pioneer Limited, The Train of Trains, Chicago to the Twin Cities. Books and folders sent for six cents postage. F. A. Miller, General Passenger Agent, Chicago. LOW RATES TO MANY OTHER POINTS Tickets— 95 Adams Street Chicago THE INLAND PRINTER 939 <*S 1 ®50 California r AND RETURN Purpling grapes, ripening olives, the golden acres of vast wheat fields, heavily laden orange groves and the wealth of the wine press make autumn on the Pacific Coast a season i peculiar interest to the visitor. This wonderland is less than three days from Chicago, and for almost a month (August 15 to September xo) round-trip tickets Chicago to San Francisco or Los Angeles and return for $50.00 are on sale daily, with cor¬ respondingly low rates from other points, via the Chicago, Union Pacifica North-Western Line These tickets are good via variable routes, going one way and returning another, enabling the traveler to return via the World’s Fair at St. Louis, and other points of interest. Personally conducted parties traveling on special itineraries leave Chicago August 18 and 25, making stops of a day each at Denver, Colorado Springs and Salt Lake City for interesting side trips. These low-rate tickets are also good on The Overland Limited, the famous electric lighted solid through train, every day in the year, between Chicago and San Francisco, less than three days en route via the direct transcontinental line, over the only double-track railway between Chicago and the Missouri River. Two trains daily with through service to San Francisco, Los Angeles and Portland. The “Best of Everything. Send for itineraries and booklets, with list of California hotels and their rates. Full information on application. . B. KNISKERN, 940 THE INLAND PRINTER cA DISTINCTIVE QUALITY IN STYLE AND FINISH IS CHARACTERISTIC OF THE OUTPUT OF THE INLAND -WALTON ENGRAVING CO. Designers, Illustrators and Engravers in All Processes 120 -130 SHERMAN STREET CHICAGO LOCAL AND LONG-DISTANCE TELEPHONES 4230-4231 THE INLAND PRINTER 941 There is but one Niagara There is but one Michigan Central Not to know Niagara is not to know America. All Michigan Central trains passing Niagara Falls by day stop five minutes at Falls View. Have you seen the new Niagara Falls picture ? Send a postal for information. Address (Mention The Inland Printer) O. W. RUGGLES, Gen. PaSS. and Ticket Agent. 942 THE INLAND PRINTER New Jersey Wire Stitching Machine, THE HIGHEST GRADE. “FOOL PROOF.” STEAM OR ELECTRIC MOTOR. Send for Catalogue. Jo L, Shoemaker & Co. SOLE AGENTS, 15 South Sixth Street PHILADELPHIA, PA. DISPLACES BENZINE Non-Explosive, More Economical. Used by U. S. Government and thousands of printers. Reduces insurance rates nearly 25%. Preserves rollers. Devoid of gum or sediment. TARCOLIN and detergents for all purposes, under the following trade-marks: Anti-Benzine, Tarcolin, Rockoiin Alcolin, Dissolin and Pyronil. Write for booklet ADDRESS Delete Chemical Co. 126 William St.. New YorK. Copper and Zinc Plates MACHINE GROUND AND POLISHED CELEBRATED SATIN FINISH BRAND pR PHOTO- ENGRAVING AND ETCHING MANUFACTURED BY American Steel & Copper Plate Co. 150 NASSAU STREET, NEW YORK, N. Y. TELEPHONES \ automatic 6541 Slade, Hipp & Meloy 139 Lake St., Chicago ™C BOOKBINDERS’ SUPPLIES PAPER BOX MAKERS’ SUPPLIES EGG CASES AND FILLERS Straw Boards Auburn Cloth Board W. 0. Davey & Sons’ Tar Board Wood Pulp and Jute Board “Diamond S” Cloth Board Interlaken Mills Book Cloth Imported and Domestic Glazed Papers Machinery Designed You have a machine to develop. You Know it would pay you well to install it if it were well designed. I make a specialty of just such work (and do considerable of it). How can you find that I am the one to do your work ? Whitmore Mfg. Co. HOLYOKE, MASS. MANUFACTURE BEST GRADES OF Surface Coated Papers Card Board SAMUEL HOLLINGSWORTH, M.E. Post Office Building PLAINFIELD. N. J. ESPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR LITHOGRAPHING AND THREE-COLOR WORK LINEN PAPERS WITH THESE WATERMARKS ARE ACKNOWLEDGED TO BE OF THE HIGHEST QUALITY SEND FOR SAMPLE BOOK CRANE BROS.. PAPER MAKERS* WESTFIELD. MASS. The Black-Clawson . Co. HAMILTON, OHIO _ . - BUILDERS OF IMPROVED — Paper and Pulp Mill Machinery INK MILLS, PERFORATORS Saturating and Drying Machinery, Plating Machines, Special Machinery, etc. Write us for prices and further particulars LMartenson&Co. ™MACHINISTSs= Printers’ and Bookbinders’ Machinery a Specialty 186 and 198 South Clark Street, Sixth Floor, Rear. CHICAGO. PRINTERS’ ROLLERS BEST AND CHEAPEST IN USE - - ALSO - TABLET GUM GODFREY & CO. 909 Sansom St., Philadelphia, Pa. If inahurry,r,trr'orms ATLAS ELECTROTYPE COMPANY We do electrotyping only, and give prompt service and best work. We can please you. Out-of-town work solicited. 76 to 82 Sherman St., Chicago CARBON BLACK MADE BY Godfrey L. Cabot BOSTON, MASS. ECLIPSE. SUNSET. ELF. BANNER. THE INLAND PRINTER 943 " LEST (YOU) FORGET ” Pirie’s * fitter GJ on the press U m = than any Papers S. P. Shotter Company Rosin Oils All grades and gravities for making PRINTING INK GET OUR PRICES AND SAMPLES Superlative Inks Facsimile Typewritten in connection with our Ribbons to match Carbon Paper Specialties - FOR PRINTING TRADE - In Pen, Pencil and Stylus Carbons MITTAG & VOLGER Manufacturers, PARKRIDGE, N. J. Reducol Compound A Great Friend of the Pressman. it fesr offsetting- wiu d° awai wHh IT fyomLhePartlnegr.Ve ^ r°IlerS || k6£P them IT ink t0 Cake °" tyPe °f CUtS WHY YOU NEED IT! Another "Reason — JVo. 9 Acme Ink Reducer it for solid ci work, and judiciously u*ed “rubbingof folid surfaces.” any shade or k,;ri of ink, tacky the ink may be, and It quickly'mixes \ no matter how sti will not affect the most delicatt It is expressly recommended to prevent “picking of paper,” “filling up" of fine-line cuts or small type, and dries with a bright and perfect finish. Satisfaction is guaranteed. Sample free. Post¬ paid. Try it. ACME COMPOUND COMPANY, Elkhart, Ind. Branch-YALE PRINTERS’ SUPPLY CO., New Haven, Conn. It’s the Brand for you if you want metal satisfaction — “Perfection Linotype and Monotype manufactured only in Chicago by E. W. Blatchford Co. Practical Guide to (Elmbossing TELLS ALL ABOUT EMBOSSING HOW TO DO IT ON AN ORDINARY JOB PRESS The best work yet published. You should have one. The above is the title of a new edition of “A Practical Guide to Embossing,” just pub¬ lished. The work is a 32-page pamphlet, with full directions for making dies and doing embossing on job presses. Besides samples of embossing on both inside and outside of cover, it has two pages in the center of various kinds of embossed work in gold, red and blue. No printer should fail to have one of these books. Country printers are especially asked to examine it. Price, 75 cents, postpaid. The Inland Printer Co. ’*° St- Art Bits A collection of proofs selected from odd issues and engravers’ etchings, half-tones and three-color work. No two guaranteed to be exactly alike. Twenty-five selections in a portfolio. Price , $1.00 — postpaid. THE INLAND PRINTER CO. CHICAGO a Ik Machines “Krause” Printers and Lithographers ■ fr la Louis Dejonge&Co. _ 69,71-73 Duane Street NEW YORK. YrsLipocIitt Manual of ^tinting iisiiiii Clic f ltlanh printer